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33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Instltut  canadieti  de  microreproductions  historiques 


1 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  'orange 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


0 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


□    Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag6e 

I      I    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pellicul6e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  oti.er  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  materia^'/ 
Relii  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cau^e  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margfn/ 

La  reliure  serrie  pe ut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  da  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  t'lese 
have  been  omitted  fi'om  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certainvs  pages  blanches  ajoutt^es 
lors  dune  restauration  apparcissent  dans  le  toxte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  4tai^  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires; 


L'Instltut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul^es 


y 


D 


^/ 


0 


D 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piqu6es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualitd  indgale  de  I'impression 


r~~|    Includes  supplementary  materip*/ 


T 
t< 


Comprend  du  materiel  suppldmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  filrndes  d  nouveau  de  fa9on  A 
obtenir  ia  meilleure  image  possible. 


T 

P 
o 

fl 


0 
bi 
t\ 
si 
oi 
fi 
si 

OI 


Tl 
sf 
Tl 
w 

M 
di 
er 
be 

"i 
re 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci  dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


C 


y 


12X 


16X 


20X 


26X 


30X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  fllmad  hare  hai  been  reproduced  thanka 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

The  imagea  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ♦-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  filmi  fut  reproduit  grice  A  la 
gAn6rosit*  de: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  At*  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet*  de  l'exemplaire  film«,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim«e  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tablebjx,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film6s  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film*  A  partir 
de  Tangle  sup^rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

S 

6 

For  Ififortnatloti 
Regarding  the- 


MINERAL  RESOURCES 


-or- 


British  Columbia 


-WHITE  TO- 


HENRY  GROIT, 


Rosslaud,  B.  C. 


ik««oc.  N.  Inst.  G.  B., 


M.  I.  M.  E.,  Enufand. 


Fninwi  rnni'  EiperiK  in  Bisn  miml 


Mining  Properties  Managed. 

Reports  Made  on  Mines. 


MINING    IN    THB    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST.  1 

mmi  Fi  Ci  INNESp 

Mining  Broker, 

Vancouver,  B.  C. 


All  4eaorlptlon«  o<  MIbIbk  VrwpweHmm  nesottated  for. 
lhpe«i«I  mttentlon  viTca  to  SloewB  «ad  Trail  Creek  divtrlotab 
rmll  Hat  of  ataadard  stoeka  at  lofreat  qaotatlona. 


Correspondence  Solicited. 


C7ai>D€l— A,  B,  O,  0,  4tk  Bdltlon,   Morelnff  A  Neal'a. 


VERY 

MANY 


Of  'tke  SAtne  pros- 
pectors and  tnlners 
who  purchased  their 
outfits  from  us  In 
1896  are  again  ord- 
ering from  us  this 
spring. 

This  MUST  prove 
that  they  were  well 
satisfied. 

If  you  want    the 

very  best  outfit  that 

money  can  buy  (and  that  Is 

the  only  kind  you  should 

have)  can  or  write  to  us. 


COOMBieiiVY, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Orooen, 
104  and  106  Commercial  Street, 
Seattle,  Wash.  Pblfodloe 
Box  m  frio*  itot  maU««  va 
«;M>ueatl«a. 


109562 


u 


MININ© 


IN    THK    PACIFIC    N»nTHW»«T. 


Ariiona 

Gold  Mining  Co. 


if?  ^  ip 


OFFICERS. 

Tinw.  FRANKI^URT PrenldeiH 

N.  W.  SCANI.ON Vlce-P»e«lden< 

D.  M.  SOLlflDAY Se«rc<«ry 

FHAKTK   JOIMT    Tr««»iir«» 


HEAD  OFFICE, 


601-602  Pioneer  Building: 


SEATTLE,  WASHINGTON, 


The  Arliona  Oold  Mining  Company  owns  the  ArlBona  and  Washington 
mlnlns  claims,  on  the  headwaters  of  the  north  fork  of  the  Snoqualmie  River, 
In  King  County,  Washington.  They  are  only  one  mile  from  the  Brooklyn 
group  on  Miller  River  and  the  Apex  mine  on  Money  Creek,  being  on  the  oppo- 
•ite  Bide  of  the  same  mountain  ridge  and  are  only  a  mile  distant  from 
Miller  &  Sharp's  Mastodon  mine. 

The  Arizona  ledge  Is  forty  feet  wide  between  walls  of  granite  and  the 
ore  Is  sulphides  carrying  gold,  silver  and  copper. 

The  Washington  adjoins  the  Arizona  and  has  a  ledge  fifty  fe*t  wide, 
carrying  ore  fer  twenty  feet  of  its  width. 

Timber  is  abundant,  a  fine  millslte  can  be  had  on  the  shore  of  three  small 
lakes  through  which  a  stream  flows,  furnishing  abundant  water  power. 

A  limited  amount  of  treasury  stock  is  -".rfered  iut  i<al« 

W^lte  (or  prospectus  and  price  of  stock. 


UmiN*    IN    THI    PACIFIC    NORTlCW««T. 

THE 


Gold  Mountain 


Mining  ConkD'y 


OFFICERS, 

MTM.  VnAJtKVVHT Pr«al«« 

«.  jr.  BORGFORD Vlee-Prewl4«kj^ 

OBO.  W.  DBVBCMON Se4*retarr  aa4 


Head  Office  601-2  Pioneer  Building, 
Seattle,  Wash. 


The  (Sold  Mountain  Mlnlny  Company's  property  ocnBtsts  of  «lgfit  fan* 
sized  claims,  namely:  Grand  Central,  Bonanza  Queen,  Paymaster,  Grown 
Point.  San  Francisco,  Red  Jacket,  Bald  Bayle  and  Happy-Oo-Lucky. 

All  these  claims  are  situated  on  Money  Creek.  King  County,  Washington, 
within  about  three  miles  of  the  Great  Northern  Railroad  and  only  llfty-two 
miles  by  rail  from  a  amelter.  They  have  large  bodies  of  Iron  and  copper 
sulphide  ore  carrying  gold,  which  can  be  made  to  pay  dividends  by  a  small 
expenditure  for  development.  Regarding  Money  Creek  the  Washington  Min- 
ing Journal  says: 

"This -district  is  In  the  western  slopj  of  the  Ca8ca(!(e  Mountains,  IB  King 
County,  State  of  Washington,  and  Is  easily  accessible.  Skykomish.  on  the 
Great  Northsm  Railway,  Is  the  nearest  railway  station.  If  there  were  no 
other  nlines  In  the  State  of  Washington  it  could  still  claim  distinction  as  a 
mining  state  on  the  strength  of  Money  Creek  alone.  The  large  disclosures 
of  ore  in  the  locality  exceed  those  of  Treadwell,  in  Alaska.  The  bodies  of  ore 
on  the  Bonansa  Qufliui  and  Paymaster  are  believed  to  be  Inexhaustible.  Tho 
Gold  Mountain  Mining  Company  is  the  owner  of  both  claims,  and  With  its 
new  and  complete  equipment  of  machinery  and  a  force  of  competent  workmea 
will  record  a  large  output  during  the  prf>Bent  year.". 

A  limited  amount  of  treasury  atock  for  sale. 

Write  for  prosjiwctus  and  |»rloo  of  stock. 


MINING    TN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


CelvHIe 
Reservation! 


THE  RUSH  this  spring  will  be  to 
the  ColvlUe  reservation.  Shares  In 
good  mlnea  already  develoiu'il  are 
Bure  to  advance  as  the  Mineral  Hflt 
from  Trail  Creek,  B.  C,  extends 
Into  the  Pierre  lake  district,  and 
for  richer  properties  have  been 
found  in  this  district  than  have  yet 
been  deiveloped  near  Rossland. 

Investors  will  make  money  by 
purchasing   Treasury   Stock  of  the 

BQld  EQQie  Gold  MinlOQ  GO. 

And  syndiGQie  Gold  Minino  Co. 

At  10  cents  per  share.  Stock  fully 
paid  and  non-assessable.  Price  will 
be  advanced  by  companies  as  work 
progresses.  Over  87  feet  of  tunnel 
aWa  shaft  work  already  done,  and 
caotract  for  100  feet  more  of  tun- 
nel  about   to  be  let. 

'^or  shares  and  particulars  write 
to  the  company,  room  B.,  Haller 
block,  or  Wm.  D.  Perkins  &  Co., 
m  New  York  block,  Seattle. 


I 


stocks 
And  Mining 
Investments. 


Cjfil<n9  and  Stocks  Bought  audi 
Sold.    Properties  Re- 
ported On. 


CoAee  Used— A.  B.  C,  4tli  fidi- 
tl«n,   MorelnK   A   Neail,   Kl'Xvill, 
Otonarh,  Bedford  M'Neal. 


J.  H.  WISE 

Mining 
Engineer. 

Reports  on  Mines,  Engineers  Devel- 
opment, adiflce  on  Concentration 
and  Milling  of  ores.  P.  O.  Box  667, 
Rooms  56-57  Epier  Block,  Seattle. 
Take    elevator    McDonald    Block. 


Gas  and 
Gasoline  Engines. 

STATIONARY  AND  MARINE. 

GEO.  SINTZ 

1307  Western  Avenue, 

SEATTLE,  WISH. 

Mention  this  ad. 

Walling  &  Tozier 

Promoters  of 

MINING  PROPER! lES 

Rooms  2  ood  i  suiiiifon  Bido., 

SEATTLE,  WASH 

MlneH  and  Stoekn  t^ouvht  and 

Sold.    AVrlte  Vn  tor  In 

formation. 

Edward  L.  Ensel, 

MINES  BOUGHI 
AND  SOLD. 

Examlnatlonii     and      Reporte 
Made. 
Reference    on    Application. 


319  Cdile  SI,  ■  •  VANCOyVER.  B.  C.       SEATTLE,  ....  WASH. 


DIRECTORY  OP  MINING  COMPANIES. 


Some  of  the  Leading  Companies  Operating  in 
V' ashington  and  British  Columbia. 


ALKI  GOLD  MINING  CO.  (LIMITED)— Capital  stouk,  |76O,00O;  treasury  Btock. 

$160,000;  office,  Tacoma;  property,  Alki,  Trail  Creek.     Offlcera:    President, 
ames  J.  AnderHon;  vice  president,  John  W.  Renfroe;  secretary,  Julius  F. 
Hale;  treasurer,  ITobert  Q.  Hudson. 
ALPHA  GOLD  &  CUPPER  MINING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  11.000,000;  treasury 
stock,  $250,000;  offloe,  room  C,   Bailey  building,  Seattle;   property,  Alpb~, 

froup.  Index  district.  Offlcers:  President,  T.  A.  Gamble;  vice  presl- 
ent,  S,  R.  Haddock;  secretary  and  treasurer,  J.  H.  Irving. 

ARIZONA  GOLD  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  11,500,000;  treasury  stock. 
1300,000;  office,  601-2  Pioneer  building,  Seattle;  property,  Arizona  group, 
Buena  Vista  district.  Offlcers:  President,  William  Frankfurt;  vice  presi- 
dent, N.  W.  Scanlon;  secretary,  D.  M.  Solliday;  treasurer,  Frank  Jobst. 

BALD  EAGLE  GOLD  MINING  CO.-Capital  stock,  11,000,000;  treasury  stock. 
$400,000;  office.  Room  B,  Haller  block,  Seattle;  property.  Bald  Eagle  group 
of  five  claims,  ColviUe  Reservation.  Offlcers:  President,  Harwood  Mor- 
gan; secretary,  W.  D.  Wood;  treasurer,  W.  D.  Perkins. 

BALLARD  GOLD  MINING  &  MILLING  CO.-Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treas- 
ury stock,  $200,000;  office,  Ballard,  Wash.;  property,  Cle-Elum.  Officers: 
President,  M.  Dow;  secretary,  F.  F.  Fisher;  treasurer,  P.  C.  Sankey; 
trustees.  Mayor  G.  G.  Startup,  W.  R.  Calderwood,  A.  Grubb,  S.  W.  Baker, 
L.  S.  Hawley,  H.  T.  Hawley,  O.  Johnson. 

BALTIMORE  &  SEATTLE  MINING  &  REDUCTION  CO.— Capital  stock, 
$1,000,000;  office,  312  and  313  Occidental  block,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property,  nine 
claims  in  Granite  Mountain  mining  district  (unorganized),  Miller  river, 
King  county,  Washington.  President,  Andrew  Blakistone;  secretary,  D. 
N.  Baxter;  treasurer,  Herman  Chapin;  Andrew  Homrlcb,  Andrew  Blaki- 
stone, D.  N.  Baxter. 

BIG  BEAR  MINING  CO.-Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $250,000; 
office,  box  1136,  Seattle;  property,  Big  Bear  group,  Siiverton  district.  Offl- 
cers: President,  A.  Kistler;  vice  president  and  general  manager,  Richard 
Hussey;  secretary  and  treasurer,  E.  A.  Bridgman. 

BIG  EIGHT.GOLD  MINING  &  MILLING  CO.-Capital  tHock,  $2,000,000;  treas- 
ury stock,  $600,000;  cash  in  treasury,  $1,250;  office,  3C8-V  Bemwell  block. 
Spokane,  Wash;  property.  Big  Eight  group,  Twisp  district.  Offlcers: 
President,  I.  S.  Kaufman;  vice  president,  H.  J.  Martin;  secretary,  R.  Aber- 
nethy;  treasurer,  W.  D.  Scott. 

BLACK  HAWK  MINING  &  CONCENTRATING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $1,000,000; 
treasury  stock,  $400,000;  office,  52  Hinckley  block,  Seattle,  Wash;  property. 
Black  Hawk,  Franklin,  Le  Rol  and  Josie,  Howard  creek  and  Index  district. 
Offlcers:  President,  I.  Hulme;  secretary,  L.M.  Presnall;  treasurer,  Fred 
Furth. 

BLACK  ROCK  GOLD  MINING  CO.-Capltal  stoclr,  1,000.000  shares;  treasury 
stock,  250,000  shares;  office,  905  First  avenue,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property,  Tht 
Black  Rock  mineral  clahn.  Trail  Creek  district.  Offlcers:  President,  w.  P. 
Boyd;  vice  president,  O.  R.  Dahl;  secretary,  W.  T.  L.  Rutherford;  treas* 
urer,  Andrew  ChiJberg;  general  manager,  A.  W.  Anderson;  oonsultios 
engineer,  Ernest  G.  Locke. 

BONANZA  MINING  &  SMELTING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $2,000,000;  treasury 
stock,  $400,000;  office,  36  Sullivan  building,  Seattle;  property.  Silver  creek. 
Officers:  Presid<^nt,  Peter  Chicdo;  secretary.  Charles  Lovejoy;  treasurer, 
A.  Chilberg. 

CASCADE  L'BVELOPMENT  CO.-Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock, 
$250,000;  offlce,  Everett,  Wash.  Olilcers:  President,  F.  A.  White;  vice  presi- 
dent and  treasurer,  W.  G.  Swalwell;  secretary,  S.  N.  Balrd<  Objects:  Fur- 
nish capital  to  develop  mines,  buy  and  sell  mining  properties. 

CHELAN  GOLD  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock.  2G0,0(M 
shares;  offlce,  110  Washington  building.  Seattle,  Wash. ;  property.  Blue  Jay 
and  Seattle,  Chelan  mining  district,  Okanogan  county,  Washington.  OHl- 
eers:  President,  H.  F.  Norton;  secretary,  John  P.  Jacobsen;  treasurer, 
Andrew  (yhllberg;  trustees,  H.  F.  Norton,  George  F.  Raymond,  A.  Chilberg, 
N.  B.  Nelson,  Thomas  Bowes;  superintendent,  J.  D.  IfeDermott. 


MININO    IN    THB    PACIFIC    NORTH WMT. 

Ftr  liYestMHts  li  fkt 

Cle-Elum  minin6  Dimmer 


Everett  Mining  Exchange 

No.  a  lt«alty   Itlofk. 
•      KVERKTT,  WAHMINUTON. 


Capital.  $190,000. 

Officers.... 

r.  A.  White,  president:  W.  R. 
BtockbrldKC.  vice  pn-aldcnt;  Ed- 
ward Mills,  secretary;  A.  J.  VVeat- 
land,  treasurer ;  F.  J.  Cail,  asslst- 
Mfit  treasurer. 

Public  and  private  sale  of  mining 
stocks.  Mlnfs  and  Mining  clulma 
bought    and    bo'd. 


IWoran  Bros. 


ANY, 


Manufacture 
A.1I  Klfids 


Minitig 
Machinery. 

Seattle,  Wash. 


GEO.  D.  SCOTT, 

VICTORIA  and 
VANCOUVER, 

British  Columbia. 


Nines  and  Fractional  Interests 
a  Specialty. 


Personally  Inspects  all  properties 
hanc^led.    Correspondence  solicited. 


D.  C.  JOHNSON, 

Mining 
Investments. 


Office  With  . .  . 
A.  W.  Hawks,  Dorche  t  r  B.k., 
Mrtrttt.  Watk. 


Call  t'pon  or  Write  to 

M.  Qiniycv       ^ 

Mining:  Broker, 

221-222  WashliiKtOtt  Bide 
TACOMA. 


Judson  C.  Hi'^bart, 

ATTORNEY 
AT  LAW. 

Mining  Law  a  Specialty. 

With  RobiuHon  &  Rowell,  H«l- 

ler  Block, 

SEATTLE,  WASH. 


F.  J.  CALL, 


Mining 
Broker. 


KVERETT.   WASM. 


THE  ORIGINAL 

Giant,  Judson  Improved 
And  Clipper 

BIASTING  POWDERS 

Also  a  fnti  line  of  flneit  Fase 
and  caps. 

we.  B.  ADAIR  «  S«i  AlMla. 


MIKINO    IN    THB    PACIFIC    NORTHWMiT. 


^1 


lie 


CLBOPATRA  MINING  CO.— Capital  atook,  $1,000,000;  offlM,  811  and  US  Ooel< 
dental  block,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property,  three  olatma  In  Oranlte  Mountain 
mlnlne  district  (unorganized).  Miller  river,  King  county,  Waahlnflrton. 
President,  J.  T.  Hlaktstone;  aecretary,  D.  N.  Baxter;  treasurer,  R.  R. 
Spencer. 

COOK  KITCHEN  MINING  CO.  (Tin  Mlne).-Offlce,  Seattle,  Wash.  Offlcara: 
President.  I...  Hanks;  vice  pre;vldent,  W.  H.  Rooks;  treasurer,  W.  B.  Hutch- 
inson; Mecrctiiiy,  (J.  I.  Case. 

CO-OPKRATIVK  MIN'INO  SYNOICATK.  -Capital  stock,  $50,000,000;  office,  114 
Columbia  street,  Seattle,  Wash.  Officers:  President,  Charles  B.  Crane; 
secretary,  A.  HohlnHon.  treasurer,  A.  I'hllberjr;  attorney,  J.  A.  Stratton. 

DKER  TRAII..  MINir  '().— Capital  .stock.  $500,000,  jmr  value  $1  per  share; 
office,  Davenport.  Wa  ,  property.  Cedar  Canyon  district.  Officers:  Pren- 
ident,  A.  W.  Turner;  » :  ,aHurer.  I!.  O.  (Jibson;  secretary,  E.  E.  Plough; 
directors.  A.  W.  Turnoi  B.  O.  Gibson.  E.  E.  Plougli,  D.  t.'hlld,  F.  T.  McCul- 
lough,  C.  Golden,  A.    lobley. 

DETROIT-WlNDSr  ;  MIL'.  &  MINIVO  CO.-Capltal  Pt.ock.  1,000,000  sharea  of 
$1  each;  treasi  '  stock,  IM.OOv;  dhares:  office.  Seattle,  Wash.;  property, 
Detroit,  Wlndso. ,  Detroit  >'..  2,  Windsor  No.  2,  and  Bryan  ralnei)  near 
Loomls,  Wadi.  Trus.'es:  President,  M.  O.  liarney;  vice  president, 
John  Schram;  secrcfuiv  A.  P.  Mitten;  treasurer,  A.  M.  Brookes;  B.  W. 
P -mber;  A.  W.    Er.    'e.  Mark  Bailey.  Jr. 

KCLIPSB  MINING  Co.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $400,000;  prop- 
erty, comurlsInK  iwor'y-sovcn  claims  In  flilvorton  district.  Officers:  Prest* 
dent,  E.  C.  Fergason;  spTPtary,  D.  S.  SwerdHger. 

ELLIOTT  CREEK  GOLD  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,200,000;  treasury 
stock,  $300,000;  ofiice.  52  Safe  Deposi.  i>'i||dlnp,  Seattle.  Offieerar.  Prosld°nt. 
H.  W.  Coffin;  .secretary  and  treaeurer,  I!.  C  Paige. 

EMPIRE  MINING  CO.— Capital  atock,  $1,000,000;  office.  501-502  Washington 
block,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property,  near  Camp  McKlnney,  Oaoyoos  division, 
British  Clolumbla.  Officers:  President.  G.  E.  Hallock;  secretary,  W.  H, 
Clark;  treasurer,  A.  E.  Nel.son. 

BUREKA  MINING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $100,000;  office,  Anacortes,  Wash.; 
property.  Eureka  Rroup,  Shi  to  Creek  dlptrlct.  Officers:  President,  Mel- 
ville Curtis;  aecretary,  E.  S.  Dodge. 

EUREKA  MINING  &  MILLING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury 
stock,  $448."C0;  office,  Everett.  Wash.;  property,  Eureka  and  Eureka 
Extension  No.  1,  Sllverton  district;  president,  P.  K.  Lewie;  secretary, 
Alex.  Keay;    treasurer,  Charles  Anderson. 

46  CONSOLIDATED  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock.  $2,000,000  In  $10  shares,  fully 
paid  and  non-assessable;  treasury  stock,  $750,000;  office,  Everett.  Wash:; 
property,  45  group.  Sultan  basin.  Officers:  President,  W.  C.  Cox-  vice 
president,  L.  A.  Dyer;  secretary,  Louis  Henry  Legg;  treasurer,  Schuyler 
Duryee;  general  manager,  W.  P.  Brown. 

GOLD  BELT  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $300,000; 
office,  33-34-35  Union  block,  Seattle;  property.  Sunset,  Keremeos  district, 
British  Columbia.  Officers:  President.  G.  W.  Yancy;  secretary,  A.  B.  Ball; 
treasurer.  A.  D.  Eshelman;  attorney,  John  P.  Miller. 

GOLD  HILL  MINING  &  MILLING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $1,500,000;  treasury 
stock,  $600,000;  office.  Buckley.  Waah. ;  property.  King,  Cascade,  Axe  and  G. 
A.  R.,  Summit  district.  Officers:  President.  Bdw.  C.  Keith;  secretary, 
Seymour  H.  Bell;  treasurer,  Gwin  Hicks;  vice  president.  J.  B.  Current. 

GOLD  MOUNTAIN  MINING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock, 
$200,000;  office,  601-2  Pioneer  building.  Seattle;  property.  Gold  Mountain 
group.  Money  Creek  district.  Officers:  President,  William  Frankfurt; 
vice  president,  G.  J.  Borgford;  secretary  and  treasurer,  G.  W.  Devecmon; 
superintendent.  J.  T.  Pomercy. 

GOLD  T'TNNEL  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock.  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $300.- 

000;  ofi    e,  Seattle  Ice  Co.,  Seattle;  property.  Money  creok.     Officers:   Presl- 

>  dent,  Geo.  W.  Devecmon;  secretary,  G.  C.  Mitchell;  treasurer,  R.  C.  Connor. 

GREAT  WESTERN  MINING  &  REDUCTION  CO.— Capital  stock.  $1,000,000; 
treasury  stock,  $ir'.>.000;  office,  Ballara,  Wash.;  property,  StiUaguamiBh. 
Portuna.  Sixteen  to  One,  Mountain  View  and  Ballard.  Officers:  Presi- 
dent, H.  B.  Pederson;  secretary,  William  M.  Curtlss;  treasurer,  Iiewls 
Anderson. 

HIDDEN  TREASURE  GOLD  MINING  &  MILLING  CO.— Capital  stock. 
$1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $300,000,  non-assdssable;  office,  114  vesler  way, 
Seattle;  property,  Hidd  n  Treasure  mine.  Squaw  Creek  district.  Washing- 
top.  Officers:  Prealdunt,  James  West;  secretary,  Joseph  W.  Gregory; 
treasurer,  H.  R.  Baylls. 

HIGHLANDER  QOLD  &  SILVER  MINING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $1,000,000; 
treasury  stock,  $300,000;  office.  412  Balloy  block,  Seattle;  property.  High- 
lander group.  Miller  river.  Officers:  President.  D.  B.  Durie;  secretary, 
George  Low;  treasurer,  W.  W.  Easter. 

IDAHO  &  WOLVERINE  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000:  treasury 
stO' k.  $250,000;  office.  RIalto  building;  property.  Idaho  and  wolverin*. 
Chuian  district.  Officers:  President,  George  F.  Raymond;  secretary,  T. 
Bowes. 

IRON   IfOTTNTATN    CONSOLIDATED    GOLD   A    COPPER   MININW   •©.- 


^m^ 


P^Wff 


vlil 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORtHWBflt. 


AlMt  Omliaii  Boy  Gold  Mhiln^  C«iii|Mny,  Limltod. 

Big  Bend,  goiihhdiq  Rivef.  65  Mites  From 


ReireisK  Briiisii  coiuoii)! 


DAVID  F.  DOUGIAS,  Broker, 

Established  1887. 

Mines  and  Mining  Stocks.  Real  Estate  and  Insurance. 

MONEY  TO  LOAN. 

Offices— Masottlc  Block,  Cor.  Camble  and  Cordova  Sts.,  "^ 
VANCOUVER,  B.  C. 


Mines,  Mining  Stocks  and  Real  Estattt. 
Write  for  Weekly  Stock  List. 

Now  is  "the  time"  for  solid,  safe  investmenta  in  VANOOUVBR,  BRIT- 
ISH COLUMBIA,  THE  10-YEAR-O  DD  WONDER  OP  THE  PACIFIC 
COAST. 

Quotations   on  all  mining  stock  3, 
A,    B.   C.   and   Ciough    Code. 

DAVID  F.  DOUOrLAS. 
Masonic   Block,   Corner  Camble   St«.,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 


DIER,  DAVIDSOIN  &  RUSSELL 
Mining  Brokers, 

Head  Office,  Victoria,  B.  C. 

Branch  Office,  Hamilton,  Ontario. 


Mines  at  Falrvlew,  B.  C,  For  Sale. 


To^n  lots  In  Falrvlew.  B.  C,  now  on  the  market.  If  you  want  to  m&k. 
money  quickly  Invest  In  Mines  or  Town  lots  at  Falrvlew,  the  coming  ^amp  m 
British    Columbia.  "      *^  ^ 

Ctftit  Address  "ftUONiiJU"  Im^  a  Nny*,  dl^ 


lll>IlNO    IK    tHB    PACIFIC    NORtHWHUW, 


mZ 


Capital  stock,  11,000,000;  treasury  atock,  $260,000;  office,  62  Hlnoklejr  bloek. 
Seattle,  Wash. ;  property,  Nest  Egg:,  Iron  Cap,  Duke,  River  Side,  Ray-Bell»- 
Clyde  and  War  Eagle,  Howard  Creek  and  Index  district.  Offlcera:  Presi- 
dent, W.  H,  Moore;  secretary,  L.  M.  Presnall;  treasurer,  J.  R.  Griffith. 

KASLO  MONTEZUMA  MINING  &  MILLING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $1,250,000; 
treasury  stock,  $30O,0CO;  office,  SeatLle,  Washington;  branch  office,  Kaslo, 
B.  C;  property,  Montezuma,  Mexico,  Vera  Cruz,  Buena  Vista,  Slocan 
mining  district.  President,  C.  L.  Webb;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Maurice 
McMlcken;  trustees,  C.  L.  Webb,  E.  C.  Hughes,  John  B.  Allen,  Maurice 
McMlcken,  L.  L.  Patrick. 

LIVINGSTONE-ANDREWS  MINING  CO.-Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury 
stock.  $250,000;  office,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property.  Our  Sisters  and  Pohakaole, 
SUverton  (Stillaguamish)  district.  Officers:  President,  C.  Livingstone; 
secretary  and  treasurer,  W.  R.  Andrews. 

LOG  CABIN  GOLD  MINING  CO.— Capital  atock,  $1,000,000.  $1  shares;  office,  601 
Pioneer  building,  Seattle;  property.  Money  Creek  district.  Officers:  Presi- 
dent and  treasurer,  Julius  Wegert;  vice  president,  Oswald  Meyer;  secre- 
tary, D.  M.  Solllday;  trustees,  George  V.  Gau,  M,  W.  Scanlon.  Julius 
Wegert  and  Oswald  Meyer. 

MARIETTA  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $250,000; 
office,  Everett,  Wash.;  property.  Palmer  mountain,  Okanogan  county. 
Officers:  President,  P,  A.  White;  vice  president,  J.  S.  Mcllhany;  secretary, 
B.  P.  Gardiner;  treasurer,  W.  G.  Swalwell;  general  manager,  Charles  Hove. 

MAYFLOWER  NUMP?3R  FOUR  GOLD  MINING  CO.-Capital  stock,  $1,000,- 
000;  office,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property.  Murphy  creek,  British  Columbia.  Offi- 
cers:  President,  J.  M.  E.  Atkinson;  secretary  and  treasurer,  F.  A.  Bell. 

MILLBR  RIVER  MINING  CO.-Capital,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $300,000; 
office,  628  Pioneer  building.  Officers:  President,  George  Fowler;  secretary 
and  treasurer,  C.  A.  McKenzie. 

MONTEREY  GOLD  MINING  &  MILLING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  office, 
602  Pioneer  block,  Seattle;  property,  Georgle  Smith  group,  Leavenworth 
district.  Officers:  President,  Samuel  Gibson;  vice  president.  Homer  W. 
Olts;  secretary,  D.  M.  Solllday;  treasure,  George  L.  Hay. 

NEW  YORK  &  BALTIMORE  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock.  $1,000,000,  200,000 
shares:  treasury  stock,  80,000  shares;  office,  515  New  York  block,  Seattle; 
property,  ten  claims  on  Miller  river  and  Money  creek.  Officers:  President, 
F.  D.  Van  Wagenen;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Frank  P.  Lewis. 

OLD  GLORY  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  333,333 
shares;  office,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property,  Slocan  district,  British  Columbia, 
2%  miles  from  Slocan  City.  Officers:  President,  J.  F.  McNaught;  secretary, 
Francis  A.  Bell. 

PERRY  CREEK  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $250,- 
000;  office,  119  Washington  building,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property,  Eurelui, 
Cosmopolitan,  Maybar,  Orient,  Copper  Queen.  Copper  King,  Eventide, 
Olympian,  Ajax,  Fanny  D.,  Wooley,  Rocky,  Skookum,  Skookum  No.  2  and 
the  J.  A.  Dorman,  Stillaguamish  district.  Officers:  President,  Angus  W. 
Young;  secretary  and  treasurer,  George  T.  Relchenbach. 

PICKWICK  MINING  &  DEVELOPMENT  CO.— Capital  stock,  $10,000;  office, 
Rialto  building,  Seattle;  property,  Pickwick  group,  Leavenworth  district. 
Officers:  President,  N.  B.  Nelson;  secretary,  Thomas  Bowes;  treasurer, 
Andrew  Chiiberg. 

PORTLAND  &  NORTHWESTERN  EXri^ORATION  &  MINING  CO.-Capl- 
tal stock,  $250,000;  office,  32,  33  and  34  Washington  block,  Portland,  Or.;  prop- 
erty, St.  Helen's  district.  Officers:  President,  P.  Abraham;  secretary, 
Alexander  Bv^ruE  "^n. 

QUADRA  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock.  $400,000;  office. 
Safe  Deposit  building,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property.  Lane,  .Deadwood  No.  1. 
Deadvt'ood  and  Western  claims.  Flat  creek,  Northport  district.  Officers: 
President,  W.  Strohl';  secretary,  J.  G.  Blake;  treasurer,  J.  G.  Cotton. 

RIVBRiJIDE  GOLD  MINING  CO.-Capital  stock,  $1,000,000  treasury  fatock. 
$260,000;  office,  715  New  York  block,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property,  DayvUle, 
Riverside,  East  End  claim."*.  Squaw  Creek  mining:  district.  Officers: 
President,  J.  G.  Cotton;  secretary,  Stewart  E.  smith. 

ROSSLAND  UNITED  GOLD  MINING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasurer 
stock,  $300,000;  office,  Seattle.  Officers:  President.  T.  J.  Humes;  secretary, 
Alpheus  Byers;  treasurer,  R.  V.  Ankeny. 

ST.  KBVERNB  MINING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $200,000; 
office.  Spokane  Hotel,  Spokane,  Wash.;  property,  St.  Keverne  group,  Payne 
mountain,  Slocan  district,  British  Columbia.  Officers:  President,  J.  D. 
Farrell;  secretary,  Sid.  Norman;  treasurer,  Sid  Norman;  trustees,  W.  S. 
Korman,  C.  G.  Reeder  and  Ben  Norman. 

SEARCHLIGHT  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $400.- 
000;  office,  5  Colonial  block.  Seattle,  Wash.;  property.  Searchlight  No.  1. 
Searchlight  No.  2,  Elgin  and  Trilby  claims.  Flat  creek,  Northport  district. 
Officers:  President,  J.  Q.  Cotton;  secretary.  George  W.  Bacon;  tjreasurer, 
r.  M.  j'ordan. 

SILVER  CREEK  GOLD  MINING  CO.— Capital  stocic.  $1,000,000,  |1  shares; 
trMMary  stock,  $300,000;  office.  Everet^.  Wash.;  p.'oportir.  Silver  CrMk  dla- 


S.  UUttVa    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWBST. 

Shortest,  Quickest,  Cheapest 


-«OUTE  TO- 


Lake  Chelan,  Methowp  All  Okan- 
ogan and  Colvllle  Reser- 
vation Points. 


Only  direct  route  to  Chelan,  Ives,  The  Twlsp,  Gold  Creek,  Sqiiaw  Creek, 
flllver,  Slate  Creek,  Ruby,  Conconully,  Loomis,  Golden,  Oro,  Cfiunp  McKln- 
ney,  Rock  Creek,  Boundary  Creek,  and  all  Colvllle  Reservation  points. 

TAKE  STEAMER 

CITY  OF  ELLENSBURG 

AT  WENATCHEE. 

For  further  Information,  any  agent  G.  N.  Ry.,  or  write  Alex  Grlsga,  MgT.. 
Wenatchee  Wash. 


The  Center  of  the  Stillaguaitiish 
Mining  District. 


Dlstrlbtttlne  Point  for  the  SILVER  GULCH,  DEER  CREEK 
•ttd  MARTIN  CREEK  MINES. 

Special  inducements  to  parties  seeking  business  locations 
I*  tlie  ORIGINAL  TOWNSITE  OP  SILVERTON. 

Title  perfect— U.  S.  Patent. 


SIL. 
SL 


3YI 


W.  R.  WHITTON,       PARKER  McKENZlE, 


SILVERTON. 


WASHINQTM 


tKSSSmS'' 


itntnta  in  ths  PxctPtc  tJoKVHwatn:. 


tiiot.  Snohotnlata  county.  President.  A.  J  Westland;  secretarjr*  O.  C. 
Johnson;  treasurer,  J.  N.  Scott. 

SILVBR  LAKE  MINING  &  SMELTING  CO.-Capltal  stock.  H.OOO.OOO;  treas- 
ury stock,  230,000  shares;  offlce,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property,  Monte  Cristo  and 
Silver  creek.    President,  Sol  G.  Simpson ;  secretary,  Francis  A.  Bell. 

SLOGAN-RECIPROCITY  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  J1,000,000;  treasury 
stock,  $200,000;  offlce,  Spokane  Hotel,  Spokane,  Wash.;  property.  Reciproc- 
ity and  Lillian  on  Payne  mountain,  Sloean  district,  British  Columbia. 
President,  J.  D.  Farrell;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Sid  Norman;  trustees, 
J.  H.  Thompson,  W.  S.  Norman  and  J.  A.  Whlttler. 

STANDARD  GOLD  MINING  &  MILLING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $1,000,000;  treas- 
ury stock,  $300,000;  no  personal  stock  Issued;  offlce,  114  Yesler  way,  Seattle: 
property.  Standard  and  Louisa,  Methow  district.  President,  Douglas 
¥oung;  secretary,  M.  D.  Clark;  treasurer,  C.  N.  Hutchinson,  Gen  Mang, 
James  West. 

SYNDICATE  GOLD  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock.  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock, 
$400,000;  offlce,  room  B,  Haller  block,  Seattle;  property,  Syndicate  group  of 
hve  claims,  ColvlUe  Reservation.  President,  Harwood  Morgan;  secretary, 
W.  D.  Wood;  treasurer,  W.  D.  Perkins. 

T.  &  K.  MINING  CO.— Capitalization,  1,000,000  shares;  treasury  fund,  250,000 
shares;  offlce,  Everett;  property,  StlUaguamlsh  district,  Snohomish  county. 
President,  H.  L.  Keyte;  secretary,  Jas.  A.  McLaren;  treasurer,  J.  W. 
Balhly. 

THE  CLERMONT  GOLD  MINING  &  MILLING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000; 
treasury  stock,  $200,000  offlce,  Sea^'le,  Washington  property,  Cle-eium 
mining  district,  Kittitas  county,  \\  ihington.  President,  O.  O.  Hamre; 
secretary,  D.  M.  Solllday;  vice  presluent  and  treasurer,  C.  F.  Kams. 

THE  COLVILLE  GOLD  MINING  CO.- Capital  s^-vik,  $1,000,000;  treasury 
stock,  $400,000;  offlce,  Olympia,  Wash.      President,  T.  N.  Allen;  secretary 

THE  GOLD  BAR  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $300.- 
000;  office,  rooms  23  to  26  Haller  building,  Seattle;  property,  Gold  Bar,  Little 
Diamond,  Homeward  Bound,  Silver  Creek  district,  Snohomish  county, 
Washington.  President,  Franklin  Bedford,  Chicago;  secretary,  J.  W. 
Crawford,  Minneapolis;  vice  president,  J.  O.  Robinson,  Seattle;  trustees, 
Judson  C.  Hubbard,  William  E.  Smith. 

THE  HAMILTON  GOLD  &  COPPPm  MINING  CO.-Capital  stock,  1,000,000 
shares,  pu"*  value  $1  per  share;  treasury  stock,  350,000  shares;  offlce,  217 
Columbia  street,  Seattle;  property,  at  Hamilton,  Skagit  county,  Washing- 
ton. President,  W.  P.  Stanley;  secretary,.  F.  H.  Browning;  trustees,  W.  P. 
Stanley,  Capt.  W.  Clark,  F.  H.  Browning,  John  G.  Hunter,  C.  H.  Fuller, 
B.  Marshall,  C.  J.  Hessler. 

THE  IRON  HOPE  MINING  &  MILLING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $600,000;  treasury 
stock,  $260,000;  offlce,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property,  the  Iron  Hope  claims.  Trail 
Creek  district,  British  Columbia.  President,  Charles  O.  Scott;  secretary, 
W.  T.  Scott;  treasurer,  Salmon  Luuridson. 

THE  LONDON  GALENA  MINING  &  MILLING  CO.— Capital  stock,  2.000,000 
shares,  par  value  $1;  treasury  stock,  750,000  shares;  offlce,  217  Columbia 
street,  Seattle;  property,  fifteen  claims  in  Cascade  district,  Skagit  county, 
Washington.  President,  ^apt.  W.  Clark;  secretary,  F.  H.  Browning;  trus- 
tees, C.  D,  Chambers,  Capt.  W.  Clark,  John  Wlllard,  C.  H,  Puller,  W.  C. 
Keith,  C.  ■-".  Smith. 

THE  MARTIN  CREEK  MINING  CO.— Ciipital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock, 
$334,000;  offlce,  room  53,  Boston  block,  Seattle;  property,  seven  claims  near 
SUverton,  Wash.  President,  William  Frankfurt;  secretary  and  treasurer. 
H.  R.  Cllsc. 

THE  MONARCH  GOLD  &  SILVER  MINING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $1,000,000; 
treasury  stock,  $."?00,000;  offlce,  217  Columbia  street;  property.  Monarch  No.  1 
and  Monarch  No.  2,  Granite  Mounialn  mining  district,  Miller  river.  Presi- 
dent, W.  M.  Wilson:  secretary  and  treasurer,  F.  H.  Browning;  trustees,  C. 
B.  Hill,  B.  W.  Padley,  V.  L.  Bevington,  J.  M.  Layhue,  F.  H.  Browning. 

THE  PITTSBURG  MINING  &  OPERATIVE  CO.— Capital  stock,  $2^,000- 
treasury  stock,  $60;  offlce,  room  20S  Pioneer  building,  Seattle,  Wash.;  prop- 
erty, a  placer  claim  on  the  Wenatchee  river  near  Peshastln.  President, 
William  Keene;  secretary,  W.  W.  RadcMffe;  treasurer,  E.  G.  Jackson - 
trustees.  William  Keene,  W.  W.  RadcUffe,  E.  J.  Jackson  and  A.  Q.  Jackson 

THE  ROBINSON  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock.  $600,000;  treasury  stock,  $100,000; 
offloe,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property,  three  claims  on  Cedar  river,  King  county, 
Washington.  Presld«>tit,  E.  B.  Robinson;  secretary  and  treasurer.  B.  L 
Drew. 

THE  TBNASKET  GOLD  MINING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $600,000,  non-assessable, 
$1  per  share;  treasury  stock,  $230,000;  offlce,  room  224  Bailey  building,  Seat- 
tle, Wash.;  property,  Andruss,  Okanogan  county;  Raymond,  Sparling,  Cur- 
lew district,  Stevens  county.  President,  Alfred  Raymond;  secretary  and 
treasurer,  Lawrence  Spear;  trustees,  Alfred  Raymond,  I<awrence  Spear 
and  William  P.  Watson. 

TSm  TSJBASURn  l«NINO  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $1,000,0M;  treasury  stook,  $aw,- 
006:  ofllMK  reoih  803  Bnrke  bulldlnv,  Seattle;  propcrtv,  Hoim  01m«,  Tmm- 


xli 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIB*IC    NORTHWMt. 


Iron  and  Brass  founders 
and  Machinists. 


Mannfactnrera  and  DeRlerM  la 

Mill  and  Nlnln^  Machinery, 

UlevaturN. 

Pumps  and  Pumping  Machinery, 

Air  ConipreHHurH, 

Saw  and  Shinfile  Machinery, 

HuIntinK  t^nKines. 

Raliwiy  Machinery  &  Supplies. 

steel  BenniB, 

Marine  and  Stationery  Engines, 

Propeller  WheelM. 


Am 


y/       STAMP  MILIiS, 
AL.L  KINDS 
ORB  OARS, 

ore:  skips, 


>  fj  PIT  CAHS, 

'Z.rsl  Z^  ORB  CRUSHMJRS, 

■         fiS  ORUSKING  ROia.9, 

■^  n\  OONCBNTRATORS, 

^  1;l  sijAG  oarts, 

v  "5  tramway*, 

a\  RKTORTS. 


\y 


Have  full  line  of  cold  rolled  steel  shafting,  cap  and  set  screws,  stud 
bolts,  rough  and  finished  nuts,  bolts,  journal  boxes,  set  collars,  pulleys,  re- 
torts, mortars,  etc.,  Ha%'e  14"xl4"xl4"  secondhand  air  compressor,  com- 
plete with  air  receiver,  complete  price ^ Ji^oO.OO 

Also   new  500-pound  five-  stamp  mill  In  stock $500.00 


KINKST     STOCK    OF   PATTKRNS    IN    THE    NORTH'WEST. 
Superior  in  Qualit)'.      Prompt     Shipment. 


Water  Front,  Bet.  Utiioti  and  University  Sts. 

Telephone  IMk<-  «(U.    1>.  O.  Hox  No.  3:U. 


TIN 
TOI 


SE4TTLE, 


WASHINGTON. 


Prices  lowest  coualntent  «vlth    repiituble   prodaetM    a»d    ou*t*mt 
rket  vala*:>. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


xill 


ure  Box,  Silver  Creflek  district,  Snohomish  county,  Washington.  Presi- 
dent, H.  R.  Cllse;  secretary  and  treasurer,  E.  P.  McAuUITe;  trustees,  H.  R. 
Cllse,  E.  F.  McAuliffe,  George  F.  Ward,  E.  Petronlo,  F.  A.  Ausman,  C. 
Ludewig,  G.  J.  Borgford,  WUiam  E.  Smith. 

TIN  MINE.— 26  governnent  mineral  claims,  setf  Cook  Kitchen,  this  directory. 

TOBIQUK  MINING  CO.-Capilal  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock.  $200,000; 
office.  Colonial  blocK,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property,  Monte  Crlsto  district;  sec- 
retary, F.  M.  Jordan. 

TRAIL  CREEK  MIDT^AND  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $1,000,000;  treasury 
stock,  $250,000;  princi)>al  office.  Spokane;  property,  Clara  group,  Red  Top 
mountain,  near  Northiiort.  I're.'^ident,  George  F.  Orchard.  Tacoma;  vine 
president  and  genera  I  innnaeer,  F.  J.  Monroe;  treasurer  and  trustee,  W. 
H.  Murray,  Seattle;  seoretarj',  I'.  A.  Morgan,  Seattle. 

TUESDAY  GOLD  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock.  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $2r>0.- 
000;  office.  Safe  Depo.'^it  building,  Seattle.  Wash.;  property,  Sunday.  Tues- 
day, Wednesday  and  Thursday  claims,  i:i  Squaw  creek,  Methow  district. 
President.  J.  G.  Hiake;  .secretary,  J.  G.  CoUon;  treasurer,  J.  li.  Powles. 

TUSCAN  GOLD  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock.  $1,000,000;  treasury  stock,  $300,000; 
office,  Haller  block;  property  in  Trail  ('reek  district,  British  Columbia. 
Presidents  Frank  A.  Pontius;  secretary,  I".  J.  Hardy. 

UNA  MINING  &  MILLING  CO.-Capltal  stock,  $1,200,000;  treasury  .stock, 
$240,000;  office.  619  Pioneer  block,  Seattle;  property,  Una  group,  Bryan 
group,  Santa  Fe  group,  total  of  28  claims  on  Red  Mountain  In  Leavenworth 
district.  President,  J.  T.  Ronald,  ex-mayor;  vice  president,  George  W. 
Hall,  ex-mayor:  secretary.  Robert  Llveslv. 

UNION  &  DOMINION  MINING  CO.— Capdiiil  stock.  $500,000;  treasury  stock. 
$2iiO,000;  offlre,  619  Pioneer  block,  Seattl.-.  Wash.;  property.  Union  and 
Dominion.  Negro  creek.  President,  M.  R.  Galloway;  secretary,  J.  T. 
Ronald;  treasurer.  George  W.  Hall. 

VAN  AND  A  COPPER  &  GOLD  CO.— Capital  stock.  $5,000,000;  treasury  stock, 
$3,000,000;  office.  108  La  Salle  street,  ChlcaKd,  111.,  613  Bailey  building,  Seattle, 
and  Victoria.  B.  C. ;  jjroperty,  Texada  I.^land.  British  Columbia,  774  acres 
crown  granted  land.  President,  Edward  Blewett;  secretary,  R.  D.  Hall; 
treasurer,  Harry  W.  Treat;  trustees,  Edward  Blewett,  Hon,  C.  E.  Pooley, 
Henry  Saunders,  C.  S.  Neras,  H.  W.  Trent. 

WHISKEY  HILL  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $5,000,000;  treasury  stock, 
$2,000,000;  office.  Ellensburg,  Wash.;  properly,  twenty  claims  and  tunnel  site 
on  Whisky  HIU  near  the  Okanogan  river.  Wanlcutt  Lake  district.  Presi- 
dent, Charles  H.  Flummerfelt;  secretary.  Martin  Cameron;  treasurer,  H. 
M.  Baldwin;  trustees,  Charles  H.  Flummerfelt,,  William  Lewis  and  Thomas 
Cody.  « 

WHITE  ROCK  GOLD  MINING  CO.— Capital  stock,  $2,000,000;  treasury  stock. 
300.000  shares;  office,  905  First  avenue,  Seattle,  Wash.;  property.  The  Ever- 
ett, Crescent  and  Swan,  one-eighth  interest  In  Fortuna,  16  to  1,  Ballard  and 
Mountain  View.  President,  A.  W.  Andorson;  vice  president,  F.  Wright; 
secretary,  O.  R.  Dahl;  treasurer,  A.  Grubb. 


Washington  . . .  . 

IWlNINC  BEaiSIRY. 


13 very  M^tilttg  Company  will  find  It  valuable 
to  bo  certified  to  by  the  registry. 


SEE  PULL  PAGE  ADVERTISEMENT  IN  THIS  BOOK. 


ERNEST  E.  IING.  Umi 


.  310.  311 


MINING    IN    TWK    PACIFIC    NORTMWBWT. 


308-310 

First  Av.  South, 

Seattle,  Wash. 


Mauufactnrvrs 
And  Dealers  Ifl 

Ninini 
And  Mill 
Machinery 


North  Mrester« 
Agents  for 


Ingersoil  Sergeant  Drill  Co., 

Pelton  Water  Wheel  Co., 

eOlD  KINCi  AMALGAMAfOR. 


Estimates  Made  on  Partial  or  Complete  Plants. 


CORRESPONDENCE  SOLlCniD. 


Lottg  Distance  Telephoao  Main  89* 


INDEX  TO  ADVERTISEMENTS. 


Page 
ASSAYERS  AND   OHEMISTS. 
Bogardus,  C.  E.,  Seattle,  Wash....  20 
Burkman,      A.      H.,  ,    Northport, 

Wash 8> 

Dewsnap,  S.  O.,  Methow,  Wash....  53 

Johnson,  A.  L..,  Seattle,  Wash 54 

Veil,  C.  H.,  Seattle,  Wash 26 

ATTOR.NBTS. 
Hubbart,  Judson  C,  Seattle,  Wash.    6 

Robertson,  F.  C.,  Spokane 40 

acott  &  Ellsworth,  Seattle,  Wash..  S2 

Wlnstock.  Melvln  O..  Seattle 38 

BANKS. 

Bank  of  British  North  America...  52 

CATERERS. 

Alladlo,  P.,  Spokane,  Wash 20 

McKee, 'W.  E.,  Seattle 40 

CIVIL.  AND  MINING  ENGINEERS. 
Brown,  Webster,  Seattle,  Wash....  44 
Buck  &  Bouillon.  Rossland,  B.  C.  36 

Croft,  Henry,  Rossland.  B.  C 

Inside  front  cover 

Gardner,  Albro.  Seattle,  Wash 44 

Wise,    J.   H.,   Seattle 4 

DETECTIVES. 

West  &  SurrA'.  Seattle.  Wash 26 

FURRIERS. 

Petkovlts,  R..  Seattle.  Wash 28 

GOI..D-BUYERS. 
Mayer,    Joseph    &    Bros.,    Seattle. 

Wash 54 

MACHINHRT. 
Chrome    Steel    Works,    Brooklyn, 

N.  Y 26. 

Leffel,    James   &  Co.,    Sprlngifleld, 

0 42 

MItfhell.  Lewis  &  Staver  Co.,  Se- 
attle. Wash 14 

Moran  Bros.  Co..  Seattle.  Wash...    6 
Pel  ton    Water    Wheel    Co.,     San 

Francisco   44 

SIntz.  George,  Seattle,  Wash 4 

Vulcan  Iron    Works   Co.,   Seattle, 

Wash ,...12 

MINERS'  SUPPIilES. 
Adair,    Geo.    B.    &   Son,    Seattle, 

Wash 6 

Cooper  &  Levy.  Seattle,  Wash 1 

Seattle  Woolen  Mill  Co 44 

Washlnerton    Dental   &   Photogra- 
phic Sunnlv  Co..  Seattle 30 

MINING  BRAKERS. 

Call.  F.  J..  Everett,  Wash.. 6 

Clarke.    R.    R.    &    Co.,    Spokane, 

Wash 40 

Dier.    Davidson    A    Russell,    Vic- 
toria,  B.   C 8 

Douglas,    David    F.,     Vancouver, 

B.  C « 

Dougla.s.  C.  S..  Vancouver,  B.  C...  28 
Rnsel.  Edward  L.    Spattle,  Waah..    4 

T^^verett  Mining  Exchango  6 

Hflvden,    Wiley     &    Co.,    Seattle, 

Wash 48 

Tnnes.  F.  C.  Vancouver,  B.  C 1 

.Tohnson,  D.  C,  Everett.  Wash 6 

Jones.     Allayne     A,,     Vancouver, 

■pQ  _      _  gg 

Mc^onlhe.  l!  '  F. .  Roslyn!  Wa  ah . . .  3? 

Norman,      S.      &     Co.,    Spokane,     i 

Wash Baok  of  title  pace 


mice 

Pnpet    Mining    &    Brokerage    Co., 

Seattle,  Wash 82 

Rand  Bros.,  Vancouver,  B.  C 16 

Rand  &  Wallbrldge,  Sandon,  B.  C.  16 
RecUlln-Jaokson   Company,    Limit- 
ed, Rossland,  B.   C 24 

Scott,    George    D..  •  Victoria    and 

Vancouver,  B.  C 6 

Sidney,  M.,  Tacoma,  Wash 6 

Sparkman,  J.  M..  Seattle,  Wash...  82 
Taggart,  F.  S..  Vancouver,  B.  C...  4 
Thompson,  W.  T..  Midway,  B.  C.  26 
Walling  &  Tozier,  Seattle,  Wash..  4 
Walters   Co.,   Ltd.    Ly.,   Rossland, 

B.   C 19 

MLNfTNG    COMPANIES. 
Arizona  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Seattle.    2 
Bald  Fagle  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Seat- 
tle, Wash 4 

Canadian    Gold    Fields   Siyiidicate, 

Ltd.,   Rossland.  B,  C 18 

Cascade   Development   Co.,    Ever- 
ett, Wa.'ih 40 

Co-operative     Mining     Syndicate, 

Seattle,  Wash 17-and  18 

45  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,  Ever- 
ett, W^ash M 

Gold'  Mountain  Mining  Co.,   Seat- 
tle. Wash S 

M.Trletta      Mining      Co.,     Everett, 

Wash 40 

Syndicate  Gold  Mining  Co.,   Seat- 
tle, Wash 4 

Van    Anda    Copper    &    Gold    Co., 

Chicago.  Seattle  and  Victoria 40 

Wa.shinpton  Mining  Registry.   Se- 
attle.  Wash IS  and  4C 

NEWSPAPERS    AND     MINING 
PUBLICATIONS. 
Engineering    &    Mining    Journal, 

New*  York  M 

Fllley    &    Ogden's    Mining    Laws, 

Grand  Forks,  B.  C BO 

Mining,  Spokane,  Wash 48 

M'ninp    &    Scientific    Press,    San 

Francisco   80 

Post-IntelHgencer,   Seattle.    Wash. 

TnsldQ  back  cover 

Seattle     Mining    Herald,     Seattle,  ■ 

Wash 42 

Shaw-<Borden  Co..  Spokane.  Wash.  49 
Washington  MlnVng  Journal,  Seat- 
tle. Wash 40 

REAL  ESTATE. 
Gaston    *    Johnson.    Rossland,   B. 

C,  and  Seattle,  Wash 

Outside  back  cover 

Livermore.      C.      B.,     Wenatchee, 

Wash » 

Thompson.  Ross,  Roesland.  B.  C...  Bl 
Whitton,   W.    R..    *    Parker  Mc- 

Kenzie.  Rllverton.  Wash 10 

STENOGP  \PHEIIS. 
Sands.  Annie  M.,  Seattle.  Wash...  40 
Wilson  ft  WatVins,  Seattle.  Wash.  26 

TRA.NS.POPT  A  TTON  T.;IN:QS. 
Central       Washington       Railroad, 

Spokane.  Wash 80 

■Citv  Off  Ellen^burg.  steamer  10 

Everett  &  Monte  Cristo  iRollway..  63 
Northern  PadHo  Railwar  W 


wmmm^m 


■H 


snm 


,: 


I'l  i 


MINING     IN    THE    PACIFH'    NORTH  WKST. 


zv 


C.   D.   RAND, 
D.S.lVAl.I.HRIDt 


I  O.   D.   RAND,  ,  -,  _    M 

iEJ  ^"*«"'  ■•  *'•  K.   B.   RAND,  ^  Vanco«T.r.  ■.  O. 


The  Rich  Slocan 


Fifty-tive  mines  have  shipped  ore  from  the 
Slocan  since  Dec.  1,  1896,  and  the  value  from 
customs  returns  is  our  stronj^est  argument. 

We  deal  in  Mines,  Mining  Claims  and  all 
Legitimate  Stocks. 

We  Guarantee  to  Sell  Stocks  at  the  Same  Rates  as 
Though  Purchasers  Were  on  the  Ground. 

Sandon  is  the  commercial  center  for  the 
Slocan,  and  the  banks  of  British  North  America 
and  British  Columbia  are  established  there. 

Send  your  orders  to  us  and  your  money  to 
the  banks,  to  be  paid  over  by  them  in  exchange 
for  stocks  or  bills  of  sale  of  mining  properties. 

Dividend  paying  stocks  a  specialty. 

Properties  in  all  parts  of  the  province 
bought  and  sold  on  commission. 

Ask  any  prominent  business  man  or  any  of 
the  chartered  banks  about  us. 


Miiii[iijiiie[i[s,siiiiiij.ii. 


XT 

r«r,  B.  C. 


n 


m  the 
!   from 

lid  all 

ates  as 

or  the 

nerica 

•e. 

aey  to 

ihange 

rties. 

ovincc 

my  of 


WASI 

AND  THE  5( 

BRITISH 

MINING  DISTRIC 

Prepared  Fr( 
an 

WEB! 

caviL  A^ 

SEATTLl 


^ 


CLALLAM 


w 


W' 


WASHINGTON 


AND  THE  SOUTHERN  PORTiON  OF 


RITISH    COLUMBIA. 


w 


I  SHOWING 

-MINING  DJSTRICTS  and  LINES  OF  TRAVEL. 


Prepared  From  the  Latest  Official  Data 
and  Other  Sources. 

BY 


WEBSTER    BROWN      ««^4^ 

OTTIL  AND  MININO  ENCHNEEB 

SEATTLE,  WASHINGTON. 

MARCH. 

189X 


ov. 


uLLOomr  L 


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I  Af  horof 


ttsrt  c«> 


CLALUM 


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Mou  it  Verno(i> 


Cf  4L?i«K.^  rllngton 


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CLALUM 


M    ly^-     JEFFERSONii 


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aOALM  OF  MILgm 


mmFmmmNom 

17.  8.  LAHD  OFFICBS 

County  Seats 


«M»^V»  HARh 


WILLAPA  HAffdb^ 


\f^m/,^ 


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INTBRNATIONAL  mOUNDAHV-^ 

mrATK   mOUNOAKV ._.. 

COUNTY    BOUNDART ....  .i_.. 

ItAILWAYm         »■ 

WAOON ' 

THAILB-' 


ttAILWAYa  INDIOATKD  BY  INITIAL* 

BeUingham  Bar  Ac  British  Dolumtattt 

Seattle  it  Internationa'' 

Everett  dc  Monte  Oristo 

Northern  P«x)iflo 

Port  Townsend  Sonthen 

Spokane  Falls  it  Northern 

Kelson  ft  Fort  Shepherd 

Colnmbia  dc  Western 

Bed  Mountain  Railway 

Colnmbia  ^  Kootenay 

Canadian  PaoiiJc 

Central  Washington        /iT^ 


C.  Disappoint  mem 


,  \ 


WAHKIAKUM 

g).^^»T|£  CajtWamet 
Astoria 


Av^^ 


COWtf 


liMNa  IN  THt  PACIFIC  NORTHWEST. 


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fe^'^^^^^I'I  ^q^^ 


;;:-::;.»■. *M" 


VSpitL^I 


MINING 


IN  THE 


Pacific  Northwest 


A  COMPLETE  REVIEW  OF  THE  MINERAL 

RESOURCES  OF  WASHINGTON 

AND  BRITISH  COLUMBIA 


WITH   MAPS 


Edited  by  L  K.  Hodges 


^!^~" 


THfe'P^ST- INTELLIGENCER 

SEATTLE,  WASHINGTON 
li97 


I  l^ii  ^^p^    tV*     *V*    ^^r*     ^^P*     ^V*     '^T'    '^P'     ^^r*    *^*     '^P'     ^ 

T 
t 
T 


•^ 


i'f 


4^ 


Bedford  McNeil  and  Clonvh 
Telegraphic  Addrea*,  "NORMAN." 


f\V 


Co 
uu 


Memners  Spokane  and  Ro»fl]aii(l 
Stock  Exchatiges. 


Do  a  (ieueral  Mining  Bro^^eiaite  B""Hlnes9 
iA  Slocan,  Trail  Creek,  Oka>"~ 
ogan  and  Other  Stocks. 


4^  Mining  and  Stock  Brokeis. 

I 

f.      SLOCAN-RECIPROCiTY  IIIININ6  CO..  Slocan. 
?  ST.  MEVERNE  NININ6  CO..  Slocan, 

ARUN6110N  NmiN6  CO.,  Stocao. 


SXCliUSIVE  AOKNT8. 


4 


^:p'Sf*^2jf,^:!lf*^^ 


PREFACE. 


The  enterprise  of  the  Seattle  Post-Intellljfencer  in  sending  the  writer  on  a 
tour  of  the  mining  districts  of  the  Paciflc  Northwest  called  forth  such  general 
commendation  and  the  articles  published  in  the  course  of  that  tour  aroused 
such  wide  interest  as  to  suggest  the  advisability  of  republishing  them  in  book 
form,  Such  a  publication  was  recpmmended  by  many  readers  of  the  Post- 
Intelligencer,  who  desirad  to  have  them  In  convenient  form  for  reference. 
The  canvass  for  subscriptions  abundantly  proved  that  a  demand  for  such  a 
work  existed  and  the  present  volume  is  the  result. 

The  purpose  has  been  to  give  in  a  succinct  form  and  with  moderation  of 
statement  a  description  of  each  mining  district  in  "Washington  and  in  South- 
ern British  Columt'a,  following  a  general  description  of  each  district  with  a 
description  of  each  mine  and  the  more  important  prospects  in  that  district. 
The  original  plan  was  to  revise  the  articles  and  add  to  them  articles  on  the 
more  J'.iportant  districts  which  were  not  on  the  writer's  itinerary,  with  a 
map  to  illustrate  each  district.  It  has  been  found  necessary  to  enlarge  the 
scope  of  the  work  to  such  an  extent  that  the  original  matter  has  been  almost 
entirely  rewritten  and  much  more  has  been  added  than  was  at  flrst  contem- 
plated. This  has  required  a  much  longer  time  than  was  estimated,  but  the 
public  would  rather  endure  such  delay  than  be  presented  with  a  hastily  pre- 
pared and  glaringly  incomplete  work.  Kven  now  It  has  been  found  impossible 
to  do  full  justice  to  some  districts,  without  further  unduly  delaying  pub- 
lication. 

It  can  safely  be  said  that  this  is  the  first  attempt  to  describe  with  any  ap- 
proach to  thoro'ighnass  the  mineral  resources  of  this  section  and  to  tell  vn  at 
has  been  done  to  develop  them.  The  aim  has  been  to  collate  information  on 
the  subject  from  the  most  reliable  sources  available  and  to  mass  the  mateilal 
facts  without  p.ny  exaggeration  or  verbal  flourishes,  leaving  them  generally 
to  tell  their  own  story.  How  far  this  aim  has  been  attained,  it  is  for  the 
reader  to  Judge.  The  articles  on  the  Trail  Creek,  Slocan,  Nelson  and  Ains- 
worth  Distrfcts  are  mainly  coni?ensed  from  the  recent  reports  of  W.  A. 
Carlyle,  Provincial  Mineralogist  of  British  Columbia. 

An  Important  ieature  of  the  work  is  the  maps.  By  studying  the  large 
map  in  connection  with  the  small  district  maps,  It  will  be  possible  to  ascertain 
the  rout©  lr.to  any  district  and  the  location  of  a  mining  property  In  that 
district.  The  maps  do  not  profess  to  show  aJ'.  the  claims  or  to  be  free  from 
inaccuracies.  It  would  have  been  impossible  to  make  them  so  without  a 
survey  and  a  larger  expenditure  than  was  warranted.  But  it  can  be  said 
without  fear  of  contradiction  that  this  volume  contams  a  more  complete  set 
of  detailed  maps  than  has  yet  been  published  and  that  the  large  map  contains 
a  mass  of  valuable  information  which  has  naver  yet  reached  the  public. 

Some  desire  has  been  exprtjsscd  that  this  volume  should  include  the 
descriptions  of  the  country  traversed  by  the  writer  in  the  course  of  his  tour, 
which  formed  a  part  of  the  articles  in  <  he  Post-lntelllgencer.  This  was  con- 
sidered beyond  the  scope  of  a  work  designed  to  deal  with  mining  exclusively 
and  would  have  unduly  increased  the  bulk  of  the  oook.  All  such  matter  has 
therefore  been  osiltted  and  these  pages  have  been  devoted  only  to  the  purpose 
Indicated  by  the  title. 

For  valuable  a!d  In  preparing  both  the  reading  matter  and  the  maps,  the 
publishers  are  Indebted  to  the  officers  of  the  s'ate  of  Washington  and  the 
Provlnoe  of  British  Columbia,  to  lh«i  United  States  Surveyor  Oeneral,  and  to 
many  private  indtvlduats.  Tht.no  latter  are  so  numerous  ajid  have  all  taken 
•o  d«dp  an  (ntenat  in  the  undertaking,  that  It  would  b«  tmpraotloable  t*  nam* 


4  MINING    IN    THB    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 

them  all  and  to  single  out  a  few  would  be  Invidious.   The  publishers  therefore 
take  this  means  of  thanking  them,  one  and  all. 

We  believe  that  this  work  will  be  instrumental  in  giving  the  people  of 
the  Pacific  Northwest  a  fuller  knowledge  of  the  mineral  wealth  with  which 
nature  has  blessed  them;  and  will  spread  such  knowledge  lar  and  wide.  We 
hope  that  It  will  also  aid  in  some  degree  In  promoting  the  development  of  that 
wealtli.  THE  BDITOR. 

JAAIES  D.  HOGE.  JR., 

L.  K.  HODGES, 

Publishers  and  Proprietors. 


♦♦♦#♦•♦#♦■♦•♦•♦•♦»» 


»ra  therefore 


^ 


le  people  of 
with  which 
wide.     We 

ment  of  that 

EBDITOR. 


INTRODUCTORY. 


''^'ij?.  ■     ^^^'' 


A  map  of  the  western  portion  of  tWe  United  States,  deslgrned  to  show  the 
mineral  belt,  would  twenty  years  ago  have  shown  "Washington  and  the  adjoin- 
ing section  of  British  Columbia  as  a  blank.  There  might  have  been  a  few 
spots,  such  as  the  Swauk.  Ruby  and  Sultan  placers  and  the  Peshastln  mines 
In  Washington,  the  Cariboo,  Rock  Creek  and  Wild  Horse  placers  In  British 
Columbia,  but  otherwise  this  whole  broad  stretch  of  country  would  have  been 
regarded  as  barren,  so  far  as  mineral  was  concerned.  During  those  twenty 
years  the  people  of  the  Pacific  Northwest  have  been  occupied  In  filling  in  that 
blank.  They  have  not  worked  continuously,  for  many  circumstances  have 
until  late  years  diverted  their  attention,  but  for  eight  years  past  they  have 
gradually  centered  their  energies  more  and  more  on  mining,  until  now  It  is 
their  one  absorbing  interest,  to  which  every  other  takes  a  subordinate  place. 
They  have  proved  what  has  been  repeatedly  dented,  that  the  mineral  belt 
extends  through  the  whole  breadth  of  Washington  and  British  Columbia,  and 
discovery  has  been  continually  pushed  northward  through  Alaska  to  the 
confines  of  the  frozen  ocean.  It  is  now  an  established  fact,  which  the  most 
pessimistic  skeptic  cannot  gainsay,  that  the  backbone  of  the  American  con- 
tinent, from  the  Arctic  Ocean  to  Tlerra  del  Fuego,  with  all  its  ribs  and  spurs, 
has  miner^  for  its  marrow.  This  mineral  is  of  every  kind,  precious  a/id  base, 
and  In  every  combination,  and  it  only  awaits  the  application  of  mans  genius 
and  industry  to  be  turned  to  his  uses. 

A  geological  survey  of  this  reglsn  as  a  whole  has  never  been  made,  at  least 
so  far  as  Washington  is  concerned,  British  Columbia  being  far  in  advance  in 
this  particular.  Thus,  what  is  known  on  the  subject  In  Washington  has  been 
learned  by  a  number  of  individuals,  each  of  whom  has  studied  a  particular 
Bcction  as  opportuaity  offered.  These  sources  of  information  have  established 
that  the  Cascade  Range  Is  mainly  built  of  granite,  syenite,  diorlte  and  kindred 
rocks.  Among  them  occur  broad  belts  of  gneiss,  schist,  elate,  shale  and 
sandstone  and  dikes  of  porphyry  and  limestone.  The  same  formation  extends 
eastward  through  the  Gold  Range  and  to  the  western  foothills  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  in  the  eastern  part  of  Washington  and  the  Selkirk  Range  in  the 
Kootenai  District  of  British  Columbia.  The  mineral  ledges  occur,  In  most 
Instances,  In  fissures  in  the  granite,  syenite,  diorlte  and  slate,  often  cutting 
through  several  of  these  locks,  but  are  also  in  cont-ct  tatween  two  of  them, 
or  between  one  of  the  granitic  rocks  and  a  dike  of  porphyry  or  limestone. 
Towards  the  eanl.  in  the  Gold  Range,  there  are  numerous  areas  in  which  the 
eruptive  rocks  have  burst  through  the  older  formation  and  in  the  latter  have 
caused  fissures,  which  have  either  been  filled  in  with  mineral-bearing  rock  or 
have  been  Impregnated  with  mineral  along  the  walls  of  the  cavities  thus 
created.  The  presence  of  one  of  these  ledges  Is  generally  indicated  by  a  heavy 
capping  of  oxidized  iron,  or  magnetic  iron,  cften  of  great  width  and  thickness. 
,  The  ores  of  this  section  are  almost  universally  base  and  of  low  grade. 
The  exceptions  are  the  silver-lead  belt  exten^ng  from  the  Slocan  District 
through  a  strip  of  Washington  eaot  of  the  Columbia  River  as  far  south  aa  the 
Spokane  River,  known  as  the  Colvllle  and  Cedar  Canyon  -Distrlots;  some 
ledges  on  Palmer  Mountain  which  carry  high-grade  silver  ore;  the  Slate 
Crcok  District,  where  high-grade  free  milling  gold  ore  has  been  followed  to 
some  depth.  Recent  development,  however,  has  shown  high-grade  silver  ores 
in  the  ailvi;rton,  Sultan,  Troubleaome,  Miller  River  and  Gold  Creek  Districts, 
the  values  h«ro  being  In  ruby  silver,  high  grade  gray  copper  and  brittle  ■llvar. 
and  the  CatcadM  promise  yet  to  giv«  birth  to  ■•▼Aral  hlgh-grada  oampa. 
Th*r«  ar«  other  i»ol«t«4  ln»tan«Mt  wh«r*  tb»  otm  art  rl«h  «Dettffb  to  b* 


BSff 


i% 


MININa    IN    THB    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


classed  as  high-grade,  and  the  cutting  of  ore  chutes  at  depth  In  some  oasM 
has  been  followed  by  such  satisfactory  Increase  In  value  aa  to  Justify  the 
hope  that,  as  development  proceeds  deeper,  hdgher  grade  ores  will  be  found. 

The  minerals  are  In  every  combination,  the  most  common  being  iron  and 
copper  pyrites,  arseno-pyrlte,  chalcopyrlte,  pyrrhotlte,  galena,  tetrahedrite  or 
gray  copper,  zinc  blende.  The  pyrltlc  ores  carry  gold  In  some  proportion 
almost  (ny'arlably,  with  a  few  ounces  of  silver,  and  often  carry  so  much 
copper  I  t^  rnake  that  metal  the  principal  element  of  value.  The  galena  is 
usually  r.  j.  .ver  where  the  ledges  are  small,  the  silver  value  decreasing 

in  inverse  cv  j  the  increased  size  of  the  ledge,  and  the  lead  value  ranges 
as  high  as  76  ,  .r  cent.,  while  such  ore  also  carries  a  few  dollars  per  ton  In 
gold.  Gray  copper  is  a  high-grade  silver  ore,  and  when  associated  with  Iron 
carries  a  good  gold  value,  and  shows  pockets  of  ruby  silver  and  brittle  silver 
of  high  value.  Silver  also  occurs  in  association  with  copper  in  some  districts, 
notably  about  Nelson,  British  Columbia,  and  in  the  form  of  chlorides,  bro- 
mides and  carbonates.  It  is  also  found  in  equal  value  with  gold  In  dry  ores, 
southward  from  the  Slocan  galena  belt.  Free  gold  is  often  found  on  the 
surface,  where  the  ore  has  been  ^abject  to  the  decomposing  influence  of  the 
air,  and  continues  in  decreasing  ratio  as  the  ore  bodies  are  *'>Uowed  down, 
but  with  increasing  depth  the  gold  is  found  more  and  more  in  iron  and  copper 
sulphides.  The  minerals  named  are  found  in  every  possible  combination, 
sometimes  one,  at  other  times  another  predominating. 

It  is  probable,  however,  that  the  developments  of  the  next  few  years  will 
give  copper  as  high  a  place  among  the  mineral  productions  of  Washington 
and  British  Columbia  as  it  occupies  in  Montana  and  Michigan.  A  study  of 
the  large  map,  in  connection  with  the  chapters  on  the  several  districts,  will 
show  the  reader  that  a  great  belt  of  gold-bearing  copper  oi'es  has  been  traced 
from  a  point  on  the  coast  200  miles  northwest  of  Vancouver,  British  Columbia, 
across  the  Skagit  Valley  between  Hamilton  and  Marble  Mount,  across  the 
Stillaguamish  east  and  west  of  Sllverton,  through  the  Sultan  Basin  and  Silver 
Creek,  through  the  Index  Range  of  mountains,  through  the  Miller  River  and 
Money  Creek  Districts,  across  the  Snoqualmie  and  Cedar  River  watersheds. 
Ores  of  like  nature  have  also  been  found  further  south!  along  the  western 
slope,  as  far  as  the  St.  Helens  District.  On  the  eastern  slope  like  bodies  of 
gold-bearing  copper  ore  have  been  found  in  Palmer  Mountain,  the  Methow, 
Chelan  and  Cle-Elum  Districts.  Further  east.  In  the  Gold  Range,  they  occur 
of  immense  size  in  the  Boundary  and  Trail  Creek  Districts  of  British  Columbia 
and  in  the  Colville  Reservation,  particularly  along  the  Kettle  River  and  Us 
tributaries.  The  ores  of  this  belt  are  copper  sulphides  In  various  forms,  in 
which  the  copper  contents  rarely  fall  below  5  per  cent,  and  are  commonly  over 
20  per  cent.,  frequently  rising  beyond  30  per  cent.  Bornlte  is  often  found  In 
bunches,  carrying  40  and  50  per  cent,  copper,  and  masses  of  native  copper 
weighing  as  much  as  1,000  pounds  have  at  times  been  encountered.  These 
copper  ores  invariably  carry  a  good  gold  value  and  often  a  few  ounces  of 
silver. 

The  ledges  In  this  region  have  a  gangue  of  quartz,  porphyry,  porphyritio 
quartz,  hotnblende  or  modifications  of  these  several  rocks,  and  in  the  Cascade 
Mountains  are  exposed  to  ouch  a  width  as  to  excite  even  the  most  phlegmatic 
miners  to  wonder.  Here  the  exposures  occur  along  steep  mountain-sides, 
which  have  been  plowed  dovsti  by  the  glaciers,  or  along  gulches,  of  which  the 
beds  are  the  ledges  and  the  walls  are  the  walls  of  those  ledges.  Nature  has 
done  the  surface  prospecting  in  these  cases.  Further  east.  In  the  foothills 
and  in  the  Gold  Range,  where  the  foimation  Is  covered  with  wash,  the 
exposures  are  not  as  continuous  but  are  often  extremely  large,  and  develop- 
ment has  been  rewarded  by  the  opening  of  some  ore  bodies  so  large  as  to  tax 
the  credulity  of  one  most  willing  to  believe. 

Mining  in  Washington  dates  back  to  the,  returning  tide  of  miners  from 
the  Cariboo  District  of  British  Columbia  in ,  the  early  W's.  They  wqlrked 
placers    on  Rock  Creek,  north  of  the  boundary,  kiid,  traveling  southward. 


IMNINO    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWMIT. 


TvashAd  gold  frofai  the  grarel  bam  of  th«  PMhaatln  and  Swaulc  CfmIm  tn 
Bastttrn  Waahlngion,  Ruby  Creek  and  the  Sultan  River  wen  of  the  Camsadei. 
The  flrHt  quartz  ledge  to  be  dlacovered,  so  ftir  a:s  records  go,  was  the  Culver, 
on  the  Peshastln,  where  the  town  of  Blewett  now  irtands.  This  mine,  after 
many  vicissitudes,  is  still  being  worked  and  its  product  Is  reduced  at  a  twenty- 
stamp  mill.  Then  mining  languished  until  the  early  80's,  when  the  first  dis- 
coveries of  silver  ore  were  made  In  the  Colvllle  district  and  a  few  prosi>ectorB 
strayed  up  the  Cle-Elum.  The  only  notable  discoveries '  lii  the  Interim  were 
near  the  sources  of  the  Snoqualmie,  where  immense  cropplngs  of  iron  ore 
beivime  known  as  the  Denny  and  Quye  iron  mines.  The  Denny  mines  have 
airt  ady  proved  to  be  copper,  and  development  may  yet  have  the  same  result 
on  the  Guye  mines. 

It  was  not  until  the  opening  of  Chief  Moses'  Reservation  In  1887  that  the 
mining  business  fairly  began  In  Washington,  and  in  the  same  year  the  flrst 
discoveries  were  made  in  the  Boundary  and  Trail  Creek  Districts  of  British 
Columbia.  Development  began  on  the  loW-grade  silver  ores  of  Salmon  River 
and  on  the  gold  and  silver  ores  of  Palmer  Mountain.  About  the  same  time 
prospectors  Invaded  the  Cascade  Range  on  all  sides  and  during  several  suc- 
ceeding years  discoveries  were  made  on  the  Cascade,  Methow,  at  Monte  Crlsto, 
on  Silver  Creek,  Miller  River,  Money  Cfeek,  the  Snoqualmie,  Summit  and 
other  districts.  A  decided  interest  in  mining  had  been '  awakened  and  it 
appeared  as  though  the  Industry  had  already  come  to  stay. 

But  the  first  flock  of  investors  was  doomed  to  failure,  mainly  through 
their  own  fault.  They  were  without  experience  in  mining,  for  Washington 
had  been  mainly  populated  by  farmers,  merchants,  manufacturers  and  pro- 
fessional men  from  the  Eastern  and  Middle  Western  States,  while  British 
Columbia  had  absorbed  a  similar  population  from  the  British  Isles  and 
Bastem  Canada.  The  working  people  were  generally  drawn  from  the  same 
sources.  This  was  not  a  mining  population,  for  it  knew  nothing  of  mining, 
having  always  turned  its  mind  Into  other  channels.  There  was  a  sprinkling 
of  old  miners  and  prospectors  from  California,  Colorado  and  other  mining 
states,  but  the  formation  was  new  to  them.  A  few  of  them  flung  aside 
precedent  and  boldly  proclaimed  the  mineral  wealth  of  the 'state  and  the 
adjoining  British  territory.  But  the  experts,  with  their  heiads  filled  with 
California  and  Colorado  precedents,  scoffed  at  them,  saying  that  the  ore  was 
too  base  and  low  grade  to  pay  for  treatment  and  that  the  formation  was  so 
broken  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  follow  any  ore  body  from  the  cropplngs 
to  any  considerable  depth.  The  moneyed  men  In  the  cities  were  absorbed  In 
real  estate  speculation  and  readily  voiced  the  unfavorable  opinions  of  the 
experts,  being  anxious  that  outside  Investments  should  gO  Into  their  own 
schemes  and  not  be  diverted  into  any  alluring  mining  ventures. 

Thus  the  first  men  to  make  known  the  mineral  wealth  of  the  Pacific 
Northwest  "caught  on"  In  only  a  limited  degree.  They  Induced  some  Invest- 
ments among  men  of  means  and  caused  quite  a  flurry  In  the  Salmon  River, 
Palmer  Mountain,  Cascade  and  Silver  Creek  Districts.  But  a  combination  of 
circumstances  forbade  success  at  that  time.  The  surface  free  gold  In  the 
ledges  on  Palmer  Mountain  led  to  the  belief  that  free  gold  would  continue 
indefinitely,  and  stamp  mills  were  built  without  concentrators  and  managed 
by  unskilled  mlllmen.  Wild  speculation  was  practiced  In  some  Instances  and 
there  were  not  lacking  evidences  of  fraud  in  others.  The  result  was  failure. 
As  ore  changed  from  free  milling  to  base,  a  larger  percentage  of  the  value 
was  lost  in  the  tailings.  Victims  of  fraud  loudly  dennune«d  the  mlnee  as 
worthless  and  others  took  up  the  cry  and  repeated  It  far  and  wide.  Tae  fall 
In  the  pi-ice  of  stiver  caused  a  suspension  of  work  In  the  low-grade  sliver 
mines  of  Salmon  River,  which  had  already  suffered  In  the  eyes  of  Investors 
from  two  abortive  attempts  at  reduction  of  the  ore.  Only  a  few  persons  held 
their  faith  In  the  Pacific  Northwest  as  a  mining  region  and  moot  of  them  were 
bankrupted  by  the  panic  or  the  collapse  df  their  m}nlng  yenttires;  Only  In  a 
lew  plaoesvwas  development  continued,  not;9,bly.among^whleh  Is.  Mont«  Crlsto. 
For  a  few  years  mining  languished  with  every  other  Industry.  - 


MINING    IN    THB    PACIFIC    NORTirVfTOPT. 


Three  districts  Were  notable  exceptions.  One  of  these  was  Slooan,  In 
British  Columbia,  where  the  ores,  although  almost  purely  silver-lead,  wew 
so  high  in  grade  that  they  could  be  profitably  m'.ned  under  the  most  adverse 
condition  of  the  metal  market.  Another  was  Monte  Crlsto.  whither  the 
railroad  was  completed  in  1893,  the  year  of  the  panic,  and  where  development 
was  prosecuted  and  machinery  installed  at  great  expense  as  though  there  had 
Uhmi  no  panic.  The  third  was  Trail  Creek,  where  the  famous  Le  Rol  and  War 
Eagle  mines  became  regular  shippers  in  1895  and  declared  their  first  dividend 

in  that  year. 

The  revival  of  mining  was  due  mainly  to  the  favorable  results  attained  In 
Slocan  and  Trail  Creek,  which  drew  attention  to  a  new  field  of  employment 
for  industry  and  capital.  Another  cause  which  contributed  largely  to  this 
revival  was  the  general  stagnation  In  other  lines  of  business,  which  had  driven 
thousands  out  of  business  or  employment  and  left  them  stranded  in  the  cities. 
By  a  common  impulse  many  of  them  took  to  the  mountains  and  became  pros- 
pectors. They  returned  to  their  former  homes  with  good  reports  of  what  they 
Imd  found  and  obtained  means  to  continue  work.  Thus  a  movement  was 
started  which  caused  the  renewed  operation  of  properties  long  neglected,  the 
development  of  new  ones  and  the  extension  of  discoveries.  The  opening  of 
dividend-paying  mines  in  the  Trail  Creek  and  Slocan  Districts  and  the  con- 
tinued improvement  shown  by  development  at  Monte  Crlsto  drew  the  attention 
of  the  investing  public  in  this  direction.  Large  Investments  were  made  in 
British  Columbia  by  capitalists  from  JBngland  and.Bastern  Canada  and  the 
stream  of  i'vestment  is  now  turning  to  Washington.  •  

The  Pacific  Northwest  can  offer  what  mining  investors  are  particularly '' 
seeking  at  present— immense  bodies  of  low-grade  ore.  Forty  or  fifty  feet  is  an 
ordinary  width  for  one  of  these  ledges  and  some  of  them  are  as  wide  as  200 
feet.  In  the  Cascade  Range  the  advantage  is  offered  of  ledges  exposed 
so  clearly  on  the  sides  of  steep  and  lofty  mountains  that;  they  can  be  opened 
at  great  depth  by  tunnels  running  into  the  mountain-side.  This  not  only 
.saves  the  additional  cost  of  sinking,  but  of  hoisting  machinery  and  pumps, 
for  it  affords  natural  drainage.  Throughout  the  whole  mineral  belt  in  ques- 
tion, not  only  in  the  Cascades,  but  In  the  Gold  Range,  innumerable  rapid 
streams  furnish  abundant  cheap  power  to  operate  mining  machinery  and 
reduction  plants.  The  presence  of  such  water-power  could  have  been  men- 
tioned truthfully  as  regards  nearly  every  mining  property  described  In  this 
volume,  but  it  would  have  been  a  wearisome  repetition.  This  general  state- 
ment suffices  to  cover  the  whole  field,  and  some  conception  can  be  formed  of 
the  greatness  of  the  advantage  by  comparison  with  the  low-grade  districts  of 
West  Australia  and  South  Africa,  where  no  water-power  exists. 

So  also  as  regards  timber.  The  valleys  and  foothills  west  of  the  Cascade 
summit  are  abundantly  clothed  with  fir,  cedar,  spruce  and  hemlock.  In  higher 
altitudes,  where  mines  are  often  opened,  there  is  a  smaller  growth  of  larch 
and  Alaska  cedar,  too  small  for  merchantable  timber,  bpt  large  enough  for 
mine  timbers  and  buildings.  On  the  eastern  slope  the  same  kinds  of  timber, 
of  great  size,  are  to  be  found  for  some  distance  from  the  summit.  When  the 
eastern  foothills  are  reached  the  high  ridgeg  p,nd  plateaus  and  the  upper 
benches  are  densely  clothed  with  pine  timber,  often  of  good  size.  The  same 
conditions  extend  through  the  Gold  Range  in  both  Washington  and  British 
Columbia,  except  that  in  many  of  the  valleys  and  panypns  there  occurs  a  large 
growth  of  cedar,  hemlock  and  other  timber,  together  with  the  pine.  The 
mining  claim  is  a  rare  exception  where  timber  for  all  purposes  cannot  be 
found  upon  its  surface  or  Immediately  adjacent. 

The  climate  of  the  Pacific  Northwest  is  peculiarly  agreeable  for  travel  and 
outdoor  work  In  summer.  West  of  the  Cascade  summit  spring  sets  in  early  In 
middle  of  June.  The  summer  in  that  section  is  not  extremely  hot  and  the 
nights  are  alwaysicool.  No  rain  fails  from  June  until  late  In  September  and 
the  equinoctial  storms  of  that  period  are  usually  followed  by  several  WMlu 
of  clear,  warm,  autumn  weather.     In  the  mountaia^  little  snow  falls  uniu 


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MONTE  CRISTO 

and  aOAT  LAKE, 


SNOHOMISH  COUNTY. 
WASHINGTON. 


OOAU    W    M^LBIn^ 


J» 


aOMTK  CB 

1.  Bed  Gulcit 
8.  Mosgnito 

8.  Ooid  Dust. 
4.  King. 

6.  Balsam. 

6.  Hawtborn 

7.  Black  R«fl 
&  Moontain 

9.  Fisher. 

11.  BannodL 

12.  Pavonia. 

13.  TwUigfat 

14.  Califomia 

15.  Orient, 
l^  Occident 
17.  Loeknood 
1&  Pennsylvi 

19.  Aurora. 

20.  Wyoming 
2t  Jonea. 
22.  Felton. 
23u  Seattle. 
24.  Franklin. 

26.  Prairie. 
26.Snnrise. 

27.  WastainffI 

28.  Emerson. 

29.  Sylvan. 

30.  Junction. 

31.  Seattle. 

32.  Condor. 

33.  0.  B.  Mill 

34.  Marble. 

35.  Two  B  8. 

36.  Jnanita.1 

37.  Keystone 

38.  IvastChai 

39.  Irene. 

40.  Silver  Bel 

41.  Red  Bint 

42.  Cascade* 

43.  Chinook. 

44.  Leroy, 

45.  Golden  Ei 
46«  Walsh. 

47.  Lieatenai 

48.  Captaia 

49.  Idalio. 
•a  Magglt 


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aONTK  cBism 

1.  B«d  Oalcli. 

8.  Mosgnito 

5.  Ooid  Dost. 
4.  iUng. 

6.  Balsam. 

6.  Hawtborne. 

7.  Black  B«ar. 

&  HoantainGoM. 

9.  Fisher. 

11.  Bannotk. 

12.  Pavooia. 

13.  TwUigbL 

14.  Californkk 

15.  Orient, 
l^  Occident 
17.  Loeknood. 
1&  Pennsylvaaia. 

19.  Aurora. 

20.  Wyoming. 
2t  Jonea. 

22.  Pelton. 

23.  Seattle. 

24.  Franklin. 

26.  Prairie. 
26.Snnri8e. 

27.  Wasbintcton. 

28.  Emerson. 

29.  Sylvan. 

30.  Junction. 

31.  Seattle. 

32.  Condor. 

33.  0.  B.  urn  %u 

34.  Marble;      ^ 

35.  Two  R  8. 

36.  Jnanita.1 

37.  Keystone  Ko.  t 

38.  I.astChanneNo.2. 

39.  Irene. 

40.  Silver  Bell. 

41.  Red  Blttf. 

42.  Cascade. 

43.  Chinook. 

44.  Leroy. 

45.  Golden  Eagle 
46«  Walsh. 

47.  Lieotenant. 

48.  Captain. 

49.  Idalio. 
•a  Maggit 


(1.  Doctor. 

52.  Murray. 

63.  Dandy. 

54.  Monte  Carla 

56.  Surprise. 

56.  Fn^  and  Bob. 

67.  Outlet 

58.  Wonder. 

59.  Copper  Princ& 

60.  Btud' Mountain. 
6L  Maud. 

62.  Milton. 

63.  Albion. 

64.  Spokane. 

65.  Apex. 

66.  Sunset 

67.  King. 

68.  Mario. 

69.  Last  Chance 

70.  Nettleton. 

71.  8.  A.  M. 

72.  Silver  Rose. 

73.  Humming  Bird. 

74.  Union. 

75.  Rattler. 

76.  Bunco. 

77.  Oliye  May. 
78:  Florence. 

79  Cosmopolitan. 
80:  Juno. 

81.  Arena 

82.  0.  ft  B 
88.  P.  AT. 

84.  Sauk  Lode. 

85.  F.  ct  M. 

86.  0.  ft  J. 

87.  Tobiquf 

88.  TallaBookk 

89.  Gold  Blossom. 

90.  Sunshine. 

91.  Cox  Placer. 

92.  Junction  Placer 

No.l. 

93.  Junction  Placer 

Ma  3. 

94.  Junction  Placer 

No.  2. 

95.  Blake  Plaecan 

96.  Ingress. 

97.  Bgress. 

98.  Canie  Aaderwn. 


99.  Mountaineer. 

100.  Ethel. 

101.  Annie  Laurie. 

102.  Bingo. 

103.  F.  B.  Dtvu. 

104.  Otego. 

iOGu  La^  of  the  Lake. 

106.  yster. 

107.  Silver  Tipi 

108.  Lake  Vievr. 

109.  Rainbow. 

110.  Jennie  D. 
HI.  Orphan  Boy. 
112.  Old  MorwMian. 
US.  Remnant  Pucer. 

114.  T^ee. 

115.  Mechanic. 

116.  Rainy. 

117.  Phoenix. 

119.  West  Seattle. 

120.  pin^ 
12L  Pinto. 
122.*  Mexican. 
123.  0X9. 
124  Waverly. 

125.  Rainbow. 

126.  June. 

127.  Eagle's  Nest 
12&  Eyiie. 

129.  Artisan. 
181.  Neptune. 

132.  Utopian. 

133.  Gothic 

134.  Hydra. 
185.  Whistler. 

136.  Tuscola. 

137.  Eureka. 
1S8.  Puriier. 

139.  Phila 

140.  Pica. 

141.  Keystone. 

142.  Central  Fracboa 

143.  Rantonl. 

144.  Merchant 

145.  •Inna. 
146  Thomaft 

147.  Clara. 

148.  Baltic 

149.  Mystery. 

150.  Potomac. 


151.  asblngton. 

152.  ( idet 

153.  i  ride- of  the  Wooda 
154  {  ide  of  the  Monn- 

tains. 
156. 1  ffhty-ninei 
156. 1  X.  L 
157. !  de  Line. 
158.1  amiigan. 
151K I  tra  J. 
160.1  \&K 

161.  i  ax 

162.  ir& 

163.  ( ilore 
164.!  IverTip. 
165. !  lowflake. 
166. 1  )odle  Dog. 

167.  irror. 

168.  illameda. 

169.  loDntain  Maid. 

170.  irgonaat 

171.  fpo, 
172. .  Ipha. 
173.  (  nega. 
174. 1  annah. 
175. 1  Ob  Boy. 
176. 1  mma  Moore 
177. 1  Dcle  8aat 
178.  C  flcier. 

179. 1  opefbL 
180.  (met 
18L  N  »tor. 
182, 1  onte  Crista 

183.  i  licante 

184.  J  merican. 

185.  ( oida. 
186. '  4. 
187. "  5. 
18a "  6. 
189. 1  anger. 
190. 1:  BntineL 

191.  CDngrese 

192.  £  Buate 

193.  Sommit 

194.  Ibex  Na& 

195.  Ibex  M.  h 
196., Iron  Town 
197.  Iron  Dale 
lf»8.  Iron  Clad. 
199.  Ironton. 


mi.  Iron  Crown. 
SOL' boA  Knight 
2031  boB  Van. 
209.  TtUean. 
204.  Iron  Age 
206.  Iron  Cap. 

206.  Iron  Qneen. 

207.  Iron  King. 

208.  Iron  Hat 

209.  Iron  Mask. 

210.  Fourth  of  July. 

211.  Iron  Prince 

a,  b.  r,  etc  Mill  Sites 

GOAT  LAKK. 

1.  Great  Western. 

2.  Washingtoa 
8.  Lola  Montee 
6.  Mexican, 

6.  Nav&ho. 

7.  Gloiy  of  the  Moon- 

tains./ 

8.  Sutter. 

9.  Union. 

10.  Nevada, 
n.  Baltimore. 

12.  Republican. 

13.  Eldorada 

14.  WaterfaU. 

15.  Black  Jack. 

16.  Golden  Star. 

17.  Little  Giant 

18.  Bon-Ton. 

19.  WUd  Goat. 

20.  Alama 

21.  San  Francisco. 

22.  Sacramenta 

23.  Sunset 

24.  Blue  Rock. 
26.*Beaver. 

26.  GroiA  Western. 

27.  Ide 

iH.  Three  Star. 

29.  Cornwall  Na  4 

30.  Cornwall. 

:^1.  Monticello  No.  3 

32.  MoutleeUo  Ho.  2. 

33.  MonticeUa 

34.  Teller. 
,i35.  Penn  Co. 

M.  Penn  Co. 


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MINTNO    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


April,  rainstorms  grow  less  trequent  until  they  cease  altogether  about  the 
December,  but  from  that  time  forward  the  snowfall  la  heavy.  The  snow  ha** 
usually  dlsaprM^ared  from  the  mountains  by  the  middle  of  May,  except  at  great 
altitudes  and  In  deep  gulches  where  It  has  piled  up  In  slides.  East  of  the 
Cascades  the  nlr  Is  dry  and  exhilarating  the  year  around  and,  though  the  heat 
is  sometimes  Intense  In  summer.  It  does  not  produce  that  feeling  of  chronic 
lassitude  experienced  In  the  moist  atmosphere  of  the  Eastern  States.  The 
nights,  too.  are  alwrys  cool,  permitting  of  sound  sleep,  which  prepares  one  to 
endure  severe  exertion  In  extreme  heat.  Spring  sets  In  during  April,  the 
bunchgrnss  springs  up  as  fast  as  the  snow  goes,  and  this  rich  food  for  horses, 
everywhere  found  In  the  open  country,  makes  It  a  prospector's  paradise. 
There  are  no  thunderstorms  or  tornadoes  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  so 
that  a  man  need  burrow  into  the  ground  only  In  search  of  wealth.  There  are 
no  venomous  snakes  west  of  the  Cascades,  but  rattlesnakes  abound  in  some 
places  east  of  that  range.  On  the  other  hand,  small  game  and  fish  can  be 
found  almost  anywhere  and  large  game  Is  to  be  had  for  the  hunting. 

While  many  districts  are  remote  from  railroads,  preparations  are  on  foot 
for  extensions  v/hlch  will  largely  remedy  this  defect.  The  Columbia  and 
Okanogan  Valleys  form  a  natural  route  for  the  Great  Northern  to  tap  the 
whole  of  Okanogan  County  with  a  branch  from  Wenatchee.  unless  the  Central 
Washington  should  first  occupy  the  field  wl^h  an  extension  from  Coulee  City 
by  way  of  WatervlUe  and  Orondo,  as  It  now  contemplates.  The  Seattle  & 
International  Is  well  situated  to  occupy  the  Snoqualmle  and  Cedar  River 
Districts  with  branches  whenever  developments  hold  out  prospect  of  remu- 
nerative traffic,  and  it  can  also  tap  the  White  Horse  District  by  a  branch 
along  the  north  fork  of  the  Stlllaguamlsh.  The  Seattle  &  Northern  already 
has  the  traffic  of  the  Skagit  copper  belt  secured  and  can  be  extended  up  the 
Skagit  and  Cascade  Rivers  at  moderate  cost.  The  Great  worthern  can  draw 
the  traffic  of  the  Sliver  Creek  and  Index  Districts  by  building  a  branch  up  the 
Skykomlsh  north  fork.  The  fast  developing  wealth  of  the  Colvllle  Reservation 
has  already  Induced  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  to  survey  a  line  up  the 
Kettle  River,  which  may  be  partly  In  United  States  and  partly  In  British 
territory.  The  advantage  of  having  Its  main  line  run  through  the  heart  of 
the  rich  Kootenai  District,  added  to  the  manifold  advantages  of  having  a 
more  direct  southern  route  through  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  of  developing 
the  rich  coal  fields  on  that  route,  has  Induced  the  .Canadian  Pacific  to  prepare 
for  the  construction  of  a  line  through  the  Crow's  Nest  Pass  this  season.  A 
line  Is  now  under  construction  from  Slocan  City,  at  the  foot  of  Slocan  Lake, 
to  Slocan  Crossing  on  the  Kootenai  River,  where  It  will  connect  with  the 
Columbia  &  Kootenai  branch  of  the  Canadian  Pacific.  This  will  form  a  link 
In  the  connection  between  the  old  and  new  rr  ,.  Ine.  F.  August  Heinze  Is 
now  extending  the  Columbia  &  Western  up  V  '•  umbla  River  from  Trail  to 
Robson  and  has  raised  funds  for  a  further  extension  through  the  Boundary 
Creek  District  to  Pentlcton,  connecting  with  the  Canadian  Pacific  steamer 
on  Okanogan  Lake. 

The  first  requisite  for  the  development  of  a  mining  district  Is  a  wagon  road. 
The  first  prospectors  blaze  a  trail  and  the  next  flight  of  newcomers  aids  them 
to  cut  it  out  and  make  It  plain  and  passable.  This  ds  as  much  as  they  should 
be  expected  to  ^o  at  their  own  expense.  The  county  should  follow  up  their 
work  by  cutting  a  good  horse  trail  Into  any  new  district  which  gives  promise 
of  development,  and  when  that  development  has  assumed  Important  dimen- 
sions find  holds  forth  an  early  prospect  of  regular  production  the  trail  should 
be  transformed  Into  a  wagon  road.  In  this  manner  lines  of  travel  and  trans- 
portation would  be  continually  Improved  to  keep  pace  with  the  progress  of 
development. 

The  Province  of  Brliish  Columbia  has  set  a  good  example  In  this  respect, 
which  Washington  Is  only  now  beginning  *^o  imitate.  It  has  built  a  main 
trunk  road  from  Pentlcton  through  Camp  McKlnney,  Midway,  Greenwood, 
Anaconda  and  Carson  to  Grand  Forks,  a  distance  of  110  miles,  connecting  at 
the  latter  point  with  the  Kettle  River  roads  to  Marcus  and  Bossburg.  on  the 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  Railroad.  It  has  also  built  roads  In  the  Kootenai 
country  wherever  they  would  reaoh  a  large  enough  group  of  claims  to  warrant 
the  expense.  Shorter  roads  In  Boundary  Creek  have  l)een  built  In  several  di- 
rections at  the  private  expense  of  Robert  Wood,  owner  of  the  town  of  Green- 
wood. The  State  of  Washington  has  made  a  beginning  In  this  direction  by 
eonatructing  a  home  trail  from  the  mouth  of  the  Twlap,  over  the  TWl«p  and 


M  IflNIKO    IN    THB    PACIFIC    NORTHWBBT. 

CatesA*  P«AMa  t«  the  mouth  of  the  Cascade  River,  thus  oonnootinc  the  oounty 
road  ByvtWBB  of  lOaetern  and  Western  Washington.  It  han  also  conatnieted  a 
road  anron  the  Colvllle  Reservation,  except  for  a  short  aai^,  which  will  be 
cloned  by  an  appropriation  made  at  the  laat  aeaeton.  Approprlatlona  have 
also  been  made  for  a  road  from  Wenatchee  up  the  Columbia  River  to  Ivea  and 
for  the  wldenlntr  of  the  trail  to  a  wagon  road  betwean  the  mouth  of  the  Twlap 
and  North  Creek,  and  between  Marble  Mount  and  Qllbert's  Camp,  near  the 
head  of  the  Cascade  River,  leaving  the  remainder  of  the  trail  to  be  widened 
later. 

Unlike  their  earlier,  less  careful  and  therefore  less  successful  predecesaors, 
the  present  Investors  In  mines  In  the  Pacific  Northweat  are  fully  alive  to 
the  necessity  of  modern  economical  procesaea  of  reduction,  carefully  and 
skillfully  managed,  for  the  extraction  of  the  value  from  the  ores.  Stamp 
mills  are  now  seconded  by  concentrators  and  slime  tables.  The  employment 
of  a  skilled  mlllman  Is  admitted  to  be  one  of  the  conditions  of  aucoeaa.  The 
oyanldo  process  has  been  applied  with  o  large  degree  of  aucceaa  at  one 
mino  and  a  plant  erected  last  scaaon  nt  anothor,  will  bo  put  In  operation  thla 
year.  Experiments  are  continually  made  with  new  processes  of  reduction, 
from  among  which.  It  la  hoped,  one  will  bo  evolved  -apable  of  cheap  applica- 
tion on  the  mine  ground.  Meanwhile  the  bulk  o  3  ore  produced  Koea  to 
the  smelters  at  Everett  and  Tscoma.  Wrsh.;  T  S^elson  and  Pilot  Bay, 

K.    C.      Coke   for  (lux   Is  produceci   at  the  Fair'  and   Wllkeaon  mine*. 

Washington,  and  ai  Nanalmo,  B.  C.  Coal  In  large  quantities  is  produced  at 
Newcastle,  Franklin,  Plack  L'lamond,  Oilman,  Ronton  and  Danville,  In  King 
county;  Wllkeson,  Carbonmlo,  Pittsburg,  In  Pierce  county;  Roslyn  and  Cle- 
Elum,  In  Kittitas  county;  Blue  Ca  lyon.  In  Whatcom  county;  and  Fairhaven 
mine,  in  Skagit  county,  WasnInGton:  at  Nanalmo,  Wellington  and  Coraox, 
P.  C.  New  discoveries  have  been  mado  on  Day  Creek,  Skagit  county;  the 
Skykomleh  River,  KJng  county;  Camas  Prairie,  Kittitas  county;  on  Chum- 
atlck  ("reek,  Okanogan  county;  also  on  Rock  Creek,  Britiah  Columbia. 

It  is  a  trite,  but  by  no  means  true,  saying  that  mining  is  a  gamble.  It  la 
only  a  gamble  when  a  man  unfamiliar  with  the  business  buys  property  he 
has  never  seen  or  of  which  he  does  not  know  the  value.  It  la  not  a  gamble 
if  entered  upon  on  business  principles,  with  a  full  knowledge  of  what  is  belny 
bought,  obtained  either  by  personal  inspection  or  through  the  report  of  a 
reliable  mining  engineer.  _  There  is  no  more  reason  why  a  man  should  buy 
"a  pig  In  a  poke"  in  the  tnlning  business  than  In  any  other  buaineas.  If  he 
does  so  and  finds  that  he  has  not  bought  a  pljj  but  some  other  animal,  he 
must  not  blame  the  mining  business,  but  bis  own  unbusinesslike  manner  of 
engaging  in  it. 

One  result  of  the  great  size  of  the  ore  bodies  In  this  section  of  the  country 
has  been  the  necessity  of  large  amoilnts  of  capital  to  carry  on  the  prelimin- 
ary work  of  prospecting  and  make  such  a  showing  of  mineral  as  will  put  the 
claims  In  a  salable  condition.  The  locators  of  claims  rartely  havlnflr  the 
necessary  capital,  this  work  has  been  undertaken  by  development  companies, 
organized  for  the  purpose  of  thoroughly  prospecting  claims  in  exchange  for 
an  Interest  and  of  then  selling  them  to  others,  who  will  further  develop  them 
Into  mines.  Such  companies  have  filled  a  decided  gap  in  the  miningr  com- 
munity and  are  operating  with  marked  success  In  many  districts. 

That  mining  Is  destined  to  fill  a  leading  place  among  the  induatrlea  of 
Washington  and  British  Columbia  must  be  evident  to  every  observing  mind. 
It  has  already  taken  first  rank  In  British  Columbia  and  is  fast  ateppin^r  Into 
that  rank  In  Washington.  It  must  have  a  decidedly  beneficial  effect  on  the 
general  prosperity  of  both  province  and  states  for  it  brings  with  it  a  number 
of  kindred  Industries  and  furnishes  a  ready  cash  market  for  the  products  of 
the  farmer,  stock-i^aiser  and  manufacturer  of  various  wares.  It  tends  to 
diversify  Industry  and  thus  to  prevent  undue  reliance  of  a  whole  community 
on  any  single  means  of  support.  It  ieynlres  a  healthy,  active,  open-air  life 
and  makes  a  sturdy,  Independent,  self-reliant  race  of  men  and  women. 


ttmiM 


MONTE    OBIBTO. 

The  namo  of  this  camp  hus  lonir  been  on  th«  tongue  of  uvery  pfiHon 
liiten^Ktfd  In  mining  In  the  Cascade  Mountains  and  every  atom  of  newH 
rofrardlntf  the  canip  has  been  eagerly  watched  for.  The  renson  Is  not  far 
to  seek.  Monte  Crlato  waa  the  scene  of  the  first  mining  operations  on  a 
larflre  scale  by  men  having  ample  capital  to  develop  a  mine  to  a  paying  basis. 
These  tnlnes  and  the  affiliated  Investments  represented  an  Investment  of 
about  $3,000,000,  which  John  D.  Rockefeller  and  his  business  asBOclalekt  had 
.staked  on  their  faith  In  the  mining  possibilities  of  the  Cascades.  They  had 
»Kme  so  In  the  face  of  adverse  opinion  from  many  experts  as  to  the  character 
i>f  the  formation  and  the  permanence  of  the  ote  bodies.  They  had  found 
Kold  and  silver-bearing  minerals  of  such  a  refractory  nature  that  they 
Int'UM-ed  heavy  penalties  at  the  smelter  and  one  man  described  a  particularly 
troUWe«ome  combination  of  mli  ral  as  "concentrated  essence  of  the  In- 
ferno." But  the  Monte  Crlsto  n  Its  allied  companies  persisted  In  the  face 
of  many  difficulties  and  may  no\  be  said  to  have  solved  the  problem  for  the 
whttle  Cascade  mineral  belt.  By  tapping  at  a  depth  of  700  feet  one  of  the 
ore  chutes  t>;alch  cropped  on  the  surface,  they  have  proved  that  the  ore 
bodies  are  continuous  for  a  great  depth  and  maintain  their  size  and  value. 
They  have  proved  that,  In  spite  of  Its  refractory  character,  the  ore  can  be 
mined,  concentrated  and  smelted  at  a  profit,  when  handled  on  a  large  scale. 
They  have  proved  these  valuable  facts  as  pioneers  In  a  new  mining  field 
wKefe  new  conditions  had  to  be  met  and  new  problems  solved,  and  they 
MaVe-^ertsevePed  In  spite  of  many  obstacles  and  much  detraction  from  pessi- 
mists, until  th6y  have  found  the  answer,  not  only  for  themselves  but  for  all 
others  who  enter  the  same  field.  They  have  not  published  abroad  the  re- 
s\)lts  attained,  for  they  are  In  effect  close  corporations,  having  no  stock  to 
sell  and  no  objects  to  gain  by  publicity  except  to  satisfy  a  natural  curloHlty 
on  the  part  of  the  ct)mmunlty  as  to  an  enterprise  the  success  of  which  means 
much  for  the  mining  Industry  of  Washington. 

Monte  Crtsto  lies  In  a  basin  In  which  the  south  fork  of  the  Sauk  River 
ri«"ea.  Two  glaciers  form  Its  source,  one  sloping  from  Cadet  Peak  and  pour- 
ing Us  vlrlpoingB  In  a  cascade  down  Glacier  Gulch  to  form  Glacier  Creek,  the 
other  Scoring  li.c  "Ide  of  tha  lofty  ridge  south  of  Wllman's  Peak  and  sending 
SeV^ty-!9lx  Creek  down  u  gulf'h  to  join  Glacier  Creek  In  the  town  of  Monte 
CiMsto.  Wllmans  Peirtc  la  a  bold,  precipitou.s  headland  Jutting  out  between 
•Qlaeler  and  Seventy-six  Quiches,  which  the  ice  has  carved  out  to  right  and 
left  of  it.  -The  united  stream  flows  northwest  from  beneath  these  peaks  to 
receive  the  north  fork,  which  rises  on  the  other  side  of  the  ridge,  and  then 
iMltfer  the  Skagit,  fifty  miles  north. 

The  Monte  Crlsto  mines  are  one  of  a  number  of  properties  which  have 

been  acquired  by  the  Rockefeller  Syndicate  and  are  being  operated  In  con- 

Jtmetlon.     At  Everett,  where  the  Great  Northern  main  and  coast  lines  unite  at 

the  mouth  of  the  Snohomish  River  on  Puget  Sound,  is  the  smelter  of  the 

Ptlgtt  Sotind  Reduction  Company.    From  a  junction  with  the  Great  Northern 

lat  this  point  the  Everett  &  Monte  Crlsto  Railroad  has  been  built  to  Snohom- 

hsh,  a  distance  of  eleven  and  one-half  miles.     From  Snohomish  to  Hartford, 

h'l^ht  and  two-tenth  miles,  trains  run  at  present  over  the  Seattle  &  Interna- 

JtJonal  Road,  the  Everett  &  Monte  Crlsto  running  from  the  latter  station  to 

monte  Crlsto,  fifty-two  and  two-tenth  miles,  making  a  total  distance  from 

[BVerett  junction  of  s6venty-one  and  nine-tenths  miles. 

I       The  manner  of  the  discovery  of  the  great  mineral  ledges  of  Monte  Crlsto 

[was  not  only  dramatic,  but  was  itself  an  evidence  of  their  great  size  and 

[rtchrtesp,     Prospectors  had  for  several  years  explored  the  Silver  Creek  dls- 

rt^fct,  -directly  over  the  divide  to  the  south,  and  had  found  the  mountains 

!  everywhere  stained  with  great  red  streaks,   where  surface  Influences  had 

;  njtidlaed  the  Iron  In  the  surface  ore.     .Joseph  Pearsall  pursued  his  explora- 

i  tlons  up  the  ea.st  bank  of  Silver  Creek  and  climbed  along  and  up  the  steep 

[sides  of  Hubbart's  teak  until  ho  could  see  over  the  divide  to  the  mountains 

forming  a  jagged   amphitheatre   around   the  Sauk   Basin.      He  could   look 

[sheer  down  over  2,000  feet  to  where  the  two  creeks  unite  to  form  the  Sauk 

and  where  Monte  Crlsto  now  stands.      But  another  spectacle  riveted  his 

attention;  this  was  a  broad,  glistening  streak  on  the  side  of  Wllmans  Peak, 

[overlooking  Seventy-six  Gulch.     He  also  saw  that  all  the  mountains  which 

fshtit  In  the  valley  beyond  were  streaked  with  broad  red  bands  from  summit 

[to  bsiSe.      But  that  g-litterlng  streak  more  fastened  his  attention  and  he 

[Examined  It  from  the  distance  with  a  field  glass,   and  convinced  himself 

{'that  tt  Was  ffralena.     He  was  looking  for  galena,  as  were  all  the  prospectors 

if  th^  Cascades  In  those  days,  and  waving  his  arms  in  delight,  he  exclaimed: 

'Itris'rich  as  >Monte  Cristo,"  and  named  the  mountain  after  that  master  of 

fabaiofifi' wealth.     This  happened  on  the  Fourth  of  July,  1889,  and  wbfin  he 

[afterwards  climbed  lb  tne-'spot  and  made  his  flrsl  location  he  named  It 

"Independence  of  1776,"  a  name  which  has  become  abbreviated  to  Seventy-six 


MINING     IN    THE    PACIFIC     NORTHr7EST. 


and  ts  now  applied  to  this  claim,  the  whole  ledge  and  the  gulch  whlob  ax- 
poses  It  and  the  creek  flowing  from  It. 

Mr.  Pearsall  went  down  to  Seattle  and  returned  with  J.  M.  Wllinans, 
who  became  Interested  with  him  in  a  number  of  oth'r  loration.s.  The  thor- 
oush  exploration  of  the  district  and  a  host  of  othor  loeatlons  followed.  In 
the  year  1890  the  claims  on  Mystery  Hill,  Cadet  Peak,  Glaolor  Gulch.  Seventy- 
six  Gulch  and  Wilmaiis  Peak,  with  a  number  'extending  along  the  ridges  on 
each  .side  of  the  canyon,  came  into  the  possession  of  Hon.  H.  G.  Bond,  L.  S. 
J.  Hunt,  H.  C.  Henry,  Edward  Elewett,  .J.  M.,  P.  W.  and  S.  C.  Wihnans. 
all  of  Seattle.  In  1891  Mr.  Henry  and  J.  M.  Wllmuiis,  in  retiirriing  from  the 
camp,  looked  for  a  railroad  route  and  found  that  the  basin  could  bf  oiUired 
from  the  Sound  by  either  the  north  or  Hotith  forK  of  the  Stillagnamlsh. 
Their  first  choice  was  the  north  fork  route,  but  they  decided  in  favor  of  tin- 
south  fork,  although  more  diflkult  and  expensive,  on  account  of  the  many 
signs  r)f  mineral  in  the  vicinity  of  Silverton.  They  then  had  a  line  surveyed 
proving  this  route  practicable.  In  the  summer  of  1891  five  companies  were 
organized,  owning  tho  several  groups  of  claims  In  the  basin— the  Monte 
Cristo,  Pride  of  the  Mountains,  Rainy,  \«  u-  \w 

fall  of  that  year  the  controlling  Interest  In  the  first  three  companies  named 
was  sold  to  the  Rockefeller  Syndicate,  which  In  the  fololwlng  year  bought 
all  Judge  Bond's  remaining  Interest,  the  Wilmans  brothers  retaining  control 
of  the  Wllmana  and  Golden  Cord. 

Then  began  development  on  a  large  scale,  which  has  been  continued 
without  Interruption  throughout  the  period  of  depression  following  the  boom 
times  during  which  the  discoveries  were  made.  Many  exaggerated  expecta- 
tions, formed  while  the  camp  was  in  its  embryonic  prospect  state,  have  been 
disappointed,  the  halo  of  romance  and  the  visions  of  great  wealth  suddenly 
and  easily  acquired  have  vanished  Into  vapory  nothingness  under  the  cold, 
calculating  eye  of  the  business  man.  What  remains  Is  this:  A  great  series 
of  ledges  of  refractory  ore  of  low  to  medium  grade,  proved  to  go  down  to 
great  depth  and  to  carry  such  value,  that.  If  skilfully  and  economically 
mined  and  concentrated  on  the  ground,  they  will  pay  £.  >  'd  profits  after  thcs 
mine  is  once  really  a  mine— that  Is.  sufficiently  opened  to  regularly  produce 
ore  in  large  quantities.  It  has  been  proved  that  the  Cascades  are,  generally 
speaking,  not  a  poor  man's  mining  country,  but  that  a  judicious  Investment 
of  large  amounts  of  capital  will  pay  good  dividends.  Of  cou'-se,  there  are 
instances  of  mines  so  favorably  located  as  regards  transportation,  or  havinsr 
such  high  grade  ore  that  they  can  be  put  on  a  paying  basis  by  a  compara- 
tively small  investment,  but  they  are  the  exceptlcn,  not  the  rule. 

The  Hockefeller  Syndicate  built  the  Everett  &  Monte  Cristo  Railroad  In 
1892  and  1893  from  Everett  to  Snohomish  along  the  Snohomish  valley,  and 
from  Hartford  Junction  to  Monte  Cristo  along  the  south  fork  of  the  Stllla- 
fTuamish.  A  large  part  of  the  line  runs  through  a  oanyon  which  presented 
great  engineering  difTicultics  in  Its  construction  and  has  been  costly  to  main- 
tain, but  the  Impending  development  of  the  Silverton  and  other  adjoining 
districts  will  probably  make  the  road  a  paying  investment  on  Its  own  basis. 
The  smelter  at  Everett  was  erected  about  the  same  time  and  has  now  become 
ii  paying  institution,  treating  not  only  the  Monte  Cristo  concentrates  but 
customs  ore  from  all  sides  and  even  from  distant  Australia. 

The  Monte  Cristo  Mining  Company  has  twenty-eight  claims,  including 
mill  sites  and  placers  in  the  canyon,  the  mineral  locations  being  divided 
among  Glacier,  Seventy-six  and  West  Seattle  Gulches.  In  Glacier  Gulch 
the  ledpres  nm  east  and  west  between  walls  of  diorlte:  In  Seventy-six  Gulch 
their  course  is  northeast  and  southwest  between  diorlte  and  basalt;  and  In 
West  Seattle  Gulch  north  and  south  between  diorlte  walls.  The  ledge  mat- 
ter Is  almost  always  siliclous  porphyry.  The  principal  development  has 
been  done  on  Mystery  Hill  on  a  ledge  which  runs  through  the  ground  of 
both  the  Monte  CIristo  and  Pride  of  the  Mountains  Mining  Companies.  The 
croppings  of  this  U-dge  are  in  some  r-ia^ "s  as  wide  as  forty  feet,  but  this  is 
not  mineralized  throughout,  and  the  dip  averages  70  degrees  north.  The  ore 
bodies  range  In  width  from  two  to  fourteen  feet  and  average  about  four  feet. 

The  Mystery  Hill  mine  of  the  Monte  Cristo  Company  has  three  working 
tunnels  125  feet  apart  from  all  of  which  ore  Is  being  ptoped.  The  upper  one 
nuts  through  Mystery  Hill  for  about  1,000  feet  and  has  developed  one  long 
ore  chute  averaging  about  four  feet  wide,  which  carries  arsenical  iron, 
Mulphurets  of  Iron,  arseno-sulphurets  and  zinc  blende.  The  second  tunnel  is 
a  little  over  900  feet  long  and  would.  If  continued,  run  fifteen  feet  beneath 
Glacier  Gulch  and  Into  Cadet  Peuk.  It  cuts  the  same  ore  chute  as  the  upper 
tunnel,  800  feet  long  and  with  an  Inclination  to  the  east. 

The  longest  and  deepest  tunnel  is  the  third,  which  runs  through  Mystery 
Hill  on  this  ledge  for  1,600  feet  and  cut  the  same  ore  chute  as  the  two  upper 
ones.  700  feet  belov/  the  summit  of  the  hill,  thus  defining  that  chute  for  thlB 
depth.  This  tunnel  then  turns  southward  and  runs  for  seventy-five  feet  as 
a  cross-cut  until  't  Intersects  a  parallel  ledge,  which  It  then  follows  through 
the  Pride  of  the  Mountains  ground  for  500  feet.  It  runs  for  280  feet  through 
un  ore  chute  three  feet  wide,  carrying  galena  and  a  little  chalcopyrlte.  In 
addition  to  the  other  minerals  already  mentioned,  th*  galena  somewhat 
IncreaBmir  the  average  value.  All  further  developmftnt  by  the  exteotion  or 
this  tunnel  will  be  carried  on  In  the  f*rlde  ground.      * 


MINING    IN    THBJ    PACIFIC    NORTHWBST. 


h  whlob  9X- 


The  Pride  of  the  Mountains  mine  has  been  developed  on  the  ledge  to 
which  the  longr  tunnel  has  cross-cut,  but  at  a  point  beyond  that  "«  which  this 
tunnel  has  bfeen  driven.  This  is  tht-  Udge  in  the  croppings  oi  which  Mr. 
Pearsall  saw  pahna  l.i  the  distance.  It  strikes  east  and  west  and  Is  nearly- 
flat,  and  two  tunnels  Lave  been  driven  on  it,  180  leet  apart  along  its  dip. 
One  Is  600  feet  \vnv;  and  Is  200  feet  below  the  surface,  while  the  other  Is  a 
little  over  800  feet  long  and  gains  a  depth  of  380  feet.  The  ore  in  this  ledge 
Qocars  in  lenses,  which  lap  each  other  and  are  always  accompanied  by  small 
(juantities  of  waste  on  one  wall.  The  Pride  of  the  Mountains  Company 
owns  fourtee.i  cla'.ms  in  all,  mostly  in  this  group. 

The  Seventy-six  Mine;  of  the  Monte  Cristo  Company  is  on  Seventy-six 
Gulch  and  consists  of  two  tunnels.  The  upper  one.  130  feet  long,  starts  150 
feet  below  the  summit  of  a  vertical  wall  and  gains  a  maximum  depth  of  200 
feet,  while  the  other  is  100  feet  below  and  is  800  feet  long.  Both  these  tun- 
nels show  a  two  and  one-half  foot  ledge,  with  good  in-'icatlo.ns  of  approach- 
ing the  ore-chute  cropping  above,  and  prospecting  '  i  the  diamond  drill 
was  started  in  the  lower  tunnel  in  the  fall  of  1896,  biit  t '.i^v.-  prevented  any- 
'  tt    ig  from  being  accomplished. 

The  ore  is  transported  from  the  Mystery  Hill  and  I---^.de  of  vhe  Mountains 
Mine  J  by  two  cable  bucket  tramways,  which  run  to  the  saine  discharge 
terminal.  One  runs  from  the  lower  tunnel  of  the  Pride  of  the  Mountains  and 
over  Mystery  Hill  and  is  about  6,000  feet  long,  making  a  descent  of  about,  1.800 
feet..  It  has  a  span  of  1,200  feet  across  Glacier  Gulch,  with  a  central  drop  of 
600  feet,  and  dts  capacity  is  2.S0  tons  in  twenty-four  hours.  The  other  tram- 
way is  3,600  feet  long  and  leads  from  the  long  tunnel  In  Mystery  Hill,  a  vertical 
heifflit  of  1,200  feet,  to  the  discharge  terminal.  The  ore  la  here  run  throu».rh  a 
coarse  crusher,  then  loaded  on  cars  and  hauled  by  horses  over  a  surface 
tramway  to  the  concentrator,  1,000  feet  distant. 

The  concentrator  Is  what  Is  known  as  a  double  section  mill  and  has  a 

capacity  of  300  tons  In  twenty-four  hours,  or  ir)0  tons  for  each  side.     The  ore 

Is  crushed  by  rollers  and  concentrated  on  Hartz  Jigs,  the  fine  pulps  and  slimes 

passing  on  to  round  tables  and  Frue  vanners.     The  total  extraction  is  about 

per  cent,  of  the  assay  value,  which  is  about  |8  for  the  low  grade  Mystery 

ore  and  over  $30  for  the  ore  in  the  Pride  ledge.    The  ratio  of  concentration  is 

I  about  four  and  one-half  tons  into  one.     The  mill  Is  run  by  a  200  horse-power 

Corliss  engine,  which  also  runs  a  100  horse-power  generator.    The  latter  fur- 

'nlshes  power  to  a  motor  at  the  Mystery  Hill  Mine,  which  compres.ses  air  for 

'  three  power  drills,  while  electricity  is  al.so  generated  in  the  engine  room  to 

[light  the  town  and  the  mill.     The  ore  concentrates  three  tons  Into  one  and  the 

mill  is  producing  about  l,2uu  tons  of  concentrates  a  month,  with  a  probable 

[increase  during  the  year. 

The  Rainy  Mining  Company  has  ten  claims,  three  of  which  are  on  Cadet 
I  Peak  and  two  on  a  ledge  running  up  the  mountain  east  of  the  tramway 
[terminal.  On  a  level  with  the  latter,  a  tunnel  runs  800  feet  into  the  mountain. 
L'alnlng  a  depth  of  400  feet,  and  a  shaft  Is  down  ninety  feet  at  the  mouth  of 
[this  tunnel  showing  twenty-eight  inches  of  well  mineralized  ore  of  the  same 
Icharacter  as  that  in  Mystery  Hill. 

About  250  men  are  employed  in  Mvstery  Hill  and  Pride  of  the  Mountains 
iMlnes  and  In  the  concentrator. 

The  Wllmans  Mining  Company  ba.j  a  group  of  seven  claims  on  a  series  of 
|ledges  cutting  through  Wllmans  '  jak  from  Seventy-alx  Gulch  to  Glacier 
3asln  and  carrying  galena,  sulphl  ?s  and  some  chlorides  of  sliver.  A  tunnel 
las  been  driven  through  the  mouniain  several  hundred  feet  below  the  summit 
ind  another,  100  feel  below,  is  in  125  feet.  A  cable  tramway  10,000  feet  long 
stretches  from  the  mouth  of  the  upper  tunnel  to  a  point  near  the  concentrator 
md  a  large  amount  of  ore  is  stored  in  the  bins  at  this  point. 

The  Golden  Cord  Mining  Company  has  nine  claims  on  the  crest  of  Wilnians 
?eak  and  on  the  sides  overlooking  the  town  and  the  concentrator.  A  tunnel 
ibout  500  feet  long  has  developed  an  ore  body  about  thirty  Inches  wide,  half 
3f  which  is  similar  in  character  and  value  to  the  Pride  ore,  while  the  re- 
ladnder  Is  decomposed  and  carries  a.  higher  gold  value.  This  ore  is  worth  $36 
lo  $40  and  some  of  it  has  been  run  through  the  concentrator,  but  was  found  to 
slime  so  badly  that  that  process  Is  not  adapted  to  it.  A  cable  tramway  about 
4,800  feet  long  stretches  from  this  mine  to  the  terminal  near  the  concentrator. 
Steps  are  now  being  taken  towards  a  resumption  of  work  on  the  Wllmans 
md  Golden  Cord  properties,  on  which  nothing  has  been  done  since  1885,  and 
the  erection  of  a  plant  for  the  chemical  extraction  of  the  value  is  contem- 
Jlated. 

The  O.  &  B.  group  of  foar  claims  is  directly  across  the  divide  from  Silver 
-.ake,  2,000  feet  above  the  Everett  &  Monte  CrlFto  Railroad,  and  was  bonded 
md  Jeased  by  the  Packard  Mining  Company,  Cobb  &  McCrea,  John  P.  Bake- 
lan,  Oliver  McLean  and  P.  M.  Headlee  to  the  O.  &  B.  Mining  &  Milling 
Company,  which  afterwards  acquii*ed  the  interests  of  Messrs.  Cobb  &  McCrea. 
'iakeman  and  Headlee  by  purchase.  The  main  ledge,  on  which  are  three 
claims,  runs  up  the  ridge  to  Silver  Lake,  Is  about  eight  feet  wide  and  has 
from  six  to  twenty-four  inches  of  pay  ore.  The  lowest  tunnel,  sixty  feet.  Is 
"  feet  below  the  summit  and  shows  nine  inchfjs  of  $46  ore,  the  remainder  of 
the  ledge  oarrylnar  $3.TC  to  $fi.     The  second  tunnel,  IM  feet  above,  ie  260  feet 


14 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEJflT. 


loijg  and  ran  through  an  ore  chute  eiighteen  Inches  wide  and  forty-three  feat 
long,  with  good  concentrating  ore  the  rea.  of  its  length.  At  200  feet  an 
upraise  was  made  seventy-flve  feet,  showing  two  feet  of  solid  ore.  The  third 
tunnel,  110  feet  above  the  second,  is  135  feet  long  and  has  an  average  of  Ave 
Inches  of  solid  and  four  feet  of  concentrating  ore.  The  fourth  claiiii  is  on  a 
parallel  ledge  traced  for  its  full  length  and  showing  a  foot  of  $70  ore  In  a 
short  tunnel.  A  temporary  cable  tramway  has  been  built  to  the  railroad,  2,000 
feet  below,  and  200  tons  of  ore  have  been  shipped,  ranging  in  value  from  $15 
to  $35  and  averaging  $20  gross.  The  company  proposes  to  erect  a  permanent 
tramway  and  a  concentrator. 

On  the  extension  of  the  O.  &  B.  ledge  down  the  mountain  is  the  P.  &  I.,  on 
which  the  P.  &  I.  Mining  Company  is  at  work.  The  ledge  ranges  fr9m  two  to 
six  feet  between  granite  walls  and  shows  from  five  to  twenty-four  inches  of 
pay  ore  carrying  sulphurets  and  assaying  $8.80  to  $21  gold  and  16  to  38  ounces 
silver.  A  tunnel  is  in  112  feet  near  the  lower  end  of  the  claim  and  will  be 
extended  100  feet  this  year.  A  tramway  will  be  built  1,350  feet  to  the  railroad, 
making  a  descent  of  980  feet  vertically. 

Directlj'-  opposite  the  O.  &  B.  and  within  1,500  feet  of  the  concentrator  and 
railroad  are  the  Tol>ique  and  Lalla  Rookh,  owned  by  Jasper  Compton  and 
others,  on  a  iissure  ledge  twelve  to  fifteen  feet  between  syenite  walls.  Th« 
ledge  has  been  defined  by  two  fifteen-foot  tunnels,  the  lower  one  of  which  has 
tapped  an  ore  chute  carrying  sixteen  Inches  of  solid  iron  pyrites  with  some 
galena,  which  assays  $8  to  $30  gold  and  6  to  40  ounces  silver.  Another  tunnel 
has  been  run  forty  feet  to  tap  this  chute  and  to  be  used  as  a  working  tunnel 
and  shows  chlorides,  which  are  gradually  giving  place  to  Iron  pyrltea.  This 
tunnel  will  be  continued  this  year. 

On  the  extension  of  the  Foggy  ledge  across  the  divide  to  Monte  Crlsto 
is  the  Whistler  group  of  four  claims,  owned  by  the  Packard  Mining  Com- 
pany, Bell  &  Austin  and  the  Lillls  estate.  The  ledge  is  four  to  twenty  feet 
wide  and  has  an  eighteen-inch  pay  streak  oi  sulphurets,  gray  copper  and 
galena,  assaying  $25  to  $45  gold  and  silver.  Tunnels  twenty  and  thirty  feet 
long  and  an  open  cut,  at  intervals  of  100  feet,  have  made  this  showing. 

The  Philo  group  of  three  claims,  100  feet  south  of  the  Whistler  group,  is 
owned  by  George  Evans,  Charles  F.  Jackson,  H.  F.  Jackson,  the  Packard 
Mining  Company,  Joseph  Barrett  and  —  Trembly.  Tunnels  twenty  an4  forty 
feet  long  show  fifteen  inches  of  pay  ore  carrying  arsenical  Iron  and  copper 
sulphides  and  two  feet  of  concentrating  ore. 

The  Keystone  group  of  four  claims  adjoins  the  Mystery  Mine  and  la  owned 
by  the  Packard  Mining  Company,  A.  W.  Hawks,  A.  D.  Austin  and  the  Lillts 
estate.  A  thirty-foot  tunnel  and  a  twenty-foot  open  cut  show  a  pay  streak, 
ten  to  eighteen  Inches,  of  galena.  Iron  and  copper  sulphides,  assaying  $20  to  $$t 
gold  and  silver.  The  ledge  crops  four  to  twenty  feet  wide  In  the  gulch  and 
shows  twenty-four  Inches  of  galena  in  an  ore  chute  300  feet  long.  A  cross-cpt 
is  In  forty  feet  and  will  tap  this  ore  chute  at  a  depth  of  100  feet  In  ninety  feet 
more.  A  parallel  ledge  shows  six  to  thirty-six  Inches  of  similar  ore  In  a 
sixty-foot  tunnel. 

In  the  Seventy-six  Basin,  adjoining  the  Golden  Cord,  are  the  Argonaut 
and  Typo,  on  a  ledge  which  crops  seventy  to  seventy-flve  feet  wide  alongr  the 
creek  and  has  arsenical  Iron  disseminated  through  Its  whole  width.  This  Is 
believed  to  be  all  concentrating  ore  carrying  $8  to  $12  gold. 

On  a  ledge  parallel  with  the  O.  &  B.  are  the  Kthel  and  Annie  Laurie, 
owned  by  F.  A.  Bass,  M.  T.  J.  Cnmmlngs  and  the  Dempsey  estate,  on  a  ledge 
which  shows  in  an  open  cut  eight  feet  of  iron  pyrites  carrying  $A  to  $31  goW. 
A  tunnel  is  in  sixty  feet  for  the  ore  chute  and  a  cross-cut  has  been  driven 
twenty  feet  towards  the  hanging  wall. 

On  the  east  slope  of  the  ridge  dividing  the  Sauk,  Sultan  and  StlUaguamlsh 
water-sheds,  over  ooklng  Crater  Lake,  two  and  one-half  miles  from  Monte 
^^\^}°n'  i"  ^'^^^  ^^}  .^^ainpo  group  of  three  claims,  owned  by  the  Del  Camp<' 
?  «  S«  .  P'J®''  M1"'"K  Company.  Two  claims  are  on  a  ledge  which  Is  exposed 
for  2,000  feet  and  crops  teji  to  thirty  feet  wide,  carrying  chalcopyrlte,  which 
assays  on  the  surfaof>  $44.86  gold  and  silver,  13.8  per  cent,  copper;  34  per  cent, 
copper  and  $8  gold.  The  other  claim  Is  on  a  parallel  ledge  cropping  60  to  100 
feet  wide  and  carrymg  similar  ore  with  more  silica.  A  twenty-flve  f<»t 
tunnel  and  several  ope.n  cuts  have  shown  up  each  ledge.  One  mile  of  cable 
tramway  would  take  this  ore  to  the  railroad. 


^•^•^►©♦•♦•^•♦•♦•■f 


MimNa    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWBSrr. 


GOAT     LAKE. 


Thouerh  a  part  of  the  organized  district  of  Monte  Crlato,  tliis  is  prac- 
tically a  separate  district  set  apart  by  the  formation  of  the  country.  It  is 
the  extension  eastward  of  the  Monte  Cristo  mineral  belt,  traced  through 
the  ridge  dividing  the  south  from  the  north  fork  of  the  Saulc  and  the  latter 
from  Goat  I^ake.  The  latter  body  of  water,  less  than  a  mile  long,  empties 
through  Elliott  Creek  into  the  south  fork  of  the  Sauk,  and  the  mountains 
at  its  head  and  on  each  side  are  veined  with  mineral. 

The  district  is  easily  accessible  from  Seattle.  Taking  the  Great  Northern 
train  or  a  steamer  to  E3verett,  thirty-three  miles,  one  goes  thence  by  the 
Kverett  &  Monte  Cristo  Railroad  to  Barlow  Pass,  sixty-two  miles,  and  thence 
by  a  good  road  to  the  foot  of  the  lake,  eight  miles.  From  there  a  trail  runs 
.'jlong  the  shorn  and  a  road  through  the  bottom  land  at  the  head  to  the  Penn 
','amp  on  the  c.lltt  above.  The  distance  to  the  Everett  smelter  is  sixty-two 
miles  and  to  the  Tacoma  smelter  136  miles  from  Barlow  Pass. 

The  formation  of  the  country  Is  syenite,  granite  and  schist,  with  dikes 
of  quartz,  porphyry  and  slate.  The  principal  ledges  cut  the  schist,  ciuartx, 
porphyry  and  granite  in  a  general  easterly  and  westerly  direetton.  The 
led8<6s  vary  from  a  clear  white  quarta  sparsely  mineralized,  to  a  very  dark 
quartz,  strongly  mineralized  and  very  auriferous.  They  carry  a  fine  grained 
arsenical  iron  of  a  good  gold  value,  together  with  gray  copper,  gateaa  and 
in  some  case.'!  chalcopyrlte.  In  sovaf  cases  gold,  and  In  some  silYer,  pre- 
uominates.  J'.irt  of  the  ores  are  hit.  h  grade  and  will  pay  to  haul  to  the 
railroad  and  ship  to  the  smelter,  am.  thf  remainder  will  b«  conoe»trattoK. 
Discoveries  began  in  August,  1891,  witli  the  loeatiop  >l  the  Foggy  and  parallel 
ledges  on  the  divide  between  Ooat  l.,ake  and  the  Sauk's  north  fork  and  con- 
tinued along  the  mountains  c         h  sides  of  the  lake. 

Development  is  being   pii  '    vlgorouBly  on  the  Foggy  Kroui>^  of 

about  forty  claims,  owned  by  Mini-      '  "ompany.     Thf     '■•     >'  -tidt^a 

cuts  the  mountain  from  the  east     .g-         t  *  '^'rlato  has  rly  and 

has  been  traced  over  5,000  feet,  showing  ■  solid  ore  ^  n  char- 

:icter  and  value  to  the  Pride  ore  at  M  iihco,  with      '«'d(  i -     ;iree  and 

four  feet  wide  running  Into  it  at  acute  amnios.  Th«  Fogg  as  pn  ed  to  be 
a.  true  fissure  vein  by  a  number  of  open  cu  .in<i  sha.  aftei  which  a 
orosseut  was  run  200  feet  Intersecting  it  from  2iK)  to  JAO  feet  l""  the  lowest 
ttropplng  and  running  along  it  for  about  100  feet  each  way,  hi  liul  Uingth 
of  th«  tunnel  at  that  point  being  about  400  feet.    Parallel  witn  Utfe  on 

the  south  is  another  about  six  feet  wide  with  a  three  ""'ot  pay.si-  (h.  of  ore 
similar  to  the  Foggy,  on  which  are  two  claims.  Oth-  r  :>hout  seven  feet 
and  three  and  one-half  or  four  feet  cut  across  the  h  >f  i  lie  basin,  while 

In  Sauk  basin  below  the  Foggy  are  a  number  of  other.'  Having  thus  proved 
the  permanence  of  the  main  ledge,  the  company  last  sprlrtg  built  a  rood 
up  Elliott  Creek  to  the  foot  of  the  lake  and  repaired  thf  county  road  down 
the  Sauk,  took  In  a  donkey  pngine  to  haul  supplies  up  iio  'iff  to  the  site 
selected  for  a  permanent  camp.  1,100  feet  above  the  !:• 
air  compressor  and  two  power  drills.  A  crosscut  tu 
from  the  Goat  Ijake  basin  to  crosscut  the  series  of  le<: 
and  is  now  in  about  200  feet,  having  tapped  the  first  leu 

feet.  It  will  cut  the  Foggy  800  feet  deep  and  possibly  others  at  greater  depth 
and  will  be  used  as  a  working  tunnel.  A  survey  has  been  made  for  a  tram- 
way down  the  lake  to  the  falls  at  Its  mouth,  where  the  company  owns  a  mill- 
site,  and  a  telephone  line  has  been  stretched  over  this  route,  which  Is  two 
miles  long.  An  electric  plant  will  be  erected  at  the  falls,  wWch  ha^e  a  fall 
of  360  fpot  in  700.  and  a  concentrator  placed  there  to  treat  the  ore.  A  sutTi-ey 
has  al  J  been  made  for  a  branch  railroad  six  miles  long  from  Barlow  Pass 
on  the  Everett  &  Monte  Cristo  Railroad  to  the  mlllsito.  When  the  tunnel 
hab  oat  the  ledges,  as  is  expected  by  next  fall,  the  question  of  constructing 
thlB  road  will  be  decided  and  work  will  in  that  event  begin  the  following 
spring. 

Thio  Nevada  and  El  Dorado,  on  two  parallel  ledges  on  the  eaitt  sldje  of  th« 
lake,  near  Its  head,  are  being  developed  by  the  Elliott  Creek  Gold  Mlnlnff 
Company,  -vhlch  h.as  a  mlllslte  on  the  level  tract  at  the  head  of  the  lake,  well 
protected  fiom  snow  slides.  The  Nevada  led«e  crops  three  feet  wide  between 
slate  walls  1.200  feet  from  the  lake  shore  and  has  been  tapped  by  a  60-ioot 
tunnel,  which  ran  througrh  highly  mineralUed  quartz  and  .slate  aiid  has 
continued  for  ten  feet  across  the  ledge,  without  s;;riltlng  the  opposite  w«kU. 
Of  thl«  width  three  fwt  is  hlBh  grade  and  the  balance  oonoentratlnB  ore. 
':  The  El  Dorado  ledse  runs  parallel,  higher  up  the  movinta>ln,  iiind  sbowK 
i  ftv«  teM  of  aulphuret  ore  In  the  croppings.  A  tunnel  run*  flft«en  f«*t  on 
a  two»4it«h  streak  in  the  porphyry  gangua  and  shows  It  to  staadUy  widen. 
The  croppings  asHayed  $«.*1  to  »7.8fi  gold,  $1.7.1  to  IB.66  sliver.  whU«  an  iMni»y 
from  a  depth  of  four  feet  gave  $13.60  gold,  $7.20  silver,  21.20  per  t«at  copper. 


1  Installed  an 

.s  then  started 

t  greater  depth, 

at  a  depth  of  200 


WmStt 


u 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWUBT. 


Two  assays  from  a  foot  deeper  pave  $17.36  gold,  $2.77  stiver  and  I21.S0  sold, 
$♦80  silver  respectively,  while  from  a  depth  of  elprht  feet  In  an  open  cut  th9 
ore  assayed  $27.2R  gold,  $1.:!4  silver.  Judging  from  the  width  and  continuity 
of  the  lodges  and  the  correspondence  of  the  exposures  on  opposite  sides  of 
the  mountain,  it  is  reasonable  to  conclude  that  these  ledges  run  clear 
through  the  ridge  and  can  be  tapped  by  tunneling  at  great  depth. 

One  of  the  best-looking  and  widest  ledges  crops  out  directly  under  the 
granite  cliffs  a  few  hundred  feet  above  the  north  shore  of  the  lake,  and  on 
this  and  Its  spurs  the  Goat  Lake  Mining  Company  has  the  Glory  of  the 
Mountains  group  of  seven  claims.  The  ledge  appears  to  have  been  broken 
over  by  slide  rock,  but  in  a  tunnel,  driven  forty  feet  across.  It  appears  to  be 
straightening  up  from  a  pitch  of  forty-five  degrees,  and  shows  twenty  feet  of 
ore  divided  by  a  horse  of  porphyry.  The  ledge  matter  is  porphyritlc  quartz 
and  is  pretty  evenly  impregnated  with  white  iron  and  sulphides.  A  sample 
taken  across  eight  feet  of  ore  assayed  $21.50  gold,  $4.80  silver,  and  another 
from  twelve  feet  further  in  gave  $27.60  gold,  $1.80  silver.  The  company  Is 
driving  a  cross-cut  from  the  shore  of  the  lake  which  is  expected  to  tap  the 
ledge  in  360  feet  at  a  depth  of  800  feet,  and  is  row  in  ninety  feet.  Three  of 
the  claims  are  on  the  main  ledge  and  four  are  on  spurs  running  east  and 
west  up  the  mountain  from  the  lake  shore,  while  the  Navajo  group  of  three 
claims,  all  of  which  have  good  surface  showings,  are  on  a  parallel .  ledge 
further  up  the  mountain  and  would  be  developed  by  the  Glory  of  the  Moun 
tains  crosscut. 

From  this  point  up  the  lake,  running  up  the  mountain  parallel  with  the 
Glory,  is  a  series  of  ledges  extending  tf  the  basin  wall.  The  first  of  these 
is  the  Lily  of  the  West,  owned  by  Dr.  ^cCulloch,  J.  W.  Coffin,  Miss  H.  K. 
Coffin  and  E.  G.  English.  The  ledge  crops  out  eighteen  inches  wide,  with  a 
foot  of  mineral  arsenic  beside  it,  and  pitches  into  the  mountain.  A  cross- 
cut to  tap  it  is  in  thirty-flve  feet.  The  same  parties  have  the  Hunter  on  a 
small  streak  of  ore,  running  into  the  Lily,  and  parallel  with  it  J.  W.  Ooffln 
has  the  Union  on  a  ledge  carrying  arsenical  iron  and  iron  sulphides,  which 
crops  out  eighteen  inches  to  four  feet  wide.  A  crosscut  is  being  run  to  tap  It 
in  forty  feet. 

The  B?i.'e  Rock  group  of  four  claims,  owned  by  Messrs.  <^offln  and  sons,  Is 
on  two  parallel  ledges  running  up  from  the  lake.  One  of  these  crops  five  feet 
wide  between  granite  walls  and  shows  three  and  one-half  feet  of  arsenical 
iron  ore  carrying  gold,  silver  and  copper  in  a  ten-foot  shaft,  as  well  as  in  a 
thirty-flve  foot  tunnel.  The  other  ledge,  100  feet  above  the  lake,  Itf  six  feet 
wide  where  it  has  been  stripped  and  crops  five  to  twunty  feet  wide  higher  up 
the  mountain. 

Between  the  Nevada  and  El  Dorado  J.  W.  Coffin  has  the  Baltimore  on  a 
ledge  from  three  to  five  feet  wide,  with  six  to  eighteen  inches  of  pay  ore, 
carrying  Iron  sulphides  rich  in  galena.  Assays  from  the  croppings  show 
about  $6  gold,  $3  silver.  On  a  similar  ledge,  with  a  cropping  of  about  four 
feet  of  sulphide  oro,  Mr.  Coffin  and  his  sons  have  the  Republican.  Above  the 
El  Dorado  Mr.  Coffin  and  C.  M.  Mackintosh  have  the  Waterfall  on  a  five-foot 
ledge  showing  from  eighteen  inches  to  four  feet  of  pay  ore,  and  the  Black 
Jack  on  a  parallel  ledge,  similar  In  size  and  character.  Above  this,  In  the 
rim  of  the  basin,  H.  W.  and  C.  B.  Coffin  have  the  Brooklyn,  showing  twelve 
to  fourteen  inches  of  ore,  on  which  they  are  driving  a  tunnel.  Under  the 
rocky  promontory  in  the  center  of  the  basin  Is  the  Little  Giant,  owned  by 
J.  W.  Coffin,  B.  G.  English  and  Dr.  McCulloch.  The  ledge  is  eight  feet 
wide,  with  a  pay  streak  ranging  from  eighteen  inches  to  its  full  width,  carry- 
ing sulphide  ore.  A  cross-cut  is  in  thirty  feet,  and  will  tap  Che  ledge  In  about 
130  feet  more. 

Running  up  the  center  of  the  basin  to  the  south  of  the  Penn  camp  Is  the 
Bon  Ton  group  of  five  claims,  on  as  many  parallel  ledges,  owned  by  J.  W. 
Coffin,  E.  G.  English,  Dr.  McCu"^ch  and  C.  M.  Mackintosh.  The  main  ledge 
Is  from  ten  to  twelve  feet  wl.u'.  with  four  to  eight  feet  of  chalcopyrlte, 
peacock  copper  and  iron  sulphides.  It  crops  out  for  650  feet,  and  has  broken 
over  on  the  surface,  but  appears  to  straigliten  up  and  to  be  running  Into  the 
Little  Giant,  Assays  have  sh'Wn  $16  to  $27  gold  and  silver,  and  the  other 
ledges  in  the  group  carry  simll.ir  ore.  On  the  south  side  of  the  basin,  running 
up  under  the  great  glacier,  <  .  B.  and  H.  W.  Coffin  have  the  San  Francisco 
on  a  ledge  about  the  same  wklth  as  the  Bon  Ton,  and  are  driving  a  tunnel  <m 
*J^  ^^}P^  ***^  glacier.  To  the  south  of  this  Dr.  McCulloch,  H.  W.  Coffin.  B.  G. 
English  and  C.  M.  Mackintosh  have  the  Sunset  on  a  ledge  carrying  three  feet 
of  iron  pyrites  and  arsenical  iron,  which  assays  $32  to  $33  gold  and  Silver. 
A  cross-cut  tunnel  to  tap  it  in  350  feet  has  been  driven  twenty-two  feet. 
The  Sacramento,  owned  by  C.  B.  and  H.  W.  Coffin,  is  an  extension  on  the 
Sunset  up  the  mountain.  Further  down  towards  the  foot  of  the  lake  the 
same  parties  have^  the  Three  Star  on  a  ledge  eight  to  twelve  feet  wide,  with 
three  to  seven  feet  of  pure  hard  white  quartz,  largely  crystallized  and  carry- 
'"er  Iron  sulphides.     A  tunnel  has  been  started  on  this  ledge. 

Messrs.  Coffin  and  sons  have  ihree  mill  sites  extending  from  the  outlet  Of 
the  lake  900  feet  down  the  falls,  in  which  there  Is  ample  water  tor  poww. 
MiJ  ««53i'.*^2L^*"l'  *°*'\*®<^  ^Y  two  prospectors  of  the  fair  sex.  Miss  Coffin  aod 
Miss  Ooodspeed,  Is  on  the  divide  between  the  lake  and  the  north  fork  of  th« 


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SILVERTON, 


SNOHOMISH  COUNTY^ 
WASHINGTON. 


UUk    «' 

I    HAW. 

S    HtXKKA   I 
I.ELEKA* 
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e  iforiMtoHt. 

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8auk,  and  has  e' 
Iron  sulphides  ca 
tin  one  wall,  froi 


This  district 
and  of  being:  so 
Us  center,  wouk 
■within  an  Inner 
mineral,  and  ha 
smeltlngr-  the  dl 
Cascade  Range, 
ample  capital  to 
see  it  proven  a  i 

To  reach  thi 
train  or  by  ste 
Everett  &  Moi 
Seattle  by  the  S 
three  miles,  and 
thirty-three  milt 
to  the  Clear  Cn 
half  a  mile  to  thi 
and  from  these 
over  the  Marble 
four  and  one-ha 
miles  and  to  the 

The  mineral 
twelve  miles  wl^ 
cuts  across  the  s 
above  Sllverton 
from  the  north 
White  Horse  M( 
the  forks.  Cutt 
across  the  Sulta 
above  the  mouth 
of  Miller  River, 
been  traced  fron 
where  exploratlc 
Skykomish  have 
is  a  slate  belt, 
much  covered,  b 
believed  to  be  tl 
following  the  sa 
ledges  and  strir 
enormous  width, 
defined  width  o 
pyrrhotite,  iron 
carrying  gold  ar 
the  other  miner) 
20  to  25  per  cent. 
45  per  cent.,  and 
in  pockets.  The 
ore  bodies  so  ci 
Instances  prove 
ledges,  and  nea: 
Burface  width. 

Mineral  discc 
Hoodoo  ledge  o 
located  by  Abe 
and  James  Hans 
Silver  Gulch,  a 
George  Hall  and 
Gulch.  Then  tb 
by  J.  F.  Bender, 

The  camp  v 
coveries,  but  o 
organized  at  a  r 
following  wtntei 
Parker  McKenz 
They  cut  a  pad 
great  Helena  lei 
discovered  by  L 
Perry  Creek  el  a 
year  the  w^agon 

(2) 


.t.>^?a^/i.v**'"~'~ — 


MINING     IN    THE    PACIFIC     NORTHWEST. 


IT 


Sauk,  and  has  eight  feet  of  solid  quartz,  mineralized  from  wall  to  wall  with 
Iron  sulphides  carrying:  gold  and  silver.  A  tunnel  has  been  driven  fifteen  feet 
%m  one  wall,  from  which  tne  ledge  will  be  cross-cut. 

BILVERTON.  , 

This  district  has  the  advantages  of  proximity  to  a  railroad  and  smelter 
and  of  being  so  compact  that  a  circle  drawn  seven  miles  around  Sllverton, 
Us  center,  would  enclose  all  the  principal  properties,  while  the  majority  are 
within  an  Inner  circle  having  a  radius  of  four  miles.  With  great  bodies  of 
mineral,  and  having  these  facilities  for  cheap  mining,  transportation  and 
smelting,  the  district  has  sprung  into  the  front  rank  among  those  of  the 
Cascade  Range.  Large  Investments  have  been  made  there  by  men  with 
ample  capital  to  develop  their  property,  and  the  year  1897  may  be  expected  to 
see  It  proven  a  permanent,  producing  camp. 

To  reach  this  camp  from  Seattle  one  can  go  by  the  Great  Northern 
train  or  by  steamer  to  Everett,  thirty-three  miles,  and  thence  by  the 
Everett  &  Monte  Crlsto  Railroad  to  Sllverton,  fifty  miles;  or  from 
Seattle  by  the  Seattle  &  International  Railroad  to  Hartford  Junction,  forty- 
three  miles,  and  thence  by  the  Everett  &  Monte  Cristo  Railroad  to  Sllverton, 
thirty-three  miles.  From  Sllverton  a  good  wagon  road  runs  up  Deer  Creek 
to  the  Clear  Creek  divide,  four  and  one-half  miles,  and  another  road  runs 
half  a  mile  to  the  mouth  of  Sliver  Gulch.  Trails  branch  out  from  the  railroad 
and  from  these  wagron  roads  to  the  various  mines,  and  one  has  been  made 
over  the  Marble  Pass  to  the  Forty-five  Mine,  on  the  Sultan  side,  a  distance  of 
four  and  one-half  miles.  The  distance  to  the  Everett  smelter  Is  fifty-four 
miles  and  to  the  Tacoma  smelter  128  miles. 

The  mineral  ledges  of  this  district  are  contained  in  a  belt  of  granite  about 
twelve  miles  wide,  which  runs  a  little  east  of  north  and  west  of  south  and 
cuts  across  the  south  fork  of  the  StiUaguamlsh  from  a  line  crossing  five  mites 
above  Sllverton  to  another  crossing  seven  miles  below.  It  has  been  traced 
from  the  north  fork  of  the  river  and  Includes  the  heads  of  both  forks  at 
White  Horse  Mountain,  which  stands  at  the  upper  end  of  the  ridge  between 
the  forks.  Cutting  across  the  south  fork  valley,  it  has  been  found  to  extend 
across  the  Sultan  Valley  and  across  Silver  Creek,  where  it  shows  two  miles 
above  the  mouth.  It  runs  on  across  both  forks  of  the  Skykomish  to  the  head 
of  Miller  River.  It  is  cut  oft  on  the  northeast  by  a  coal  formation,  which  has 
been  traced  from  the  StiUaguamlsh  south  fork  to  the  Skykomish  south  fork, 
where  explorations  of  good  coal  prospects  a  short  distance  above  the  town  of 
Skykomish  have  been  carried  on  for  several  years.  Southwest  of  this  granite 
Is  a  slate  belt,  of  which  the  contact  is  not  traceable,  the  formation  being 
much  covered,  hut  slate  is  found  above  the  canyon  of  the  Sultan  River  and  Is 
believed  to  be  the  source  of  the  placer  gold  of  that  stream.  In  true  fissures 
following  the  same  course  as  this  granite  belt,  but  of  course  with  many  cross 
ledges  and  stringers,  runs  a  series  of  quartz  ledges,  bome  of  which  attain 
enormous  width,  fifty  and  sixty  feet  being  qnlte  common  and  180  feet  being  the 
defined  width  of  one  ledge.  The  quartz  is  mineralized  with  chalcopyrlte, 
pyrrhotlte,  iron  pyrites  and  arsenical  iron,  all  exiremely  rich  In  copper  and 
carrying  gold  and  sliver,  while  In  some  Instances  galena  Is  found  mixed  wit!i 
the  other  minerals.  The  ore  rarely  carries  less  than  10  per  cent,  copper  and 
20  to  25  per  cent.  Is  more  common,  while  rich  streaks  of  black  oxide  run  up  to 
45  per  cent.,  and  bornite,  which  carries  50  to  60  {ler  cent,  copper,  has  been  found 
In  pockets.  The  gold  and  silver  values  are  alone  sufficient  to  make  such  large 
ore  bodies  so  convinlently  located  pay  well,  though  copper  will  in  many 
Instances  prove  to  be  the  principal  value.  Nickel  and  cobalt  occur  In  some 
ledges,  and  near  the  head  of  Clear  CreeK  Is  a  deposit  of  asbestos  of  great 
surface  width. 

Mineral  discoveries  In  this  region  date  from  the  summer  of  1891,  when  the 
Hoodoo  ledge  of  pyrltic  ore  on  the  right-hand  side  of  Hoodoo  Gulch  was 
located  by  Abe  Gordon  and  Fred  Harrington.  Within  a  few  days  William 
and  James  Hanset  found  a  great  ledge  carrying  arsenical  Iron  and  galena  on 
Silver  Gulch,  and  on  this  they  located  the  Independent.  The  same  fall 
George  Hall  and  W.  M.  Moleque  discovered  the  Anacortes  ledge  In  Anacortes 
Gulch.  Then  the  great  Bonanza  Queen  ledge,  on  Long  Mountain,  was  found 
by  J.  P.  Bender,  Z.  W.  Lockwood  and  J.  O.  Marsh. 

The  camp  was  first  named  Independence,  after  one  of  the  early  dis- 
coveries, but  on  August  26,  1891,  the  StiUaguamlsh  Mining  District  was 
organized  at  a  miners'  meeting  and  the  name  Sllverton  was  adopted.  In  the 
following  winter  a  townsite  was  established  by  the  late  Charles  McKenzle, 
Parker  McKenzle.  J.  B.  Carrothers,  William  Whitten  and  John  P.  BIrney. 
They  cut  a  pack-trau  to  Hartford  In  November,  1891,  and  within  a  year  the 
great  Helena  ledges  on  the  divide  between  Deer  and  Clear  Creeks  had  been 
disroverod  by  Louis  I^undlln,  John  Jackson  and  Thomas  Johnson,  and  the 
Perry  Creek  claims  had  been  located  by  Theodore  I^ohr.  During  the  s.ame 
year  the  wagon  road  had  been  constructed  and  the  railroad  was  graded  almost 

(2) 


u 


MINING     IN     THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


to  Barlow  Pass,  elffht  miles  to  the  southeast.  In  the  years  1893  and  1894  thero 
was  ii  lull,  due  to  the  panic,  but  In  189.5  activity  In  prospectlnK  waa  renewed 
by  the  dlscoverey  of  an  extension  of  the  mineral  belt  over  Long  Mountiiln 
from  Deer  Creek  to  Martin  Creek  by  A.  D.  Sperry,  William  Matadorp,  A. 
Iverson  and  GeorRe  G  Mosber,  and  In  the  full  of  ISOfi  this  wns  followed  by 
further  discoveries  near  the  head  of  that  creek  by  John  Mc<"lellan.  The  last 
notable  discovery  was  t  lat  of  the  asbestos  deposit  on  the  divide  from  which 
Deer,  Maittn  timl  (  bav  Ci'  ks  all  spring,  this  being  made  In  July,  1896,  by 
R.  C.  Myers  and  Loub,  Calllhan. 

The  Hoodoo  group  I'f  seven  mineral  claims  and  six  mUlsltes  is  now  owned 
by  thf  Stiliasuamlsh  and  .SnUan  Mining-  Comi  any,  compo.st  d  principally  of 
EnsUsh,  Scotch  and  Welsh  capitalists.  The  mnln  ledge  runs  through  the 
Morrison,  Hoodoo.  Tenderfoot  and  Lakevlew  claims,  and  Is  fully  twenty  feet 
wide,  between  "walls  of  conglomerate  and  slj'te,  being  one  of  the  best-tlettned 
fissure  veins  In  the  district.  The  ore  canifj  Iron  and  cooper  p;,  rites  and 
pyrrhotlte,  with  some  bell  metal,  and  Is  connived  In  a  lime  quartz  gangue. 
There  are  two  well-defined  ore  bodies,  one  eighteen  inches  to  twelve  feet 
wide  and  ."JOO  feet  long,  and  the  ether  twenty  Inches  to  twelve  feet  wide  and 
200  feet  long,  showing  5(X)  feet  fiTther  up  the  mountain.  The  main  tunnel  has 
"been  driven  420  feet  on  the  ^!oodoo  ledge,  .'<howin(?  two  to  eight  feet  of  solid 
ore,  and  will  he  continued  :<F0  feet  to  get  under  the  highest  cropping,  where  a 
■det)th  of  510  feet  will  be  nttnlned  e;irly  In  May.  About  200  feet  of  tunneling 
has  been  done  on  a  stringer  and  to  prospec*^  the  ledge  Rt  other  nolnts.  This 
ore  will  concentrate  .3V"  Into  1.  making  concentrates  worth  $83  a  ton,  his  value 
being  divided  In  the  proportion  of  4:!  per  cent,  go  d,  :n  per  cent,  sliver,  2;  per 
cent,  copper.  Cn  the  Pe.ncnck  a  four-foot  ledpe  Is  shown  up  by  a  luiber  of 
open  cuts,  and  Is  trace.iblr-  for  400  feet,  while  the  Tenderfoot  croa.s-ledKo 
shows  equal  wblth  In  open  cuts.  The  mine  Is  reached  by  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  of  wagon  road  from  the  railroad,  and  bv  seventy  feet  of  exterior  rock 
cut  protected  by  snowsheds.  It  Is  equipped  with  two  power  drills  operated 
by  steam,  but  at  present  It  Is  found  to  be  cheaper »to  mine  by  hand. 

The  Independent  groui^  of  three  claims,  recently  Incorporated,  has  a  ledge 
cropping  to  a  width  of  slxtv  feet  in  the  bed  of  a  '.^orge  running  towards  the 
mouth  of  Silver  Gulch,  which  has  been  tracd  across  the  Stlllaguamlsh  River 
to  Long  Mountain  and  across  the  head  of  Anacortes  Gulc»'  n->rmi^h  the 
Hoodoo  Into  Sultan  Basin.  The  ledge  carries  arsi  nical  iron  all  through  and 
contains  ten  feet  of  high  grade  ore  and  some  streaks  of  g.-ilena.  ..s.say3  of 
the  pay  streak  range  from  $17  to  $140  gold  and  average  between  $70  and  $80, 
only  3  to  4  per  cent,  of  the  total  value  being  silver.  A  tu'^'n-^l  has  been  driven 
156  feet  on  the  leuge  at  the  wesit  end  of  the  Independent  claim  and  shows 
thirty-eight  Inches  of  solid  ore  In  the  face.  Anoth;  "  tunnel  100  feet  higher 
^as  been  driven  100  feet  on  the  ore  chute,  throunrh  wnicb  n  '^ro.ss-'-ut  is  now 
being  made,  and  a  recent  rocksllde  has  uncovered  a  large  body  of  high 
.grade  ore. 

Adjoining  this  group  Is  the  Cleveland  group  of  four  claims,  a  three- 
<iuu.;ei:,  li. .crest  ill  vvt^iieki  has  been  bonde<i  by  Thomas  Wilson  and  S.  A. 
Hartrran  to  Van  B.  De  Lashmutt.  E.  E.  Crookham  and  others,  of  Portland, 
for  $50,000.  and  Is  being  developed  by  them.  The  Violet  is  the  east  extension 
of  the  Independent  ledge  and  is  crossed  by  the  Cleveland  ledge,  running  north 
and  south,  which  crops  in  a  gorge  between  fifty  and  sixty  feet  wide,  with  at 
least  three  feet  of  chalcor^jrite  showing.  The  American  and  Geyser  cross  the 
Violet  in  a  northeast  and  southwest  course,  and.  lilce  it.  carry  arsenical  iron 
and  galena.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  seventy-two  feet,  cross-ciitting  the  Violet 
ledfve  at  Its  intersection  with  the  Cleveland,  and  will  be  continued  on  the 
hanging  wall  of  the  latter,  which  It  Is  Intended  to  develop.  It  cut  a  number 
of  small  streaks  of  ore  all  through  the  Violet  and  shows  two  wide  pay  streaks 
on  the  Cleveland.  Some  prospect  holes  on  the  Cleveland  croppings  have 
shown  wide  bodies  of  fine  copiier  and  iron  pyrites,  of  which  asnays  average 
$20  gold,  silver  and  copper,  and  have  shown  up  two  to  three  feet  of  crystallized 
lime  in  the  ledge,  which  may  also  assay  and  would  probably  be  taken  at  a 
premium  at  the  smelter. 

The  Everett  group  of  three  claims,  owned  by  the  White  Rock  Gold  Mininsf 
Company,  together  with  a  one-eighth  Interest  In  four  parallel  adjoining 
claims  and  two  millsites  at  the  mouth  of  Deer  Creek,  is  on  the  extenslo'i  of 
the  Independent  ledge  over  to  Anacortes  Gulch.  There  Is  a  well-defined  ledge 
of  mineralized  rock  seventy-two  feet  wide.  In  which  are  three  distinct  miner"! 
veins  from  six  to  fourteen  Inches  wide,  carrying  copper  and  Iron  sulphides 
and  gray  copper.  The  surface  ore  assays  $11  to  $12  gold  and  silver.  Tunneling 
on  the  ledge  will  begin  as  soon  as  the  weather  permits. 

The  Anacortes  Nos.  1,  2  and  3,  owned  by  George  Hall.  M.  L.  Moleque  and 
Dr.  Longstreet,  of  New  York,  are  on  a  ledge  parallel  with  the  Independence 
on  the  north.  Tunnels  have  been  driven  120  and  20  feet,  showing  thirty  lnche» 
of  pay  ore  carrying  arsenical  Iron  and  som(!  steel  galena. 

On  the  extension  of  the  Cleveland  Joseph  Crane,  William  Hanset,  Charlen 
Willuson  and  Peter  Johnson  have  the  Summer  Coon. 

/-.  C)n, 'Silver  Giilch  are  also  the  Granite  and  Maud,  owned  by  J.  B.  Vannetter, 
c.  L..  Clemans,  S.  W.  Munger  and  A,.W.  Hawks,  on  two  ledges  three  and  four 


MINING     IN    THE     PACIPIC    NORTHWEST. 


1» 


feet  wide.  The  Granite  Bhows  eight  Inches  of  white  Iron  and  galena,  assaylnR 
$43  gold  and  silver  In  a  forty-foot  tunnel  and  thirty-foot  shaft  ''~j""b 

o    *^"c.* -A^"^'/""^  ledge  of  solid  arHenlcal  Iron  ore  which  croHses  the  Summer 

Fv?i'^L^n'^""*^*'''K"^.-^-.7''"I}^"'"''  ^-  ^  "*^^»*«  '^"'^  ^'-  I-  Clemans  have 
the  New  York,  on  which  they  have  run  a  tunnel  about  twenty  feet,  showing 
pre  which  runs  from  $15  to  $17  In  gold,  silver  and  copper.  The  extension  ol 
the  Summer  Coon  ledge  also  crosses  this  claim. 

On  a  spm;  of  the  mountain  south  of  Silver  Gulch  Jasper  Compton.  J  B 
Vannetter,  William  M.  Kltlell  nnd  A.  W.  Hawks  have  the  PaVny,  on  a 
twenty-foot  ledge  carrying  a  twenty-two-inch  i  ay  streak  of  ore  similar  to 
that  of  the  Forty-flv.'  Mine,  on  the  Sultan  side  of  the  divide.  This  Is  shown 
up  by  an  open  cut  thirty  feet  long,  extended  by  thirty  feet  of  tunnel.  AssavB 
range  from  $12  to  $46  gold,  silver  and  copper. 

Across  the  gulcn  from  the  Granite  Is  the  Lula,  owned  by  J.  E.  Bogardus 
of  Sidney.  A  tunnel  ha.s  been  driven  forty  feet  on  the  ledge  and  at  its  mouth 
a  shaft  Is  down  thirty  feet,  showing  eight  inches  of  white  Iron  and  galena, 
assayin^r  $43  gold  and  silver. 

I'he  Big  Four  group  of  seven  claims  has  recently  been  Incorporated 
by  the  Big  Four  Mountain  Mining  Company,  which  Is  preparing  for- 
the  soa.son'8  operations.  The  ledge  Is  twelve  to  fifteen  feet  wide  be- 
tween syenite  hanging  and  granite  foot  wall,  and  runs  through  the  summit 
to  the  Sultan  side,  where  the  Forty-five  group  Is  on  the  extension.  The- 
gangue  Is  blue  elate  and  the  pay  streak,  thirty  Inches  wide,  carries  galena, 
antlmonlal  silver  and  arsenical  Iron,  averaging  about  $50  In  value,  and  th& 
remainder  of  the  ledge  Is  concentrating  ore.  This  Is  shown  In  a  tunnel  lOO- 
feet  long,  with  a  depth  of  150  to  200  feet,  on  the  Pehakaole.  A  number  of  open 
cuts  (in  the  other  claims  show  concentrating  ore. 

The  Forty-five  ledge  Is  believed  to  extend  almost  to  the  railroad,  through 
the  Granite  Mountain  group,  owned  by  the  Granite  Mountain  Gold  Mining 
Company.  It  extends  down  a  canyon  on  Marble  Mountain  and  the  cropplngs 
show  sixteen  to  forty  feet  of  decomposed  porphyry,  carrying  chalcopyrlte- 
and  Iron  sulphides,  a.ssaylng  $6.40  to  $12,  across  their  whole  width.  A  tunnel 
will  be  driven  on  the  ledge  100  feet. 

On  Marble  Mountain,  which  forms  the  Sultan  Divide  at  the  head  of  the 
east  fork  of  Bender  ( 'reek,  D.   C.   and  W.   R.  Brawley  and  W.  J.   Dean,   of 
Seattle,  and  W.  W.  Rhodes  and  Lou  Myers  have  the  Bell  and  Crown  group*- 
of  seventeen  claims,  and  have  cut  a   Lrall  to  them,   two  and  one-half  mllea. 
from  the  railroad,  and  will  begin  opening  up  the  ore  bodies  this  spring.    Thre» 
claims  are  on  the  main  ledge,  which  crops  iit  least  thirty  feet,  and  at  one  point 
eighty  feet,  wide  between  walls  of  porphyry  and  shale,  the  ledge  matter  being 
quartz,  though  a  large  part  of  the  ore  Is  mingled  with  the  shale.     The  ore  i*- 
copper  pyrites,  carrying  gold  and  silver,  and  the  width  of  pay  ore  Is  about 
twelve   feet,   chiefly  on   the   hanging   wall,    though    the  whole   ledge   Is  well- 
enough  mi  lerallzed  to  pay  for  concentration.     The  lowest  assay  was  10^^  per 
cent,  copper  and  $8  gold  anv   silver,  and  the  total  value  has  run  up  to  over  $.10. 
On  a  cross  ledge  twelve   feet  wide,   showing  six   feet  of  solid  ore,   are  two 
claims,   and   on   another   eighteen    Caet   wide,    showing    three   feet   of   ore,    l»- 
another  claim,  while  two  more  each  have  about  two  feet  of  ore.     Another 
claim  has  three  feet  of  ore  carrying  copper,  galena  and  alnc,  which  assays 
$12  to  $40  on  the  surface. 

The  Eclipse  group  of  twenty-seven  claims  on  iht  pouth  side  of  the  river 
will  be  developed  this  season  by  the  RcUpse  Mining  Company.  Three  claims 
are  on  the  extension  of  the  Independent  ledge,  which  shows  a  streak  of 
arsenical  Iron  rich  In  gold.  Another  ledge  covered  by  three  claims  runs 
twelve  to  fourteen  feet  wide  up  Marble  Gulch  to  the  Sultan  Divide,  and 
carries  gold,  silver  and  copper.  The  Little  Giant  ledpe,  on  which  are  three- 
claims,  runs  north  and  south  across  the  latter  one  and  crops  sixty  feet  wide, 
containing  bodies  of  sulphide  ore  which  assay  well  in  gold,  silver  and  copper.. 
Three  claims  #re  on  an  east  anti.west  ledge  crossing  this  one.  The  company 
has  two  claims  on  Long  Mountain  showing  five  feet  of  copper  sulphides  in  the 
cropplngs.  which  assay  $23  gold,  silver  and  copper,  and  Is  running  a  cross-cut 
to  tap  this  ledge. 

The  greatest  showing  on  the  north  side  of  the  river  is  on  the  Helena  group, 
on  the  divide  between  Deer  and  Clear  Creeks,  owned  by  the  Deer  Creek  Gold 
and  Copper  Mining  Company,  The  iTest  of  the  mountain  is  a  line  of  jagged 
cliffs,  below  which  the  granite  Is  exposed  for  several  hundred  feet  down  its 
side.  The  cliffs  and  the  mountain  side  below  them  are  stained  a  l)rlght  red 
with  the  oxidized  Iron  and  copper,  and  here  a  series  of  ledges  was  discovered 
In  1894  by  Louis  I^undlin,  Thomas  Johnson  and  John  Jackson.  This  group  is 
composed  of  six  claims,  making  an  area  4,500  feet  long  and  1,200  feet  wide. 
On  Helena  No.  1  are  four  distinct  ledges,  which  have  been  traced  to  a  width 
langlng  from  twelve  to  fifty  feet  right  through  the  mountain,  and  on  the 
Helena  No,  2  there  is  .n  single  ledge  180  fe«  t  wide,  clearly  traceable  through 
the  mountain.  All  carry  chalcopyrlte  with  gold  and  silver,  and  in  the  ISO-foot 
ledge  are  many  large  pay  streaks,  one  of  them  twenty  feet,  as  shown  in  a 
cross-cut.  The  main  tunnel,  720  feet  below  the  summit,  is  in  124  feet,  with 
drifts  sixty  feet  to  the  right  and  yeventy-two  feet  to  thi  left.  Tlie  latter  cuts 
a  twenty-two  foot  ledge  with  an  ei^^ht-foot  pay  streak.     These  drifts  run  IntQ 


nRSHilV 


U  MINING    IN    THE     PACIFIC    NORTH  WKST. 

pBr.iIlel  ledKes.  shown  up  by  tunnels  IW  and  100  feet  lonK  at  a  point  100  feet 
nlKht>r.  A  tunnel  hoB  been  Htarfed  on  the  main  ledno  1,000  feet  below  th« 
main  tunnel  ami  will  be  piiHhed  abeiul  to  tap  the  ore  body  at  depth.  About 
160  tons  of  ore  from  near  the  surface  have  been  Hhlpiied  to  the  Everett 
■melter,  the  first  IflO  tons  refnrnInK  $!!»  to  $H2  Kross.  A  WHKon  road  has  been 
made  up  Deer  ("reek  to  the  foot  of  the  divide,  where  ore  will  be  loaded  from  a 
chute  extendlnK  to  the  mine  l.fiOO  feet  ab(»ve. 

The  same  company  owns  tlu'  St.  I.oulu  and  Jackson  on  a  ledge  which  la 
cut  by  Deer  Creek,  and  have  run  a  tunnel  127  feet,  from  whieli  a  winze  haa 
been  sunk  to  another  tunnel  104  feet  long.  Koth  of  these  tunn  'N  are  In  solid 
ore,  with  pay  streaks  from  elshteen  to  tblrty-slx  Inches,  an  .  •  .ay  of  which 
runs  $20  gold.  $23  silver  and  30  per  cent,  copper.  A  cross-cut  has  been  started 
2r>0  feet  below,  which  will  tap  the  l^dge  In  300  feet.  This  work  l.s  being  done 
by  three  power  drills,  with  an  air  'om|)res8or  run  by  water  power  from  a 
Pelton  wheel  at  a  fall  175  feet  high.  This  plant  will  be  transferred  to  the 
deep  tunnel  on  the  Helena  group  when  the  St.  I.iOula  ledge  ha.«  been  tapped. 

(in  the  extension  of  the  Helena  ledges  across  the  divide  between  C^lear  and 
Martin  Creeks  the  Three  Sisters  Mining  Company  has  the  '^hree  Sisters  group 
of  four  claims,  on  which  five  men  are  driving  a  tunnel.  At  twenty  feet  this 
Bhowed  eighteen  feet  of  ore. 

The  Glengarry  Mining  Company  has  the  Glengarry  group  of  nine  claims 
parallel  with  the  Three  Slater.s  group,  and  is  tunneling  from  the  Martin  Creek 
Bide.  It  shows  a  forty-flve-lnch  pay  streak  of  gray  copper  ore,  an  average 
■ample  of  which  assayed  $4.20  gold.  $140.70  sllvei. 

The  Helena  Extension  group  of  five  claims,  owned  by  the  ?  lena  Exten- 
sion Mining  Company,  Is  on  the  Helena  series  of  ledges  and  1;   helnt  developed. 

The  Hannah  group  of  elghi  claims,  owned  by  E.  C.  Hug-  ,i.  d  Maurice 
McMlcken,  of  Seattle,  Is  parallel  with  the  Helena  on  the  same  seiies  of  ledges. 
There  la  a  surface  showing  of  ore  eighteen  feet  wide,  and  a  forty-foot  tunnel 
on  the  hanging  wall  show.^  ore  all  through,  assaying  $7  to  $10,  mostly  copper. 
Thia  tunnel  la  belrw?  extended  100  feet  and  shows  constant  Improvement  in  the 
ore,  and  two  prospect  holes  higher  on  the  ledge  have  shown  ore  worth  $21  and 
$23  respectively. 

'the  Nonpareil  Mining  Company  has  begun  development  on  Its  two  claima, 
on  which  the  supposed  southwest  extension  of  one  of  the  Helena  ledges  cropa 
eight  to  twelve  feet  wide.  .      .         .  ^ 

One  of  the  most  important  recent  deals  was  the  bonding  to  Dennis  Ryan, 
of  St.  Paul,  of  the  Bonanza  Queen  group  of  ten  claims  by  J.  F.  Bender, 
Z  »W.  liockwood  and  A.  Sutherland.  The  main  ledge,  on  which  are  four 
claims,  crops  out  sixty  feet  wide  In  a  gulch  running  down  I..ong  Mountain  to 
Deer  (^reek.  Us  course  being  from  southeast  to  northwest.  It  can  be  seen 
cutting  across  a  lateral  gulch  into  the  mountain  towards  the  north  fork  of 
the  Stillaguamlsh,  Its  course  being  clearly  traceable  wherever  the  rock  Is 
exposed  A  tunnel  has  been  run  forty-two  feet  and  a  cross-cut  from  It  eleven 
feet  towards  the  wall  Is  all  In  ore,  which  carries  chalcopyrlte  as.saying  26  per 
cent  copper  and  upwards,  besides  gold  and  silver,  arsenical  Iron  running  $27 
gold  and  16  ounces  silver,  and  black  oxide  of  copper  which  assays  as  high  as 
44  per  cent,  copper.  Another  tunnel  has  been  run  fifty-five  feet  at  a  point  250 
feet  lower  anc!  showed  ore  until  It  was  run  to  one  side  Into  softer  material, 
with  the  Intention  of  cro.«s-cutting  into  the  ore  again.  Three  thousand  feet 
northwest  of  the  upper  tunnel  another  tunnel  has  been  driven  sixty  feet  In 
ore  In  the  ledge  Is  a  streak  of  about  six  feet  of  crystallized  Umo.  carrying 
mineral,  and  with  the  richest  streaks  on  each  side,  which  would  be  taken  by 
smelters  for  flux  at  a  premium.  On  the  Oregon  parallel  ledge  on  the  east  are 
four  claims  of  the  same  group.  H  Is  nearly  sixty  feet  wide,  with  several  good 
pay  streaks  of  similar  ore,  and  has  been  well  exposed  by  a  slide  which 
occur-ed  last  spring  above  the  camp.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  twenty  feet, 
showinr,'  veins  of  chalcopyrlte,  black  oxide  and  galena.  The  galena  assays 
$00  gold,  ar.d  surface  ore  taken  above  the  tunnel  assayed  $27  gold.  ItJ  ounces 
silver  and  26  per  cent,  copper.  On  a  cross  ledge  of  white  quartl  fourteen  feet 
wide  the  same  owners  have  another  claim,  on  which  a  thirty-foot  tunnel 
shows  two  feet  of  .solid  white  iron  ore.  with  some  copper,  as.saying  11  ounces 
gold.  There  are  several  other  good  streaks  beside  that  in  the  tunnel.  On 
another  cross  ledge  twelve  ftet  between  walls  Is  the  tenth  claim.  In  which  a 
thirty-foot  tunnel  shows  a  wide  streak  of  white  Iron  rather  less  in  value. 
Mr.  Ryan  haa  establlf.hed  camp  and  ordered  machinery,  ready  for  vigorous 
development,  and  is  meanwhih^  running  a  cross-cut  by  manual  labor. 

On  extensions  of  the  Bonanza  Queen  and  Oregon  ledges  D.  K.  Sutherland, 
J.  D.  Sutherland  and  C.  K.  Anderson  have  four  claims,  which  they  have 
bonded  for  $.'.0,000  for  one  year  from  December  1,  1896,  to  R.  B.  Symington,  of 
San  Francisco,  representing  an  English  company.  A  tunnel  run  thirty-one 
feet  on  a  soft  streak  In  the  Stockton,  from  which  a  cross-cut  will  be  made, 
and  shorter  tunnels  on  the  other  claims,  show  ore  bodies  equal  In  size  and 
value  to  those  of  the  Bonanza  Queen  group. 

Op  Long  Mountain  D.  C  and  W.  R.  Brawley,  W.  J.  Dean,  W.  W.  Rhoden 
and  Lou  Myers  have  the  Copperhead  group  of  nineteen  claims,  on  a  series  of 
seventeen  ledges  and  stringers.  The  principal  ledge  is  the  Four  Aces,  on 
which  are  four  claims  and  which  Is  twenty-two  feet  wide,  with  a  -pay  streak 
showlBg  on  the  surface  which  in  one  place  Is  two  Inches  and  widens  in  places 


MINING     TN     THE     PACIFIC     NORTHWEST. 


to  flvft  feet.  The  ore  l.s  copper  pyrites,  riinnliifr  lower  In  copper  but  hlRher  In 
Kolil  llian  the  (troup  owned  by  tlio  name  pnrtleH  iiero««  the  river.  asHiiyi 
riiiiKliiK  from  JIO  to  $40  for  all  vuluen.  Tne  ("..pperhcad  ledne,  on  which  there 
are  four  claims.  BhowH  four  feet  of  the  .nam"  kt'id  of  ore,  and  the  Idle  .mHow* 
two  to  Mix  feet  of  ore  carrying  white  Iron,  wKh  Rold  and  Hllvor,  but  little 
copper.  The  bent  ore  In  the  (?roup  l.s  on  the  Sunbeam  strlUKer,  which  Is  eight 
to  ten  Inches  wide  and  ii.spnys  $50  to  $70,  tncliidlr.t?  10  per  cent,  copper. 

On  the  Four  Aces  ledRe  OfHir^e  H'>difliis  iind  A.  W.  Hawks,  of  Snohomtsb, 
have  the  Mayflower  and  Loul.ne,  on  which  they  have  bej-un  work. 

On  the  went  end  of  Imwk  Mountain  H.  (".  Aiyerw  and  A.  D.  Sperrv  have  the 
Dry  Creek  Rroup  of  four  claims  on  a  nine-foot  ledge  capped  with  serpentine, 
In  which  there  Is  a  twenty-four-inch  pay  streak  of  arsenical  Iron  assaying 
J2  to  $1  jrold  and  silver  and  a  small  percentage  of  copper.  Rich  float  similar 
to  this  Icdpe  was  found  In  the  Kulch  below  It  and  assayed  $400  Kold  and  silver. 
On  the  extension  of  the  OrcKon  ledp:e  C.  H.  Pack.ird.  A.  W.  Hawks  and 
I).  C.  .1(1  nnon.  of  TOvcrctt.  fiave  the  N<  mo  prroup  of  five  claims  on  three 
.«purs,  nil  runriInK  Into  the  Oregon  ledpc.  They  have  run  a  tunnel  175  feet  on 
one  spur,  which  Is  white  quartz  carrylnjr  arsenical  Iron  and  copper  pyrites, 
their  iiurr'ose  helnjr  to  strike  the  ore  Iwdy  which  crops  oUt  200  feet  above  and 
to  cross-cut  the  Oreiron  ledjre.  The  tunnel  shows  about  three  feet  of  ore  In 
spots,  assays  of  which  run  fit<m  $8  to  $1.')  prold.  with  very  little  silver  and  some 
co|>per.  The  tunnel  Is  almost  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  within  150  yarda 
of  the  railroad,  so  ihat  operations  will  be  very  cheap. 

On  one  of  these  spurs  J.  II.  James  has  the  I^lly  James  and  has  traced  the 
ledfe'e  from  the  footwall  to  a  width  of  twenty  feet.  The  whole  width  is  more 
or  less  mineralized  and  there  are  streaks  cf  white  Iron  assayluK  $7  gold  and 
silver  and  upwards.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  eighty  feet  on  the  footwall.  but 
the  ledpe  has  not  yet  been  cross-cut. 

Half  a  mile  from  the  wapon  road,  on  the  rlRht  fork  of  Deer  Creek,  la  the 
Colts  proun  of  four  claims,  owned  by  Bert  Horton  and  David  McRae,  on  a 
ledpe  ten  feet  between  walls  with  three  feet  of  rich  ore,  and  the  remainder 
concentrating.  Near  the  summit  are  two  tunnels,  fourteen  and  sixteen  feet, 
on  the  ledge,  and  .3,000  feet  below  the  summit  a  cross-cut  Is  In  fifty-five  feet 
and  will  strike  the  ledpe  at  a  depth  of  100  feet  In  ten  or  fifteen  feet  more. 
The  ore  Is  chalcopyrlte,  assaying  2fi  per  cent,  copper,  IS'/iS  ouncea  silver,  $3.40 
gold.     A  trail  has  been  cut  from  the  road  and  development  Is  In  progress. 

On  the  mountains  overlooking  Deer  Lake  the  Deer  Lake  Mining  Company 
has  a  group  of  ten  claims.  The  Wildcat,  Otlllle  and  Granite  are  on  a 
ledge  which  runs  across  the  divide  to  Marten  Creek.  The  ledge  Is  four 
feet  wide,  carrying  chalcopyrlte  clear  across.  A  tunnel  Is  in  sixty  feel  on  the 
Wildcat  and  another  the  same  length  on  the  other  claims.  On  the  mountain 
southwest  of  the  lake  they  have  the  Lakevlew  on  a  six-foot  ledge,  shown  up 
by  a  forty-foot  tunnel.  On  the  Cameron  and  Homestake,  which  run  acrosB 
the  head  of  the  lake,  they  have  a  body  of  quartzlte  sev?nty  to  ninety  feet 
wide,  carrying  white  iron,  and  ara  running  a  cross-cut.  They  are  also  cross- 
cutting  a  ledge  of  black  aulpljurets  eighteen  to  twenty  Inches  wide  on  the 
Highland,  which  Is  above  the  Homestake, 

On  Clear  Creek,  beyond  the  Helena  group,  la  the  Grizzly  group  of  four 
I  claims,  owned  by  the  CMear  Creek  Mining  ("ompany.  They  have  two  ledges, 
twenty-five  and  six  feet  wide,  carrying  hit^h-grade  copper  ore.  Including 
ch.alcopyrlte,  blacK  cxldi  and  bornlte.  Aspays  show  from  25  to  45  per  cent, 
[copper,  and  the  value  In  gold,  silver  and  copper  Is  about  $50.  In  the  smaller 
{ledge  a  twenty-four  Inch  pay  streak  Is  being  shown  up  by  a  shaft  eighteen 
[feet  deep  and  tunnel,  on  which  work  Is  now  In  progress,  and  the  larger  ledge 
ishows  several  good  streaks.  This  company  Intends  to  extend  the  Deer  Creek 
[road  over  the  divide  to  the  ;">roperty,  and  Is  erecting  buildings  and  continuing 
[the  shaft. 

Kxtendlng  acrofis   Clear    Creek,    .lust   below    this   group.    Is    the   Asbestos 

group  of  six  claims,  located  In  a  double  line  of  three  each  by  R    C.  Myers  and 

i Louis  Calllhan  last  summer.     Against  a  granite  wall  running  northeast  and 

southwest  Is  a  grfeat  dike  of  talclc  asbestos,  varying  from  30  to  150  feet  wide, 

[which  stands  up  seventy-Hvc  feet  above  the  rock  on  each  side.     This  material 

Is  used  to  give  body  to  paper  and  specimen^  examined  by  .skilled  men  at  the 

[I.iOwell  paper  mill  are  pronounced  superior  to  that  brought  from  New  York 

{by  that  company.     On  the  surface  this  material  Is  of  a  greenish  tinge,  but 

[deeper   down    Is   expected    to    be   pure    white,    like    the    New    York    product. 

JAgalnst  this  dike  is  a  body  of  mineral  apparently  carrying  nickel  and  cobalt, 

(about  500  feet  wide,  and  throughout  Its  width  are  large  pockets  of  very  tough 

mbrous  asbestos.     The  wall  of  this  deposit  Is  a  serpentine  dike  150  to  400  feet 

[Wide,  In  contact  v/lth  a  hard  black  flinty  slate. 

j  A  .series  of  four  or  five  parallel  ledges  of  white  quartz  carrying  chalco- 
Ipyrlte  and  some  galena  has  been  traced  from  Marti-.n  Creek  across  tiie 
[mountain  to  Deer  Creek.  The  principal  ledge  Is  the  Arlington,  %vhlch  shows 
lup  seventy  feet  wide  on  the  Arlington  claim  and  has  been  traced  four  miles 
lacross  Deer  Creek,  showing  more  or  less  mineral  throughout.  T/ie  Arlington 
land  three  other  claims  on  the  same  ledge  have  been  bought  by  tfie  Marten 
ICreek  Gold  and  Copper  Mining  Company,  which  has  bonded  a  majority  of  its 
iBtock  to  Captain  C.  H.  Thompson  and  others,  of  Spokane,  on  condition  that 
ithey  continue   development   until    May   1.      A    twenty-foot   tunnel   is  all  in 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Bulphide  ore  assaying  $12.60  gold,  $6.20  .sllvfr  and  35  per  cent,  copper,  and 
another  tunnel,  1,000  feet  below,  Is  sixty  feet  in  decomposed  rock,  with  150  feet 
further  to  drive  before  striking  the  solid  formation.  The  same  company  ha» 
a  claim  on  another  ledge  four  or  five  feet  wide,  in  which  a  twenty-foot  open 
cut  shows  streaks  of  ore  aggregating  twenty  inches,  and  assaying  $11  gold 
and  27  per  cent,  copper.  The  Climax  and  Knoxvllle,  on  the  east  of  Deer 
Creek,  owned  by  Hugh  Kennedy  and  others,  and  the  Bunker  Hill,  further  to 
the  east,  owned  by  Charles  Sperry  and  John  McCartney,  are  also  believed  to 
be  on  extensions  of  this  ledge. 

On  a  six-foot  ledge  parallel  with  the  Arlington  Joseph  Crane  and  Thomas- 
Wilson  have  the  Baby  Lode  and  its  extension,  on  which  they  have  run  a 
short  tunnel. 

On  the  west  extension  of  this  ledge  is  the  Doubtful,  which,  with  thfr 
White  Swan,  on  a  parallel  ledge,  hbs  been  bonded  by  the  Cascade  Develop- 
ment Company.  A  fifty-foot  tunnel  is  being  run  on  the  White  Sv.'an,  which 
is  said  to  have  assayed  200  ounces  silver  on  the  surface. 

A  recent  rich  discovery  near  the  head  of  Marten  Creek  is  the  Now  Seattle- 
ledge,  on  which  the  original  claim  has  lieen  bonded  by  A.  D.  Sperry  and  F.  F. 
Randolph  to  Captain  C.  p.  Thompson,  of  Spokane,  who  is  tunneling  on  it. 
It  is  seven  feet  wide,  running  northeast  and  southwest,  and  carrying  anti- 
monial  silver  and  gray  copper  in  a  five-foot  pay  streak,  assays  of  which 
average  350  ounces  of  silver  and  $5.60  gold.  A  test  car  load  shipment  will  be- 
made  shortly. 

On  the  southwest  extension  are  the  four  Consolidated  claims,  owned  by 
A.  D.  Sperry,  R.  C.  Myers  and  Louis  Calllhan. 

The  Bald  Mountain  Mining  Company  is  developing  the  two  Golden  Chord 
claims  on  the  Arlington  ledge  and  the  Lakevlew  extension  on  the  New  Seattle- 
ledge.  On  the  former  a  flfte«n-foot  tunnel  has  shown  a  large  body  of" 
Bulphides  and  .some  galena,  the  cropplngs  of  which  carry  $7  to  $9  gold,  silver 
and  copper,  but  the  solid  formation  lias  not  been  reached.  On  the  Lakevlew 
extension  a-  forty-foot  open  cut  and  tunnel  i.^  entering  the  solid  formation, 
the  cropplngs  assaymg  $8.46  gold,  silver  and  copper. 

Parallel  with  the  St.  Louis  ledge,  on  Marten  Creek,  are  the  Monitor  anct 
Sterling,  owned  by  the  Monitor  and  Sterling  "".lining  Company.  This  ledge- 
Is  six  feet  wide,  with  gangue  similar  to  the  New  Seattle,  mineralized  the 
whole  wliith.  with  thirty  inches  of  ore  carrying  gray  copper  and  copper 
pyrites.  TMs  is  shown  Ir  a  twenty-font  tunnel,  which  will  be  immediately 
extended  fifty  feet,  giving  a  depth  of  100  feet. 

On  the  divide  between  Peri-j'  Creek  and  Falls  Creek  and  extending  down 
both  of  those  streams  Is  the  Eureka  group  of  fifteen  claims  and  three  mill- 
sites,  nwne.i  ^y  the  Perry  Creek  Mining  Company,  distant  from  one  to  six 
miles  from  iio  railroad.  One  ledge  is  over  100  feet  wide  and  has  cropplngs  or 
copper  pj'-iteF  assaying  !•  to  15  per  cent,  copper,  4  to  38  ounces  silver  andt 
|1  gold,  nil  which  a  lOO-foot  tunnel  is  being  driven.  Another  claim  is  on  a 
large  body  of  ore  shown  by  a  small  tunnel  and  assaying  9  per  cent,  copper, 
4  ounces  silver  and  a  trace  of  gold.  xV  tunnel  has  been  started  on  another 
well-defined  ledge  of  concentrating  ore  twelve  feet  wide  extending  through 
two  claims.  A  ten-foot  tunnel  Is  on  a  ledge  of  chalcopyrlte  fifty-four  inches, 
between  walls,  assaying  19  to  26  per  cent,  copper,  5  to  V  ounces  silver  and  a. 
trace  of  gold.  A  tunnel  has  been  started  on  two  ledges  four  feet  each, 
showing  good  bodies  of  chalcopyrlte.  the  cropplngs  of  which  assay  14  to  30 
per  cent,  copper,  in  to  25  ounces  silver  and  a  trace  of  gold.  A  ledge  extending- 
through  three  claims  has  sixteen  feet  of  concentrafing  ore  carrying  Pnf»- 
granied  steel  ^'alena  and  copper  pyrites  and  averaging  4  per  cent,  coppeiv 
$3  goki  and  sliver  and  3  nor  cent.  lead.  A  tunnel  has  penetrated  seventv  feet, 
showing  continued  Improvement,  and  Is  being  extended.  Three  other  claims 
are  on  a  largo  led,ge,  of  which  the  cropplngs  show  a  good-sized  pay  streak  of 
concentrating  ore,  carrying  galena,  sulphides  and  gray  co!)nei-.  which  will  be 
struck  at  a  depth  of  eighty-five  feel  Ijy  a  twenty-foot  tunnel  when  it  has  been 
driven  ter  feet  further. 

ExteneUng  from  the  head  of  the  west  fork  of  Coal  Creek  down  to  the 
railroad  is  the  Double  Kaglc  group  of  four  quartz  and  eight  placer  claims, 
owned  by  the  Double  Ragle  Mining  C^ompany.  The  quartz  claims  are  on  a 
ledge  of  free  milling  ore  varying  from  fifteen  to  forty  feet  in  width,  assavs  of 
which  range  all  the  way  trom  $1  to  $20  and  average  about  $8.  The  placers  are 
on  sevenil  small  tributaries  of  Coal  Crp<'k  which  wash  the  ledge. 
.>•  .^  J*""*"  '^^'^  ^'ff  V^^ar.  owned  by  the  Big  Bear  Mining  Companv,  on  the 
divide  between  (  lear  nnn<  Cmyon  Creeks,  four  miles  bv  tr;<n  frorr  "tho  r.-iil- 
road,  have  a  ledge  100  fe-r  wide  between  walls,  running  "a  little  north  of  west 
«r«,  T  ?I  '''"J^- ..  ^'  "ontains  a  number  of  streaks  of  peacock  copper, 
carrying  gold  and  silver  r.nnging  in  wldtn  from  four  to  thirty  inches,  from 
the  surface  of  one  of  which  twenty  assays  averaged  $9  gold.  $7  silver. 
7,V.^  .'  \^"y*"  ^r^  run  liftv  fret  ..n  the  widest  and  twonty-flve  feet  on  fht 
•ni  hH,;  '■,^"  "♦'":  ^r^  ';"r~"  '^""  "•'f'f^"'<l  ^<^  ten  in<>he«.  This  cross-cut 
Z\V  ^,ni "ilf"**?^  ^°  ^^P,  ''^'^  ^^^^^-  w*^*'^*'  ^'"1  'ie  defined  by  drifting.  A  cross- 
ledg^al  den?..       '■"''  ''■'""  ^^^  Canyon  Creek  side  of  the  divide  to  tap  tha 

On  a  ledge  runnin ,'  r  p  the  mountain  at  the  mouth  of  Gordon  Creek,  irom 


pper,  and 
th  150  feet 
ipany  ha» 
•foot  open 
g  %n  gold 
t  of  Deer 
further  to 
lelleved  to 

A  Thomas- 
ive  run  a 

with  the- 
!  Develop- 
an,  which 

;w  Seattle- 
and  F.  P. 
Ing  on  it. 
y^lng:  antl- 
of  which 
nt  will  bfr 

owned  by 

aen  Chord 
?w  Seattle- 
»  body  of 
old,  sUvf^r 
Lakevlew 
'ormation^ 

jnitor  ancfr 
rhis  ledge- 
alized  the 
nd  copper 
[mediately 

3ing  down 
hree  mill- 
one  to  six 
oppin^s  of 
silver  and? 
m  is  on  a 
It.  copper, 
in  another 
g  through 
our  inches. 
Iver  and  a 
feet  each, 
ly  14  to  3» 
extend  ing^ 
■ylnp:  finp- 
it.  (Xippei, 
verity  feet, 
hiM-  claims 
'  streak  of 
ich  win  be 
t  has  been 

wn  to  thet 
3er  claims, 
s  are  on  a 
,  HHsays  of 
plMcers  are 

.ny,  on  the 
r  th"  rall- 
•th  of  west 
ck  copper, 
chea.  from 
|7  silver, 
eet  on  Jh*. 
i  cross-cut 
,  A  cross- 
to  tap  the- 


reek,  from 


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THC  PACiFrc  N0H1HWE9T 


.'j^MMMI^ 


*t  •BOUf 

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BED  BEAD 

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couiuconA 

.    AI.CUTKUT 

B.  vninv 

»  aiivEBriAB. 

10  PHSLPS  OLAOzaa 

11  CCDAB. 

12.  BBMLOOK 

13.  LITTUE  nsm 

14.  lOllHIT 
ID.   OPTION. 

15.  oBANrrs  MTU  awovr. 
IT.  coLomus. 

IS.  mo  oopPBa. 

10  A.  w.  HAwxa  oaooe 

aa  TiHBZiuuirc. 

»i.  ■AanuBura 

22.  L.  *  H 

!3.  T.  ft  ■. 

34.   MOBAWS. 

29    I,n.A  BUtO 

IM.  ADELAIOK 

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as.   LUC1. 

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LODOA 

ABOO. 
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33.  SAUL. 
aj.  iULTAM. 
3».  HARD  r  ' 
!M.  SADIE. 
3T.  KFLENA 
.'<&  BEENEB 
SO.   KKI,X.r 

40.  Hiuia. 

41.  BLACK  DIAHOVO 
OEASB  OKOOir 
K>T0 

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45.  sojfNT  sotma 

40.  «M  HIti. 

4T.   OUBAT  HOnTBSKB 

46.  BOBSESHOB. 

40    5TI0KITSY  OROIXr. 

*o  ni<HWN  -mB^iiunc 


Monte  Cristo. 


«.  MnOffT 

3.  rjio. 
PBLIOAS. 


Dwarf 


Kiiihvajs.' 
Wiiffon  RnHfl.s. 

TraHs 

Hiinimit  liinex. 


^^tr^^ 


I 


MI 


point  only  150  1 
lany  has  the  Wj 
Tide  between  wa 
the  surface  ore  i 
Bid  copper.  The 
Fall  from  the  ba 
fold  and  silver  a 
The  estimatec 
hauling  to  the  n 

total  cost  of  $11 
a  degree  varyl 

ily  additional  oc 


This  district 
baying  placer  di 
llacers  have  dwa 
If  the  several  foi 

The   route    to 

lailroad  to  Siilta 

Aaliey,  and  the  i 

Iho    head   of    the 

Julian,  while  otl 

Ihe  same  distanc 

|o  the  east  fork  c 

mother  road  ru 

tnd  a  trail  conti 

Jortliern  from  S 

liles,  and  to  the 

le   road  would  i 

IrodPction  has  rr. 

The  cliaractei 
)istriet,  of  whlcl 
tiut  carrying  goh 
iide  with  the  gre 
k  high-grade  gi 
iistricl  is  granlt 
ledges  bearing  g 
petween  walls  of 
jrphyrltic  syenl 
Silver  Creek,  an 
topper  pyrites  ar 

Until  the  yeai 

lone  by  the  Still 

troup  of  eight  n; 

Ihese   claims,    tw 

?hich  runs  up  tli 

Copper  Lake,  ■> 
Ireatest  in  the  C 

feet  wide  and 
tOOO  feet  up  Littl 
|as  b(cn  traced 

ain  working  tu) 
If  snowslides,  hf 
Ire  in  ore.  It  h 
leven  feet  to  the 
leet  above,  runs  I 
feet  to  the  left,  r 
forty-six  feel.  A 
tunneling  is  in  oi 
the  mountain  by 
|)oint  200  feet  hif 
ligh-grade  ore,  p 
copper  pyrites,  a 
running  much  h 
jobalt,  the  led;  e 
fcnd  Silver  Pea.  ■ 
/ide  in  an  opei 
|ln  a  forty-foot  tu 

The  company 

scale.     It  has  2,0< 

below  the  foot  o 

|pipe  line  leading: 

railroad  twenty-; 


i^*.*  jaafcl*afaVffifti  ffhir 


MINING     IN    THE    PACIFIC     NORTHWEaT. 


a 


point  only  150  feet  from  the  railroad,  the  Gordon  Creek  Gold  Mining  Com- 
lany  has  the  Wad,  Bullet  and  Hope.  The  ledpe  is  twelve  to  fourteen  feeV. 
7ide  between  walls  of  syenite  and  serpentine  and  is  traceable  for  4,500  feet, 
[he  surface  ore  is  sulphides  and  arsenical  iron  and  assays  from  $2  to  $39  gold 
aid  copper.  The  company  has  driven  a  tunnel  thirty-flve  feet  on  the  hanging 
Jail  from  the  base  of  the  mountain,  which  has  ore  in  the  face  assaying  |15 
|old  and  silver  all  the  way  across. 

The  estimated  cost  of  mining  the  wider  ledges  In  this  district  Is  $1  a  ton, 
Jauling  to  the  railroad  four  or  five  miles  $2,  railroad  freight  $2,  smelting  $is, 

total  cost  of  $11.     Concentration  will  reduce  all  of  these  costs  except  mining 
1  ;i  degree  varying  with  the  ratio  in  which  the  ore  will  concentrate,  and  the 
Jnly  additional  cost  would  be  about  $1  a  ton  for  concentration. 


THE      SULTAN. 


This  district  had  until  six  years  ago  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  th« 
laying  placer  districts  of  the  Cancade  Range,  but  during  that  period  the 
llacers  have  dwarfed  beside  the  developments  of  quartz  near  the  headwaters 
If  the  several  forks  and  their  tributaries. 

Tlie  route  to  the  mineral  belt  from  Seattle  is  by  the  Great  Northern 
lailroad  to  Sultan,  lifty-flve  miles;  thence  by  wagon  road  six  miles  to  Happy 
7^alie.v,  and  the  rest  of  the  distance  by  horse  trail.  The  main  trail  runs  to 
|ho  head  of  the  noriti  fork,  a  total  distance  of  twenty-three  miles  from 
Sultan,  wliile  other  trails 'branch  off  up  the  middle  fork  and  up  Elk  Creek, 

le  same  distance  from  Suilan  in  each  case,  while  another  trail  branches  oft 

)  ilie  east  fork  of  Olney  Creek,  a  total  distance  from  Sultan  of  sixteen  miles. 

iLUother  road  runs  along  the  left  bank  of  tlie  ma;n  stream  for  seven  miles 
^nd  a  trail  continues  up  the  river  to  the  forks.     Tne  distance  by  the  Great 

Jorthern  from  Sultan  to  the  nearest  smelter,  at  Everett,  Is  only  twenty-two 

I'.Ks.  ;inii  lu  the  Taooma  smelti  r  ninety-six  miles,  and  thus  the  extension  ot 
\i\e   road  would  settle  the  transportation   problem  for  the  present,    or  until 

rodnction  has  made  such  progress  as  to  furnish  traffic  for  a  railroad. 

The  cliaracteristlc  ores  of  this  district  aie  like  tliose  of  liie  Sliiiaguamiah 
district,  of  which  belt  this  is  the  southward  extension,  rich  mainly  in  copper, 
but  carrying  gold  and  sliver,  with  nickel  and  cobalt  in  places.  But  side  by 
ie  wltli  the  greatest  copper  deposit  at  the  head  of  the  north  fork  is  a  ledge 
if  high-i^rade  gold  and  silver  ore.  The  formation  In  this  section  of  the 
Ji.stricl  is  granite,  like  that  of  the  Stiilaguamish  side  of  the  divide,   but  th« 

Ml>^^es  bearing  gold  and  sliver  across  the  basin  are  in  a  blue  slate  gangue 
bi'iween  walls  of  talcose  schist.     In  the  middle  fork  basin  thai  formation  Is 

)rphyrlllc  syenite,   which  forms  a  contact  with  the  granite  and  diorite  ot 

liver  Creek,  and  the  ledges  are  In  true  fissures  In  the  syenite,  carrying 
])per  pyrites  and  gold. 
Until  the  year  1896  the  most  active  work  on  the  north  fork  basin  had  been 
ione  by  the  Stiilaguamish  and  Sultan  Mining  Company  on  tht  Little  Chief 
Irroup  of  eight  mineral  claims,  with  two  mllisites  in  the  valley  below.  Six  ot 
these  claims,    two  of   which   are   patented,   are   on   a   ledge   of  great   width, 

iThich  runs  up  the  side  of  bittle  Chief  Mountain  and  over  its  summit,  almost 
(,'opper  Lake,  which  is  drained  by  Copper  Creek.     The  outcrop  Is  one  of  the 

reatest  in  the  Cascades,  being  a  cliff  of  chalcopyrite  about  300  feet  high  and 
BO  feet  wide  and  showing  for  BOO  feet  along  the  lengtii  of  the  K-dge,  at  a  point 
LOOO  feet  up  Little  Chief  Mountain  In  Boflder  Canyon,  up  which  the  deposit 

as  bten  traced  for  700  or  800  feet.  The  lower  level,  whirn  Is  designed  for  a 
ain  working  tunnel,  as  its  location  avoids  the  Phelps  Glacier  and  all  danger 
If  snowslides,  has  beerj  driven  WO  feet,  of  which  the  Itsl  seventy-nine  feet 
[re  m  ore  It  has  been  turned  thirty-four  feet  to  the  left  and  again  forty- 
leven  feet  to  the  right,  across  a  number  of  stringers.  The  upper  ieNel,  265 
leet  above,  runs  Into  the  ledge  at  right  angles  thlrty-Hv3  feet,  turns  forty-five 
feet  to  the  left  making  a  cross-cut  to  the  north  wall  and  then  follows  it  for 
lorty-six  feet.  Another  cross-out  runs  forty-four  feet  to  the  right.  Ail  this 
tunneling  is  In  ore.  The  ore  body  has  also  been  located  120  feet  further  into 
ihe  mountain  bv  1,200  feet  of  diamond  drill  holes.  On  the  south  wall,  at  a 
bolnt  200  feet  higher,  another  drift  has  been  run  twenty  feet,  also  in  very 
iigii-giad(^  ore,  proving  the  ore  body  to  be  at  least  123  feet  wide.  The  ore  is 
'opper  pyrites,  averaging  about  $12  in  gold,  .silver  and  copper,  at  some  points 
j-unning  much  higher  In  copper  and  at  certain  points  carrying  nick.l  and 
f'ohaU  the  Uni-  e  matter  being  slate  mixed  in  places  with  quartz.  The  Stepto 
tiiid  Silver  Pea  •  are  on  a  parallel  ledge  to  the  north,  which  shows  eight  feet 
fvvide  in  an  opei  cut  on  the  latter  claim  and  has  eighteen  Inches  of  solid  or© 
in  a  forty-foot  tunnel  on  the  former. 

The  company  has  made  preparations  to  develop  the  property  on  a  large 
.scale.  It  has  2,000  horse-power  in  Copper  Creek,  which  has  a  fall  of  1,000  feet 
iielow  the  foot  of  Copper  Lake,  and  has  made  a  rock  cut  in  which  to  lay  a 
pipe  line  leading  to  the  mlllsites  below.  A  survey  has  also  been  made  for  a 
railroad  twenty-six  miles  long  from  Sultan,  on  the  Great  Northern  Railroad, 


M 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


to  the  foot  of  Little  Chief  Mountain.  This  road  would  not  only  carry  the 
traffic  of  the  Little  Chief,  but  that  of  the  middle  fork.  Elk  Basin  and  Olney 
Creek  mines,  and  would  develop  the  splendid  body  of  timber  In  the  Sultan 
Basin. 

The  first  mine  to  ship  ore  from  this  district  was  the  rich  Forty-flve,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  north  fork  basin,  now  owned  by  the  Forty-flve  Consoli- 
dated Mining  Comi)any.  The  group  consists  of  eighteen  claims,  four  of 
which  are  on  the'  Deupree  ledge,  running  parallel  with  the  divide,  beside* 
forty  acres  for  tramway  terminals  in  the  Sultan  Valley  and  forty  acre.s  for 
the  same  purpose  in  the  Stlllaguamish  Valley.  Development  has  been  vigor- 
ously prosecuted  since  the  organization  of  the  company  in  April.  1890.  and  has 
shown  the  property  to  be  one  of  great  value.  The  principal  ledge  extends  for 
over  a  mile  through  six  claims  and  runs  east  and  west  between  walls  of 
talcose  schist,  the  gangue  being  blue  slate,  quartz  and  talc.  On  the  Deupree 
Brothers,  l.f'OO  feet  above  the  camp,  it  crops  out  eighteen  feet  wide  in  a  gorge 
with  walls  about  fifty  feet  high,  formed  by  the  wearing  down  of  the  ore  by  a 
small  stream  pouring  througli  It  and  deeply  stained  with  Iron  leached  out  of 
the  ore.  The  slide  rock  in  the  gorge  is  nearly  all  ore,  and.  If  there  were  a 
wagon  road  to  Sultan,  a  car  load  could  easily  be  picked  up  on  the  surface 
rich  enough  to  ship  at  a  profit.  From  here  this  ledge  has  been  traced  over  the. 
surface  for  1,500  feet,  and  a  tunnel  run  on  the  hanging  wall  for  fifty  feet  Is  in 
ore,  the  Intention  being  to  cross-cut  from  It.  On  the  adjoining  claim  a  tunneF 
has  been  run  163  feet  In  the  hanging  wall,  with  a  cross-cut  to  the  footwall. 
This  shows  on  the  hanging  wall  an  elghteen-lnch  streak  of  solid  ore  carrying, 
white  Iron,  cooper  sulphurets  and  galena,  which  runs  about  $30  gold  and 
silver.  On  the  footwall  Is  thirty  to  forty  Inches  of  decomposed  quartz  and' 
talc,  which  Is  good  concentrating  ore,  averaging  about  $8  gold  and  silver,  and 
Is  so  soft  that  it  can  be  very  cheaply  mined  with  pick  and  shovel. 

The  development  of  the  Forty-five  was  begun  in  the  spring  of  1896,  where 
the  ore  crops  ten  Inches  wide  about  400  feet  below  the  summit.  A  tunnel  wa» 
driven  140  feet  on  (he  ledge,  wit'i  a  cross-cut  of  thirty-five  feet,  showing  two 
pay  streaks  which  aggregate  fourteen  inches  at  the  narrowest  and  six  feet 
at  the  widest  point.  The  gangue  Is  mainly  dark  blue  slate,  veined  with  quarts 
and  considerable  talc,  and  carries  galena,  white  iron  and  gray  copper.  At  the 
face  of  the  cross-cut  a  shaft  was  sunk  twenty  feet  In  order  to  get  the  work- 
ings deep  enough  below  the  water  which  (lows  over  the  ledge  In  the  gulch. 
A  cross-cut  was  then  run  to  the  ledge,  which  was  followed,  widening  and 
Improving  In  quality,  with  showings  of  ruby  sliver.  The  ledge  carries  three 
grades  of  ore,  running  about  $100,  ?30  and  $8  -espectively,  In  gold,  sliver  and 
lead.  The  first  car  load  of  high-grade  or^  comprised  fourteen  tons,  and 
returned  135.8  ounces  of  silver,  .76  of  an  ounce  of  gold,  and  V^  per  cent,  of 
lead,  paying  $1,222.85  over  freight  and  treatment.  The  second  car  load  returned 
about  $109  a  ton.  The  ore  Is  carried  down  the  mountain  by  a  temporary 
tramway  of  hempen  rope  2,000  feet  long,  but  surveys  have  be<;n  made  for 
permanent  tramways  from  both  the  Forty-flve  and  Deupree  Brothers  to  the 
millslte,  and  also  across  the  range  to  the  Everett  &  Monte  Cristo  Railroad 
near  Silverton,  over  a  route  13,000  fctt  long.  A  cross-cut  232  feet  long  tappet) 
the  Forty-five  ledge  175  feet  below  the  present  tunnel,  showing  six  to  eight 
Inches  of  high-grade  ore  on  the  hanging  wall,  which  assayed  $S1.30  gold  and 
102  ounces  silver.  At  214  f'  ot  this  tunnel  ptruek  a  stringer  of  gray  copper  and 
galena  ten  to  fourteen  Inches  wide,  carrying  $1.54  gold  and  silver. 

Preparations  have  also  been  made  to  erect  a  concentrator  for  reduction  of 
the  low  grade  ore  at  the  proposed  tramway  terminus.  The  company  worked 
twelve  men  throughout  the  winter  on  the  cross-cut,  has  left  $10,000  worth  of 
ore  on  the  dump  ready  for  concenlralion  and  has  spent  $19,000  on  the  property 
so  far. 

A  thousand  feei  below  the  outlet  of  Copper  I-aice  Is  the  Cornucopia  group 
or  fovr  (■laims  on  two  ledges  of  ore  similar  to  tnac  ol  the  Forty-five  mine, 
owmyl  by  Peter  L.  Trout  and  others.  One  of  these  ledges  crosses  the  Forty- 
flve  and  shows  eighteen  to  thirty  inches  of  ore  in  a  thirty-foot  tunnel, 
carrying  galera  and  sulphuret.s.  while  a  surface  cut  above  shew^'d  five  feet 
•ii.fo^  1^'  ^''l*^  ?;  ""'®  ^'^''^^  carbonate.  An  assay  from  the  surface  showed 
*  J^..?^!A  ',T^-'*"  ^''vt'r,  while  as  the  tunnel  progressed  assays  first  of  $28.90  gold 
and  $9  to  sliver,  then  of  %r,H  for  both  values  were  obtained.  White  iron  then 
came  in  on  the  hanging  wall  and  ran  $Ki.;;0  geld,  $2..-0  sliver.  The  other  ledge 
;n,^!?r^9P  °  '^°"''  {'^^}  ^:J'^^'   assaying  $4,13  gold,  $10.40  silver;    $4.13  gold,  $26.10 

%}.l  •  ^'ViF,®'", '^f"^-  ^^^^'  '^^"  *™'  all  values.  Only  surface  work  has  been 
done  on  this  ledge. 

t>,«'^.,^°^.;°"K°/  .'ir*' S'"^,'*''"'  fo  ^he  Little  Chief  has  be«>n  discovered  towards 
the  summit  of  Ha  1  s  Peak  and  on  It  R.  M.  Burnet.  John  Erlck.son  and  otners 
have  located  the  (  olumhus  group  of  four  claims  and  have  run  a  short  tunnel. 
rrJ!?.^  .  ®  south  side  of  the  .same  peak  a  .similar  blow-out.  capped  with  copper 
m.l.  °V'i  ^''"eath  which  the  principal  values  are  copper  and  cobalt,  with  a 
son    .ff"/  rnntf   r'"'  Y^""  '"■r?.*''"?,']  '^^^  summer.     On  this  George  W.  Ander- 

Bit- Pnn;ir^?J^/°'lP1'"v,^?^-  ^  *'»"'^  ^'  «"^'  W.  H.  Ward,  of  Snohomish,  the 
Of  the  deposit  '  "°  ^        ^""^  ^^^  *'''''"  ''^"^  ^°  <^®""^  ^^«  extent 


MINING    IN    THE     PACIFIC     NORTHWEST.  M 

Prospecting  on  the  middle  fork  dates  back  to  about  the  year  1889,  but  most 
iiiocatlons  were  abandoned  on  account  of  their  Inaccessibility.  Among  the  few 
claims  which  have  been  held  up  to  the  present  time  by  the  original  locators 
are  the  Sultan  Nos.  1  and  2,  owred  by  E.  R.  Krueger,  William  Blggers  and 
A.  W.  Hawks.  They  are  on  a  ledge. on  Sheep  Gap  Mountain,  which  crops  out 
elgl  teen  feet  wide,  carrying  copper  pyrites  and  gray  copper.  A  tunnel  has 
been  run  forty  feet,  In  ore  all  the  way,  with  ore  also  on  both  sides.  Assays 
shov  ii"  per  cent,  copper,  $23  gold,  $6  silver,  and  it  Is  estimated  that  the  ore  will 
concentrate  5  into  1.  On  what  is  believed  to  be  an  extension  of  this  ledge  up 
the  mountain  Robert  and  William  R.  Blggers  have  the  Hard  Pass,  on  which 
they  have  run  a  tunnel  ten  feet,  showing  good  ore  of  the  same  kind.  On  the 
divide  between  the  middle  fork  of  the  Sultan  and  Elk  Creek  W.  R.  Blggers 
and  Ben  James  in  August,  189(5,  discovered  a  small  outcrop  of  copper  pyrites 
in  a  slide  to  be  a  five-foot  ledge  carrying  three  feet  eight  inches  of  copper 
pyrites,  with  a  little  black  oxide  of  copper,  there  being  an  inch  of  talc  gougue 
on  each  wall.  An  average  sample  assayed  $6.05  gold,  1^4  ounces  .silver,  16  per 
cent,  copper. 

On  the  same  divide  R.  A.  Vaughn  and  D.  B.  Taylor  In  January,  1895, 
rclcoated  the  Helena  and  Sadie  on  two  abandoned  claims  having  three  parallel 
ledges  running  nearly  cast  and  west  netween  walls  of  porphyritlc  syenite. 
Two  of  the  ledges  are  thirty  inches  wide,  with'au  eighteen- inch  pay  streak, 
and  the  third  Is  six  feet  wide,  with  a  forty-inch  pay  streak,  all  of  copper 
pyrites  carrying  gold  and  silver.  The  large  vein  crops  out  for  120  feet  and  is 
traceable  for  2,000  feet,  and  the  middle  one  crops  out  for  300  feet.  Assays  have 
shown  $8  to  $10  gold,  16  to  20  per  cent,  copper.  Adits  have  been  run  on  tne 
several  ledges  eight  to  eleven  feet. 

The  Great  Northern  group  of  three  claims,  which  Is  being  developed  by 
M.  Sheehan,  W.  D.  Simp.son  and  J.  H.  Wilson  under  a  bond  from  Thomas 
Lockwood  and  C.  D.  Brownlleld,  is  on  a  great  contact  ledge  running  up 
the  mountain  from  the  bank  of  Sultan  River,  ten  miles  from  Sultan  and 
three  miles  by  trail  beyond  the  end  of  the  road.  The  ledge  is  In  a  contact 
between  a  bastard  granite  footwall  and  porphyry  and  slate  hanging  wall,  and 
gradually  widens  from  sixty  feet  close  to  the  river  to  seventy  feet  at  the  top 
of  the  ridge,  at  3,300  feet  greater  elevation,  its  course  being  north  by  east  and 
south  by  west.  The  whole  width  of  ledge  matter  appears  to  be  well  mincial- 
ized  throughout  with  fine-grained  pyrites  bf  Iron  and  copper,  as  shown  in  a 
tunnel  running  150  feet  on  the  footwall,  giving  a  depth  of  eighty  feet,  and 
another  forty-seven  feet  on  the  hanging  wall,  both  tunnels  being  in  ore  all  the 
way,  and  in  a  sixteen-foot  shaft.  Assays  have  ranged  from  $6  to  $87  gold,  sH- 
;  ver  and  copper,  and  an  average  of  six  different  assays  was  $32  gold,  $1.76  silver, 
$3.45  copper.  The  footwall  tunnel  la  being  driven  thirty  feet  further  and  the 
ledge  will  then  be  cross-cut. 

The  placer  mines  of  the  Sultan  extend  upward  from  the  Horseshoe  Bend, 
,  which  is  six  miles  by  road  and  trail  from  Sultan  City.  This  form  of  mining 
[■dates  back  nearly  thirty  years  to  1868,  when  Thomas  Lockwood  and  Jamea 
Harris  took  out  as  much  as  $30  a  day.  They  were  followed  by  Chinamen, 
jwho  worked  with  rocker  and  cradle.  Tradition  has  It  that  two  sailors  took 
I $6,000  in  one  season  from  the  Sailors'  Bar,  and  that  Lawrence  Hanson,  of 
1  Everett,  cleaned  up  $1,200  in  one  summer.  Several  parties  of  men  are  still 
[working  and  average  about  $1.50  a  day  per  man. 

The  largest  enterprise  of  this  kind  has  been  cai'rled  on  during  the  year 

1896  by  the  Horseshoe  Bend  Mining  Company  on  157  acres  of  patented  ground, 

Ihalf-encircled  by  the  bend  in   the  river  from  which  the  company  takes  its 

lame.    Here  Is  the  clearest  evidence  of  the  nature  of  the  gold-bearing  deposit. 

In  the  hollow  of  the  bend  is  a  bar  50  to  150  high,  and  similar  bars  extend  along 

Ithe  banks  for  some  distance  up  the  river.     In  making  this  bend  the  stream 

leftters  a  box  canyon  formed  by  a  deep  Assure  in  the  bedrock  and  Is  here 

lapparently  fathomless.     The  explanation  of  this  canyon  appears  to  be  that 

■some  natural  convulsion  split  the  rock  and  opened  this  new  channel  and  that 

Ithe  river  then  left  the  higher  bed  now  forming  the  bars  and  swept  its  way 

Idown  through  the  fissure.     The  high  bar  in  the  hollow  of  the  bend  is  com- 

Iposed  of  cement  gravel,  boulders  and  sand,  with  streaks  of  blue  clay,  all 

tcharact  eristic  of  river  wash. 

In  the  quite  reasonable  belief  that  the  deep  hole  In  the  box  canyon  had 

Iformed  a  depository  for  great  quantities  of  gold  washed  from  the  gravel,  the 

Ifirst  owners  of  this  property,  the  Sultan  River  Miring  Company,  in  1889  and 

11890  out  a  tunnel  seven  feet'  wide  and  800  feet  long  across  the  bend  and  turned 

Ithe  river  into  it  for  the  purpose  of  emptying  and  working  the  present  channel, 

Ithe  work  costing  $4u.OOO.      Soon  after  the  river  had  been  turned  into  it  the 

Itunnel  was  choked  wi'h  boulders  and  driftwood  by  a  great  flood  and  the  work 

[was  abandoned  until  it  was  taken  up  again  in  the  spring  of  1S96  by  the  new 

Icompany.     The  latter  has  made  one  and  one-half  miles  of  ditch  and   flume 

tfrom  Marsh  Creek,  with  a  fall  of  100  feet  and  a  possible  fall  of  700  feet,  laid 

1600  feet  of  eight-inch  pipe  and  Installed  a  hydraulic  giant,  fitted  for  nozzles 

franging  from  one  and  one-half  to  four  Inches  In  diameter,  which  wa.^hes  the 

lirt  into  a  thirty-foot  sluice  box  over  five  pole  and  one  Hungarian   riffles. 

The  boulders  are"  removed  by  a  derrick  and  the  debris  is  discharged  into  the 

tunnel.  Into  which  two-thirds  of  the  river  has  been  turned  by  the  clearing  of 


H  MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 

Its  course.  At  the  point  where  work  la  In  proRresB  the  dirt  Is  being  washed 
down  to  bedrock,  which  Is  from  eight  to  eighteen  feet  below  the  surface. 
The  whole  depth  pays  from  25  to  40  cents  a  yard,  but  the  best  dirt  Is  two  feet 
of  blue  clay  near  the  surface  and  some  streaks  of  cement  gravel.  The  gold  is 
found  in  rough  pieces  ranging  from  25  cents  to  $1  each,  sometimes  with  pieces 
of  quartz  attacht-d,  and  at  times  bits  of  native  silver  and  copper  ranging  in 
size  from  a  plnhead  to  a  kernel  of  wheat  are  found.  The  old  company  took 
out  $1  2U0  during  a  temporary  suspension  of  work  on  the  tunnel.  Tne  present 
company  Intends  to  turn  the  whole  stream  Into  the  tunnel  by  damming  the 
present  channel,  and  to  pump  out  the  canyon  and  work  the  dirt  'n  its  bed, 
a  gasoline  engine  and  centrifugal  pump  having  been  already  provided  for  this 

Four  miles  up  Wallace  River,  wl'lch  flows  into  the  Skykomlsh  four  miles 
above  Sultan,  J.  F.  Wash  and  Charlt  s  Myers  have  the  Gold  Bar  and  Elmo  on 
a  ledse  sixteen  or  seventeen  feet  wiile,  running  across  the  river.  There  is  a 
two-foot  streak  of  galena  ore  on  each  wall,  assaying  .$44  to  $102  si'ver  and 
lead,  with  a  little  gold,  but  a  twenty-seven  foot  tunnel  shows  copper  pyrites 

*'°"At  nresent  the  mines  of  the  north  fork  of  the  Sultan  find  their  outlet  to 
transportation  by  trails  over  Marble  Pass  to  Silverton,  about  four  and  one- 
half  miles  Th<-  nature  of  the  country,  however,  makes  the  Sultan  Valley 
their  natural  outlet  and  the  extension  of  the  wagon  road  would  open  this 
route,  while  a  railroad  is  by  no  means  a  remote  pobslbility. 


SILVER    CHEEK. 

Though  among  the  first  discovered,  one  of  the  richest  as  regards  the  size 
and  value  of  its  ore  bodies,  and  one  of  the  most  accessible,  this  has  hitherto 
been  among  the  most  backward  districts  in  the  Cascade  Range.  This  fact  is 
due  to  a  variety  of  causes.  It  was  discovered  at  a  time  when  attention  was 
centered  on  real  estate  and  men  who  had  property  of  that  kind  for  sale  went 
out  of  their  way  to  discourage  the  diversion  of  capital  into  mining  ventures. 
At  that  time  little  was  known  of  the  character  of  the  mineral  belt  of  th& 
Cascade  Mountains,  and  mining  engineers  scoffed  at  the  ores  of  this  region 
as  low  grade  and  refractory,  and  declared  that  the  formation  was  so  broken 
that  it  was  Impossible  to  trace  the  ore  bodies  to  any  d^pth.  The  attention  ot 
prospectors  was  at  that  time  centered  on  silver-lead  and  f'-^e  milling  gold 
ores,  so  that  thev  passed  by  the  ledges  of  sulphide  ore  heavily  capper!  with 
oxidized  Iron,  which  they  found  towards  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  and  went 
on  nearer  its  source,  where  they  found  galena.  Thus  It  was  that  the  creek 
received  the  misnomer  "Sliver,"  and,  when  the  fall  in  the  price  of  silver 
caused  depression  in  mining  for  that  metal,  the  camp  was  almost  deserted 
and  many  of  the  earlier  locations  were  abandoned.  Later  discoveries  and 
developments  have  proved  that  it  is  not  a  silver,  but  a  gold  and  copper  camp, 
and  that  the  formerly  despised  iron  caps  cover  ledges  as  rich  as  those  which 
carry  silver.  This  discovery  is  due  mainly  to  the  riches  unearthed  from 
beneath  similar  iron  caps  across  the  boundary.  The  mining  world  has  now  | 
formed  a  true  estimate  of  the  character  and  value  of  the  ores  and  develop- 
ment has  been  resumed  with  such  vigor  that  the  camp  will  this  year  have 
renewed  life.  ' 

As  a  glance  at  the  map  will  show,  this  district  is  the  extension  of  the  j 
mineral  belt  southward  from  Monte  Crlsto,  where  the  greatest  development 
In  the  Cascade  Range  has  been  done.     It  is  reached  from  Seattle  by  the  Great  j 
Northern  Railroad  train  to  Index,  seventy-one  miles,   thence  by  the  coui|ty  ' 
road  up  the  Skykomlsh  north  fork  to  Galena,  at  the  mouth  of  Silver  Creek,  j 
a  distance  of  nine  miles.     From  that  point  a  horse  trail  leads  up  the  creek  to  ] 
Silver  Lake,   on   the  Monte   Ci  sto   Divide,   a   distance   of  seven   miles,    with 
branch  trails  to  the  different  properties  along  the  route.     The  county  com- 
missioners have  begun  the  extension  of  the  road  from  Galena  to  Mineral  City, 
four  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  and  will  probably  complete  it  thi»  j 
year.     The  distance  from  Index  to  the  nearest  smelter,  at  Everett,  is  only] 
thirty-eight  miles,  and  to  the  Tacoma  smelter  112  miles. 

The  country  rock  of  this  district  is  mainly  granite,  which  crops  out  above  L 
Index  and  in  several  places  in  the  creek  beds  of  the  Silver  Creek  Basin,  where 
the  surrounding  mountains  are  mostly  composed  of  syenite  and  diorlte. 
Silver  Tip  Mountain  i^  mostly  composed  of  diorlte,  cut  by  dikes  of  porphyry 
which  often  reach  a  width  of  200  feet,  and  this  rock  extends  down  the  creek 
about  to  Mineral  City.  The  granite  extends  onward  under  the  glaciers  of 
Monte  Cristo  and  crops  out  again  in  the  Goat  Lake  District.  The  granite  is 
alternated  with  strata  of  slate  on  the  lower  part  of  the  course  of  Silver  Creek. 
This  formation  is  cut  by  mineral  ledges  in  true  Assures,  which  run  a  little 
■outh  of  east  and  north  of  west,  and  by  a  series  of  cross  ledges  of  later  date 
nmnlng  east  of  north  and  west  of  south  and  intersecting  the  older  ledge,?. 
Near  the  h«^d  of  the  creek  the  ore  is  copper  and  iron  sulphides  carrying  goH 
»nd  silver,  but  as  the  mineral  belt  is  followed  down  the  creek  silver-bearing 


MINING    IN    THE     PACIFIC     NORTHWEST. 


ft 


p  waahecl 
e  surface. 
H  two  feet 

he  gold  Is 
rlth  pieces 
•anging  In 
pany  took 
ne  itresent 
nmlng  the 

n  Its  bed, 
ed  for  this 

four  miles 
d  Elmo  on 
There  Is  a 
si'ver  and 
)ei-  pyrites 

r  outlet  to 
and  one- 
tan  Valley 
open  this 


da  the  size 
as  hitherto 
This  fact  Is 
entlon  was 
r  sale  went 
g  ventures, 
belt  of  the 
this  region 
3  so  broken 
ittentlon  ot 
nllllng  gold 
;appcfl  wUh 
L,  and  went 
it  the  creek 
ce  of  silver 
)8t  deserted 
overles  and 
3V)per  camp, 
those  which 
Lrthed  from 
:ld  has  now 
nd  develop- 
3  year  have  I 

islon  of  the  { 
ievelopment 
)y  the  Great  | 
the  county 
lUver  Creek, 
the  creek  to  ] 
miles,  with 
!ounty  com- ! 
lineral  City, 
plete  It  thl»| 
rett.  Is  only 

)s  out  above  [ 
Jasln,  where- 1 
and   dlorlte. 
or  porphyry  | 
m  the  creek 
!  glaciers  of 
le  granite  1» 
311ver  Creek. ' 
run  a  little] 
:)f  later  date  I 
Dlder  ledges, 
arrylng  goU 
ilver-bearlniT 


galena  appears,  as  In  the  Morning  Star,  and  In  the  Vandalla  and  Lockwood 
;group9.  Silver  and  lead  predominate  In  this  form,  gold  and  copper  taking 
second  place.  Within  half  a  mile  below  the  Vandalla,  however,  the  character 
of  the  mineral  again  changes,  and  in  the  Michigan  group,  the  Anaconda  and 
Oro  Flno,  gold  and  copper  take  first  place  and  lead  and  silver  are  tne  lower 
values.  The  ledges  generally  contain  pay  streaks  of  high  enough  value  to  be 
profitably  shipped  to  the  smelter  if  the  wagon  road  were  extended  to  Sliver 
tiake.  and  In  almost  every  instance  the  whole  ledge  is  well  enough  mineralized 
to  pay  for  concentration. 

The  first  mineral  location  of  which  there  is  any  record  was  the  Norwegian, 
made  in  1874  by  Hans  Hansen,  who  carved  the  name  and  date  on  a  tree, 
showing  that  the  claim  ran  up  the  mountain  on  the  left  bank  from  a  point 
500  feet  above  the  forks  of  the  creek.  Shortly  afterward  a  man  named 
Johnson  discovered  a  cropping  of  iron  pyrites  on  the  bank  of  the  creek  and, 
mistaking  it  for  gold,  located  the  Anna.  He  then  carried  the  news  to 
Snohomish,  causing  a  stampede  among  the  loggers  all  along  his  route,  and 
Induced  E.  C.  Ferguson,  Theron  Ferguson,  Lot  Wilbur  and  W.  M.  Whitfield 
to  spend  $2,000  or  J.%00O  on  building  an  arrastre  on  the  present  site  of  Mineral 
City.  They  produced  a  piece  of  amalgam  about  the  size  of  a  goose  egg,  which 
was  stolen  by  one  of  their  employes,  and  they  abandoned  the  experiment. 

Prospecting  really  began  in  1882,  when  the  late  Ellsha  H.  Hubbart  cut  a 
trail  to  Galena,  relocated  the  Anna,  with  the  Trade  Dollar  on  the  extension 
and  the  Morning  Star  on  a  parallel  ledge  to  the  north.  Discoveries  then 
followed  one  another  in  rapid  succession,  until  in  1890  there  was  quite  a  boom, 
and  the  towns  of  Mineral  City  and  Galena  were  established,  a  trail  having 
been  meanwhile  cut  through.  It  was  during  the  four  succeeding  years  that 
the  road  was  cut  from  Inuex  to  Galena,  partly  by  the  county  and  partly  by 
the  miners. 

The  group  on  the  divide  between  Sliver  Creek  and  Monte  Cristo,  adjoining 
the  most  southerly  claims  in  the  latter  district,  is  the  Silver  Lake,  composea 
of  six  claims,  with  a  mlllsite  in  Monte  Cristo,  owned  by  the  Silver  Lake 
Mining  and  Smelting  Company.  A  ledge  cutting  through  Silver  Tip  Mountain 
towards  the  lake  Is  three  to  four  and  one-half  feet  and  is  covered  by  three 
claims.  A  tunnel  150  feet  on  the  ledge  shows  it  to  carry  sulphurets  the  full 
width,  assays  running  $2  to  $14  and  proving  the  ore  to  be  good  for  concen- 
tration. A  parallel  ledge  covered  by  two  claims  shows  three  feet  of  ore  where 
It  is  cut  by  the  creek  and  is  opened  by  a  tunnel  101  feet  long  at  a  point  300  feet 
higher,  where  assays  of  $10  to  $43  gold  and  sliver  have  been  obtained,  while  the 
upper  claim  shows  a  large  body  of  ore  assaying  from  $1  to  $20.  A  cross  ledge 
shows  eightee.n  inches  of  ore  at  the  croppings  and  from  two  to  twelve  inches 
in  a  160-foot  tunnel,  a  flfty-foot  cross-cut  also  tapping  the  ore.  Assays  have 
ranged  from  $16  to  $140  gold,  silver  and  lead.  A  parallel  ledge  cropping  four 
tu  six  fc°t  will  be  tanned  by  a  cross-cut  now  be*ng  run.  Five  tons  of  hlgh- 
l^rade  ore  are  on  the  duii.p  rc^yy  <'"'•  =h foment. 

The  largest  group  in  the  district  and  tne  one  8ho>.''ng  the  most  develop- 
ment is  owned  by  the  Silver  Queen  Mining  and  Smelt  :ig  Company.      It  is 
[really  two  groups,  one  adjoining  the  Silver  Lake  group  on  the  Monte  Cristo 
[Divide,  and  the  other  on  Lockwood  Gulch  near  the  mouth  of  the  creek.     The 
[principal  ledge  in  the  former  group  is  the  Orphan  Boy.  cutting  through  the 
jdivide  and  across  Silver  Creek,  which  is  covered  by  four  patented  claims. 
lA  tunnel  running  200  feet  into  the  dividing  ridge,  where  the  ledge  Is  six  to 
|thirty    feet   wide,    shows   eighteen    Inches    of    ore    in    the    face.      Thlrty-flve 
^amples  taken  when  the  ledge  was  first  struck  gave  assays  averaging  $26.12, 
largely  In  gold.     As  work  progressed,  assays  showed  $97.05,  then  $179.75,  and 
later  $130  for  all  values,  but  assays  generally  run  from  $40  to  $60,  and  average 
^bout  $45,  from  a  pay  streak  of  eighteen  to  twenty-four  Inches.     A  second 
tunnel  started  about  125  feet  lower  struck  the  ledge  in  150  feet  and  has  pene- 
trated 286  feet,   being  exj  >j..^+ed  to  strike  the  ore  chute  shown  in  the  upper 
tunnel   In   twenty-five  feet   more.      The   first   samples   gave  $20.80   and   $72.40, 
nearly  all  silver.     A  thirty-two  foot  tunnel  on  the  Monte  Cristo  side  of  th« 
ridge  shows  the  ledge  about  «lx  feet  wide,  another  on  the  opposite  mountain, 
■jicross  the  creek,   Is  in  twenty-three  feet,   showing  twenty  Inches  of  ore  in 
loo  feet  of  lecige  matter,  with  indications  of  a  blow-out,  and  a  cross-cut  on 
the  same  side  of  the  creek  is  in  121  feet,  but  has  not  yet  tapped  the  ledge. 
The  Zeta,  unpatented,  is  on  three  p.arallel  ledges  on  the  Monte  CrLsto  side, 
111  carrying  iron  pyrites,  with  some  copper  in  bornlte  and  variegated  copper. 
^  fifteen-foot  tunnel  on  the  upper  ledge  shows  eight  to  twenty-four  inches 
)f  ore,  while  open  cuts  show  three  to  five  feet  of  ore  in  the  middle  vein  and 
three  to  eighteen  inches  in  the  lowest  one.     Assays  from  near  the  surface 
5n   the  middle  vein  gave  $5.16  gold,  $11.90  silver,   and  $6.25  gold,   $3.99  silver, 
respectively.     The  Q.  T.,  on  a  parallel  ledge,  further  down  the  creek,  is  owned 
Jointly  by  the  Silver  Queen  and  O.  &  B.  Companies,  and  half  of  it  has  been 
patented.     A  ten-foot  open  cut  with  eight-foot  face  shows  a  wide  ledge  with 
six-Inch  pay  streak  of  pyrites  and  zinc,   which  assayed   near  the  surface 
|36  gold,  $3.35  silver.      A  twenty-five  foot   tunnel   has   been   run   on    a   small 
Stringer  running  Into  the  ledge.     These  claims  lie  well  for  development,  for 
I  1,000-foot   tunnel  would   cross-cut   the   Orphan   Boy  and   Zeta   ledges   at  a 
lepth  of  900  to  1,100  feet  and  the  ore  could  be  trammed  from  it  to  the  railroad 
it  Monte  Cristo. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


The  I^ockwood  group  has  two  patented  claims  on  a  ledge  rongrlng:  from 
Six  to  aeventy-iive  feet,  on  which  a  ninety-foot  tunnel  shows  a  piiy  streak  of 
sulphides  and  galena  as  wide  as  thlity  Inches,  but  narrowing  at  the  face  to 
four  Inches,  of  which  assays  range  from  $27.tiO  to  $!>7.03.  A  la  rue  body  of  ore 
Is  exposed  on  the  surface  about  100  feet  ahead  of  the  face  of  the  tunnel.  Two 
ten-foot  tunnels  are  each  on  twelve  Inches  of  ore,  assaying  |23.88.  Two 
claims  on  the  Wild  West  ledge  have  a  short  tunnel  showing  ten  Inches  of 
ore  on  the  hanging  wall  and  a  talc  gouge  on  the  footwall.  T'.ie  lilttle  Lee 
shows  a  ten-Inch  streak  of  ore  and  two  feet  of  soft  ledge  matter,  well 
mineralized.  In  a  thirty-foot  tunnel.  The  company  Intends  to  resume  opera- 
tions in  [h..  early  spring. 

On  the  Zeta  ledge  J.  C.  Hu)>bnrt  and  Dr.  T.  M.  Young,  rt  Seattle,  and 
John  A.  Brue,  of  Everett,  have  the  Stiver  Lake,  In  which  elglit  surfar-e  cuts 
show  several  seams  of  mineral  from  fifteen  to  twenty  inches  w'.de  in  a  slightly 
mineralized  dike  of  porphyry  eighty  feet  wide. 

The  Dutchman,  owned  by  A.  P.  Michaud  and  William  Booth,  has  a  ledge 
which  crops  out  four  or  five  feet  wide  on  Silver  Tip  Mountain,  with  a  good 
pay  streak  shown  up  in  a  twenty-foot  tunnel.  Messrs.  Hooth  and  Michaud, 
with  Edward  Elwell,  of  Snohomish,  also  own  the  Wildcat,  on  a  ledge  of 
Blx  and  one-hnlf  feet  of  concentrating  ore,  en  which  a  tutnel  has  been  run 
forjty  feet,  and  which  assays  $10  gold,  |1.S7  silver  throughout. 

The  Mlnni>haha,  owned  by  John  Campbell,  of  Port  Blakeley,  has  a  ledge 
cropping  fifteen  feet  wide  on  the  left  side  of  the  lower  of  two  falls  having  a 
combined  height  of  over  .^00  feet.  The  water  pours  over  the  iron-stained  wall 
and  has  washed  out  the  ledge  to  form  its  channel.  A  .«lxty-foot  tunnel  is 
mineralized  across  Its  whole  face  and  hes  a  pay  streak  of  six  to  twenty-four 
Inohes,  assaying  $;?0  to  $05  gold,  besides  silver.  Another  pay  streak  is  trace- 
able on  the  surface  outside  of  the  tunnel. 

The  Hiawatha,  owned  by  H.  C.  Niles  and  Frank  Evans,  of  Snohomish, 
Is  on  the  cropping  at  the  other  side  of  the  falls,  where  the  ledge  shows  up 
equally  well  in  a  forty-foot  tunnel. 

The  Morning  Star  group  of  five  claims,  owned  by  E.  D.  Spurr  and  J.  A. 
Maxwell,  and  bonded  to  A.  F.  Burleigh,  has  one  of  the  best  ledges  on  the 
creek,  which  is  covered  by  three  claims,  with  two  others  on  cross  ledges. 
The  main  ledge  is  apparently  an  extension  of  the  Seventy-six  ledge  of  the 
Monte  Crlsto  District,  and  runs  east  northeast  and  wjst  southwest  across 
the  creek,  which  cuts  it  and  shows  it  eighteen  feet  wide.  Tunnels  have  been 
Tun  on  it  forty  feet  on  one  side  and  IflO  f^  ''t  on  the  jther,  showing  a  pay 
Streak  of  over  six  feet  the  whole  length,  carrying  galena,  copper  and  iron 
pyrites  which  assay  $40  to  $00,  mainly  in  silver.  A  tunnel  has  been  run 
twenty-five  feet  on  the  west  extension  and  another  twenty  feet  on  the  east 
extensloin.  On  the  second  east  extension  the  ledge  crops  fourteen  to  twenty- 
four  inches  of  solid  ore,  assaying  $40  to  $00,  shown  in  a  twenty-foot  tunnel. 
The  Minnehaha  ledge  dips  into  this  claim  from  the  west,  while  another  cross 
ledge  eighteen  to  twenty-five  inches  wide  and  carrying  sulphurets  and  arsen- 
ical iron  worth  $24  dips  into  the  first  east  extension. 

On  a  three  and  one-half  foot  ledge  parallel  with  the  Morning  Star  on  the 
north  John  Wallace,  J.  A.  Cathcart,  H.  C.  Ewlng  and  M.  A.  Green  have  the 
Cora  M.,  in  Which  a  twenty-foot  tunnel  showt'  eighteen  Inches  of  pay  ore, 
assaying  $12  gold. 

The  Hope,  south  of  the  east  fork  of  the  creek  on  Hubbart's  Peak,  Is  owned 
by  the  Hoi)e  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  and  has  a  ledge  twenty-flve  to 
thirty  feet  wide,  in  which  a  100-foot  tunnel  on  the  footwall  shows  five  feet 
of  Iron  and  copper  sulphides,  assaying  $i)  to  $42.  A  cross-cut  has  been  run 
eighteen  feet  from  the  tunnel  towards  the  hanging  wall  and  another  cross-cut 
of  seventy  feet  tans  the  ledtre  fifty  feet  bclov/. 

A  valuable  group  of  twelve  claims  on  Edison  Gulch,  which  runs  down  the 
side  of  Silver  Tip  Mountain,  three-quartera  of>a  mile  from  Mineral  City,  is  the 
Edison  group,  owned  by  uie  Bonanza  Mining  and  SlnelUng  Company.  Run- 
ning through  the  Iconise  and  two  adjoining  claims  in  an  east  and  west  course 
is  a  ledge  ten  or  twelve  feet  wide,  in  wlilch  two  feet  of  pay  ore  are  shown  in 
several  tunnels  aggregating  eighty  feet,  the  averatre  value  being  $30  to  $40 
and  the  highest  assay  $1."0  gold.  Para'.le!  with  this,  further  up  the  mountain. 
Is  the  Edison  ledge,  covered  by  three  claims,  which  Is  125  feet  wide  and 
contains  three  streaks  of  ore  three  to  six  feet  each,  shown  by  tunnels  aggre- 
gating 200  feet  in  length.  The  longest  is  sixty-eight  feet  and  is  being  exiended 
100  feet  further.  These  streaks  show  a  little  free  gold  in  the  oxidized  iron  on 
the  surface  and  carry  sulphides  and  arsenical  Iron,  assays  of  whlf:h  average 
$57  gold,  6  per  cent.  coi)per  and  a,  liltle  silver.  A  porphyry  dike  1.000  feet  wide 
runs  diagonally  across  l)0th  the  Edison  and  I^oulse  ledges  and  contains  an 
ore  body'150  feet  wide,  which  has  been  exposed  in  a  cliff  !iOO  feet  high  by  the 
sliding  of  the  hanging  wall  in  the  gulch.  Three  cuts  have  been  made  across 
this  dike,  the  deepest  being  twenty  feet,  and  all  are  In  ore,  with  no  sign  of 
the  footwall.  The  ore  is  iron  and  copper  pyrites  carrying  gold  and  a  trace 
of  silver,  assays  having  ranged  from  $2.50  to  $132.  A  cross-cut  Is  in  thirty-five 
feet  at  the  base  of  this  ore  body  to  run  through  It  Into  the  Edison  ledge, 
wfhich  It  will  strike  at  a  depth  of  800  to  1,000  feet  when  it  has  gone  450  feet 
further.  A  contract  has  been  let  to  run  it  500  feet.  Lower  down  the  gulch 
Is  the  White  Rose,  on  an  east  and  west  contact  ledge  five  or  six  feet  wide. 


MINING     IN     THE     PACIFIC     NORTHWEST. 


ItiK  from 
strt'uk  of 
e  face  to 
dy  of  ore 
lel.  Two 
88.  Two 
Inches  of 
-Ittle  Lee 
ter,  well 
ni'  opera - 

tttle,  arid 
■fiir^e  cuts 
a  slightly 

IS  a  ledge 
th  a  good 

Mlohaud, 
ledge  of 

been  run 

3  a  ledge 

having  a 
xined  wall 

tunnel  la 
renty-four 

is  trace- 

nohomlsh, 
shows  up 

and  J.  A. 

es  on  the 
iss  ledgea. 
Igp  of  the 
est  across 
have  been 
Ing  a  pay 
t  and  iron 

been  run 
n  the  east 
to  twenty- 
tot  tunnel, 
ther  cross 
md  arsen- 

tar  on  the 
1  have  the 
f  pay  ore, 

:,  Is  owned 
ity-flve  to 
s  five  feet 
been  run 
'  cross-cut 

down  the 
Mty,  Is  the 
ny.  Run- 
est  course 
'  shown  In 

$;!0  to  $40 
mountain, 

wide  and 
els  aggre- 
?  extended 
ed  iron  on 
h  average 
I  feet  wide 
)n tains  an 
Igh  by  the 
ide  across 
no  sign  of 
id  a  trace 
thirty-five 
son  ledge, 
tie  450  feet 

the  gulch 
feet  wide. 


on  which  an  eighty-five  foot  tunnel  showed  an  eighteen-inch  pay  streak  of 

coppf-r  iiyrites  assaying  $12  to  $i:0  gyjld  and  copper,  \<  th  a  trace  of  sliver. 
A  parallel  ledge  north  of  the  Edison  la  four  feet  wld  and  carries  eighteea 
inches  of  ore  assaying  from  $10  to  $90.  A  blow-otU  I  .rty  to  fifty  feet  wide 
BtUl  further  north  maltee  a  good  surfr.ce  showing  of  pyrites,  while  on  the 
south  is  a  parallel  ledge  two  or  three  feet  wide  slmll.ir  to  the  Ivoulse.  A  rross 
ledge  siven  to  nine  feet  wide  runs  diagonally  through  two  of  the  Edison  ■  ring 
of  claims  and  two  others,  then  spllt.4  into  two  pa,  is  which  run  parallel  IW 
feet  apart  l>o  the  summit  of  Silver  Tip.  The  undivided  ledge  Ih  shown  by  & 
twenty-five  foot  tunnel,  ore  from  the  face  assaying  $7.40  gold,  as  against  %2  on 
the  surface.  In  Its  course  the  predominant  mineral  ciinnges  from  iron  pyrites 
to  copper  pyrites,  sometimes  assaying  25  per  cent,  copper,"  with  pock,  ts  of 
native  corper,  and  carrying  about  $is  gold,  the  ore  being  similar  to  that  of 
Trail  Crii  k.     The  company  lias  a  nii'lslte  on  the  creek. 

The  H>g  Raymond  group  of  four  claims,  owned  by  James  C.  Spurr  and 
J.  A.  Maxwell,  adjoins  tno  Rdlson  group.  Three  claims  are  on  the  Rig 
Raymond  ledge,  wlii  li  runs  ast  northeast  and  west  southwest  and  averages 
fifty  ftet  In  width,  uid  though  it  is  broken  on  the  surface  the  mlntrallzed 
BtreaUs  of  ((uartz  and-si;ar  wh'ch  run  through  It  appear  to  be  runnins-  together 
and  at  depth  will  probabl.y  lead  to  i  solid  ore  body.  Several  tunnels  have 
been  run,  aggregating  550  feet,  and  itie  deepest,  sixty  feet,  was  In  ore  all  the 
way,  which  assays  $2  to  $50,  while  all  the  ledge  matter  Is  mineralized.  One  of 
the  tunnels,  thlrty-flve  feet  long,  showed  ore  assaying  $4  to  $5fi.  while  another 
of  the  same  length  shows  some  galena.  The  fourth  chi  of  the  group  Is  on 
the  Mornlrig  Star  ledge,  which  crops  iwenty  feet  wide  >nd  is  opened  by  a 
thlrty-fooi   'unnel. 

The  Jui  ho,  owned  by  Kdwnrd  L.  En.-iel  and  lOdward  McDade,  is  on  the 
southwest  extension  of  the  Big  Raymond,  and  has  a  tunnel  140  feet  showing 
ore  all  across  the  face,  of  which  assays  have  langKi  from  $G  to  $140.  .A  cross- 
cut Is  In  sixty  feet  and  will  tap  the  ledge  in  forty  feet  more. 

The  northeast  extension  of  the  Edison  Is  the  Llda,  owned  by  \V.  J,  Riley 
and  A.  Vermurler.  on  which  a  fifteen-foot  shaft  shows  good  ore.  On  a  twenty- 
foot  ledge  joining  the  l-'Idlson  on  the  m  t  thwest  W.  J.  Riley  and  E.  Seronl  have 
the  Castle  and  an  exter'slon,  where  n  thirty-foot  ti  nnel  shows  four  feet  of  ore 
assaying  $25  gold.  b€sldes  sbver.  The  Whnleback.  on  a  southen'^t  extension 
of  the  Edison  ledge,  owned  by  W.  J.  Riley  and  Peter  Chlodo,  has  fifteen  feet 
of  concentrating  ore  assaying  from  $4  lo  $10. 

The  Mineral  Mountain  Mining  ni'.l  Milling  Company  has  tl-.e  TTtulaunted 
group  of  four  claims  on  Mineral  M  .iintain.  which  rises  to  the  west  of  the 
creek,  and  has  projected  a  main  tunnel  to  cut  all  the  thirteen  ledges  which 
vein  this  peak.  On  one  claim  it  has  two  ledges,  one  five  cr  six  feet  wide, 
with  six  to  thirty-six  inches  of  iron  sulphuret  ore  shown  in  a  thlrty-flv.  foot 
tunnel,  assays  ranging  from  $18  to  $05  gold.  The  other  ledge  Is  fifteen  i  iches 
wide,  with  four  or  five  inches  of  ore.  running  $30  to  $70  gold  and  silver.  (5n 
another  claim  is  an  eight-foot  ledge  in  which  are  small  seams  of  pyrltlc  ore 
assaying  $12  gold.  On  the  Gold  Stardnr.l  is  a  ledg(!  var.\lng  In  width  from 
twelve  to  forty  feet,  on  which  an  open  lut  and  tunnel  fifteen  feet  deep  show 
seams  of  pay  ore  aggregating  nowhen-  less  ttian  three  feet  and  assnylni? 
$12  to  $45  gold,  besides  silver,  copper,  nickel  and  cobalt,  for  which  it  wajs  not 
assayed.  On  the  Jessie  are  three  ledges  ranging  from  eighteen  inches  to 
8ix  feet,  of  which  the  iwc  smaller  ones  are  undeveloped,  but  the  larger  one 
has  eighteen  to  thirty-six  inches  of  pay  ore  showing  in  open  cuts  and  assay- 
ing $12  to  $40  gold.  This  company  Is  arranging  to  begin  development  in  the 
spring,  wltli  a  view  to  shipping  ore  before  August,  and  intends  to  patent  its 
property. 

On  the  extension  of  the  Gold  Standard  Oliver  Blsn^r  has  the  Hancock, 
where  the  ledge  shows  hfteen  to  thirty  feet  wide,  with  seams,  of  pay  ore 
aggregating  eighteen  to  thirty-six  inches  and  carrying  iron  and  copper  sul- 
phides, with  some  nickel  and  cobalt,  shown  in  a  forty-foot  tunnel. 

The  Gold  Fagle  group  of  three  claims  on  Silver  Tip  Mountain,  owned  by 
W.  J.  Caplin,  Willinm  Hacker  and  Stephen  Tfolbrook,  of  Tacoma,  is  on  a 
ledge  sho\.  Ing  fine-gr.-ilned  white  Iron  sulphides,  copper  sulphides  and  gray 
copper,  averaging  $12  to  $15  gold  across  the  led.ge,  and  showing  the  full  width 
of  a  tunnel  175  fept  long.  Parallel  wltn  the  Gold  Eagle  on  the  northeast  is  the 
Last  Chance,  owned  by  W.  J.  Caplin,  on  a  ledge  thirty  feet  wide,  in  which 
streaks  of  copiter  and  iron  sulphides  four  to  twenty-four  inches  wide,  assay- 
ing $14  gold,  are  shown  In  a  twenty-foot  open  cross-cut. 

The  Remonille  group  ot  three  claims  is  on  a  ledge  running  up  Hnbbart'a 
Peak  and  is  owned  by  Peter  Chlodo  and  W.  J.  Caplin.  It  is  shown  three 
feet  wide  in  a  twenty-five  foot  tunnel  and  widens  on  the  middle  claim  to 
ten  feet,  assays  Kunning  about  $10  gold.  On  the  Marengo  James  Peccolo,. 
A.  Peccolo  and  Peter  Hartle  have  a  large  ledge  of  pyrites  cut  by  Silver  Creek, 
and  the  same  parties,  with  55.  T.  Holden.  hnve  the  Delcho  on  the  extension 
up  the  mountain.  On  the  Combination,  running  iown  to  Silver  Creek,  Messrs. 
Riley  and  Holden,  of  Seattle,  and  Hall,  of  Chicago,  have  a  twenty-four  inch 
ledge  with  twelve  inches  of  pay  ore. 

Among  the  discoveries  of  189fi  in  this  vlc'nlty  Is  the  St.  TiOUls  group  of  four 
claims  by  C.  S.  Gleason,  W.  W.  Glazier,  W.  P.  Rahcock  and  A.  S.  Gibbs. 
They  are  on  a  ledge  ranging  from  five  to  fifteen  feet  wide  running  through 


^ 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


the  granite  near  the  bed  of  the  main  creek  and  up  the  mountain  acroos  St. 
Louis  Guloh  and  the  heart  of  Hancock  to  the  summit  of  the  divide  between 
Hancock  and  Molybdenum  Oulchcs.  As  It  cnls  throuKh  both  the  grranlte  of 
the  creek  bed  and  the  syenite  of  the  mountalr,  It  Is  evidently  a  true  fissure 
vein  of  groat  stronKth.  As  It  la  undeveloped  only  surface  assays  have  been 
obtalneu.  A  pay  streak  el^ht  to  twelve  Inches  on  one  wall  yields  $4.13  gold, 
$3.1)1  sliver,  $5.05  copper,  and  a  two-Inch  streak  lies  against  the  other  wall, 
besides  five  feet  of  concentrating  ore.  J.  C.  Hubbart  and  C.  S.  Qleason  have 
the  Blarkstone  on  a  lodge  eleven  feet  wide,  which  cuts  across  Hancock  Oulch 
and  probably  runs  Into  the  St.  Louis  ledge,  surface  assays  showing  4  ounce* 
silver,  n.9  per  cent,  copper. 

The  Jasperson,  Bullion  King  and  Sigma,  which  have  been  relocated  by 
Joseph  ('arlgnan,  A.  P.  Mlchaud  and  J.  O.  Robinson,  are  on  a  ledge  In  many 
places  as  wide  as  thirty  feet,  which  cuts  clean  through  the  mountain  and  can 
be  traced  from  the  west  fork  of  Silver  C^reek  over  the  Sultan  and  Stllla- 
guaml.^h  divides.  The  pay  streak  carries  Iron  and  copjM^r  pyrites,  carbonates 
of  copper  ard  galena,  assaying  from  $12  to  $138  In  gold  and  silver,  with  some 
copper.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  175  feet  to  cut  under  .in  outcrop  of  ore  six  to 
eight  feet  wide  where  the  ledge  attains  a  width  of  thirty  feet,  but  when  In 
seventy-five  feet  ran  off  the  pay  streak,  leaving  It  to  the  north. 

On. the  same  ledge  Is  the  (lold  P.ar  group  oif  three  claims,  owned  by  the 
Gold  Bar  Mining  Company,  which  will  begin  development  this  spring. 

The  Ntitlonnl,  now  owned  by  E.  Q.  Kruoger,  has  another  strong  ledge. 
Which  cuts  through  to  the  Sultan  Divide.  The  ledge  Is  really  a  dike  of 
porphyry  fully  soventy-five  feet  wide,  all  slightly  mineralized,  with  a  pay 
streak  of  talc  ciirrylng  iron  nnd  copper  pyrites  and  carbonates  of  copper 
three  to  three  and  one-half  feet  wii^e.  assays  of  which  average  about  $35  gold 
and  silver.  The  talc  along  the  footwall  assays  $18  go'd  and  silver,  and  the 
richer  strenks  one  to  three  Inches  wide  run  $300  and  more.  A  cross-cut  has 
been  run  fifty-six  feet  from  the  cropping  to  the  pay  streak  on  the  footwall, 
and  a  tunnel  was  then  run  185  feet  on  the  pay  streak,  showing  ore  all  the  way. 
Above  this  tunnel  three  distinct  veins  of  ore  can  be  traced,  coming-  togther 
In  the  dike. 

On  the  exten.>?lon  of  the  National  down  to  the  west  fork  of  Silver  Creek 
Is  the  Diamond  Hitch,  owned  by  E.  G.  Krueger,  Jasper  Compton  and  H.  A. 
Noble,  Oi  Seattle.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  forty-flve  feet  on  a  three  or  four 
inch  stringer  to  the  ledge. 

On  extensions  of  the  National  ledge  J.  O.  Robinson  has  the  Mllke  Maru 
■and  J.  J.  Hill.  He  has  run  two  tunnels,  twenty  and  fifty  feet,  showing  four- 
teen to  forty-eight  Inches  of  Iron  and  eopper  pyrltefl,  which  assay  $17  gold, 
4  ounces  sliver,  3  per  cent,  copper. 

On  a  four-foot  ledge  parallel  with  the  Jim  Hill  the  Treasure  Mining  Com- 
pnnv  li;q  the  Treasure  Box  and  Horseshoe,  on  which  a  pixteen-foot  tunnel 
1=1      •  •      tvht  Inches  of  ore  nssaylng  $17  to  $27  gold,  besides  considerable  copper. 

'"  a  ledge  parallel  with  the  National,  which  crops  out  eight  to  ten  feet 
'A'Mc  nd  carries  Iron  pyrites,  George  Probst,  of  Seattle,  has  the  Wllen  and 
-Mil  on  which  he  has  driven  a  cross-cut  tunnel  sixty  feet,  and  expects  to 
tar  the  ledge  In  another  twenty  feet. 

The  Webster,  relocation  of  the  old  Trade  Dollar,  and  Its  extension  are 
■>v  ned  by  Messrs.  Krueger,  Compton  and  Noble.  The  ledge  has  not  beeii 
•U'flncd,  but  a  tunnel  eighty  feet  on  the  footwall  shows  twenty-three  Inches 
■)f  ore  carrying  steel  galena  and  gold,  which  assays  $45  gold,  $8  silver,  besldts 
■  ead.  The  pay  streak  pinched  out  for  a  few  feet,  but  has  since  come  In  again 
IS  wide  as  ever.  On  the  extension  of  the  Webster  ledge  W.  E.  Smith,  of 
Seattle,  has  the  Gipsy  Queen,  on  which  there  is  a  twenty-foot  tunnel. 

On  the  extension  of  the  Anna  ledge  Joseph  Carlgnan  has  the  Lucky  Joe, 
With  six  to  twelve  Inches  of  pay  ore  carrying  about  $30  gold.  On  the  west 
side  of  the  creek  A.  J.  Maxwell  and  James  Spurr  have  the  Ben  Butler  on  a 
twelve  to  fifteen  fooi  ledge,  with  pay  streaks  aggregating  twelve  to  thirty 
Inches,  on  which  they  navo  a  tunnel  sixty  feet.  On  the  same  ledge  H.  H. 
Lewis  artd  W.  E.  Ledgerwood,  of  Seattle,  have  patented  the  Emma  Bess, 
running  up  Hancock  Gulch,  on  which  there  are  two  tunnels  twenty-five  and 
thirty  feet. 

On  Stralght-up  Gulch  is  a  series  of  ledges  thi  "^e  to  twelve  feet  wide,  on 
-which  the  principal  group  Is  the  Crown  Point  of  ■'Ixteen  claims  owned  by 
E.  J.  Loyhed  and  Floyd  Clark,  of  Seattle,  and  John  t-'tretch,  of  Munroe.  On 
■the  Crawford  claim  they  have  driven  a  tunnel  sixty  feet  on  a  twelve-fuot 
ledge  of  pyrltic  ore  carrying  some  galena.  On  the  v  est  side  of  the  creek, 
opposite  Stralght-up  Gulch.  Is  the  Red  Cloud  group  c?  three  claims,  owned 
by  the  Red  Cloud  Mining  Company.  All  the  claims  i  re  on  a  ledge  four  to 
six  feet  wide,  with  a  pay  streak  of  pyrites  three  to  nine  Inches  and  a  vein  of 
load  carbonates.  A  tunnel  has  been  driven  sixty  feet  on  the  Red  Cloud. 
L.  L.  Johnson  has  the  jim  Dandy  group  of  six  claliT<s  on  a  series  of  ledges 
cutting  across  Stralght-up  Gulch.  One  ledge  Is  twenty-two  feet  wide,  with 
an  elght-ltich  ray  streak  of  copper  and  Iron  pyrites,  assaying  as  high  as  $R0 
In  gold  and  .silver,  shown  In  two  tunnels,  one  of  them  forty  feet  long.  The 
other  ledges  are  of  less  width  and  carry  the  same  kind  of  ore.  exeunt  that 
-one  has  a  two-foot  pay  streak  of  arsenical  iron,  assaying  $16  to  $40  gold, 
.^besides  silver,  and  in  another  copper  pyrites  predominates. 


MINING     IN     THE     PACIFIC     NORTHWEST. 


:rona  3t. 

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:\  11(1  can 

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RunnlnK  up  frbm  the  east  bank  of  Silver  Creek  Is  the  Bluff  Kroup  of  flv* 
claims,  held  by  A.  P.  Mtchaud  and  A.  W.  Hawka.  One  haa  a  four-foot  ledK» 
with  a  two-Inch  pay  atroak  carrying  gold  and  copper.  Another  twenty  feet 
wide  has  a  four-Inch  pay  streak  of  white  Iron  ore,  shown  In  a  twenty-foot 
tunnel.  The  whole  ledge  Is  mineralized  and  gave  an  average  assay  of  $7. 50" 
gold,  besldea  some  cojtpt'r.  The  remaining  claim  Is  on  a  parallel  Unlee  to  the 
south,  of  whi.'h  the  crojiplngs  run  well  In  copper  and  carry  galena,  and  a 
short  tunnel  shows  ore  the  full  width.  On  tl.e  west  side  of  the  creek  A.  P. 
MIchaud  and  Eugene  (.'hevrette  have  the  M.  ^r  H.  No.  2  and  an  extension  oiv 
the  Bluff  ledge,  with  pay  atreaka  eighteen  Inches  on  the  footwall  and  fourteen 
Inches  on  the  hanging  wall,  assaying  $24  gold,  besides  silver  and  copper. 
They  also  have  the  Last  Dollar  on  the  west  e-vtenslon  of  another  of  the  Bluff 
ledges,  the  ten-Inch  pay  streak  assaying  $18  gold  and  7  per  c    nt.  copper. 

Below  this  group,  on  the  west  side  of  the  creek,  la  the  Billy  Lee  group  of 
five  claims,  owned  by  the  silver  Creek,  Snohomish  and  Port  Gardner  MInlnjf 
Company.  Two  claims  are  on  a  ledge  about  nine  feet  wide,  with  a  slxteen- 
Inch  pay  streak  of  Iron  pyrites  showing  In  a  1.'>l-foot  tunnel,  assays  of  which- 
have  ranged  all  the  way  from  $10  to  $210.  The  other  three  claims  are  oi> 
parallel  ledges. 

On  another  :,dge  parallel  with  these  and  as  wide  as  forty  feet  JoV)  Fields 
haa  the  Rut>'  King,  on  w.ich  he  nas  driven  a  tunnel  sixty  feet  and  a  cross-cut 
twenty  fi^et,  all  In  whue  Iron  and  copper  ore,  which  averages  $;iO  gold.  Mr. 
Fields,  with  others,  has  an  elght-fnot  lodge  with  a  twenty-four  Inch  pay 
streak  of  similar  ore  on  the  Sliver  Slipper,  which  has  been  tapped  by  a  forty- 
foot  tunnel.  Assays  of  the  pay  streak  rur  as  hleh  as  $80  gold.  Messrs. 
Northriip  and  Pa'.rl(>ks,  of  Snohomish,  have  the  Gold  Boy  on  a  ledge  sixteen 
feet  wide,  on  which  n  twenty-foot  tunnel  shows  two  feet  of  pay  ore  averaglnsr 
$16  gold.  On  the  west  extension  of  this  ledge  .John  McQloyne  and  others  have 
the  Jamboree,  on  which  a  twenty-foot  tunnel  and  a  shaft  twenty  feet  deep 
show  four  feet  of  pay  ore. 

Thp  Van'dalla  group  on  Cascade  Gulch,  consisting  of  five  claims,  is  one 
of  the  few  groups  In  which  silver  Is  the  chief  value.  The  claims  are  on  a 
series  of  ledges  nut  by  tue  gulch,  where  the  outcrops  show  plainly.  The 
Vandalia  ledge  la  twenty  feet  wide  on  the  lace  of  the  mountain  and  Is  all 
slightly  mineralized,  with  a  pay  streak  ranping  from  six  to  eighteen  Inches 
and  occasionally  widening  to  three  feet,  cirrylng  galena,  carbonates  and 
aulphureta  which  assay  $'»0  In  gold,  silver  and  learf*  A  mill  test  gave  $27  for 
all  values  over  freight  and  treatment.  A  fhaft  has  been  sunk  seventy-five 
feet  Oil  the  ledge  and  from  It  two  levels  have  been  run,  eighty  and  ninety  feet, 
to  the  open  air  on  the  side  of  the  gulch.  Another  tunnel  was  run  forty-five  feet 
to  tap  the  ledge  and  then  runa  along  It  for  220  feet  more.  At  a  point  100  feet 
deeper  a  croaa-cnt  tunnel  haa  been  run  355  feet,  tapping  the  flrat  ledge  at  a 
depth  of  700  feet  and  showing  It  two  to  three  feet  wide.  When  extended  ID* 
feet  further  It  will  tap  the  next  ledge  at  a  depth  of  1.250  ffeet,  and  the  others 
at  greater  depth  ranging  up  to  3,000  feet.  There  are  100  tons  of  ore  on  ther 
dump,  200  tons  having  been  washed  down  the  creek  by  a  flood  In  1894,  and  IE 
Is  estimated  that  there  are  19.500  tons  In  sight  averaging  $20  over  freight  an* 
treatment.  The  owners  "re  P.  L.  Leslie,  Edward  Blewett,  F.  A.  McDonalcl 
and  H.  A.  Noble. 

On  a  ledge  about  twenty  feet  wide  opposite  the  Lockwood  Gulch  A.  P. 
MIchaud  and  A.  W.  Hawka  have  the  Texas  group  of  five  clalma,  extending 
across  the  creek.  On  the  east  end  there  are  a  twenty-foot  tunnel  and  a 
thirty-foot  open  cut  showing  a  four-foot  pay  streak  carrying  white  Iron  an* 
running  high  in  gold.  On  another  claim  an  open  cut  forty  feet  along  th& 
ledge  shows  six  or  seven  ore  veins  about  two  Inches  wide,  which  assay  from 
$46  to  $363  gold  and  a  trace  of  silver,  and  ten  Inches  of  talc  which  averages 
120  gold. 

On  the  east  side  of  the  creek  are  the  Beatrice  and  Sunset,  owned  by  M.  A. 
Green,  H.  T.  Hannon  and  R.  M.  Crawford,  on  which  is  a  twenty-foot  ledge 
showing  In  a  sixty-foot  tunnel  from  three  to  Six  feet  of  decomposed  quartz, 
which  carries  galena  and  lead  carbonates  and  assays  as  high  as  $80  gold  and 
Bll/er.     Mr.  Crawford's  Interest  has  been  bonde<l  by  his  partners. 

On  Moore's  Gulch  William  Johns  and  L.  C.  Morse  have  the  Mayflower  ana 
two  extensions  on  a  ledge  about  twenty  feet  wide,  on  which  a  thirty-foot 
tunnel  shows  a  pay  streak  of  eight  to  thirty-six  Inches  of  decomposed  pyrites 
assaying  $12  gold. 

The  Michigan  group  of  three  claims  on  Michigan  Gulch  la  owned  by  the- 
Michigan  Gulch  Mining  Company.  Two  clalma  are  on  a  ledge  about  thie© 
feet  wide,  with  two  to  iifteen  Inches  of  pyiites  and  zinc  Ore  assaying  ,ibout 
$70  gold,  and  the  other  Is  on  a  cross  ledge  two  to  three  feet  wide,  with  three 
Inches  of  pay  ore  assaying  about  $40  gold.  The  cross  ledge  Is  shewn  up  by  a 
seventy-foot  tunnel,  which  cross-cuts  the  rrain  ledge. 

On  the  mountain  above  Michigan  Gulch  P.  L.  Leslie  and  J.  C.  Hubbavt 
have  the  Anaconda,  on  which  there  are  four  parallel  and  one  cross  .t.  .<* 
varying  in  width  from  three  to  thirty  feet,  with  ore  bodies  from  eighteen 
Inches  on  the  smaller  to  iiiteen  feet  on  the  wider  ledges,  shown  by  a  twenty- 
foot  tjnnel  on  the  largest  ledge  and  open  ctits  on  the  others.  The  ore  would 
concentrate  anywhere  <'-cr-  ''  ''■*'•  ■•  up  to  6  into  1  and  the  concentrates  would. 
It  is  estimated,  carry  about  $42  gold. 


t2 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


On  the  east  bank  of  the  creek,  a  rnUe  above  Galena,  Ezra  McLaughlin  and 
A.  D.  Austin  have  the  Ironclad  group  of  four  claims  on  a  ledge  of  concen- 
trating ore  about  twenty  feet  wide,  on  which  an  eighty-foot  tunnel  shows  a 
small  pay  streak  of  white  iron  running  about  $t;0  in  gold.  On  a  parallel  ledga 
about  eight  feet  they  have  the  McKinley,  on  which  a  forty-foot  tunnel  shows 
a  ten-Inch  pay  streak  of  decomposed  quartz  carrying  pyrites. 

A  mile  ip  the  west  bank  of  the  creek  the  Silver  Creek  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany has  Ihe  Westianii  <?roup  of  five  claims  on  tliree  ledges  of  sulphide  ore. 
One  of  these,  eight  to  t^l'elve  feet  wide  between  syenite  and  granite  walls, 
is  exposed  for  900  feet,  an.i  in  a  forty-seven  foot  tunnel  shows  three  and  one- 
half  feet  of  pay  ore  averaging  $20  gold,  silver  and  copper.  Another  crops 
twenty  to  thirty  fc-et  wide  between  granite  walls,  and  in  a  ten-foot  shaft 
shows  concentrating  ore  carrying  $5  to  $25  gold,  reducing  eight  or  ten  tons 
Into  one.  The  third  ledge  is  exposed  four  feet  wide  for  300  feet,  and  In  a 
fifteen -foot  tunnel  shows  arsenical  iron  assaying  $18  to  %Zti  gold. 

The  Oro  Fino  group  of  live  claims,  immediately  adjoining  Galena  City, 
has  a  ledge  se\cn  feet  wide  covered  by  three  claims,  on  which  an  eighty-foot 
tunnel  show.s  four  feet  of  copper  pyrites  containing  masses  of  native  copper 
and  giving  an  average  assay  of  $56  gold  and  copper,  the  copper  ranging  from 
38  to  25  per  cent.  On  the  other  claims  a  thirty-five  foot  tunnel  and  fifteen-foot 
shaft  show  three  feet  of  similar  ore. 

The  Evergreen,  owned  by  the  Silver  Creek  Gold  and  Copper  Mining  Com- 
pany, Is  on  a  ledne  sixteen  to  twenty  feet  wide  running  down  to  tlie  creek 
from  the  east,  2,000  feet  above  Galena.  The  first  work  was  a  thirty-foot 
tunnel,  which  showed  up  three  feet  of  solid  iron  pyritec  and  chalcopyrite, 
assaying  $25  'o  $30.  A  cross-cut  tunnel  was  then  run  seventy-five  feet  below 
and  tapped  the  ledge  in  twenty-five  feet.  It  has  been  continued  seventy-rive 
feet  alone  the  ledge  and  ran  through  a  body  of  solid  ore  two  to  four  feet  wide, 
the  mineral  being  chalcopyrite  carrying  gold  and  averaging  about  $30.  On 
the  footwfjU  is  another  body  of  ore  carrying  about  $24  gold.  Thi  copper  value 
ranges  from  3  to  27  per  cent,  and  the  gold  from  $5  to  $65,  besides  a  few  ounces 
of  silver. 

On  lio  P. -I.,  which  is  on  the  east  bank  half  a  mile  above  Galena,  J.  J. 
■iheehan,  of  Seattle,  and  Frank  McCall,  of  Stanwood,  have  a  four-foot  ledge 
in  which  several  surface  cuts  have  shown  two  feet  of  copper  sulphides  and 
galena,  assaying  on  an  average  $32  copper,  $26  silver.  On  the  Gray  Eagle, 
below  the  P.-I.,  Messrs.  Sheehan,  McCall  and  Ezra  McLaughlin  have  a  ledge 
of  the  same  kind  of  ore,  which  they  will  strike  by  extending  a  thirty-foot 
cross-cut  twenty  feet  further.  At  the  head  of  Pole  Gulch,  on  the  west  bank, 
J  J.  Sheehan,  John  Wallace,  M  A.  Green  and  Claud  Morris  have  the  Eiditor 
on  a  twenty-four  Inch  ledge  of  pay  ore  carrying  galena  throughout,  as  shown 
by  surface  cuts,  assays  running  about  $3S  silver. 

The  same  mhiers.l  belt  extends  across  the  divide  on  the  p'ast  Into  the 
canyon  of  Troubie.some  Creek,  which  enters  the  Noi'th  Skykomlsh  two  miles 
aV-iove  Silver  Crei'sTc,  tlie  late  J.  C.  Lillis  having  made  the  first  discovery. 
The  format'on  there  aJso  )s  granite,  with  son  i  slate  in  the  basin  at  the  hea.d, 
and  the  ledges  cut  it  in  an  east  and  west  tjurse,  with  some  cross  ledges 
The  ore  is  generally  In  white  quartz  and  runs  higher  in  silver  than  most  o' 
that  on  Silver  Creek. 

The  principal  group  Is  the  Daisy  of  ten  claims,  owned  by  Hon.  H.  C*. 
Struve,  Hon.  John  B.  Allen,  E.  C.  Hughes,  Maurice  MoMicken,  of  Seattle, 
and  Hon.  John  C.  Denney,  of  Snohomish,  Five  claims  are  on  a  ledge  ranging 
from  four  to  twelve  feet  Wiv»e  between  granite  walls,  which  have  bct^n  stripped 
for  about  3,000  feet  by  snowslides.  Cn  the  nurface  there  la  about  i  wenty-four 
Inches  of  galena  and  ar.sen!cal  Iron  ore  exposed,  of  which  eight  inches  is  on 
each  wall,  and  a  fifteen-foot  shaft  and  a  fifty-foot  tunnel  show  from  two  to 
three  feec  of  ore  on  the  footwsll,  with  the  possibility  of  other  .streaks  v;hen 
the  ledge  is  cross-cut  to  the  hanging  wall.  Assays  range  from  $7  t>j  $70  gold 
and  as"  high  aa  $60  silver,  the  average  being  at  least  $20  for  both  values. 
Two  claims  are  on  an  eight-foot  cross  ledge  running  into  the  main  ledge  from 
the  west.  In  which  an  elghtocn-inch  pay  streak  carries  90  to  168  ounces  sliver 
and  $8  gold,  while  the  other  claims  arf,  on  small  sp  'rs. 

The  Coron.u  group  of  two  claims  is  on  a  flat  ledge  half  way  up  th« 
mountain,  near  the  head  of  the  ?f  iSdie  fork,  and  is  owned  by  A.  C  Lincoln. 
A.  L.  Wallera  and  Ij.  Ji.  Parsons,  all  of  Seattle.  On  the  surface  it  had  a  pay 
streak  carrying  gold  and  V)roroide  of  silver,  one  specimen  of  which  assayed 
5,000  ounces  silver,  while  the  lowest  assay  was  $60  silver,  and  the  gold  vulue 
ran  as  high  as  ?22.  In  a  sixty- five 'foot  tunnel  the  ledge  has  widened  to  six 
Jfeet  and  the  pay  streak  to  three  feet,  but  the  value  is  not  as  high  as  near 
the  surface. 

one  .qnd  one-half  miles  above  the  Daisy 
vei  claims,  owned  by  J.  N.  Scott,  William 
lett.  Three  claims  are  on  a  ledge  capped 
between  granite  and  slate  walls.  It  has 
Beveral  streak.y.  throe  to  eighteen  Inches  wide,  of  arsenical  iron  and  sulphides, 
assays  of  which  run  from  $8  to  $56  gold,  a  little  sliver  and  2  to  3  per  cent, 
capper.  A  cross-cut  has  been  run  twenty  feet  Into  the  ledge  and  will  go 
through  It  in  ten  feet  more.  On  another  ledge  about  five  feet  wide,  with  eight 
to  ten  Inches  of  Iron  sulpnurets,  are  two  more  claims,  and  on  a  ten-foot  ledg* 
carrying  sulphurets  throughout  are  the  two  other  claims. 


On    L..0  west  side  of  the  basin. 

froup,  is  the  Great  Scott  group  of  " 
tennlson  and  A.  W.  Hawks,  of  •    ,' 
with  iron,  twenty  to  forty  feet  w 


y,  ... 


ghlin  and 
f  concen- 
.  shows  a 
lUel  ledga 
nei  shows 

ing  Com- 
ihide  ore. 
ite  walls, 

and  one- 
her  crops 
oot  shaft 

ten  tons 
and  in  a 

ena  City, 
ghiy-foot 
ve  copper 
?lng-  from 
t'teen-foot 

ling  Com- 
tlie  creek 
hirty-foot 
-Icopyrite. 
eet  below 
venty-rive 
feet  wide, 
:  $30.  On 
)per  value 
jw  ounces 

ena,  J.  J. 
foot  ledga 
hides  and 
ay  Eagle, 
/e  a  ledge 
hirty-foot 
rest  bank, 
he  Editor 
as  shown 

;  into  the 
two  miles 
discovery, 
the  hea.d, 
ss  ledges, 
n  most  of 

on.    H,   G. 

)f  Seattle, 
re  ranging 
n  stripped 
renty-four 
ches  is  on 
)ni  two  to 
iaks  v/hen 
tu  170  gold 
Lh  values, 
edge  from 
ices  sliver 

ly  up  th« 
\  Lincoln, 
had  a  pay 
h  assayed 
Efold  value 
ned  to  six 
h  as  near 

the  Daisy 
t,  William 
ge  capped 
la.  Tt  has 
sulphides, 
per  cent, 
id  will  go 
with  eight 
■foot  leog* 


-:i-i«rf'^ 


jSKkiaritttiiLrflaMlf   '(;*'*» 


i^iwiywuiiini 


'  r^.mimmmwmmmxarsvv^a* 


» 


SILVER  CREf 


SNOHOMISttSCOUNtY. 
WASHmfi£|»<i. 


min.no  in  TKg  p.-»i3trio  i>aniiiw.»' 


^mmmmn 


R  CREEK 


INDEX  TO  NUMBERED  CUdKS 
P 

1.  Kmma  Miy>n>. 

2.  Jenuit-  1). 


HOMIS||I?COiJNTY. 


Sonth  of  Minernl  City 

1.  Bed  Ciond. 

2.  Cleveland. 

3.  PorMund 

4.  St  Pftnl. 

5.  Bluff. 

6.  Keward. 

7.  A.  P.  A. 

8.  StmstiiRiv 

9.  Crown  Point 
10,  Crawford. 
U.  Jim  Dandy. 

12.  Silver  Slipper. 

13.  Kadger. 

14.  Billy  to. 

15.  Ellen. 

16.  Ruby  King. 

17.  Era. 
la  Transfer. 

19.  Vaudallia. 
.2a  Blue  Bird. 

21.  Idaho. 

22.  Oretctien 

23.  Warwick. 
2'L  Lock^ood  Oronp. 
2E,  Teiaa 

26.  Sunset 

27.  Mayflower. 

28.  editor. 

20.  Anaconda. 
30.  Xichigan. 
'  L  Nest  Egg. 

32,  Olympia. 

33.  P.-I. 
S4.  Grey  Kajfle. 

35.  McKinley 

36.  Maud. 

37.  Oroflno. 

38.  King  Bee, 

39.  Everj?reen. 

40.  Diamond. 


<^^  CypiM-r  Voeen. 


9CA!  S  Of  MILW> 


•■TajctruPtJi 


3.  Orphan  hoy 

4.  Stockton. 

5.  Dutihmau. 

6.  Q.  T. 

7.  Wildcat 
3.  Little  Lee. 

9.  Wild  Woisbmaa 

10.  CoBDiopolitan. 

11.  0.4.  B. 

12.  Bingo. 

13.  F.  KDuvw 

14.  Otsego. 

15.  Lady  of  the  Lak«. 

16.  Leater. 

17.  Silver  I'ip. 

18.  Lakeview. 
1!(.  Edith 

20.  Edn;i. 

21.  Siver  Lake. 

22.  Mascotte. 
•=!3.  Zeta. 
■ii.  Rainbow. 

25.  Boston. 

26.  Llilie  (i. 

27.  Hettie, 
28:  Jnmbo. 

29.  Edison. 

30.  yda. 

31.  Looise. 

32.  Homeward  Bound. 

33.  Gold  Bar. 

34.  Little  Diamond. 

35.  Billy  Goat 
m.  Jim  HUl. 

37.  .Miike  Maru. 

38.  Horseshoe. 

39.  Trea.sure  Boi. 

40.  .lasperson. 

41.  C.  R.  ft  M. 

42.  Signia. 

43.  .Tessie. 

44.  National. 

45.  Diamond  Hitch. 

46.  Barney  Barnato. 

47.  Gold  Stjindard. 

48.  Hancock. 

49.  White  Pine 

50.  Alki. 

51.  EUa. 

52.  Gypsy  Qnceu. 

53.  Daniel  Webater, 

64,  Alice. 

65.  Katie. 

56,  Hard  Pan. 

57.  Sultan. 
68.  Grao! 

59.  Anna. 

60.  Lucky  Joe. 
01.  Hnbbart 

62.  Emma  Boos. 

63.  Ben  Botlei^ 

64.  Aalilaud, 

65.  Jouft 

66.  BlMJay. 

67.  Ofcjton. 

68.  St  Loiiia. 
69  White  Hoonf 
70.  Blackstoue. 
"1   yooen.  . 

72.  LnekvBoy 

73.  Hurqjitg  8tar 

74.  !;etti»  g. 

76.  Job. 

7C.  Monarch. 

77.  SilV'T  OtieiD. 

78.  Hid'S.ii  Wealth. 

79.  Colorad.) 

80.  Last  Chance. 

81.  Mountain  BeAui>- 

82.  Gold  Kngle. 

83.  Sew  StriPa 

84.  Jfortonat*. 

85.  Harrv  Loe. 


80.  Minr.eh»iifu 
90.  Paorift 
m  Hope. 
92  Liifky  fiunsSf*;, 
93.  Cera  M. 
m.  Trirasipb. 
05.  LfjjtMope. 
(W.  EaA^oiiiie. 
ill.  Groat  ISeott 
»fl,  Coruua. 
J9  DwBy. 


,rvmm»*mm»m 


,.iS5.'«sSri!'ii**.t  ftSas  ivb?ivi?i*):i*,sfiiS»ii«fe!»^3as.-iaa 


The  sai 
to  Salmon 
from  the  e 
A.  D.  Aust 
and  carryl 
others  are 

The  gr 
rout  i  Is  n 
structed  li 
syndicate 
Galena,  a 
following-  1 
*!ng-lneerin 
a  river  bai 
and  the  tii 
road  woul( 
and  woulc 
traffic. 


j^ 


■t' 


V 

6 

a 
c 

t: 
t< 


In  grot 

districts,  t 
most  west< 
ern  and  s 
boundary 
carry  it  al 
sessos  the 
Seattle  on 
one  goes  b 
by  hand,  a 
further  ur 
iiino  miles 
to  the  hea 
north  side 
at  Salmon 
and  goes  Y 
Beekler  R 
Seattle,  an 
Ing  both  tl 
Is  only  thi] 
at  Tacoma 

The  fo 
Brained  tr 
metamorp 
Index  alo: 
of  diorite 
slate  rock 
minerallzie 
with  a  n 
i^reat  size 
another, 
nro  ledges 
nite,  gray 
fissures,  a 
por-bearin 
pyritic  ore 
Creek  cop. 
led-  some  c 
posits  of  1 
until  last  j 
of  these  o 
taken  witi 

Howar 
from  the  : 
Immediate 
Co-operati 
of  these  ii 
phide  ore, 
the  way. 
feet  of  fh^ 
walls,  is 
galena  an( 
run  a  cro! 
and  400  fet 


MINING     IN    THK    PACIFiC     NORTHWEST.  U 

The  same  mineral  belt  has  also  been  traced  across  the  Silver  Creek  Divide 
to  Salmon  Creek  on  the  west.  On  Dominion  Gulch  running  into  Salmon  Creek 
from  the  east,  Is  the  Dominion  group  of  seven  clainis,  owned  by  J.  J.  Shcehan, 
A.  D.  Austin  and  A.  P.  Michauu.  Four  of  these  are  on  a  ledge  three  feet  wide 
and  carrying  galena  ore,  which  r\ins  northwest  and  southeast,  and  the  throe 
others  are  on  a  parallel  ledge  of  the  same  size  and  carrying  similar  ore. 

The  great  need  of  this  district  is  railroad  transportation,  for  which  the 
rout  i  Is  not  difficult,  and  there  is  some  prospect  that  a  road  may  be  con- 
structed In  the  next  two  years.  A  survey  was  made  in  the  fall  of  1896  by  a 
syndicate  Interested  In  the  district  for  a  narrO'W  gauge  line  from  Index  to 
Galena,  a  distance  of  nine  miles,  and  to  the  Troublesome,  two  miles  beyond, 
following-  the  valley  of  the  North  Skykomlsh  as  closely  as  possible.  The  only 
*ingineerlng  difficulties  would  be  two  blue  cl.ay  cuts  and  some  cribbing  alongf 
a  river  bar  half  a  mile  long,  thn  only  rock  work  being  on  a  hill  near  Galena, 
and  the  timber  along  the  right  of  way  being  ample  for  construction.  Such  a 
road  would  also  tap  the  rich  copper  belt  in  the  Index  Range  across  the  river 
and  would  so  stimulate  development  that  it  should  soon  have  a  lucrative 
traffic. 


INDEX. 


In  grouping  the  unorganized  mining  country  of  the  Cascade  Range  Into 
districts,  tliat  section  lying  in  the  lofty  spur  of  which  Mount  Index  Is  the 
most  westerly  peak  and  the  two  forks  of  the  Skykomish  River  are  the  north- 
ern and  southern  boundaries,  is  naturally  sot  off  by  Itself.  The  eastern 
boundary  remains  undetermined,  though  later  discoveries  will  probably 
carry  it  along  the  main  divide  of  the  range,  The  district  is  compact,  pos- 
sesses the  same  general  characteristics  and  Is  easily  accessible.  Leaving 
Seattle  on  the  Great  Northern  train  and  going  to  Index,  seventy-one  mllea, 
one  goes  by  road  five  miles  up  the  north  fork,  crosses  by  a  cable  ferry  worked 
by  hand,  and  travels  by  trail  four  miles  up  Trout  Creek;  or  g«es  two  miles 
further  up  tne  south  bank  and  up  Lost  Creek;  or  proceeds  along  the  road 
nine  miles  to  Galena  and  there  crosses  by  ferry  and  goes  by  trail  four  miles 
to  the  head  of  Howard  Creek.  These  are  tVie  routes  to  the  prop,  rties  on  the 
north  side  of  the  range.  In  order  to  reach  Eagle  Creek,  one  leaves  the  train 
at  Salmon  Station,  seventy-seven  miles  from  Seattle,  crosses  the  south  fork 
ind  goes  by  trail  eight  miles,  almost  to  the  head  of  the  creek.  In  going  up 
Beckler  River,  one  leaves  the  train  at  Skykomlsh,  eighty-five  miles  from 
Seattle,  and  goes  three  miles  by  wagon  road  and  eleven  miles  by  trail,  cross- 
ing both  the  south  fork  of  the  Skykomlsh  and  Beckler  River.  Index  Station 
Is  only  thirty-eight  miles  from  the  smelter  at  Everett  and  IC©  miles  from  that 
at  Tacoma, 

The  formation  of  this  district  is  metamorphlc  granite  diked  with  fine- 
grained trap  and  conglomerate,  and  overlaid  with  magneslan  limestone  and 
metamorphlc  slates.  Extending  along  the  backbone  of  the  range  from  Mount 
Index  along  the  course  of  Trout  Creek  Is  a  geologic  fold,  where  a  belt 
of  dlorite  has,  been  thrust  through  the  metamori'  io  ft  rmation  of  schist, 
slate  rock  and  quartzite  and  has  formed  a  line  of  '  ity  peaks.  A  series  of 
mineralized  ledges  cuts  this  form&tion  in  a  northw ;  st  and  southeast  course 
with  a  number  of  cross  ledges  running  north  and  south,  generally  of 
great  size  and  strength,  traceable  through  the  mountains  from  one  creek  to 
another.  In  the  primary  rocks,  apparently  in  contact  with  lime  and  slate, 
are  ledges  carrying  iron  sulphides,  ohalcopyrite,  copper  In  the  form  of  bor- 
nite,  gray  copper  and  some  red  and  black  oxide  of  copper,  while  in  true 
fissures,  also  in  the  primary  rocks,  ai'e  ledges  carrying  free  gold.  The  cop- 
per-bearing ledges  are  generally  capped  with  Iron,  like  those  of  the  belt  of 
pyritlc  ores  in  British  Columbia  and  the  Colville  Reservation,  and  on  Trout 
Creek  copper  is  found  in  association  with  specular  iron.  The  Iron  capping 
led  some  of  the  early  discoverers  to  Imagine  that  they  had  found  large  de- 
posits of  iron  ore  and  for  lack  of  thorough  prospecting  this  error  prevailed 
until  last  year,  as  It  did  on  Money  Creek  and  on  the  Skagit.  The  true  nature 
of  these  ores  has  now  been  made  plain  and  development  has  been  under- 
taken with  commendable  vigor  on  several  properties. 

Howard  Creek  rises  in  Howard  Lake  and  flows  generally  northward 
from  the  Index  range  into  the  ncrtii  foik,  in  a  course  of  about  four  miles. 
Immediately  below  the  lake  it  cuts  a  system  of  parallel  ledges,  on  wliich  thq 
Co-operative  Minijig  Syndicate  has  the  Howard  group  of  eleven  claims.  One 
of  these  is  porphyritic  quartz  carrying  sixteen  feet  of  clean  solid  Iron  sul- 
phide ore,  which  assays  $7  to  $120  gold.  A  sixteen-foot  tunnel  is  In  oro  all 
the  way.  On  the  same  string  of  claims  is  a  parallel  ledge  carrying  eight 
foot  of  the  same  kind  of  ore.  A  lower  parallel  ledge,  lorty  feet  between 
walls,  is  well  mineralized  with  Iron  and  copper  sulphides,  gray  copper, 
galena  and  zinc  and  has  been  traced  for  over  four  miles.  It  la  intended  to 
run  a  cross-cut  this  year  which  will  give  a  depth  of  100  feet  on-  this  ledge 
and  400  feet  on  the  sixteen-foot  ledge. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


The  Copper  group  of  four  claims  Is  on  a  ledfre  of  black  quartz  100  feet 
Vide,  Identical  in  formation  with  the  Silver  King  at  Nelson,  B.  C,  and  the 
'Coney  In  New  Mtxico.  It  shows  streaks  of  bornlte  widening  at  frequent 
Intervals  into  large  botlles,  which  carry  about  30  per  cent,  copper  and  some 
«rold  and  sliver,  twenty-four  inc'hcs  of  solid  bornlte  taken  from  one  point 
having  carried  $147  in  all  values.  This  group,  together  with  the  Howard 
group,  has  been  bonded  by  the  Co-operative  Mining  Syndicate  for  |15,000. 
with  the  condition  that  development  is  to  be  prosecuted  continuously. 

The  Black  Hawk  group  of  four  claims,  owned  by  the  Black  Hawk  Mining 
and  Concentrating  Co.,  runs  down  the  west  slope  of  Iron  Mountain  to  the 
creek,  one  and  one-half  miles  above  its  mouth,  on  two  parallel  ledges  capped 
■with  iron  and  carrying  gold-bearing  iron  and  copper  pyrites.  One  is  eighteen 
to  twenty  feet  wide  and  has  an  elghteen-inch  pay  streak  in  the  center. 
Shown  in  a  ten-foot  cut.  This  cut  Is  to  be  extended  by  a  200-foot  tunnel,  for 
which  a  contract  has  been  let  to  VV.  F.  Chadbourne,  and  after  the  completion 
of  which  patents  will  be  secured.  The  second  ledge  is  seven  to  edglit  feet 
wide  and  has  six  to  eight  inches  of  pay  ore.  Shipments  will  begin  as  soon 
aa  the  road  is  repaired. 

The  Iron  Mountain  group  of  six  claims,  owned  by  the  Iron  Mountain  Con- 
solidated Gold  and  Cop))er  Mining  Company,  is  on  a  supposed  extension  of  the 
Copper  group  ledge  within  a  mile  of  the  west  bank  of  the  North  Skykomlsh 
River.  There  is  a  series  of  six  well-detlned  ledges  with  several  stringers 
which  have  been  traced  four  miles  east  and  west.  They  range  from  four  to 
ten  feet  in  width  and  carry  ore  similar  to  that  of  the  Black  Hawk  group, 
though  one  shows  free  gold  on  the  surface.  Open  cuts  have  been  made  ten 
feet  deep  on  each  ledge,  and  a  contract  has  been  let  to  W.  F.  Chadbourne  for 
150  feet  of  tunnel,  most  of  it  to  be  on  one  ledge,  with  the  intention  of  securing 
patents  Immediately.  A  tramway  will  be  btlilt  to  the  road  and  shipping  begin 
as  soon  as  the  latter  can  be  repaired. 

Across  the  creek  from  the  lion  Mountain  group  la  the  Commercial  group 
of  two  claims,  owned  by  J.  A.  Cathcart,  H.  C.  Ewlng,  M.  A.  Green  and  John 
Wallace  on  a  ledge  of  iron  and  copper  pyrites  and  chalcopyrite  four  feet 
between  walls,  which  has  been  traced  about  600  feet  on  the  surface,  where  it 
assays  $15  to  $20  gold  and  copper. 

On  the  west  side  of  Iron  Mountain,  sloping  down  to  Lost  Creek,  the 
Lost  Creek  Mining  Company  has  three  claims  on  a  ledge  which  follows  the 
same  course  as  the  Iron  Mountain  group.  The  locations  were  made  in  1895 
by  Peter  Rucker,  who  mistook  the  deposits  for  iron  ore  In  consequence  of 
the  iron  capping,  and  sold  tliem  to  N.  Rudebeck  as  such.  Their  true  char- 
acter was  discovered  in  1896,  when  they  were  acquired  by  th§  company. 
The  ledge  is  shown  by  a  fair  amount  of  surface  work  to  be  twenty  feet  wld» 
and  carries  copper  pyrites,  a  mill  test  of  which  showed  16  8-10  per  cent, 
copper.  The  ore  makes  43  per  cent,  concentrates,  v/hich  assayed  26  per  cent, 
copper.  This  sample  was  taken  from  the  foot  of  the  bluft.  Into  which  a 
fifty-foot  tunnel  is  being  run.  The  same  company  has  two  claims  on  th» 
right  bank  df  the  north  Skykomish,  four  and  one-half  miles  from  Index,  on 
a  similar  ledge  four  feet  wide. 

In  a  basin  within  a  mile  of  the  head  of  the  west  fork  of  Trout  Creek  and 
on  the  mountains  on  its  left  bank  is  the  Copper  group  of  twenty-six  claims, 
owned  by  Col.  Benjamin  R.  Townsend  and  Andrew  Merchftnt.  Running 
diagonally  across  the  valley  below  the  basin,  including  Merchant's  peak  and 
showing  at  the  base  of  Headquarters  peak.  Is  the  belt  of  sedimentary  rock 
tn  which  occurs  the  geologic  fold  already  mentioned.  In  the  schistose 
formation  is  a  series  cf  contact  ledges  running  north  and  south  and  in  the 
dlorlte  occur  a  series  of  east  and  west  ledges,  which  are  in  true  fissures. 
The  two  principal  groups  of  claims  are  on  the  contact,  the  ore  bodies  in 
which  are  rich  in  chalcopyrite  and  carry  gold  and  silver. 

The  group  lying  in  or  near  Copper  Gulch,  which  scores  the  face  of  the 
rjdge  between  Quartzite  and  Headquarters  Peaks,  Is  composed  of  five  claims. 
The  main  ledge  belongs  to  the  north  and  south  series,  though  its  course  is 
northwest  and  southeast,  and  is  about  100  feet  wide,  crossing  the  gulch  near 
Its  head.  The  north  end  of  the  ore  body  occurs  along  the  contact.  It  out-^ 
crops  in  the  gulch,  where  the  twin  falls  unite  upon  it,  and  on  one  side  shows 
up  a  rich  ore  body  five  or  six  feet  wide  at  a  point  .300  feet  above  the  bed  of 
the  gulch,  where  it  assays  over  20  per  cent,  copper.  Adjoining  this  rich 
r^iW^*^  "^^^^  ^?^^-?** '".^^F  ?^'^^^  "'■e-  On  the  other  side  of  tlie  gulch  is 
ftf^l^^^°J  ^'^^  nearly  2o0  feet  high  and  in  the  bed  and  in  the  slide  at  the  foot 
SL'k®/"'*^'V®,  Pl"''^/'"'''  '^^  chalcopyrite  which  have  been  broken  from  the 
h«^^  1,/a  'r^*^  ^^''']'  ^'°?;?  are  wortli  many  thousands  of  dollars.  This  ore 
?lfl1m«  if^3n'i  ^^^'?^,^^^.°  ^^  per  cent,  copper,  and  on  It  are  located  three 
claims.      Running  up  the  Copper  Gulch  from  its  mouth  is  another  body  of 

fnto^'u^J/'.  n  TJ'L'lTJl^^''''^,  V'^^'''  J^*"'  ^  ^P"'-  twelve  feet  Wide!  running 
mto  it  at  an  acute  angle,  which  has  been  shown  up  by  a  thirty-foot  tunnel 

Sicriid^e'^^nT"  "?f.  wr"  ?'^-'^  on  Quartzite  ^eak,  and  shoring  up^ok 
each  side  and  ir.  the  !x)ttom.  is  an  ore  Ix^dy  at  least  fifteen  feet  wide,  which 


Is  probably  on  the  same  contact 


with  that  in  Copper  Gulch  and  on  which 


are  two  claims.  This  ore  body  l.s  all  ciialcopyrite  very  rirh  In  eoppe^  and 
carrying  silver  and  gold.  An  east  and  west  ledge  n  rtrue  flssureX  dior  le 
runs  up  Lost  Treasure  Gulch,  on  the  side  of  HeldqSarters  Peak,  Ind    s  cov- 


tz  100  feet 
.,  and  the 
:  frequent 
and  some 
one  point 
3  Howard 
:or  $15,000, 
isly. 

I'k  Mining 
lin  to  the 
es  capped 
i  eighteen 
le  center, 
unnel,  for 
ompletlon 
elglit  feet 
n  as  soon 

tain  Con- 
Ion  of  the 
kykomlsh 
stringers 
m  four  to 
vk  group, 
made  ten 
Kiurne  for 
f  securing 
3lng  begin 

ilal  group 

and  John 

four  feet 

where  it 

reek,  the 
Hows  the 
tie  in  1893 
luence  of 
rue  char- 
company, 
feet  wide 
per  cent, 
per  cent, 
which  a 
)s  on  the 
[ndex,  on 

'reek  and 
X  claims, 
Running 
peak  an<3 
ary  rock 
schistose 
id  in  the 
Assures, 
bodies  In 

^e  of  the 
e  claims, 
course  Is 
ilch  near 
It  out- 
(le  shows 
le  bed  of 
this  rich 
:  gulch  is 
the  foot 
from  the 
This  ore 
ted  three 
body  of 
running 
t  tunnel, 
ig  up  on 
le,  which 
>n  which 
3Per  and 
n  dlorlte 
d  is  cov- 


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MINING    IN     THK     PACIFIC     NORTHWEST.  M 

ered  by  three  clalmH.  The  Irdge  Is  trn  to  twelve  fopt  wide  at  the  surface, 
and  a  tunnel  has  been  run  on  It  forty-five  feet  In  chalcopyrlte  and  Iron 
pyrites  ore,  assayinK  ti  to  15  prr  cent,  copper  and  four  to  sixteen  ounces 
silver.  An  outcrop  of  another  ledge  twelve  or  thirteen  feet  wide  has  recently 
been  found  parallel  with  it. 

Further  down  the  creek  are  three  claims  on  two  east  and  west  ledges  of 
specular  iron,  carryiniif  silvrr  and  copper,  fifteen  feet  and  twenty  to  thirty 
feet  wide.  On  those  two  ledges  tvnnels  have  been  run  fifty  and  seventy  feet. 
A  parallel  ledge  of  the  panie  kind  of  ore  crops  out  to  a  width  of  at  least 
flftocn  fe»  t,  ns-says  showing  7  to  8  per  cent,  copper.  Another  parallel  ledge 
of  great  width  and  In  some  places  cropping  out  to  a  width  of  forty  feet,  is 
shown  up  iiy  a  gdod  dtal  of  suiface  work.  A  fourth  parallel,  fourteen  feet 
wide,  carrying  iron  pyrites.  Is  covered  l)y  two  claims  and  is  shown  up  by  a 
fifty-foot  tunnel.  The  other  claims  cover  ledges  of  less  size  and  value,  aa 
well  as  the  water  power  of  the  north  fork  of  the  creek,  which  has  a  fall  of 
250  feet  to  the  mile.  Mr.  Merchant's  half  Interest  in  this  property  Is  under 
bond  to  M.  E.  Downs. 

One  of  the  natural  curiosities  of  the  district  is  a  natural  tunnel  In  the 
basin  near  the  head  of  Kagle  Creek,  on  the  Golden  Tunnel  group  of  four 
claims,  owned  by  Pc nry  Olsen  and  C.  J.  Ingram,  (  f  Skykond.«h.  On  this  group 
are  three  parallel  ledpes  out  ny  the  cveek,  one  of  which  has  been  prospected 
by  nature  in  a  peculiar  manner.  A  tunnel  sixty-five  feet  long,  fifteen  feet 
high  and  twenty  feet  wide  was  found  to  run  through  a  porphyry  dike  almost 
straight,  Into  the  mountain  and  on   the  roof  and  walls  are  streaks  of  high 

frade  copper  pyrltis  in  large  crystals  carrying  gold  and  silver.  On  the  sur- 
ace  above  this  tunnel  are  a  number  of  stringers  of  mineral  from  one  to 
twelve  inches  wide  which  appear  to  be  running  together.  The  natural  tunnel 
has  been  extended  eighteen  feet  on  a  two-Inch  streak  wnicii  carries  fM  gold, 
85  per  cent,  copper.  One  of  the  other  ledges  is  eight  feet  with  an  eight  to 
ten-Inch  rny  streak  carrying  U)  per  cent,  copper,  $8  gold,  |8  stiver,  shown  up 
by  a  twenty-eight  foot  tunnel.  The  other  ledge  is  about  ten  feet  in  a  small 
shaft. 

Cropping  to  a  width  of  2.^0  feet  up  the  side  of  a  mountain,  twelve  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  Becklor  River  and  four  miles  east  of  the  Coppn^r  group 
on  Trout  Creek  is  a  prent  eonper  ledge  dl.acov(  red  In  the  fall  of  189r)  bv  J. 
Frank  Bleakle;,  and  Charles  Shepp,  who  have  the  Anaconda  group  of  four 
claims  on  it.  This  ledge  Is  cut  and  exposed  liy  the  river  and  luis  been  traced 
for  3,000  feet  In  a  north  and  south  course,  pitching  slightly  to  the  west.  It 
Is  in  a  contact  between  r'orphyry  .-ind  slate  anel  carries  chalcopyrlte  and  cop- 
per pyrites,  with  bunches  of  hornite  mixed  with  porphyry,  spar  and  quartz 
stringers,  and  is  pronounced  by  men  familiar  with  the  ore  of  Anaconda, 
Mont.,  to  be  exactly  like  it.  Three  tunnels  have  been  run  from  the  foot  wall 
to  cross-cut  the  ledge,  one  of  them  being  in  thirty  feet,  and  assays  run  from  5 
to  32  per  cent,  copper,  five  to  eleven  ounces  silver. 

Development  is  already  in  progress  by  Lot  Wilbur  and  others  of 
Snohomish,  on  the  recently  discovered  Pride  of  Index  group  of  two 
claims,  near  the  base  of  West  Index,  one  mile  from  the  Great  Northern 
Railroad  and  two  miles  due  south  of  the  town  of  Index.  The  ledge 
runs  through  a  small  mountain  north  of  West  Index  and  crops  from 
twelve  to  twenty  feet  wide,  beinpr  traceable  VOO  to  800  feet  en  the  surface. 
A  tunnel  was  started  on  the  ledge  and  showed  eight  feet  of  mineralized 
ledge  matter,  but  as  it  gave  too  little  depth  a  new  tunnel  was  started 
on  the  hanging  wail  200  feet  below.  This  ran  through  slide  rock  for  the  first 
twenty-one  feet,  but  for  the  next  twenty  feet  has  been  in  the  solid  ledge, 
showing  chalcopyrlte  across  the  whole  face,  with  bunches  of  hornite  all 
through  and  with  mineral  also  on  the  walls.  Th^re  is  a  pay  streak  of  four- 
teen inches  of  solid  chalcopyrlte,  which  assayed  38H  per  cent,  copper,  $4  gold, 
129.90  silver,  a  total  value  of  $112.10.  A  test  carload  shipment  will  be  made  in 
June. 

Two  miles  south  of  Index,  on  a  small  stream  running  Into  the  main  Sky- 
komlsh  river,  is  the  Alpha  group  of  three  claims,  owned  by  the  Alpha  Gold 
&  Copper  Mining  Company.  One  ledge,  on  which  are  two  claims,  generally 
follows  the  course  of  the  stream  and  has  been  uncovered  by  it  for  several 
hundred  feet.  It  is  twenty  feet  wide,  heavily  mineralized  with  iron  pyrites 
on  the  surface,  the  ore  in  places  being,  almost  solid  and  assaying  $5  to  .$6  gold 
and  copper.  The  indications  are,  however,  that,  as  depth  is  gained,  copper 
will  preeloniinnte.  The  third  claim  Is  on  a  fortv-foot  cross  ledge  running  re 
right  angles  to  the  first  and  containing  concentrating  iron  pyrites  for  its 
entire  width.  Both  ledges  can  be  opened  by  tunnels  at  great  depth,  the 
upper  end  of  the  property  being  2.000  feet  above  the  lower,  and  a  bucket 
tramway  two  miles  long  would  transport  the  ore  to  the  railroad. 

A  recent  diFcovery  of  the  same  kind  of  ore  was  made  by  A.  W.  McRee 
and  the  late  Bud  McRee  three  miles  west  of  Index  and  one-quarter  mile 
north  of  the  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Three  claims  were  taken  on  a  series 
of  parallel  ledges  of  copper  ore  of  great  size,  surface  specimens  of  which 
assayed  $15  gold  and  copper. 


<  - 


mmmmmmaaams.. 


n 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC     NuRTHWEST. 


MILLER     RIVEB. 


Although  the  people  of  Seattle  are  too  broad-minded  and  energrotlc  to 
con  line  their  efforts  to  the  develoi)ment  of  the  mlniiit^  OlHtrlcts  of  llieli-  own 
<'ounty,  ino  dlHtrlft  Uialned  by  the  streams  flowing  nortViward  Into  the  Sky- 
komlsh  south  fork  has  a  peculiar  Interest  for  them,  for  it  is  close  to  their 
home  and  in  King  county.  To  arrive  at  it,  they  have  only  to  take  the 
<Treat  Northern  train  to  Skykomlsh,  eighty-ttve  miles,  and  then  go  by  road 
five  miles,  and  by  trail  two  miles  further,  to  reach  me  head  of  Miller  River, 
to  which  the  road  will  be  extended  this  summer.  Skykomlsh  Is  distant  llfty- 
two  null  s  from  the  Juverett  smelter  and  i;!6  miles  from  the  Tacoma  smelter. 

If  any  man  has  any  doubts  as  to  the  strength  and  permanence  of 
the  ledges  of  this  district,  ho  has  only  to  visit  them  and  he  will  be 
convinced.  The  country  rock  on  the  backbone  of  the  ridge  in  which 
the  lodges  are  found  is  granite  and  syenite,  and  the  mineral-bearing 
rock  has  filled  fissures  In  these  strata,  only  to  be  worn  down  by  snow 
and  water  as  it  is  decomposed  by  the  action  of  the  air,  leaving  perpendicular 
walls  100  to  200  feet  on  each  side.  Thus  the  ledges  are  usually  found  In  the 
beds  of  narrow  "orges  in  the  basins  at  the  head  of  the  strea.ms  or  on  the  sides 
of  the  mountains  which  form  the  canyons,  and  are  easily  traceable  from  base 
to  summit  of  the  range.  The  ledge  matter  is  generally  porphyrltlc  quartz, 
often  so  uniformly  mineralized  as  to  pay  for  concentration  on  the  ground,  and 
carries  nay  streaks  rich  enough  to  pay  for  shipment,  even  with  the  present 
costly  means  of  transportation  to  the  railroad.  The  ore  carries  Iron  and 
Oopper  sulphides,  eray  copper  and  galena,  carrying  gold  and  silver,  the  pay 
streaks  elvlne  I'sually  from  $50  to  $fiO  a  ton.  the  second  grade  ore  from  $10  to  $20. 
Some  of  the  ledges,  however,  are  much  richer,  those  on  the  Cleopatra  Basin 
carrying  sjt.:verai  iiunuieu  ounces  in  srlver,  and  those  near  the  summit  over- 
looking that  basin  running  high  In  copper.  Further  northward,  towards  the 
mouths  of  the  streams,  are  dikes  of  dlorite,  in  which  occur  ledges  of  pyrltic 
ore  carrying  native  copper  and  gold  near  the  surface;  also  dikes  of  dolomite 
and  porphyry  with  ledges  of  sulphide  and  gray  copper  ore.  The  ledges  of 
pyrites  are  heavily  capped  with  magnetic  Iron  and  are  rich  in  copper  and  gold 
and  often  carry  silver. 

Prospecting  in  this  district  began  while  the  Great  Northern  Railroad  was 
under  construction  in  1892,  by  W.  L..  Sanders  and  Archie  Williamson,  and 
successive  .dscoveries  have  shown  such  v/ealth  that  active  development  by 
outside  capital  Is  In  progress  ana  the  district  can  now  boast  of  the  posses- 
sion of  the  second  power-drill  plant  in  the  Cascade  mountains.  Its  principal 
mine,  which  is  being  developed  by  this  plant,  has  already  made  large  ship- 
ments giving  conclusive  evlderce  of  its  value.  This  Is  the  Coney  mine, 
owned  by  the  Baltimore  &  Seattle  Mining  &  Reduction  Company.  It  is  on 
the  basin  at  the  head  of  Coney  Cieek,  which  Hows  into  Miller  River  from 
the  west  and  Is  six  miles  from  the  Great  Northern  Railroad.  The  group 
consists  of  nine  claims  on  three  parallel  ledges  running  diagonally  up  the 
basin  lo  the  summ't,  ten,  seven  and  six  feet  wide  respectively,  two  of  them 
uniting  on  the  summit  In  a  blow-out  100  feet  wide  and  all  three  being  traiMJ- 
able  across  to  the  Snoqualmie  side  of  the  divide.  A  strong  spur  runs  up  tfte 
center  of  the  basin  into  this  series  of  ledges  and  Is  the  point  where  develop- 
ment began.  The  ledge  matter  Is  porphyrltlc  quartz  carrying  auriferous  ga- 
lena and  iron  sulphides  between  syenite  walls.  The  spur  above  mentioned 
cropped  five  feet  wide  on  the  sui-face  and  a  tunnel  has  been  run  along  it  for 
225  feet.  This  tunnel  cut  a;i  ore  chute  thirty  feet  long  and  live  feet  wide 
forty  feet  from  the  mouth,  and  eighty  feet  further  the  ledge  widened  to 
fourteen  feet  wide,  half  of  which  was  good  ore.  From  the  first  chute  forty 
tons  was  shii^ped  in  1895  and  returned  $58.70  per  ton  over  freight  and  treat* 
ment.  In  the  fall  of  189G  a  power  drnl  plant  of  three  drills  op^-ated  by  com- 
pressed air  was  installed,  power  being  generated  by  a  dynamo  driven  by  a 
water  wheel  at  the  falls  of  Coney  Creek  and  conducted  to  a  motor  in 
the  tunnel,  which  is  connected  wltli  the  power  house  by  telephone.  The 
machinery  was  put  in  operation  on  January  12,  1897,  and  after  being  supple- 
mented with  a  fan  to  clear  away  smoke  after  the  blasts,  contliiued  the  tun- 
nel at  the  rate  of  nine  feet  a  day.  After  penetrating  180  feet  it  cut  a  second 
chute  of  concentrating  ore  eight  feet  wide  and  twenty-two  feet  long,  carry- 
ing iron  sulphides  and  galena.  After  cutting  through  a  granite  horse,  it 
ran  into  soft  rock  heavily  mlneralired,  five  and  one-half  feet  wide  between 
straight  and  smooth  wall.«.  This  turriel,  while  developing  good  bodies  of  ore 
in  the  Cone>  spur,  sufficient  to  pay  Its  cost,  is  designed  to  cross-cut  the  main 
ledges,  the  first  of  which  it  will  tap  800  feet  further  at  a  depth  of  800  feet, 
the  second  150  feet  further  still  at  a  depth  of  about  1.000  feet  and  the  third 
300  f-^et  further  at  a  depth  of  1.200  feet,  wlille  a  further  extension  under  the 
highest  point  will  give  a  d-'pth  of  2,'/00  feet.  The  company  Is  putting  In  a 
larger  drill  to  work  in  the  hard  rock  av.d  intends  to  use  the  smaller  ones  for 
soft  rock  and  stoping.     Twenty  men  are  employed  on  double  shift. 


IST. 


-rh 


and  energotlc   to 

lic-ts  f>f  Liieir  own 

arci  Into  the  Sky- 

t  Is  close  to  their 

only   to   take  the 

then  go  by  road 

d  of  Miller  River, 

sh  Is  distant  ilfty- 

Tacoma  snaelter. 

d    permanenoe    of 

in<l    he    will    be 

ridge    in    which 

e    minef/al-bearlng 

n    down    by    snow 

Ing  perpendicular 

;uully  found  in  the 

ims  or  on  the  sides 

liueable  from  base 

porphyritlc  cjuartz, 

on  the  ground,  and 

n  with  the  present 

e  carries   iron   and 

ind  sliver,  the  pay 

'  ore  from  $10  to  $20. 

he  Cleopatra  Basin 

'  the  summit  over- 

iward,  towards  the 

ar  ledges  of  pyritic 

0  dikes  of  dolomite 
ire.     The  ledges  of 

in  copper  and  gold 

;hern  Railroad  was 
e  Williamson,  and 
ve  development  by 
oast  of  the  posses- 
ains.  Its  principal 
/  made  large  shlp- 

1  the  Coney  mine, 
lompany.     It  is  on 

Miller  River  from 
iroad.      The  group 

diagonally  up  the 
ively,  two  of  them 

three  being  trace- 
g  spur  runs  up  the 
lint  where  develop- 
ring  auriferous  ga- 
r  above  mentioned 
en  run  along  It  for 
and  five  feet  wide 
ledge  widened  to 
le  first  chute  forty 

freight  and  treat- 
s  opt^rated  by  com- 
>rnamo  driven  by  a 
;ed  to  a  motor  In 
)y  telephone.  The 
after  being  supple- 
continued  the  tun- 
eet  it  cut  a  second 

0  feet  long,  carry- 

1  granite  horse,  It 
feet  wide  between 
good  bodies  of  ore 
ci'oss-cut  the  main 
L  depth  of  800  feet, 
feet  and  the  third 
stension  under  the 
my  is  puttinfr  in  a 
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bio  shift 


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HiotDgraphic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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KINO  COUNTY,  WASHINGTON. 


Railways.: 
Wagtm  Road)*.; 

Trails. 

Summit  liwK 


INDEX  TO  NUMBEMEO  CUIUS. 


f: 

12. 
113. 
(14. 

m. 

lie. 


u. 


MILLER  RIVER. 

Hona 
MoKiiiley. 

Lynn. 

Belle. 

liittie  Una. 

War  Eagle. 

Jay  Hawker. 

Monntain  Lion. 

Blncher. 

Hif^hlander. 

Mountain  Goat 

CaptAin 

Easter. 

Clara  K. 

Great  Nortllenk 

BobtaU. 

Grand  Central 

Le  Roy. 

v^ashini^toa. 

Seait?a 

Ace8  Up. 

Lncky  Jim. 

Cleopatra  Groof, 

UinnecadoM. 

Baltimoro. 

U.P. 

Condor. 

CoaejGrevp. 


MONEY  CREEK. 

1.  Red  Coat 

2.  Chicago 

3.  Pinto. 

4.  San  Franeiscoi 

5.  Apex. 

6.  Damon  and  Pytiilas, 

TOLT  RIVER. 

1.  Black  Chief: 

2.  Mammoth. 

3.  Baltimore. 
i.  Lady  Bella 

NORTH  FORK 

SN0QU4LMIE. 

I.  Fletcher  WebatM*. 
1  Red  Clond. 

3.  North  Fork. 

4.  Betsy  Rosa. 
6;  Paradise. 
6(.  Monitor. 

7.  Copper  Qneea. 

8.  Banker  HllL 

9.  lllihois. 
10.  West  Virginia. 

II,  Bay  View, 
U.  ilUanoa. 


SCALE  OF  MILfiS 


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MINING    IN     THE     PACIFIC     NORTHWEST. 


n 


The  Brooklyn  gro^ip  of  thirteen  claims,  owned  by  Andrew  Hemrlch,  D.  N. 
Baxter,  George  A.  Pratt  and  Dexter  T.  Sapp,  Is  on  two  ledges  twenty-flv© 
and  ten  feet  wide,  traceable  along  a  canyon  which  runs  into  the  basin  front 
the  west  and  extending  over  the  summit.  They  show  on  the  surface  streaks 
of  high  grade  ore  two  and  four  feet  wide,  with  smaller  streaks  through  the 
gangue.  The  ore  is  Iron  and  copper  sulphides  carrying  8  to  12  per  cent, 
copper,  110  to  $20  gold  and  silver 

On  eastward  extensions  of  the  Coney  Basin  ledges  is  the  Tornado  groui> 
of  three  claims,  owned  by  Frank  Campbell  and  George  M.  Bonney,  showing 
pay  streaks  six  to  twelve  inches  wide,  on  which  a  shaft  is  going  down-  and 
tunnels  pre  being  run. 

The  property  next  in  rank  to  the  Ccney,  so  far  as  active  development 
Is  concerned,  is  the  Cleopatra  gioup  of  three  claims  on  the  King  Solomon 
Basin,  owned  by  the  Cleopatra  Mining  Company.  The  three  claims  are  on 
one  ledge,  which  crops  to  a  width  of  forty  feet  between  the  perpendicular 
granite  walls  of  a  gorge  wnich  cu\s  the  basin  clear  over  the  summit,  the  walls, 
which  are  150  to  200  feet  high,  making  its  course  clearly  traceable.  On  th» 
hanging  wall  an  ore  chute  Is  ex^josed  five  feet  wide  and  at  least  thirty  feet 
long,  carrying  antimnnial  silver  chlorides  of  silver  and  gray  copper  ore,  an 
aver.age  sample  of  which  assay  d  368  ounces  silver,  $10  gold.  There  are  sev- 
eral other  pay  streaks  assaying  $35,  $46  and  $107  gold  and  silver,  and  the  whol» 
ledge  la  will  enough  mineralized  with  iron  sulphurets  to  pay  for  concentra- 
tion. A  cross-cut  has  been  run  129  feet,  striking  a  stringer  which  runs  into 
the  ore  chute.  The  tunnel  was  then  turned  to  follow  this  stringer,  which 
showed  streaks  of  galena  and  .sulphides  in  all  the  seams  of  the  ledge  matter, 
and  ran  along  it  for  299  feet,  when  all  the  stringers  ran  together  in  a  streak 
of  ore  two  to  three  feet  thick  and  the  tunnel  pierced  the  hanging  wall  of 
the  ledge,  with  quartz  carrying  streaks  of  sulphurets  and  gray  copper  in  th» 
face.  The  ore  in  the  feeder  was  left  in  the  tunnel  wall  and  drifting  is  being; 
continued  for  twenty  feet  on  the  ledge  before  cross-cutting  to  the  foot  wall. 
In  which  the  ore  chute  crops.  An  assay  of  one  stringer  ran  581  ounces  silver, 
flO  gold;  another  of  gray  copper  carried  45  ounces  silver  and  $6  gold;  whila 
the  quartz  in  the  ledge  proper  carried  $7  gold  in  sulphurets,  but  no  silver. 

On  extensions  on  the  Cleopatra  group  down  the  mountain  and  on  parallel 
ledges  the  Miller  River  Mining  Company  has  seven  claims,  located  In  the 
fall  of  1896.  Work  was  continuecl  until  wlnt  r  and  will  be  resumed  in  iiie 
spring.  Three  tunnels  were  driven  about  fifteen  feet  each,  one  showing  two 
feet  of  ore  which  assayed  $10  to  $70  gold  and  silver  in  gray  copper,  sulphides 
and  a  little  galena;  another  showing  a  twelve-foot  ledge  carrying  streaks  of 
ore  which  assay  $16  to  $66. 

The  Cleopatra  ledge  is  paralleled  in  another  similar  gorge  by  a  seven-foot 
ledge  which  runs  into  it  near  the  summit,  and  by  a  third  on  five  feet  of  ore. 
George  A.  Pratt  and  F.  D.  McNaughton  having  the  Cataract  group  of  three 
claims  on  them. 

The  two  Unicom  claims,  owned  by  8.  J.  Marquis  and  Albro  Gardner,  Jr., 
are  on  a  ledge  ranging  from  six  to  eight  feet  wide,  carrying  sulphides  ana 
Sray  copper,  which  has  been  traced  half  a  mile  up  the  Cleopatra  Basin, 
while  Mr.  Marquis  has  the  Sphinx  on  another  twenty  feet  wide  and  the 
Ironsides  on  one  of  twelve  feet,  all  of  similar  character. 

Oi>.  the  summit  of  the  Cleopatra  basin  and  extending  down  90th  liie  Sno- 
qualmie  and  Miller  Tciver  sides  of  the  ridge,  Dr.  L.  M.  Lessey  and  A.  8. 
Nickerson  hav^  the  Romeo  groufi  of  seven  claims.  One  of  these  is 'on  the 
Cleopatra  ledge,  with  as  good  a  surface  showing  as  that  property,  unsaying 
187  gold  and  silver  in  gray  copper,  galena  and  antimonial  silver.  Two  more 
are  on  a  parallel  fifteen  foot  ledge  with  numerous  feeders  running  into  it. 
The  other  four  are  on  a  ledge  of  the  same  character  traced  from  the  snmmit 
down  to  the  base  of  the  ridge,  an  open  cut  showing  It  to  widen  from  eight  to 
ten  feet  with  only  plight  depth. 

To  the  east  of  the  Cleopatra  Basin  Is  a  forty-foot  ledge  of  porphyritic 
quartz  and  spar  between  walls  of  granite  and  dtorlte,  showing  six  feet  of 
copper  sulphides  and  white  iron,  on  which  T.  F.  Townsley  and  J.  W.  Perkins 
have  the  Etta.  On  the  summit  of  the  basin  T.  A.  Woodworth  and  Al  Eurich 
have  the  King  David  on  a  ledge  of  dulphide  ore  which  crops  eight  feet  wide. 
These  are  recent  discoveries  which  there  has  been  no  opportunity  to  develop. 

A  ledge  which  promises  to  be  as  rich  as  the  Cleopatra,  though  with  less 
showing,  is  cut  by  King  Solomon  Creek  a  little  below  the  Cleopatra  Badiu 
and  is  held  by  the  Sunday  and  another  claim  of  W.  L.  Sanders.  E.  B.  Palmer 
and  H.  S.  Phlnney.  On  the  surface  It  showed  several  streaks  of  gray  copper 
and  antimonial  silver  broken  by  granite  horses  and  assaying  50  to  77  ounces 
silver,  $10  to  $16.40  gold.  Two  cross-cuts  opened  a  streak  of  gray  ccpper  six 
to  twenty  inches  n-ide,  which  assayed  366  ounces  silver,  $2.40  gold.  A  tunnel 
was  then  started  further  down,  on  which  the  ore  is  coming  in. 

During  the  summer  of  1896  discoveries  were  extended  to  the  basin  at  th» 
head  of  tne  west  fork  ot  Miller  River,  one  mile  east  of  the  Cleopatra  Basin. 
The  Highlander  group  of  four  claims,  in  a  block  1,200x3,000  feet,  and  a  mlHstte, 
owned  by  the  Highlander  Gold  &  Silver  Mining  Company,  has  four  ledges 
running  through  it.  ranging  in  width  from  six  to  fourteen  feet,  the  wldtst 
heing  traced  the  whole  length  of  the  claims  between  well  defined  walls.  All 
•how  streaks  of  sulphurets,  gray  copper  and  some  gale'ia,  assaying  $6  to  128; 


r- 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


jirincipally  In  gold.  The  discovery  was  made  too  lute  In  the  season  tj  allow 
of  much  development,  but  trails  were  (^ut,  camp  built  and  a  runnel  started 
in  readiness  for  thorough  work  this  season.  » 

The  Clara  K.  group  of  live  claims  on  this  bosln,  under  bond  to  William 
Garrard,  has  a  series  of  lerlgcs  on  which  conslderalile  prospf  siting  was  dona 
before  winter.  One  ledge  Is  ten  feet  with  a  ten-'.nch  streak  of  ore  on  each 
wall;  another  is  covend  Dy  two  t  laims  and  is  six  f'  et,  with  six  Inches  of  ore; 
a  third  shows  six  Inches  of  pay  ore  In  a  thirty-Inch  ledge. 

The  Mountain  Gom  group  of  four  claim.s,  owmd  by  G.  W.  Morley,  hns  two 
ledges  each  cropping  eight  feet  wide  and  carrying  suit  jrots.  One  of  them 
gave  an  assay  from  the  surface  of  $20  gold,  $4  silver.  Dlri;t!y  :i<iotH  the 
river  from  them  he  has  the  Jumbo  on  a  body  of  pyrites  covered  wltli  an  iron 
cap  fifty  feet  wide. 

The  two  Bobtail  claims,  which  Frank  Campbell,  G.  M.  Bonney,  Pat 
Campbeil  and  Bat  Wilkinson  have  on  the  west  of  Miller  River,  are  on  a  six- 
foot  ledge  with  eight  to  sixteen  Inches  of  pay  ore  similar  to  that  of  tno 
Cleopatra,  the  remaining  ledge  matter  carrying  enough  mineral  to  pay  for 
•concentration.  A  late  discovery  was  an  eight-foot  ledge  with  a  sixteen-lnch 
pay  streak  of  similar  ore,  on  which  Fr.irk  Campbell,  R.  K.  Anderson  aitd 
John  Corrlgan  have  the  Aces  Up. 

On  a  mountain-top  eight  miles  from  the  moutn  of  -Villler  River  is  a  grtat 
blow-out  of  Iron  covering  a  blanket  ledge  at  'east  100  feet  wide  carrying 
pyrites,  which  gives  surface  assays  of  $35  gold  and  <••.  llttlv>  co'^per.  F'nrther 
down  the  mountain  is  another  similar  ledge  running  along  the  chor*;  of  a 
small  lake  and  partly  under  water,  the  exposed  iiart  being  six  feet  wl.lo  and 
carrying  pyrites  which  assays  $8  gold.  This  was  only  discov'^ri:  1  in  October, 
1896,  and  Is  covered  by  the  Twin  Lakes  claim,  which  the  Cynosure  Minlniir 
Company  has  bought  and  Is  preparing  to  develop. 

Cropping  on  both  sides  of  Coney  Creek  Is  an  iron-capped  ledge  which  was 
originally  located  for  iron  several  years  ago  and  which  shows  in  many  places 
seventy  feet  wide.  Its  ordinary  width  being  twelve  feet,  with  twenty  feet  of 
^my  quartz  beside  It.  On  this  ledge  the  Mount  Cleveland  Mining  Company 
has  the  Le  Rol  and  War  Eagle,  from  the  surface  of  which  it  has  taken  ore 
assaying  $17  gold,  $6  silver,  besides  copper.  The  company  intends  to  cross-cut 
the  ledge  In  tne  spring  to  define  its  width  and  character. 

The  Katie  group  of  three  claims,  held  by  Henry  Nute,  covers  a  four-foot 
ledge,  with  eight  to  ten  inches  of  pay  ore  carrying  galena,  sulphides  and  gray 
copper,  on  which  he  is  tunneling. 

Development  has  been  pushed  to  good  purpose  on  the  Triune  group  of  six 
-claims  by  W.  L.  Sanders  and  Frank  Wandschneider.  On  one  ledge  from 
-eighteen  Inches  to  six  feet  wide  are  two  claims,  on  which  a  140-foot  tunnel 
shows  twelve  Inches  of  ore,  assaying  $40  to  $60  gold  and  sliver,  and  four  feet 
of  concentrating  ore  full  of  streaks  of  sulphides,  arsenical  Iron  and  galena. 

The  pioneer  locations  by  W.  L.  Sanders  are  the  two  Lynn  claims,  on  a 
ledge  running  nearly  north  and  south  In  a  canyon  on  the  left  bank  and 
cutting  across  the  stream.  It  Is  three  to  six  feet  wide  and  has  been  traced 
2,000  feet,  showing  sixteen  Inches  of  sulphides,  galena  and  gray  copper.  The 
supposed  extension  runs  through  the  two  Belle  claims,  owned  by  Messrs 
Sanders  and  Schlegel.  A  twelve-foot  ledge  with  four  or  five  Inches  of  $24  ore 
carrying  copper,  lead  and  sulphides  r".ns  through  the  two  Hawkeye  claims 
and  a  stringer  with  six  to  eight  Inches  of  $11  ore  carrying  gold  and  sliver  la 
held  by  the  remaining  two  of  the  Hawkeye  group. 

Another  strong  ledge  Is  on  the  Lone  Star  group  of  four  claims,  owned  by 
Archie  Williamson  and  William  Tlmpe.  It  runs  northwest  and  southeast 
across  Great  Falls  Creek,  between  walls  of  granite,  and  Is  twelve  feet  wide. 
with  four  streaks  of  pay  ore  aggregating  fifteen  to  twenty-one  Inches  which 
carry  Iron  sulphides  and  gray  copper  and  assay  $57  silver,  $10  gold  with 
concentrating  ore  filling  the  remainder  of  the  ledge.  A  sixty-foot  tunnel  on 
the  footwall  shows  one  pay  streak  to  widen  to  sixteen  Inches  with  galena 
-coming  In.  On  extensions  are  the  Mlna,  by  James  Doughertv  and  Hu«rh 
Mcintosh;  the  Spider,  by  William  Lee.  A.  L.  Bayliss  and  A.  William^n 
and  the  Markley,  by  James  Dougherty  and  William  Lee.  On  two  narallel 
ledges,  two  and  four  feet  wide,  with  four  and  six  Inch  pay  streaks  Mr 
Williamson  has  the  Double  Stamp,  and  on  another  five  feet  wide  with  thrM 
or  four  inches  of  ore,  H.  ia.  Phlnney  and  E.  B.  Palmer  have  the  McKlnlev 

Adjoining  the  Lone  Star  Is  the  Little  Una  group  of  eight  claims  owned 
by  W.  L.  Sanders  and  M.  L.  Ransom,  of  Toledo.  Ohio.  The  grout,  has  thrlS 
Iron  cap  ledges,  two  parallel  ones  varying  from  thirty  to  slxtv  feet  and  i! 
cross  ledge  twenty  feet.  The  mineral  is  iron  pyrites,  with  some  coDDer  In 
ore  chutes  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  wide,  and  assays  ^ive  $3  to  $11  Lid  on  thS 
surface  and  all  the  way  from  $2.50  to  $62  gold  at  greater  depth.  A  cross-cut 
tunnel  Is  being  run  to  tap  the  ore  chute  on  the  widest  ledge.  »-to»»  oui 

Another  'of  the  early  discoveries  Is  the  Mono,  by  Archie  Wllllamaon  on  m. 
ledge  of  pyrites  forty  feet  wide,  carrying  ore  which  assavs  7  "o  Ifl^^^' cilrt 
copper,  $f  to  $36  silver,  $5  to  $8  gold.  This  ore  shows  In  tu^nnels  twe^y-el«?ht 
and  sixty  feet  across  the  ledge  which  have  not  reached  the  waU  Extenlona 
«f  thl .  ledge  are  the  Orphan  Boy.  by  Duncan  Graham.  J.  J.  Ferguson  JamSS 
£?d  ^oSghertJ        Willfamson.  and  the  Orphan  Girl,  by  Messrs.  WUitanSSS 


MINING    IN     THE    PACIFIC     NORTHWEST. 


The  large  Investments  of  outside  capital  in  the  principal  properties  :a  this 
district  are  an  assurance  of  continued  development,  and  the  showlnt;;*  so  far 
made  warrant  the  expectation  of  further  investment  to  put  the  mlnest  on  a 
producing  basis. 


MONEY   GREEK. 

The  series  of  mineral  ledges  which  Is  exposed  at  the  head  of  Miller  River, 
and  in  the  mountains  through  which  it  tiows,  extends  beyond  the  sources  of 
Money  Creek  through  the  ridge  dividing  the  SkykomldU  and  Snoaualmi» 
watersheds,  the  Toit  flowing  southward  Into  the  latter  river  from  a  point 
whence  Money  Creek  flows  northward  into  the  BKykomlsh.  The  mineral 
discoveries  extend  along  the  mountains  on  each  bank  of  Money  Creek,  havlns 
begun  with  the  Apex  leUge  of  galena,  gray  copper  and  sulphurets  on  the 
headwaters  by  Alexander  McCartney  in  1889.  Further  down  the  stream  and 
on  the  tributaries  which  leap  down  precipitous  gorges,  there  are  grear.  bodies- 
of  sulphide  ore  carrying  gold  and  copper,  which  from  their  proximity  to  the 
railroad  are  likely  to  be  early  developed.  The  route  from  Seattle  is  by  the 
Qreat  Northern  Itallroad  to  Skykomish,  elghty-Hve  miles,  by  road  one  mile, 
and  by  trail  six  miles,  to  the  head  of  the  creek.  The  distance  from  the 
Everett  smelter  is  flfty-two  miles;  from  that  at  Tacoma,  ninety-three  miles. 
Communication  will  b«  much  improved  this  season  by  the  construction  of  a 
wagon  road  up  tne  creek  within  a  short  distance  of  the  most  remote 
properties.         , 

The  first  discovery  was  aldo  the  first  property  to  be  developed  and  ship 
ore.  This  was  the  Apex  group  of  five  claims,  recently  bonded  by  Alexander 
McCartney,  G.  R.  Procter,  Edwin  Stevens  and  Miss  Fanny  Stein  to  J.  R. 
Stephens,  of  Spokane,  lor  $20,000.  Four  of  these  claims  are  on  one  ledge, 
which  crops  in  the  gorge  of  Milwaukee  Creek  between  syenite  walls  and  has 
been  traced  up  the  mountain  and  over  the  summit  to  Lake  Elizabeth.  At  one 
point  in  the  gorge  it  crops  forty  feet  wide  and  at  another  thirteen  feet 
flride.  but  the  richest  ore  is  found  on  the  side  of  the  Milwaukee  Basin,  700  feet 
above,  w'.iere  the  ledge  Is  three  to  live  feet  wide  between  strong  walls.  It  has 
been  opened  at  the  latter  point  by  means  of  two  tunnels,  the  upper  118  feet 
and  the  lower  300  feet,  with  a  lift  of  seventy  feet  between  them.  The  lower 
tunnel  was  driven  forty  feet  through  the  slide  rocl^  and  cut  three  ore  chutes, 
each  about  forty  feet  long  with  a  six-Inch  pay  streak  of  smelting  ore.  The 
third  chute  has  been  stoped  out  from  the  upper  tunnel  and  for  a  lift  of  flfty 
feet  from  the  lower  tunnel,  the  ore  being  shipped  to  the  smelter  and  returning 
an  aggregate  of  over  $13,000.  It  carried  about  2hi  ounces  gold,  6  ounces  silver 
and  4  per  cent,  copper,  being  steel  galena,  gray  copper,  sulphides  of  iron  and 
arsenical  Iron.  The  other  two  chutes  carry  $43  and  $46,  respectively,  in  gold 
and  sliver  and  have  In  sight  over  $15,000  worth  of  smelting  ore.  Beside  the 
pay  streak  Is  a  streak  of  concentrating  ore  from  six  to  forty  Inches  wide 
assaying  about  $12  a  ton.  There  are  several  hundred  tons  of  seconU-gra,de  ore 
on  the  dump.  The  ore  shipped  has  paia  for  development  In  the  face  of  a  cost 
of  $13  a  ton  for  packing  seven  and  one-half  miles  to  the  railroad. 

The  same  parties  have  the  Damon  and  Pythias  on  a  four-foot  ledge  oC 
similar  ore,  and  on  Uoat  Basin,  four  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Money  CreAk, 
they  have  the  Sockless  and  Solomon  on  a  ledge  seven  or  eight  feet  wide, 
with  twenty  inches  of  high-grade  ore  similar  to  the  Apex,  which  assays  $17  to 
$60  in  gold,  silver  and  lead,  chiefly  gold.  A  forty-foot  tunnel  on  the  ledge 
shows  good  ore  all  th*-  way. 

The  Bonanza  Queen  group  of  eight  claims,  owned  by  the  Gold  Mountain 
Mining  Company,  consists  prirtclpa..y  of  several  properties  on  a  gulch  run- 
ning down  to  irioney  Creek  s  left  bank.  The  Bonanza  Qu6en  itself  is  on  a 
ledge  which  crops  on  the  face  of  a  perpendicular  cliff  to  a  width  of  about 
seventv-flve  feet,  with  a  dettned  hanging  wall  of  soft  granite,  the  footwall 
not  having  been  found.  The  ledge  matter  Is  porpayry  and  Is  shown  by  a 
tunnel  run  twenty-flve  feet  along  the  hanging  wall  to  be  veined  througnout 
with  sulphide  ore  carrying  $5  gold  and  copper,  while  a  sample  taken  across 
the  face  of  the  '.unnel  assayed  about  $25.  Half  a  mile  further  up  this  guloh 
Is  the  San  P'rancisco  on  a  mass  of  similar  rock  striking  Into  th  face  of  a 
bluff.  A  tunnel  sixteen  feet  In  this  rock  shows  a  streak  of  six  to  twelve  Inches 
of  solid  sulphide  ore.  On  a  parallel  flfty-foot  ledge  of  porphyry,  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile  further  up  the  creek,  is  the  Paymaster,  on  which  two 
tunnels  have  been  run  about  thlrty-flve  feet  apart.  One  starts  near  the 
footwall  and  has  run  forr.y-flve  feet  through  mineralized  rock,  and  the  other 
has  run  thirty-five  feet  towards  the  hanging  wall  on  heavy  sulphide  ore 
similar  to  that  in  the  Bonansa  Queen,  which  will  pay  well  to  concentrate, 
the  value  beitig  about  $S  fold  and  silver.  The  other  claims  have  good  surface 
showings,  but  are  undeveloped. 

One  of  the  strongest  showings  en  Money  Creek  Is  on  the  Chicago  group 
of  four  claims,  owned  by  C.  W.  ij'risbee,  Malcolm  McFees  and  Mike  Earles. 
of  Seattle,  A.  D.  Smith  ahd  Jbsepli  Rudderhom.  The  first  discovery  was  a 
ffreat  deposit  of  magnetic  iron  in  the  rocky  peak  at  the  summit  of  a  mountain 


4e  MtNINO    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 

rising  1,500  feet  above  Money  Creek,  four  miles  above  Its  mouth,  and  In  a^org* 
down  the  slope,  and  It  was  proposed  to  mine  the  ore  for  the  iron,  a  tunnel 
bi-lng  run  forty  f « et  on  it.  A  tunnel  lower  down  the  mountain  last  summer 
ran  Into  a  body  of  fine  copper  and  Iron  pyrites  carrying  flakes  of  native  copper 
and  some  peacock  copper.  The  outcrop  Is  In  a  ravine  between  high  wails  of 
<»orlte  and  18  fully  tifteen  feet  wide,  but  further  down  the  pyrites  tself  wa« 
found  cropping  to  a  width  of  eight  feet.  Three  claims  are  on  this  Uidge,  the 
ore  In  which  assays  20  per  cent,  copper,  besides  gold  and  .silver,  and  the 
fourth  claim  Is  t.n  a  similar  paiallel  leuge.  'thorough  development  will  be 
carried  on  this  year.  ,  „,    .-    ,        ._  ^^ 

On  the  east  fork  of  Money  Creek  H.  H.  Darst  and  W.  M.  Lee  have  the 
Vandalla,  on  which  a  twenty-live  foot  tunnel  shows  a  twenty-Inch  pay  streak 
carrying  <23  gold  and  silver  In  a  seven-foot  ledge. 

SNOQUALMIE. 

The  mountain  ridges  among  which  the  several  forks  of  the  Snoqualmie 
River  How  to  their  eoniiuence  near  North  Bend  have  long  been  the  .scene  of 
prospecting  trips  on  the  part  of  the  settlers  In  the  valleys  and  the  inhabitants 
of  the  surrounding  country,  including  some  of  tne  pioneer  re.sldents  of  Seattle. 
a.nd  It  has  been  proved  beyond  doubt  that  great  bodies  of  mineral  existed 
there.  A  number  of  reasons  can  be  assigned  for  the  failure  to  transform 
these  promising  prospects  .alo  niines.  The  first  was,  in  the  early  times,  the 
dilflculty  of  access  to  the  country,  for  not  oniy  wore  there  no  railroads,  but 
the  country  was  "without  wagon  roada  until  the  toll  road  was  constructed 
through  the  Snoqualmie  Paas.  The  valley-s  were  a  jungle  through  which 
dimly  traceable  Indian  trails  led,  and,  there  being  no  gmss  for  horses,  men 
had  to  pack  their  supplies  on  their  backs.  Another  reaaon  was  that  the 
country  was  settled  by  farmers,  who  knew  little  or  nothing  of  mining,  and 
they  did  not  readily  turn  their  hands  to  this  unfamiliar  and  laborious  occu- 
pation. A  third  reason  was  that  the  ore  bodies,  wnile  large,  were  of  low 
srrade  and  could  not  be  mined  prolitably  without  large  Investme,.'.  of  capital, 
which  cQuld  not  be  obtained  in  the  country,  eapeclally  in  days  before  low 
^rade  mines  had  come  into  demand  among  Investors. 

But  these  difflcuities  are  fast  being  surmounted.  The  Seattle  &  Inter- 
national Railroad  runs  from  Seattle  lo  Sallal  Prairie,  far  up  the  Snoqualmie 
Valley,  and  a  road  has  been  built  some  distance  up  the  middle  fork.  The 
settlers  are  adapting  themselves  more  and  more  to  the  new  industry  and  the 
general  demanu  for  mining  pix>perty  has  encouraged  them  to  develop  their 
claims,  which  they  are  showing  lo  be  equal  In  morlt  to  those  In  other  districUl 
In  the  Cascade  Mountains.  With  roads,  intelligent  work  and  capital,  the 
Snoqualmie  District  will  tane  rank  with  the  other  promising  districts  to  the 
north,  south  and  east,  ana  will  be  able  to  boast  of  mines  instead  of  prospects. 

The  route  to  this  district  from  Seattle  is  by  the  Seattle  ca  International 
Railroad  to  North  Bend,  sixty  miles,  for  the  north  and  middle  forks  and  the 
claims  on  and  around  ..^ount  SI,  or  to  Sahal  Prairie,  sixty-three  miles,  for 
points  on  the  south  fork.  From  the  latter  point  the  Snoqualmie  Toll  Road 
leads  up  the  south  fork  to  the  pass,  thirty  miles,  and  trails  branch  off  at 
short  Intervals  to  the  various  claims.  From  North  Bend  to  the  Everett 
smelter  Is  ninety-three  miles  and  to  the  Tacoma  smelter  101  miles. 

The  geology  of  the  Snoqualmie  Basin  has  been  little  siuuleq,  the  first 
attemirt  to  describe  It  being  made  by  Professor  W.  H.  Ruffner  in  hla  "Report 
on  Washington  Territory"  for  the  Seattle,  Lake  Shore  &  Eastern  Railway 
Company,  published  in  1889.     He  says: 

"The  core  of  these  high  ranges  (the  Cascades)  Is  chiefly  rock  origrlnallT 
stratified,  which  has  been  metamorphosed  by  heat,  and  nerhaps  Inside  of  all. 
ivith  branches  bursting  out  at  various  places,  are  plutonlc  rocks  which  have 
never  been  stratified.  This  Is  the  state  of  things  on  the  top  of  the  Cascade 
Tlange  near  Snoqualmie  Pass,  as  well  as  on  some  subordinate  peaks  and 
ranges.  On  Mount  Logan,  the  Denny  Mountain,  etc..  are  large  bodies  of 
syenitlc  granite,  whose  a>re  I  have  no  means  of  determining.  Associated 
■with  this  are  quartzites  of  fine  grain  and  extremely  hard,  porphyries  and 
serpentliiold  and  chlorltic  rocks  of  different  sorts,  in  which  are  imbe^'^ed  the 
magnetic  iron  ores;  and  also  large  beds  of  crystalline  limestone,  both  t  'e  and 
coarse  grained.  Crossing  these  at  various  angles  are  veins  containing  the 
precious  and  base  metals. 

The  rocks  forming  this  section  are  described  by  a  well-informed  prospector 
as  granite,  gneiss,  diorlte,  talcose  slate  and  chlorltic  talcose  s.late,  with  large 
dikes  of  porphyry,  and  he  says  that  In  the  contact  between  theee  dikes  and 
the  talcose  slate  the  mineral  ledges  are  mostly  found. 

The  flrst  mineral  discovery  in  this  district  of  which  there  is  any  record 
was  on  Denny  Mountain,  nineteen  miles  from  Sallal  Prairie.  Ic  is  reached  by 
xollowing  the  Snoqualmie  wagon  road  to  a  point  four  miles  west  of  the  pass 
and  then  taking  a  trail  for  one  mile.  It  was  made  by  Arthur  A.  Denny, 
rather  of  the  City  of  Seattle.  In  1869.  from  Information  obtained  from  the 
Indians.     He  went  to  Snoqualmie  Pass  in  search  of  plumbago,   which  h* 


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INDEX  TO  mmm  cumi 

I.  Leta. 

3.  CleTeland. 

4.  Legal  Tender. 

6.  Aaoteu 
•.Oregor. 

7.  ElliaAKeU7 

8.  Bald  Hornet. 

9.  Green  Mountain. 
10.  Lost  LodeL 

IL  Lanra  lindBsjr. 
1%.  Delia  Lane. 

13.  Laat  Chanc& 

14.  Chair  Peak. 

15.  Copper  Cblef. 
IS.  Emma. 

17.  OommonweaUta. 

18.  Onje. 

19.  Deni». 

M.  BU^PriMMk 


'  '       -      •  I  .. 

UNA  IN  THI  PtMFtC  NOATHWItEK 


\ 


BailwajM. 

Wagon  RntMlB. 

Traite. 

Bwaiait  Lines.  <->-  _ 


SCALE  OF  MILU 


CIVIL  AND  MIHINO  tN<UN(«t. 


puppoBPd  thei 

JRHH,     br>    obPI 

lountaln,  wl 

round   u    ...  fm 

loRreeii  at  Its 

rhifh   were  ^ 

adies  of  thlH 

leveral  clalmt 

In  18«2  Mr 

Jeremlnh  Bon 

|o  make  local 

If  the  same  c 

\t  the  falls,  tl 

Bet  wide  and 

JUff  liode.  ar 

fhey  located  i 

pilmax  Lode, 

ton  Mines  Cc 

In  1883  abt 

tunnel  waH 

I    '    .re,  H8  It 

itaftit'd  from 

BBayers.      Ar 

lorus  ana  It 

ibjected  to  w 

Bed  marble  f 

llphur  and  p 

the  Dennj 

/elopment, 

Jrjfe  quantitii 

aHHny  mac 

Bnny  Lode,  f 

ir  he  put  a 

the  Korge,  Ii 

Ito  the  cliff 

)rouj?h  what 

]y  of  carboi 

Ills  ore  and  li 

lo  pronounc 

season  of 

|e  snow  out  f 

bed.     In  18 

Ir  smelting  a 

irkland,  but 

»d  has  not  b 

Another  ea 

Ippinp  of  a  I 

^orlooklng  Si 

renty-Hve  m 

ten  taking  a 

|rphyry,   dlo 

ithwest  cou 

cliff  on  this 

seventy  fe< 

)pplng  is  IW 

jstalllc  Iron, 

metallurfrl 

{>unt;iln,  300 

feot   wide, 

tensions  of  i 

If.  Briggs  a 

Another  b< 

kned  by  F.  ^ 

lese  are  on 

>m  Saual  Pr 

Bt  perpendlp 

mite,  but  th 

lether    the 

rries  69  to  72 

|lh  are  almos 

Yet  anothe: 
[Ave  claims, 
^d  at  Sallal 
ishlng's  ran< 
t»m  Its  havlr 
^n  elghty-tw 
>untain  and 
will  proba 


MINING     IN    THE     PACIFIC     NORTHWEST. 


41 


fupposort  they  used  to  paint  their  faoeii.  and,  cltmhlnR  n  mountain  nfar  the 
»HH.  hi'  ol>p<TVP(l  a  prcat  ntroak  of  Iron  ruat  In  a  RorK<*  on  the  oppoalte 
lountaln,  which  has  since  heen  named  Denny  Mountain.  CIlmblnR  to  It,  he 
)Uiui  .  ...  gorffe  to  t)e  a  rift  In  the  Hide  of  the  mountain,  pItchInK  about  ¥> 
JpKrceH  at  Ita  foot.  On  raoh  side  was  a  vertloal  i-llft  aliout  IW)  feet  hljfh.  In 
rhich  were  vertical  ledj^oa  of  mnjrnetic  Iron  about  Blxty  feet  wide,  largre- 
D<lles  of  thiH  mineral  beInK  alao  found  on  the  top  of  these  eltfCs.  He  located 
Bveral  claims,  but  did  nothing  to  Improve  them. 

In  18«2  Mr.  Denny,  Angus  Mackintosh,  l".  1).  Boren,  James  Taylor  and 
leremlah  norst.  the  last  three  of  whom  have  since  dle<l,  went  to  this  mountain 
lo  make  locations  and,  on  further  InvestlKHtlon,  found  three  parallel  ledKe* 
\t  the  same  character.  The  one  first  dlscove'-ed  which  crosses  Denny  Creek 
U  the  falls,  they  named  the  Denny  I-ode;  anot.  -  i  "00  feet  south,  which  Is  132: 
H  wlile  and  stands  out  In  a  cliff  several  hundre  ^t  hlfrh,  they  named  th» 
Jllff  Lode,  and  the  third,  about  six  feet  wide,  wu,'  calleci  the  Climax  Lode, 
[hey  locate<l  nine  claims,  four  on  the  Denny,  thrc^  n  the  Cliff  and  two  on  the 
Climax  Lode,  and  Messrs.  Denny,  Mackintosh  aru  others  organized  the  Denny 
Ton  Mines  Company,  which  still  owns  the  »     ^up. 

In  1883  about  |7,000  was  spent  In  develo.  .^nt  and  pa'"nts  were  obtained, 
tuinel  was  driven  100  feet  on  the  Climax  Lode,  pr  vlnji  it  to  be  valurlcss  a» 
'  ,re,  as  It  carried  white  arsenical  iron,  Sevcra'  fiiuusand  tons  of  ore  were 
5iod  from  ^he  cliff  on  che  <'llff  Lode  and  lest  w.c  made  by  a  number  of 
Bsayers.  Anulyals  showed  It  to  carry  the  i^ii.m.um  ol  sulphur  and  phos- 
lorus  anu  It  was  pronounced  the  best  quaM'.y  of  Deasemcr  ore.  It  was  also 
ibje<>ted  to  working  tests  by  the  Moss  Ray  ^ron  *,  ompany,  of  Englanil  whlcH 
Bed  marble  from  one  of  the  walls  as  a  flux,  and  w.i'i  proved  to  be  free  from 
llphur  and  phosphorus.  Some  surface  work  was  done  on  the  several  clalm» 
the  Denny  Lode,  and  C.  K.  Jenner,  of  Seattle,  who  had  dirge  <'f  the- 
k'elopment,  determined  t..at  It  was  of  no  value  for  Iron  on  accoum  of  th» 
ge  quantities  of  sulphur  It  contained,  even  on  the  surface.  In  1885  he  had 
assay  made  of  a  piece  of  peacock  copiwr  float,  believed  to  be  from  the- 
my  I.,ode,  and  It  carried  $20  prold,  $8  silver  and  33  per  cent,  copper.  In  that 
ir  he  put  a  force  of  men  to  work  on  this  ledge  an  1,  finding  a  deep  snowdrift 
the  gorge,  he  tunneled  through  it  to  the  bottom  of  the  ledge  and  then  drilled 
Ito  the  cliff  for  a  width  of  fourteen  to  twenty  feet.  In  doing  ar  he  ran 
)rough  what  proved  to  be  an  Iron  capping  three  or  four  Inches  thick  into  a 
Jy  of  carbonates,  copper  sulphurets  ond  pyrites.  Mr.  Jenner  took  a  ton  of 
ore  and  had  a  working  test  of  it  made  In  San  Francisco  by  an  assayer, 
lo  pronounced  it  the  highest  grade  of  precipitating  copper  ore.  Later  lu 
5  swasion  of  1.S85  the  members  of  the  company  Vi^ent  to  the  scene  and  found 
J  snow  out  of  the  gorge  and  th9.t  the  workings  were  forty  or  fifty  feet  above- 
bed.  In  1890  and  1891  steps  were  taken  towards  the  mining  of  the  Iron  ore- 
Ir  smelting  at  the  blast  furnace  and  steel  works  then  under  constnictlnn  at 
Irkland,  but  when  that  enterprise  failed  during  the  panic,  work  was  stopped 
Id  has  not  been  resumed. 

Another  early  dlpc6very  of  Iron  ore,  which  may  also  prove  to  be  only  the- 
Ipplng  of  a  body  of  copper  pyrites,  is  the  Guye  Iron  Mines  on  Ouye's  Peak, 
^orlooklng  Snoqualmle  Pass.  It  is  reached  by  following  the  wagon  road  for 
.enty-flve  miles  from  North  Rend  to  a  point  directly  west  of  the  pass  and 
len  taking  a  trail  for  one  and  one-half  miles.  The  mountain  Is  formed  of 
|rphyry,  dlorlte  and  quartzite  and  the  ore  bodies  follow  a  northeast  by 
uthwe«t  course  in  a  formation  of  porphyry  and  marble.  Near  the  foot  of 
cliff  on  this  mountain  the  body  of  magnetic  iron  crops  to  a  width  of  sixty 
seventy  feet  and  has  oeen  stripped  to  a  depth  of  100  feet,  while  another 
Spplng  Is  100  feet  deep  and  150  feet  wide.  The  ore  carries  60  to  72  per  cent, 
btalllc  Iron,  with  only  traces  of  sulphur  and  phosphorus,  and  is  pronounced 
metallurjrists  to  lie  first-class  Bessemer  iron.  On  the  summit  of  the 
>untiiln.  300  feet  higher,  is  a  round  knoll  of  similar  ore  300  feet  long  and 
feet  wide,  but  not  as  rich  in  'ron.  On  these  several  croppings  and  the 
tensions  of  the  ledges  F.  M.  Gu>e.  Hon.  Thomas  Burke.  Hon.  John  Leary, 
[F.  Brlggs  and  John  W.  Guye  have  twelve  r^lalms  patented. 

Another  body  of  what  is,  on  the  surfwct  Iron  ore  is  on  the  six  claims, 
>ned  by  F.  M.  and  John  W.  Guye  and  known  as  the  Green  Mountain  group, 
lese  are  on  the  mountain  between  the  middle  and  north  forks,  six  milea 
>m  Saiial  Prairie.  The  deposits  are  red  hematite  and  magnetic  Iron  thirty 
perpendicular  and  twenty-five  feet  wide  In  a  formation  of  porphyritic- 
mlte,  but  they  have  only  been  stripped  and  thus  It  has  not  been  ascertained 
lether  the  ore  changes  character  with  depth.  The  magnetic  Iron  ore 
rries  69  to  72  per  cent,  and  the  iictuaiiLc  S*?  *o  65  per  cent,  metallic  iron  and 
|tb  are  almost  free  from  sulphur  and  phosphortis. 

Tet  another  similar  body  of  magnetic  iron  exists  on  the  Chair  Peak  groui^ 
[five  claims,  owned  by  the  Chair  Peak  Mining  Company.  Leaving  the  r.-iil- 
pid  at  Sallal  Prairie,  one  goes  by  the  wagon  road  up  the  middle  fork  tct 
jshlng's  ranch  and  by  trail  up  Tuacohatchie  Creek  to  Chair  Peak,  so  named 
)m  Its  having  the  form  of  a  great  arm-chair.  A  great  oliff  of  magnetic 
in  eighty-two  feet  wide  ris'-'s  from  Snow  Lake  on  the  east  side  of  the 
buntain  and  also  crops  on  th.  west  side.  It  shows  copper  in  the  croppings. 
Id  will  probably  change  to  copper -ore -when  the  capping  Is  pierced.     Thefe 


42 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


are  on  the  same  mountain  deposits  of  marble  and  limestone,  but  the  fonnar 
has  been  so  shattered  by  convulsions  as  to  be  commerciauy  woruiless. 

On  the  next  ridge  to  the  east  of  Chair  Peait  Lon  Jose  and  others,  of  North 
Bend,  have  a  similar  surface  showing  on  the  Copper  Chief  group,  from  which 
they  have  run  a  tunnel  300  feet  in  the  form  of  a  horseshoe,  for  the  purpose  or 
reaching  the  solid  formation,  and  have  shown  sulphide  ores  and  some  galena. 
Adjoining  this  e-roup  Victor  Penberthy  and  others  have  the  Emma  group,  on 
which  a  tifty-foot  tunnel  has  shown  a  body  of  copper  sulphides,  and  on  Red 
Mountain,  to  the  northeast,  J.  W.  Walrath  and  Robert  IMamond  have  the 
Commonweaithi  on  which  a  250-foot  tunnel  has  shown  a  large  body  of  copper 
pyrites. 

Returning  to  North  Bend,  we  And  a  number  of  claims  on  Mount  SI,  the 
bold  shoulder  of  the  ridge  dividing  tne  north  and  middle  forlis,  and  on  the 
continuation  of  that  ridge. 

On  the  north  forli  side  of  Mount  Si,  three  and  one-half  mllee  from  North 
Bend,  iMed  li.ilis  and  Aib.  rt  iv»  liy,  of  Ntw  ioik,  have  two  claims  on  a  ledge 
which  is  said  to  crop  eighty  feet  wide  and  in  which  a  seventy-foot  tunnel 
shows  a  sixteen-inch  strtak  of  sulphides  with  some  galena,  assays  running 
as  high  as  |20. 

On  a  heavily  iron-cappeu  ledge  traced  up  this  mountain  W.  C.  Keith,  W. 
H.  Clark  and  F.  Henderson  have  the  Annie  group  of  three  claims.  A  fifty- 
foot  tunnel  is  in  sulphide  ore  and  chalcopyrlte  all  the  way  between  well- 
dettned  walls  pitchlnR  SO  degrees,  and  a  seventy-five-foot  tunnel  Is  also  in  ore 
almost  its  whole  length,  whue  an  eight-foot  shaft  shows  the  ledge  seven  feet 
between  walls.  An  average  of  several  assays  is  about  %'ZS  gold  and  silver. 
Another  ledge  crops  on  the  middle  claim,  but  has  not  l>een  defined. 

On  a  parallel  ledge  John  B.  Gregor  has  shown  similar  ore  in  a  sixty-foot 
tunnel,  and  in  a  new  tunnel  started  lielow  it  in  the  fall  of  1896,  he  struck  two 
feet  of  fine  sulphide  ore,  while  further  down  the  mountain  he  discovered  a 
new  ledge  containing  three  feet  of  ore,  which  assayed  $75  In  all  values 

The  Copper  Bell  and  i^eta  are  new  locations  by  Sherry  McElroy,  Joseph 
Sher«,  George  Sharlk  and  Charles  Baxter  on  what  was  formerly  well  known 
as  the  Black  Jack  ledge,  two  and  one-half  miles  from  Sallal  Prairie  on  the 
north  fork.  The  ledge  is  a  large  one,  in  the  contact  between  granite  and 
gneiss,  and  carries  low-grade  concentrating  ore  in  the  form  of  sulphides, 
which  assay  about  $10  in  gold,  silver  and  6opper,  while  four  cross  ledges,  one 
to  four  feet  wide,  carry  ore  of  higher  grade,  which  is  free  milling  on  the 
surface.  A  tunnel  was  run  136  feet  on  a  stringer  and  showed  the  ore  to  change 
from  free  milling  to  concentrating.  A  drift  from  this  tunnel  ran  forty  feet 
to  the  left  and  then  ran  sixty-eight  feet  to  strike  the  contact  of  the  main 
ledge.  Another  tunnel  is  in  170  feet  on  a  stringer,  200  feet  below,  to  tap  the 
same  ledge.  The  owners  propose  to  erect  a  small  mill  this  spring  to  reduce 
the  free  milling  ore. 

On  Mount  Tenerlffe,  aoout  half  a  mile  further  up  the  north  fork,  W.  C. 
Kedth  and  W.  B.  Akers  »iave  the  Clevelana  and  Legal  'i-^noer  on  a  iwenty- 
foot  ledge,  carrying  fine  sulphurets  of  iron  and  copper,  vhich  assay  about 
$40  gold.  The  ledge  has  been  cross-cut  for  sixteen  feet,  and  a  thirty-foot 
tunnel  follows  the  pay  streak  on  the  hanging  wall. 

Near  the  foot  of  Chair  Peak  is  the  L^iura  l^indsay,  one  of  the  oldest  loca- 
tions in  the  district,  now  owned  by  the  Bowker  brothers.  It  has  a  four-foot 
ledge  of  sulphide  ore  in  a  soft  talcose  gangue  between  walls  of  granite  and 
slate  and  a  250-foot  tunnel  shows  ore  carrying  $30  to  $40  gold  and  silver. 

On  Taylor  river,  a  tributary  of  the  middle  fork,  Thomas  Nlles  has  the 
Lost  Lode,  on  which  an  eifhty-foot  cross-cut  has  tapped  a  strong  ledge,  but 
has  not  struck  the  wall,  showln?  ore  woll  mineralized  with  gold,  silver,  lead 
and  molybdenite,  generally  associated  with  hornblende. 

The  Last  Chance  group  of  three  claims  on  McCiellan  Butte  Is  on  a  true 
Assure  ledge  of  quart.''.,  oarryir.g  pyrites,  which  has  been  traced  for  a  mile. 
Three  tunnels,  the  longest  one  of  which  la  sixty  feet,  have  shown  four  feet 
of  ore  between  strong  walls,  assaying  $7.50  to  $15  in  gold  and  silver. 

On  Profile  Mountain,  so  calleri  from  a  big  cllfi  which,  when  seen  at  a 
certain  angle,  forms  a  perfect  profile  of  George  Washington,  the  Pac!:lo 
Mining  Company  has  the  Oella  Jane  group  of  seven  claims,  'ihe  ledge  Is  a 
true  fissure  two  feet  wide,  a.s  shown  in  a  twenrf;y-foot  cross-cut,  and  carries 
about  $17  free  gold  in  decomposed  quartz  gangue.  Another  ledge  of  the  same 
size  and  character  runs  Into  a  porphyry  dike  and  has  been  opened  by  a 
iseventy-four-foot  tunnel.  This  company  Is  preparing  to  resume  work  this 
«prlng. 

At  the  Star  Oabln.  twenty-six  miles  from  North  Bend  on  the  south  fork, 
'SV.  C.  Weeks  and  George  W.  Tlbbetts  have  the  Black  Prince  group,  on  which 
they  have  done  a  good  amount  of  work. 

The  miners  along  the  south  and  middle  fork  of  the  Snoqualmle  have 
organized  the  Summit  Mining  District,  but  it  is  generally  known  as  the  Sno- 
qualmle district,  and  that  name  has  been  adopted  to  avoid  confusion  with 
the  Summit  District  in  Pierce  County. 


iunruT. 


PIERCE  and  YAKIMA  COUNTIES. 
WASHINGTON. 


pa 


•Mil...       *=^ 


>  iNOmm^ 


I. 

i. 

8. 
4. 

5. 
K. 
7. 
8. 
V. 

la. 
ii. 
IS. 

-n. 

14. 

15. 
16. 
17. 

1«. 
U. 
£0. 
21. 
!». 
28. 


HaMot 
Knox. 
Comet 
Pntor 
Ophlr. 
Kalrrtew. 
fioode'ionjfU. 
VaionioCb. 
Cainnbtill  Oroap. 
Hswiis. 
Ntptune. 
Terror. 
Cnrreat. 
FJura 
O.  A.  R. 
BtHck  Kawk. 
White  Elephant 
v.',Vit«  (j'uiUl 
ViliM  or  Sf«r  OnopL 
(little  (h:a. 
M.uttodoa. 
Jtmin^  Star. 
UighlcuJ  Kai;. 
FofTWt  A  Farreira 
ttn>ap 


miMna  cuins. 


8».  ColU  Sprinc. 

2«.  Parrot 

87.  Forest  Qneaa, 

W.  Tip  Top 
2H.  Kmma 
SO.  HilTer  ReeC 

31.  Bloe  BelL 

32.  Cittwg  fulnt 
3:i  )Varr<>».->  Mm^ 

S-1.  liry8priDsr. 
3>«.  Dam  Kina 
SO.  Gold  Sprint 

37.  liamaoR  k  i 

38.  CoBistock. 
3!).  LaRNtta. 
41).  Gold  Hath. 
41.  Boston. 

41  \M\y  of  tht  l«k«b 

43.  nonainsa. 

44.  Smninit  Co. 

4.5.  RIacIc  Uiamnad. 
4t).  Rortba  Ofori(t«. 
47.  Hollfij. 
a.  ''ombiiMtlaB. 
4».  eiizab«tb. 


MINING     IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


BXJENA   VISTA. 

This  district  lies  along  the  north  fork  of  the  Snoqualmle  river  and  Its 
tributaries  and  Is  an  extension  across  the  ridge  of  the  Miller  and  Money 
Creek  districts,  having  iiia  same  characteristics.  In  fact,  many  of  the 
principal  claimS  are  on  extensions  of  the  great  ledges  of  Miller  river  and 
Money  Creek  traced  through  the  ridge  to  the  Snoqualmle  side— a  striking: 
evidence  of  the  strength  and  permanence  of  the  mineral,  bodies  of  the  Cas- 
cade Range. 

It  is  only  within  the  last  year  that  much  work  has  been  done  on  the  north 
fork,  its  distance  from  tae  railroad— about  twenty-flve  miles— being  an 
obstacle,  though  the  extension  of  the  road  by  King  County  would  do  much 
to  make  it  accessible.  The  route  to  it  is  by  the  Seattle  &  International  Rail- 
road to  North  Bend,  sixty  miles  from  Seattle,  then  by  road  for  nineteen  miles 
and  the  remainder  of  the  distance  by  trail. 

A  notable  instance  of  the  tracing  of  a  series  of  ledges  th.-ough  a  lofty 
mountain  ridge  is  the  Mastodon  group  of  eleven  claims,  near  the  head  of  the 
north  fork.  These  are  on  the  extension  of  the  Brooklyn  series  of  ledges  from 
Coney  Basin  in  the  Miller  River  district.  On  one  of  these  work  has  been 
continued  since  June,  1896,  having  begun  on  a  small  scale  in  the  previous 
year.  A  shaft  is  down  fifty  feet,  cutting  a  ledge  ten  or  twelve  feet  wide.  In 
which  there  is  three  feet  of  copper  sulphurets  and  gp'ena  assaying  as  high 
as  eighty  ounces  silver,  $20  gold  and  29  per  cent,  cop  r.  The  other  ledges 
are  of  the  same  character  and  equally  strong.  This  g  oup  Is  owned  by  J.  M. 
Sharp,  the  estate  of  John  Miller  and  J.  L.  Warner,  of  Rossland,  B.  C. 

One  mile  from  this  group  are  the  Artzona  and  Washington,  owr.^J  b;  the 

Arizona  Gold  Mining  Company,  which  are  on  the  extension  of  the  Money 

Creek  ledges  through  the  ridge,  being  one  and  one-half  miles  from  the  Apex 

and  one  mile  from  the  BrooKlyn.     The  Arizona  has  an  east  and  west  ledge  of 

porphyry  forty  feet  wide  between  walls  of  granite  which  stand  up  100  feet 

perpendicularly  on  each  side  and  carries  a  body  of  copper  sulphide  ore  assay- 

•  Ing  $35,  mostly  gold,  on  the  surface.     The  Washington  has  a  similar  ledge 

:  fifty  feet  wide,  mineralized  thiougnout  and  carrying  twenty  f^et  of  pay  ore, 

i  being  clearly  traceable  up  the  face  of  the  cliff.    The  company  has  a  mlllsite  on 

two  small  lakes  400  feet  south  of  the  Washington,  thai  outlet  of  which  will 

I  furnish  water  power. 

f  One  mile  above  the  mouth  of  the  middle  prong  of  the  north  fork  is  the 
iFletcher  Webster  group  of  nine  claims  owned  by  Andrew  Hemrich,  Philo 
iRuthprfora  and  others.  The  main  Fedge  is  eight  feet  wide  in  the  croppings, 
ll)ut  widens  at  one  point  to  forty  feet.  An  open  cross-cut  and  a  forty-foot 
Itunnel  snow  it  to  be  mineralized  enough  throughout  to  pay  for  concentration 
land  to  carry  four  feet  oi  pay  ore  averaging  $."52  in  gold  and  silver,  from  a 
Inumber  of  assays.  The  mineral  on  the  surface  is  iron  sulphides,  but  changes 
|at  depth  to  galena  ore.  with  Increasing  value.  This  change  in  character  Is 
general  throughout  this  district. 

On  Ill.nois  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  main  north  fork.  George  A.  Pratt  and 
)avid  Rushing  have  the  Belle  of  Tennessee  group  of  nine  claims  on  a  ledge 
twenty  feet  wide,  showing  in  the  croppings  an  ore  chute  forty  feet  longr, 
^xrrying  $15  gold,  $S.60  silver  on  the  surface. 


SUMMIT. 

Deriving  its  name  from  its  position  on  the  summit  of  the  Cascade  Range 
imong  the  foothills  of  Mount  Rainier,  this  district,  which  was  organized  in 
1891,  occupies  the  northwest  corner  of  Yakima  and  the  eastern  part  of  Pierce 
ipuntles.  On  the  west  It  Is  at  the  sources  of  Sliver  Creek,  flowing  into  White 
River,  and  on  the  east  its  waters  form  Morse  and  Union  Creeks,  which  unite 
In  American  River,  an  aflSuent  of  Bumping  River,  which  empties  -into  the 
pTakima.  Accessible  alike  from  the  east  and  west,  It  has  been  explored  by 
the  people  of  Tacoma  and  Buckley  on  the  latter,  and  of  Yakima  on  the 
fopmer  side,  but  the  western  men  have  the  majority  of  the  properties.  The 
feountry  formation  is  mostly  of  crystalline  eruptive  rock,  although  slate  and 
limestone  are  to  be  found.  The  ledges  are  large  and  well  mineralized 
throughout,  carrying  gold  on  the  surface  which  has  been  made  free  .  by 
oxidation,  but  as  depth  la  attained  the  ore  will  probably  become  base,  afi  tn 
nher  districts  on  the  Cascades.     The  ores  also  carry  a  smaJl  silver  valuer 

nd  galena  and  iron  sulphides  are  also  f ounu  associated  wltlx  the  precious 

letals. 

Tacoma  Is   the   headquarters    of  those     Interested   In    the   district,    and 

luckley,   thirty  miles  east  on   the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.   Is  the  out- 

(UnK  point.    Theiice  a  good  horse  trail  leads  up  Whtte  river  and  Sliver 


4C 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Creek  to  Gold  Hill,  at  tM  head  of  the  latter  stream,  a  distance  of  flfty-flv« 
miles.  From  North  Yakima  on  the  east,  the  district  Is  entered  by  horse  trail 
sixty-eight  miles  long,  up  the  Yakima  River  and  its  upper  tributaries  to  the 
summit.  A  movement  is  now  on  foot  to  construct  a  wagon  road  from 
Buckley  to  Yakima  by  way  of  Greenwater  River,  White  River,  Silver  Creek, 
to  the  Silver  Basin,  then  down  the  Yakima  watershed  on  the  eastern  slope. 
This  would  reduce  the  distance  from  Buckley  to  Gold  Hill  to  forty  miles 
and  the  Buckley  people  have  by  voluntary  effort  constructed  six  miles  of  It. 
The  state  legislature  has  made  a  liberal  appropriation  for  an  extension  from 
the  summit  to  Yakima.  .  .  .  .         . 

The  first  mining  in  this  district  of  which  there  is  any  recdrd  was  done  In 
1880-82  on  some  placer  ground  near  the  head  of  Morse  Creek,  below  the 
present  Comstock  Mine.  Here  H.  L.  Tucker,  George  Gibbs  and  others,  of 
North  Yakima,  took  out  good  wages,  one  nugget  of  $80  having  been  found,  a 
17  nugget  being  taken  out  last  season  and  $1  nuggets  being  not  uncommon. 
This  mine  came  into  the  hands  of  Robert  Fife  and  others,  who  lately  sold  it 
for  $3,000.  The  first  owners  of  this  mine,  however,  found  that  somebody  had 
been  there  before  them,  for  an  old  cabin  stood  far  up  the  west  fork  of  Whita 
River  and  some  trees  on  the  west  side  of  the  east  fork  of  that  stream  were 
marked  with  old  blazes. 

Led  on  by  float  dn  White  River,  George  M.  Brown,  Frank  W.  and  George 
W.  Glbbs,  of  Tacoma,  and  Thomas  and  Robert  Fife,  of  Yakima,  made. the 
first  ouartz  location  in  the  summer  of  1888  on  Gold  Hill  and  have  since  proved 
them  to  be  among  the  best  in  the  district.  Other  claims  took  up  the  hill  and 
epread  all  around  it,  making  it  the  center  of  a  fast-widening  circle  of  activity. 
One  of  their  first  locations  was  the  Comstock,  already  mentioned,  on  which 
the  ledge  has  not  yet  been  defined,  though  a  pay  streak  shows  the  full  width 
of  a  sevent;  foot  tunnel  and  in  several  open  cuts,  and  has  given  an  average 
assay  of  $3!t.iO  gold  and  sliver.  This  claim,  together  with  thirty-five  other 
quartz  claims  and  one  placer  claim,  is  now  owned  by  the  Summit  Mining  and 
Reduction  Company,  of  'lacoma,  which  In  1896  purchased  it,  together  with  a 
number  of  claims  on  Gold  Hill  owned  by  Mrs.  Emily  Knight,  of  Tacoma. 
Much  money  has  beei.  spent  on  these  claims  In  the  way  of  cutting  trails  and 
building  cabins,  but  little  has  been  done  to  prove  the  value  of  the  ledges. 
That  they  hawe  much  merit  is  shown  by  the  following  assays  made  at  the 
Tacoma  smelter  from  the  principal  ones: 


DESCRIPTION. 


Sailor  Queen 
Blue  Bell  ... 

Boston  

Current  

Comstock  ... 
Blue  Grass   . 


Per  Ton  or  2,000  lbs. 


Ounces 
Gold. 


4.04 
8  per  cent 

13.20 
4  per  cent 

1.80 

/  40 


Ounces 
Sl'ver. 


44.00 

48.30 

1.20 

3.60 

5.00 

17.60 


Value  Per  Toa 
of  2,000  n>s. 


1110  72 
48  ^4 
264  81 
10  44 
39  40 
69  96 


This  company  now  controls  the  ground  In  the  vicinity  of  Gold  Hill  and 
will  begin  development  In  the  spring. 

The  Crown  Point,  a  little  west  of  the  Comstock,  owned  by  George  M. 
Brown,  has  a  seven-foot  ledge  In  which  a  thirty-foot  tunnel  and  several  open 
cuts  have  shown  ore  averaging  $38  gold  and  sliver,  though  assays  have  run 
as  high  as  $60  gold,  6  ounces  sliver.  East  of  the  Comstock  Mr.  Brown  has  the 
Lolette  on  a  four-foot  ledge,  on  which  a  tunnel  has  been  driven  fifteen  feet, 
showing  ore  which  averaged  $36  gold.  From  a  four-foot  ledge  on  the  Eva  he 
has  also  obtained  assays  of  4  ounces  gold  and  44  ounces  sKver. 

The  Fife  brothers  retained  their  faith  in  the  district  when  all  others  lost 
heart,  and  remained  at  work  until  late  In  December,  only  leaving  when 
supplies  ran  out  and  hunger  drove  them  back  to  civilization.  At  that  time, 
too,  they  had  no  roads,  nor  even  trails,  and  had  to  find  their  way  by  blazes. 
Their  best  group  is  the  Blue  Bell  of  six  claims  at  the  head  of  Union  Creek, 
a  mile  west  of  Gold  Hill.  The  Blue  Bell  ledge  Itself  is  on  the  summit  of 
the  range,  the  ore  being  In  a  porphyry  dike,  with  a  seam  of  quartz  and  a 
seam  of  porphyry.  All  of  this  carries  value,  but  the  quartz  assays)  high  in 
free  gold.  A  roughly  constructed  arrastre  was  erected  several  years  ago  on 
Union  Creek,  below  the  mine,  and  has  made  a  run  each  season.  Ten  tone 
of  ore  was  milled  last  season  without  any  pretense  of  sorting  and  a  little 
over  eight  ounces  of  amalgam  was  cleaned  up  Robert  Fife  also  has  the 
Blizabeth,  on  Morse  Creek,  on  which  a  five-foul  ledge  has  been  opened  In 
several  places,  giving  an  assay  of  $72.  Mr.  Fife  and  J.  J.  Armstrong,  of 
Takima,  have  run  a  tunnel  twenty-five  feet  and  made  several  small  cro»«- 
cuts  on  a  similar  ledge  on  the  Morning  Star  and  Bonanza,  just  below  the 
Comstock. 

James  A.  Farrell  and  J.  R.  Forrest,  of  Tacoma,  made  their  advent  in  th« 
dkitrlct  in  1891  on  a  hunting  trip,  but  turned  their  attention  to  proepectiliff 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


a 


and  made  a  number  of  valuable  discoveries  on  a  mountain  spur  near  the 
head  of  Silver  Creek,  which  they  named  Pick-handle  Point.  They  have  done 
as  much  as  any  two  men  to  open  up. the  district.  This  mountain  seems  to  be 
transversely  cut  by  numberless  narrow  but  very  rich  parallel  ledges.  On  the 
Blue  Grouse  and  Sure  Thing  there  Is  a  network  of  parallel  ledgee  two  to 
three  feet  wide,  opened  by  a  twenty-foot  shaft  and  numerous  cross-cuts. 
Their  first  aaoay  was  $3  gold,  but  last  year  they  took  out  ore  running  $62  gold 
and  31  ounces  silver.  On  the  Damfln o  and  Dry  Spring  they  have  free  milling 
ore  which  carries  US  gold  and  2  ounces  silver,  and  have  also  some  good 
placer  ground  on  Morse  Creek.  On  this  mountain  is  the  Little  Gem,  owned 
by  Edward  Collins,  of  Buckley,  and  below  it  on  Sliver  Creek  he  and  William 
and  Alexander  McNlcol,  of  Buckley,  have  the  Collins. 

Near  the  summit  of  the  range,  two  miles  south  of  Gold  Hill,  George  Sedge, 
of  Takima,  has  a  group  of  claims  on  which  he  has  driven  a  tunnel  110  feet, 
exposing  ore  which  averages  $33  gold.  Below  this  claim  Willlai^  and  Alex- 
ander McNlcol  and  M.  B.  Compton  have  the  Blazing  Star  on  an  eight-foot 
ledge,  in  which  a  twenty-five  foot  shaft  and  a  cross-cut  show  a  three-foot 
pay  streak  assaying  $190  gold  and  10  ounces  silver.  The  Highland,  with  three 
and  one-half  feet  of  similar  ore  on  the  surface,  has  the  same  owners.  The 
Evening  Star,  owned  by  John  Shantz  and  George  Fuller,  is  on  a  thirteen-foot 
ledge,  believed  to  be  an  extension  of  the  Blazing  Star. 

In  1894  exploration  was  extended  by  E.  K.  Current  and  his  son,  J.  B.  Cur- 
rent, of  Buckley,  John  Wilkeson  and  Samuel  Fletcher  to  Crystal  Mountain, 
an  extension  of  the  Summit  ridge  dividing  White  River  on  the  west  from 
Sliver  Creek,  its  tributary,  on  ^he  east,  and  rising  to  an  elevation  of  8,000  feet. 
This  mountain  Is  formed  of  gthy  and  purple  porphyry,  dotted  with  crystallized 
feldspar,  and  Is  cut  by  ledges  of  decomposed  porphyrltlc  quartz  ranging  from 
twelve  to  twenty  feet  dn  width,  carrying  free  gold  on  the  surface,  and  assayers 
pronounce  the  ore  first-class  free  milling.  As  In  other  parts  of  the  district. 
'  the  gold  is  chiefly  found  in  the  form  of  fine  sulphur ets  and  is  f^ee  on  the 
I  surface  only  through  the  oxidation  of  the  iron. 

One  of  Mr.  Current's  groups,  comprising  nine  claims,  is  owned  JoJnMj  by 

ihim  and  his  brother-in-law,  James  Gebert,  of  New  Iberia,  La.,  and  they  nAV« 

pushed  development  during  the  past  year.     On  one  of  their  claims  a  shaft  it 

[down  elghty-nve  feet,  showing  a  fourteen-foot  ledge,  all  pay  ore.     Assayt 

I  range  from  $15  to  $103  gold,  but  the  most  reliable  returns  are  three  mill  test* 

[giving  an  average  of  $13  free  gold.     A  twenty-foot  tunnel  on  an  extension 

{shows  the  ledge  eight  feot  wide  with  ore  assaying  $4  to  $28  gold,  mostly  tree. 

iOn  an  immense  parallel  ledge,  of  which  the  walls  have  not  been  traced,  are 

Ithree  claims.     On  one  of  these  a  forty-five  foot  cross-cut  has  shown  ore 

assaying  $8.75  to  $150  gold  and  silver,  mostly  the  former.     Another  has  the 

ledge  defined  to  a  width  of  nine  feet,  and  from  a  forty-foot  tunnel  assays  of 

^  gold  and  5  or  6  ounces  silver  have  been  obtained.     A  sixty-five  foot  tunnel 

on  the  th'ird  claim  showed  ore  assaying  as  high  as  $28  gdld.     Another  claim 

ts  on  a  large  ledge  of  low  grade  ore,  assays  from  a  twenty-five  foot  tunnel 

iveraglng  $25,     It  Is  intended  to  erect  a  stamp  mill  on  this  group  during  the 

The  Cr-  3tal  Mountain  group,  owned  by  Mr.  Current,  In  conjunction  with 
L    W    Frater  and  A.  W.  Hawks,  of  Everett,  comprises  five  claims  south  of 
le   Current   group    and   1,500^  feet   below   it,    along   Silver   Creek.     On    one 
these  the  ledge  is  twenty-two   feet  wide  and  a  ten-foot  shaft  Is  down 
ore  assaying  from  $10  to  $250.     Another  has  a  six-foot  ledge  assaying  from 
J  to  $44.  and  the  others  make  good  showings  on  thti  surface.     The  seme 
Jirties  have  some  valuable  placer  ground  below  these  claims,  and  Messrs. 
Frater  and  Hawks  have  three  other  claims  on  the  same  mountain.     It  Is 
roposed  to  erect  a  stamp  mill  on  this  group  also  during  t..e  summer,  ditches 
^vlnc  been  cut  and  bull<Mngs  erected  In  readiness.     Despite  the  great  height 
if  the  mountain,  it  will  not  be  difficult  to  transport  machinery  over  zlz-sag 
rails  up  its  sides.  ^.      _.      _.        ,„      .„,. 

Another  group  of  six  claims,  owned  by  John  Campbell,  of  Yakima,  covers 
ne  Kood-slzed  ledges  on  Crystal  Mountain,  which  assay  well  on  the  surface, 
lut  little  work  has  been  done.  North  of  the  Crystal  Mountain  group  William 
I  Dooley  Herbert  Recuse  and  John  Stone  have  a  group  of  claims,  on  one  of 
rhlch  a  seven-foot  ledge  has  been  stripped  for  eighty  feet  and  shows  ore 
«.nning  well,  vnough  no  assays  have  been  made.  Adjoining  the  Frater- 
Surrent  group  on  the  southeast,  Mr.  Presby,  of  Goldendale,  has  the  Nell, 
which  a  small  amount  of  development  shows  good  ore,  carrying  free  silver, 
Adjoining  the  Current  Group  No.  2  the  Gold  Hill  Mining  &  Milling  Coim 
my  has  the  King  Group  of  three  clairns  on  exten^ohs  of  three  of  the  princit 
a\  ledires.  which  are  shown  by  development  on  other  properties  and  by  8nr> 
ifee  cuts  to  be  three  to  fifteen  feet  wide,  carrying  free  gold  and  some  nati*" 
liver.     Assays  range  from  $8  to  $60  and  averag«  about  n2- 

Other  ledges  that  have  been  located  neap  the  Curreot  group  No.  8.  and  «t 

amewhat  similar  formation,  are  the  French,  the  Thompson,   the^  Bjfjnf . 

MonMng  to  g«ntlemen  whose  names  they  respeetively  bear,  and  t^  ^™»> 

med  by  E.  K.  Current,  of  Buckley,  and  Dr.  Fletcher,  of  North  Taklna. 

f«Be  arc  all  large  and  prominent  ledges.       ,    „•  « 

On  the  summltv  south  of  Gold  HUl.  J.  A.  ni«J,.W.  S.  Vilw.  L.  W.  Rogers 
»d  H.  F.  Rogers,  of  North  YaKima,  have  the  Star  group  of  four  clrims  on 
(3) 


iMii 


46 


MINING     IX     THE     PACIFIC     NORTHWEST. 


a  contuot  ledRe  between  granitu  and  slate,  and  have  done  considerable 
development,  showing  ore  which  assays  from  $7  to  |60. 

The  Black  Hawk  group  of  three  claims,  owned  by  the  Northwest  Mining 
Company,  lies  three  miles  southwest  of  Gold  Hill,  and  will  begin  operations 
in  the  spring.  On  one  ledge  it  has  two  claims  and  two  tunnels  .ibout  thirty- 
flve  feet  each  and  a  third  twenty-five  feet  long  are  in  ore  assaying  $33  to  $101, 
mostly  in  free  gold.  The  third  claim  is  as  yet  undeveloped,  but  the  surface 
ore  pans  well.  Near  this  group  Thomas  Baker,  of  Goldendale.  and  Spencer 
Jacobs,  of  Yakima,  have  the  McKinley  on  a  seven-foot  ledge,  which  pans 
well  on  the  surface. 

W.  J.  Knapp,  T.  J.  Sullivan,  William  Dougherty  and  Professor  Fred 
Chamberlain,  of  Buckley,  have  the  Welcome  group  of  four  claims  on  a  ledge 
wMch  averages  about  four  feet  in  width  and  assays  from  $2  to  $S  gold,  on  the 
east  branch  of  White  River. 

Messrs.  Knapp  and  Chamberlain  are  owners  of  the  White  Glacier  and  the 
Cascade  lodes,  near  the  glaciers.  In  this  locality  are  also  the  Lone  Star, 
White  Pawn  and  Esther,  owned  by  W.  .T.  and  Guy  Knapp,  the  walls  of  which 
are  thirty-two  feet  apart,  and  assay,  copper  $25,  silver  42  ounqes  and  gold 
$29.70.  Together  with  Professor  Chamberlain  and  Drew  Jones  they  also  own 
the  Blue  Marmot  and  the  Blue  Wednesday,  situated  between  the  Crow  Creek 
and  Silver  Creek  Basins.  Mr.  Knapp  has  a  promising  placer  claim,  which  he 
Intends  working  with  sluices  next  summer,  situated  very  close  to  the  glaciers 
of  the  east  branch  of  White  River. 

William  A.  Rainey  and  A.  W.  Tweedem,  of  Tacoma,  are  also  on  Upper 
White  River  and  own  the  Gold  Standard  group  of  four  claims.  In  the  same 
vicinity  F.  C.  Brodie  and  William  Hart,  of  Goldendale,  have  six  claims,  from 
wMch  they  have  taken  good  ore. 

Late  last  summer  a  number  of  claims  were  located  west  of  Gold  Hill,  on 
which  no  work  has  yet  been  done,  but  which  prospect  well  on  the  surface. 
Chief  among  these  are  the  Parrot  and  Forest  Queen,  owned  by  George  Brown, 
T.  Sullivan  and  T.  L.  Baker;  Ihe  Forest  King,  owned  by  Herbert  Morris: 
the  Tennis,  by  A.  R.  Scott;  the  Ethel,  by.W.  Froggett,  and  the  Florence  and 
Mahapac,  by  Charles  E.  Gregory. 

A  group  of  six  claims  was  located  along  the  headwaters  of  Rattlesnake 


Creek,  on  a  range  of  mountains  called  the  Nelson's  Peaks,  in  August,  1894,  b; 
F.  E.  McDougal  and  S.  P.  Bennett,  of  Buckley.     The  ore  carries  $20  g( 
16  ounces  silver  and  2  per  cent,  copper.     P.  Henning,  John  T.  Davis  and  C.  B. 


Talbot,  of  Tacoma,  have  covered  220  acres  of  nickel  ore  territory,  situated 
twenty-five  mlle^  eastward  of  Buckley  and  on  the  lower  Green  Water  River. 
While  these  groups  are  not  in  the  Summit  District,  they  are  naturally  tribu- 
tary to  it. 

A  remarkable  discovery  comes  within  the  same  category,  for  it  is  tributary 
to  Tacoma.  Th^^s  Is  the  Vanguard  group  of  four  claims  In  the  canyon  of  the 
Big  Mashell  River,  one  and  one-half  miles  from  EatonvlUe,  which  is  reached 
by  the  Mount  Rainier  wagon  road,  thirty-two  miles  from  Tacoma.  This  Is  a 
ledge  of  volcanic  cement  about  400  feet,  running  northwest  by  west  and  south- 
east by  east  between  walls  of  trachyte,  the  rock  being  similar  to  the  tufa 
channels  on  the  Forest  Hill  Divide  in  Placer  .'Jounty,  California.  It  shows 
only  sixty  feet  up  the  sides  of  the  canyon,  being  capped  with  gravel  wash 
from  Mount  Rainier.  Two  or  three  feet  bel^w  the  surface  Indications  of 
copper  appear  in  the  shape  of  prills,  or  small  grains,  of  copper.  As  a  shaft, 
which  iy  down  sixteen  feet,  was  sunk  it  encountered  sheets  of  copper,  thin  bm 
paper,  wherever  there  were  any  cracks  or  seams  in  the  rock,  and  the  propor- 
tldn  of  copper  has  increased  300  per  cent,  in  sinking.  This  strange  deposit  is 
owned  by  C.  P.  Toplift,  William  Foran  and  Wilbur  Todd,  of  Tacoma,  who 
have  bonded  it  to  Spokane  parties. 

Although  the  whole  of  the  Summit  District  was  Included  hi  the  Pacific 
Reserve  in  1892,  this  fact  has  not  deterred  the  minerf;  from  continuing  opera- 
tions, and  they  have  taken  st^ps  to  obtain  exemptions  from  interference  with 
their  work. 


CEDAB    BIVEB. 

This  district  has  peculiar  interest  for  Seattle  people,  since  it  is  tributary 
to  the  Seattle  &  International  Railroad,  one  of  the  chief  feeders  of  the  city's 
trade,  la  at  the  head  of  a  stream  flowing  down  to  that  city's  suburbs  and  the 
mining  properties  are  almost  entirely  owned  in  Seattle.  The  route  to  It  from 
the  city  is  by  the  Seattle  &  International  Railroad  to  North  Bend  on  the  Sno- 
qualmle,  by  a  good  wagon  road  to  a  point  six  miles  below  the  confluence  of 
Bear  Creek  with  Cedar  River  and  thence  by  trails,  one  running  up  each  of 
those  streams.  The  commissioners  of  King  county  propose  this  season  to 
extond  the  road  to  the  mouth  of  Bear  Creek,  the  mining  men  agreeing  to 
make  further  extensions  to  their  properties. 

The  mineral  belt  is  an  extensiori  6f  the  granite  and  syenite  formation 
which  has  been  traced  north  and  soutu  through  the  backbone  of  the  Cauioade 


m  iV 


CEDAR    RIVER. 


SEAT! 

1 


KINO  COUNTY. 


WASHINOTON. 


Sanamarpiah  Lake. 


NORTH  BEND." 


Jl  (      NAP  SHOWING  HOUTE  TO  MINES. 


RENTON. 

I 

kPLE  VALLEY.^     C*cfar 


'%.. 


IftBaMy. 


,«-' 


k^«W»'''  *** 


l*- 


J 

IT 

\ 


\x* 


kLE  OF  MILES. 


niMX  TO  mMuaoB  cuin. 

I.  8eatU& 

3.  lastChancft 
»■  Btefflwinder. 

4.  Ophir. 

S-  Frederick. 

«.EtU. 

7.  Sin  FnuMiMtt 

aSanJoM. 

9l  BtoMjM. 

10.  Los  Animlw 

11.  Nickel  Plate. 
1&  On  Line, 
la  Wood  Line. 
11  Rneka. 
!&•  Brown  Bear. 

16.  Mar  Karliart 

17.  Exi  No.  I. 
t&  Btt,  Ma  2. 
19.  MaM. 
iO.  La  Veta. 
•21  Capital. 
28.  Alee  a 
2&  Onaha. 
24.  Nebnaka. 
ih.  HoOeBan. 
S«.  Citole. 
37.  Bridal  Veft 


Bailwa]u> 
Wagon  Rondu,- 

IVtlla 

SiuBmit  Uneti.  - 


I  THE  MClFtC  NORTHWiar 


•unt.1  ««■„ 

— '     '  J 


inmNO    IN    THB    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Range  almost  the  whole  width  of  the  state.  The  course  of  the  ledires  Is 
generally  northeast,  and  southwest.  The  original  discoveries  were  Iron  and 
copper  pyrites  carrying  gold  and  silver,  but  more  recently  great  ledges  of 
free  mllUng  quarts  have  been  found  to  parallel  them.  Discoveries  began  In 
1891, and  haves  been  steadily  continued,  with  the  Inevitable  lull  during  the 
panic  years,  to  the  present  time,  and  development  wan  prosecuted  with 
renewed  vigor  during  1^.  The  principal  discoveries  were  made  by  B.  B. 
Robinson,  P.  K.  Mills,  Harry  Barhart,  Sherry  McKlroy,  William  and  James 
Irving,  B.  C.  Ives,  Fred  Turner  and  J.  M.  Hamilton,  the  more  recent  by  L. 

The  May  E>arhart  mine,  which  promises  to  become  the  first  producer, 
consists  of  Mx  claims  half  a  mile  up  Cedar  river  from  the  confluence  of  Bear 
Creek,  and  is  owned  by  the  Bbbinson  Mining  Company.  The  Iftdge  has  been 
broken  over  on  the  surface,  so  that  It  Ues  almost  flat,  cropping  out  on  the 
river  bank  to  a  great  width  under  an  iron  capping,  and  is  in  a  cor  aot 
between  granite  and  syenite.  The  first  work  done  was  to  sink  a  shaft  lu 
which  the  widthof  t|ie  ore  was  seven  feet..  As, the  accumulation  of  water 
oauned  trouble  in  this  shaft,  a  tuhnel  wliiirun  eighty-nine  feet  Into  the  hllL 
on  a  level  with  the  top  of  the  shaft,  and  diagonally  with  the  course  of  the 
ledge,  but  over  the  top  of  the  ore  body.  This  shows  the  ore  body  to  be  fully 
forty  feet  wide,  with  no  hanging  wall  in  sight.  Work  was  then  resumed  on 
the  Shalt  which  is  now  down  forty  feet  and  shows  the  ledge  to  have 
straightened  up.  The  ore  la  copper  and  iron  salpnides,  with  a  laxge  propor- 
tion of  silver  and  copper  glance  and  pockets  of  bornite,  and  also  contains  a 
large  quantity  of  hornblende  carrying  gold,  the  gangue  being  porphyry  easy 
to  mine.  An  average  of  four  assays  made  from  samples  taken  from  the 
dump  gave  (14.98  gold,  twenty-nine  ounces  silver.  At  that  time  the  shaft  was 
only  down  sixteen  feet  and  there  were  125  tons  on  the  dump,  from  which 
thirty  tons  could  be  sorted  averaging  |100  a  ton,  the  remainder  averaging 
about  $30.  The  shaft  has  since. been  sunk  to  a  depth  of  forty-three  feet  on 
the  footwall,  and  is  all  the  way  In  high-grade  ore,  which  continually  Improves 
in  quality  with  depth.  Assays  made  at  various  times  during  operation  have 
shown  much  higher  values  than  those  given  above,  but  the  company  is  con- 
lent  to  rely  upon  these  moderate  results.  There  are  about  300  tons  of  ore  on 
the  dump,  of  which  about  one-fourth  is  of  high  enough  grade  to  ship.  Two 
claims  are  on  a  cross  ledge. 

The  Brown  Bear  and  Bureko,  on  the  north  extension  of  the  May  Barhart 
ledge  across  Bear  Greek,  are  owned  by  B.  C.  Ives  and  othen.  The  ledge 
cropped  out  In  the  sldehlu  with  only  four  tnches  of  ore  on  the  surface  and  a 
two-Inch  stringer  twenty  feet  distant,  which  is  making  for  the  ledge.  A 
twenty-foot  shaft  showed  the  main  pay  streak  to  widen  to  sixteen  inches 
and  a  ten-foot  shalft  on  the  feeder  showed  it  to  widen  to  eight  inches,  the  ore 
being  of  the  same  character  in  every  respect. as  that  taken  from  the  May 
BKrhart  shaft.  .,,,.„. 

A  short  distance  further  up  Cedar  River  are  the  Woodline  and  Online 
owned  by  B.  B.  Robinson  and  John  Curry,  on  a  thirty-foot  ledge  containing 
several  streaks  of  sulphides.     From  a  small  shaft  ore  assaying  about  190  gold 
and  14  per  cent,  copper  has  been  taken. 

The  most  development  work  in  the  district  has  been  done  on  the  San  Jose 

>  group,  now  owned  oy  T.  F.  Townsley  and  .others,  and  perseverance  In  the 

I  face  of  many  discouragements  has  been  rewarded  by  the  discovery  of  a  lai'ge 

I  body  of  ore  in  the  last  tunnel.     The  main  ledge  crops  out  on  the  right  baalc 

lof  the  creek,  and  running  across,  shows  up  again  on  the  other  side  and  runs 

|up  the  mountain  diagonally  from  the  left  banK,  with  a  blow-out  on  the  right 

niank.     The  ledge  niatter  is  porphyry  and  is  forty  feet  wide  where  it  shows 

In  the  solid  granite  formation,  and  the  ore  carries  Iron  and  copper  sul- 

lides,  black  oxide  of  copper  carrying  gold  and  silver.     The  course  of  the 

Ige  Is  about  northwest  and  southeast,  with  a  pitch  of  95  degrees  east. 

„      The  first  work  done  was  a  cross-cut  300  feet  through  the  granite  on  the 

left  bank,  showing  one  ore  body  eight,  feet  wide  and  a  number  of  stringers, 

anging  from  one  to  eight  Inches.     A  shaft  was  sunk  thirty-four  feet  on  the 

ight-foot  ore  body,  and  a  stope  was  raised  thirty  feet  from  the  tunnel  Imme- 

lately  above  the  shaft.    Assays  of  this  ore  averaged  |9  to  |U  gold,  sliver  and 

3pper,  and  a  badly  sorted  shipment  of  ten  tons  made  in  1894  returned  112  a 

Dn  from  the  smelter.     A  shaft  was  then  sunJc  on  the  solid  cropping  to  a 

epth  of  twenty  feet,  but  proved  not  to  be  in  the  pay  chute  and  was  aban- 

oned.     A  cross-cut  was  next  started  on  the  left  bank  and  continued  for  180 

leet,  cutting  through  about  forty  feet  of  ore  in  a  uroken  formation,  which 

parried  |2  to  |6  gold  )ind  would  concentrate  forty  to  one.      A  short  tiinnel  wim 

Itarted  further  up  the  creek,  with  a  view  to  f oilQwlng  a  striifger  eight  to  t6n 

.ches  wide  Into  the  main  ledge,  and  In  this  ore  was  struck  averaglhg  pO  to 

'  for  all  values.     The  following  year  a  cross-cut  was 'started  on  the  Si&n 

ITose  with  a  view  to  striking  the  ledge,  but  after  It  had  been  run  800  ftet 

ork  upon  It  was  suspended,  as  the  cropplngs  on  the  creek  proved  to  be  In  a 

Ide  which  had  crushed  the  ledge  matter  nearest  the  surface.     Tills  fact, 

had  misled  the  owners  as  to  the  strike  of  the  ledge.     The  proximity  of 

lie  main  ore  body  was  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  the  tunnebcut  seven  or 

rbt  stringers,  from  four  to  eighteen  Inches  wide,  the  lowest  assay  from 

aich  was  922  for  alt  values,   white  an  elghteen-inch  stringer  showed  an 

»;ei»ige  of.  $00  for  all  values.  Including  27  per  cent,  copper.     A  shaft  was*  then 


Hi 


48 


MINING    IN     THE    PACIFIC     NORTH  NVPJST. 


sunk  on  the  mountain  above,  where  the  Btrlnpef  was  supposed  to  run  Into 
the  ledge,  and  the  Junction  was  found  In  a  brotcen  formation.  A  tunnel  was 
Btarted  Immediately  below  this,  and  at  the  end  of  thirty-four  feet  entered  a 
broken  ledg«  of  talc  and  crushed  quartas,  highly  mineralized  with  pyrites  or 
Iron  and  copper,  chalcopyrlte  and  pockets  or  bornlte.  It  was  continued  for 
180  feet  through  this  broken  ledge  matter,  with  frequeoit  large  bodies  of 
chalcopyrlte  ore,  and  then  ran  Into  an  unbroken  ledge  and  continued  alons 
the  wall  for  fifteen  feet.  The  gangue  In  this  ledge  Is  porphynltlc  quartz  con- 
taining patches  of  white  quartz  and  some  calc-spar,  and  Is  fairly  well  miner- 
alized with  iron  pyrites  and  some  chalcopyrlte.  The  depth  now  gained  Is 
■eventy-flve  feet  and  the  tunnel  will  be  continued  along  the  wall,  gaining 
depth  rapidly.  The  general  rnn  of  the  ore  in  this  property  will  well  pay  for 
concentration,  and  much  of  it  is  of  high  enough  grade  to  pay  for  smeltlnK, 
whenever  the  road  is  extended  to  the  mine. 

The  free  milling  quartz  claims  located  by  L.  Lewis  last  year  are  also 
owned  by  Mr.  Townsley  and  hds  as.sociates,  and,  though  no  work  has  yet  been 
done,  the  surface  showing  Is  so  large  and  strong  that  development  may  prove 
them  to  eclipse  the  San  Jose  group  in  value,  with  the  further  advantage  that 
they  are  evidently  in  the  solid  formation.  The  Ophir  and  two  extensions  are 
on  a  ledge,  or  rather  dike,  cropping  in  a  great  bluff  up  the  mountain  side, 
half  a  mile  from  and  parallel  with  the  San  Jose  ledge.  The  rock  is  quarts, 
carrviner  feldspar,  and  In  many  places  highly  crystallized,  and  the  dike  is 
fully  sixty  feet  wide.  Several  pieces  knocked  oft  the  surface  at  various 
points  across  the  ledge  gave  an  assay  of  eighteen  ounces  of  gold  and  seven 
ounces  silver.  The  Stemwinder  aiid  an  extension  are  on  a  similar  ledge, 
cropping  to  a  width  of  at  least  100  feet  In  two  gulches  which  it  crosses,  only 
a  few  hundred  feet  from  the  Ophir  ledge.  Further  up  the  same  mountain  a 
solid  mass  of  the  same  kind  of  ore  is  exposed,  400x200  feet,  on  which  the 
Seattle  is  located.  This  season's  prospecting  on  these  doposits  will  shotr 
the  amount  and  value  of  the  pay  ore  they  carry,  but  they  are  certainly 
promising  prospects. 

The  Christina  ledge,  further  up  Bear  Creek,  below  Bear  Lake,  is  of  good 
width,  as  yet  undetermined,  and  Is  in  a  broken  formation;  but  a  tunnel 
driven  fifteen  feet  on  It  shows  ore  all  the  way,  with  one  wall  of  slate,  from 
which  great  cubes  of  quartz  are  taken.  The  ore  carries  copper  pyrites  and 
go'd,  but,  unlike  the  other  ledges,  contains  no  hornblende.  Assays  show  (6  to 
♦30  Si.'"'  ^°  ^°  20  per  cent,  copper,  one  giving  as  much  as  75  per  cent,  copper. 

The  Bridal  Veil,  owned  by  Sherry  McElroy  and  William  Irving,  has  a 
ledge  cropping  out  under  Bridal  Veil  falls,  two  miles  above  the  May  i!<arhart. 
The  cropplngs  show  oxidized  iron  to  a  width  of  sixty  feet,  and  a  100-foot 
tunnel  on  the  ledge  Is  in  white  quartz  carrying  iron  and  copper  sulphides, 
assaying  from  |6  to  »12  gold  and  silver,  besides  copper.  Below  this  ledge  is 
a  parallel  one,  on  which  the  same  parties  have  the  Oriole.  They  have 
ST*  IJ.^  *",""«•  200  feet  on  a  syenite  wall,  with  ore  the  whole  width,  assaying 
17  to  J15  gold,  and  have  not  cross-cut  to  the  fcotwall. 

„— „.  ^®  **i5  Bridal  Veil  Joseph  Llnz  has  the  Victoria  op  a  four-foot  ledge, 
carnrlng  gold  and  copper  and  assaying  $31  for  all  values. 

«™Z!i®K  *^*  ?'4?"*'^  ''"  *  •*'^^^  ^^'^  ^y  the  river  above  the  Victoria,  Is 
«rr,fir,.?.^//J?''  ^^"^"'■'■2,1  ?„"•'  Michael  Wise.  They  have  about  six  inches 
of  sulphide  ore,  carrying  $38.50  gold  and  copper  on  the  surfade. 

o..,o  *Ovt''°"'®./*'"^'*'-*^  ^y  the  wagon  road  from  North  Bend  would  be  a  good 
2?J?i,  f i^  a  railroad  for  the  pass  over  the  divide  from  the  Snoqualmle  south 
i?,mT«.f  oS^^K  '^^'^f  4^..'°^V  with  a  plateau  of  considerable  width  on  the 
to  nvir^n^l^^^rS!?*^  9.®^*i'"  Lake  the  difficulties  are  not  great,  nor  expensive 
l*t^^^l^^^r.Z^%F°^^'"}'}^  f"  ^"^^^  So""**  Railroad  might  also  be 
nf  tn«  ^^o^  ?^^^^  ?'^*'''  without  great  difficulty,  whenever  the  development 
of  tne  district  promises  enough  traffic  to  offer  an  inducement.  ^'"i'""'"' 


ST   HELENS. 

one^f%h«  Ufl^/'Sil'do*"?  f^^V;'*^*  Is  among  the  foothills  of  Mount  St.  Helens. 
wLwn^rtS^  «*n^^^^^  °,'  **^®  Cascade  Range,  near  the  southern  boundary  of 
S^Snd  mfl^k^'*«?r°'llS''*fK  ^  ^S  ^'■^^  °'  ?*»»"*  l-'^  square  miles  in  the  middle 
Vau^^  I^Aaf^T?^  ^^  *^.t  **""®®  ^««^t  extinct  volcanoes-Mounts  RaiBler. 
^eS^^on  nnrth"n^f12«7^"£?''S**,^^P'°^J'o»  *^^«  n*' "  extended  much  beyood 
i«  h^fht  iK^u  °'  ^°^?J-  ^i-  Helens.  The  route  to  this  district  from  Seattle 
Btaleto  r^^c^^'^^J^ltl  ^^"'•"^d  to  Winlock  Station.  108  miles,  thenc©  by 
stage  to  loledo,  six  miles,  where  parties  outfit  for  the  mountains  From 
Toledo  a  road  runs  up  the  Toutle  River  about  twenty-six  mUMtSthe^n- 

^fut  t°he  nor'?h'"for£"t'!,^*''^'"  '>°'^^.  ^'•°"'  thTs  po'lnt  two  Ms  dlvelS. 
T^t«  L  VL  ar*lr'?'^''  *°  Samson's,  the  other  up  the  middle  fork  via  SpWt 
mnp«  aI^L?!..  ^^'^rn  ^'^""P'  ^H  <»stance  In  each  case  being  about  tlilt^ 
miles.     Another  trail  leads   up  the   Cispus   RlVer  and   Quartz  Creek,     m 


%  . 


ST.  HELENS 

LEWIS.  COWLITZ  and  SKAMAMA  COL'NTIES. 


MAP  MIOWINQ  itOUTi;  TO  MINM 

. 

1     A 

1      W»;.  «« 

^ 

*i^ 

-- 

1    ^ 
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^WT^^:^  ^w^s  j^.'-v'-"w.^ii 


IfXNINa    IN    TBB    PACIFIC    NORTHWB8T. 


opening  up.  of  the  country  is  due  mainly  to  the  proapectore  and  lettlen, 
who  found  It  a  pathless  Jungle. 

There  are  evidences,  however,  that  In  the  M's  California  gold-hunt -)ra  had 
visited  the  region  In  search  of  placer  gold,  and  that  the  Indians  had  dug  out 
the  bright  crysrtals  of  pyrites  from  the  mineral  cropplngs.  About  ten  years 
ago  W.  W.  O  Connor,  of  Toledo,  discovered  placer  gold  on  thd  middle  fork  of 
the  Toutlo  and  worked  It  for  several  years,  but,  despairing  of  securing  means 
of  transportation,  abandoned  his  claims.  In  1889  K.  Ludloft,  of  Toledo,  war. 
sent  up  Into  the  mountains  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Land  De|Mirtmen»  to 
report  on  the  resourcee  of  the  country,  and  on  the  banks  of  the  Nor  '■  Toutle, 
near  the  mouth  of  Devil's  Creek,  found  a  piece  of  gold-bearing  cntver  ore 
hanging  to  a  piece  of  ayendte.  No  attempt  was  made  to  foUcrw  u>.  t'?e  dis- 
covery for  some  time,  but  It  ultimately  induced  a  Mr.  Witt,  of  Orcison,  Veter 
Koontx,  a  hotelkeoper  oi  Toledo,  and  Ed  Burbee,  u  merchant  oi  tliut  tcwn, 
to  go  Into  the  wilderness.  They  returned  for  several  succeeding  years,  but 
kept  silent  about  their  discoveries  until  othevs  had  penetrated  the  district, 
when  they  made  a  number  of  locations.  In  the  meantime  settlement  had 
extended  Into  the  foothills  and  lower  valleys  of  the  North  Toutle.  the  new- 
comers being  mostly  Swedes  and  Oermans,  and  they  cut  tr^Ms  and  opened 
the  way  Into  the  mountains. 

The  credit  of  making  the  mineral  w^ltli  of  the  district  known  to  the 
world  belongn  to  W.  W.  O'Connor,  Botert  Brown  and  A.  Hoofer,  who  went 
up  the  North  Toutle  In  the  spring  of  1892  and  made  several  good  locations 
on  the  main  spurs  of  St.  Helens.  They  were  followed  In  a  few  weeks  by 
Al  Maker,  Mr.  Duffy  and  others,  of  Chehalis.  Some  exoltement  followed  and, 
the  ledgeu  being  of  large  slae  and  carrying  gold,  sliver  and  copper,  extrava- 
gant expectations  were  Indulged  by  those  unfamiliar  with  the  character  of 
the  ore.  When  they  learned  that  it  was  refractory  and  could  not  be  treated 
by  the  crude  processee  applicable  to  free  milling  ore,  enthusiasm  cooled 
somewhat,  but  prospecting  continued  and  proved  the  district  to  abound  In 
copper  ore,  rich  In  gold  and  stiver.  The  prospectors  helped  themselves  before 
seeking  the  aid  of  others,  and  have  enlisted  Eastern  capital  to  some  extent' In 
the  work  of  development,  the  principal  Investments  coming  from  Milwaukee. 

The  country  rock  of  the  higher  altitudes  Is  gneiss  and  schist,  but  in  various 
localities  porphyry  occurs  In  dikes  and  overflows.  The  ore  liodles  are  many 
and  large,  as  shown  by  the  comparatively  little  development  which  has  been 

Judiciously  done,  and  are  equal  to  those  of  any  other  district  in  the  Cascade*, 
["he  mineral  belt  extends  through. all  the  mountain  spurs  of  the  district,  but 
the  ore  of  each  locality  has  its  peculiar  cha,racterlatlcs.    That  of  the  Samson 

froup  differs  from  that  of  nearly  every  other  locality,  while  on  the  upper 
rortn  Toutle  the  ore  Is  in  true  liseure  veins  of  quarts  averaging  about  nv 
feet  In  width  and  carrying  much  Iron  sulphide,  with  frequent  occurrences  o( 
tolack  sulphurets,  and  copper  in  many  combinutions.     This  looalitj,  however, 
has  but  little  development.    The  Stack  l|(punta4n  Belt  has  well-denned  fissure 
veins  carrying  iron  pyrites,  of  which  assays  average  fiiO  gold,  |30  silver. 
.  The  Shovel  Lake  country  has  an  altitude  of  about  3,000  feet  above  the  valley, 
[■crater  lakes  bedng  an  evldenoe  of  great  volcanic  disturbance.     Some  fuM 
I  fissure  veins  have  been  opened,  showing  ore  which  carries  sulphurets  and 
lanagnetlc  iron  and  assays  about  $70  gold,  silver  and  copper.    The  Spirit  Lake 
TBelt  ...  in  a  formation  which  gives  evidence  of  great  volcanic  action.     V^ry 
(limited  development  has  shown  bodies  of  ore  carrying  arseno-pyrlte,   iron 
pyrlites  and  4n  some  ledtses  copper  pyrites,  all  bearing  gold.    On  Mining  Creelc, 
Rrhere  the  first  discoveries  were  made,  development  has  in  every  instance 
ihown  marked  improvement  in  the  ore,  which  carries  copper,  gold  and  silver, 
1th  copper  predominating,  and  some  galena,  assays  ranging  from  $2  to 
"  gold. 

The  Samson  group  comprises  eighteen  daims  and  one  tunnel  site  on  the 

j>per  North  Tovtle,  near  LudlofC's  Pass,  on  the  south  slope  of  the  Opat 

fountain  Range.     The  whole  mountain,  about  3,600  feet  high,  is  mineralised 

rith  pyrites.     On  the  Samson  is  a  deposit  so  large  that  X8,000  expended  In 

levelopment  has  not  yet  denned  its  extent.     A  tunnel  has  been  run  190  feet, 

cross-cut  103  feeit  and  a  shaft  sunk  thirty-seven  feet  at  the  bottom  of  a 

ilch,  which  is  100  feet  deep.     This  shows  a  mass  of  talcose  matter  carrying 

on  and  copper  pyrites,  gray  copper,  traces  of  galena  and  native  copper. 

Bsays  of  which  run  as  high  as  |10  gold,  several  dollars  silver,  $60  copper. 

new  tunnel  has  been  started  at  greater  depth.     In  one  of  the  quartaMta 

.dges  were  found  pockets  six  feet  high,  four  feet  wide  and  eight  feet  deep, 

ined  thickly  with  cubes  of  Iron  pyrites,  quite  regular  and  often  as  large  as  a 

dan's  hand.     The  discovery  was  made  in  a  guloh,   and  at  the  foot  of  the 

ountaln  the  decomposed  ore,  mixed  With  pulveti'',ed  pumice  stone  and  sand, 

18  been  f'eposited  to  a  depth  of  twenty  feet.     This  deposit  assays  34  to  $8 

Did  and  lb  held  as  placer  ground. 

The  Golconda  group,  southeaitft  of  the  Samson,  Includes  two  claims  and  a 
innel  site,  covering  a  body  of  ore  in  talcose  slate  and  quartzite,  of  which 
psays  run  as  high  as  $30  gold.     A  sixty-foot  cross-i-ut  shows  ore  the  whole 
'  inoe  tfin^ar  to  iSa'  SiuSibii, 

ihe  Sweden  and  Norwur  ^oup,  oomptlslng  four  claims  on  the  northeast 
r  Of  Spirit  Lake,  are  iHi  OVe  Assure  teins  wit%  wMl-deflned  walls.    A  thirty- 


p^ar^.ii^  "M-f'.fT" 


60 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


foot  tunnel  showed  rich  copper  ore  carrying  $5  gold,  and  the  ore  shows  con- 
tinuous improvement.  Some  fifteen  test  pits  around  the  lake  show  good  ore. 
On  the  divide  between  the  heads  of  the  North  Toutle  and  Le  vis  Rivers 
veins  of  free  milling  gold  quartz  were  discovered  last  fall,  one  of  them  con- 
taining red  ore  similar  to  that  of  Cripple  Creek. 

The  St.  Helens  Gold  Mining  Company,  of  Milwaukee,  owns  two  groups  of 
claims  on  Mining  Creek,  on  which  It  has  established  a  camp  and  done  a  large 
amount  of  prospecting,  preliminary  to  vigorous  work  this  season.  The  Minnie 
Alice  lode  embraces  four  well-deflned  veins  between  syenite  walls,  all  pointing 
to  one  center,  which  will  be  reached  by  a  300-foot  tunnel  at  a  depth  of  100  feet. 
A  tunnel  tot  this  purpose  has  been  run  forty  feet.  Each  of  these  veins  has 
its  distinctive  characteristics.  One  has  quartz  gangue  carrying  much  copper 
and  iron  oxides,  and  some  copper  and  Iroi.  pyrites;  another  la  much  decom- 
posed and  stained  with  copper  and  iron;  another  has  heavy  spar  gangue 
carrying  argentiferous  galena. 

A  mile  further  up  Mining  Creek  this  company  owns  the  Athens  group  of 
ten  claims,  on  each  of  which  prospecting  has  been  done.  On  the  Copper 
Bottom  a  timnel  has  been  started  and  a  shaft  sunk  eleven  feet,  showing  very 
fine  copper  ore  carrying  gold,  silver  and  some  lead.  On  the  Bumble  Bee  a 
twenty-foot  shaft  shows  a  well-doflned  fissure  vein  four  and  one-half  feet 
wide,  with  eight  and  ten  inch  pay  streaks  carrying  copper,  galena,  much 
iron  pyrites  and  some  blende.  Jn  the  Wisconsin  a.  shaft  is  down  six  feet, 
showing  three  feet  of  iron  pyrites  and  arseno-pyrlte.  A  twelve-foot  shaft 
on  the  Snowfiake  shows  three  and  one-half  feet  of  ore  carrying  galena  and 
some  blende.  A  four-foot  ledge  on  the  i'uck  Hornet  carries  iron  and  copper 
pyrites.  All  these  claims  will  probably  bf  (!cJveloped  by  a  tunnel  about  2,000 
feet  long,  which  would  tap  the  main  group  at  a  depth  of  600  feet  and  from 
that  point  would  gain  foot  for  foot  In  depth. 

Near  the  head  of  the  Norch  Toutle,  live  miles  south  of  the  Samson,  A. 
Hoofer,  T.  W.  Shultz  alid  Victor  Carlson  have  the  Chicago,  on  which  a 
twenty-foot  open  cut  shows  a  ledge  twelve  to  fourteen  feet  wide  between 
syenite  walls  with  six  to  seven  feet  of  solid  copper  ore,  native  copper  showing 
in  bunches  throughout. 

The  Mountain  Fairy,  owned  by  the  Bennett  sisters;  the  Mary,  Jackpot, 
Royal  Flush,  Tran.svaal  and  Mount  Hood,  are  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Chicago 
and  are  nearly  all  of  the  same  character.  These  ctalms  are  mostly  new 
discoveries,  with  little  development,  but  the  Mountain  Fairy  shows  a  fine 
body  of  ore. 

The  Toledo  group  consists  of  six  claims,  owned  by  Charles  and  Joseph 
Schmand,  E.  C.  Weiler  and  J.  H.  Spanglor,  on  the  North  Toutle  five  miles 
west  of  Camp  Samson.  On  the  Toledo  tunnels  sixty  and  twelve  feet  long 
show  a  five-foot  ledge  carrying  iron  and  copper  pyrites.  A  tunnel  on  the 
Bonanza  shows  a  Iwlge  averagings,  two  feet,  with  eight  Inches  of  galena  and 
iron  pyrites.  On  the  Carbonate  a  cross-cut  tunnel  has  been  started  to  tap 
the  ledge  at  a  depth  of  120  feet.  The  Last  Hope  shows  a  body  of  pyritic  ore 
about  100  feet  wide,  carrying  some  copper,  on  which  a  tunnel  is  in  twelve  feet 
On  the  Cinnabar  a  shaft  is  down  twelve  .'cet  on  similar  ore.  but  the  width 
of  the  ledge  Is  not  defined.  A  sixty-foot  tunnel  on  the  Star  shows  two  feet 
of  ore. 

On  Grizzly  Creek,  two  miles  south  of  Camp  Samson,  is  the  Grizzly,  owned 
by  J.  W.  and  Gertie  Shultz.  A  twenty-foot  tunnel  shows  a  well-deuued  ledge 
of  heavily  mineralized  quartz  six  to  seven  feet  wide. 

Messrs.  Koontz,  Witt  and  Burbee  have  sunk  a  shaft  thirty-six  feet  on  the 
Crystal  and  done  considerable  work  on  the  Black  Falls,  showing  good  bodies 
of  copper  ore. 

The  Polar  Star,  owned  by  W.  Gray,  Thomas  Gray  and  James  Pyron,  Is  one 
of  the  best  copper  properties,  assaying  as  high  as  $30  and  $40  in  gold  alone. 
Frank  Thorne  and  James  Pyron  have  fine  prospects  on  the  Cross  Lode  and 
Kentucky  Belle,  assays  running  about  $55  silver.  Many  other  prospects  have 
good  surface  showings. 

The  district  is  now  comparatively  accessible  through  the  opening  of  about 
150  miles  of  pony  trail  with  easy  grade,  Including  the  three  main  trails  already 
described.  Two  packtrains  are  running  regularly,  one  up  the  North  Toutle 
the  other  up  the  Olspus  and  Quartz  Creek.  The  development  of  this  district 
will  ere  long  justify  the  construction  of  a  branch  railroad,  which  would  also 
draw  much  traffic  from  the  opening  of  the  coal  fields  in  the  foothills. 


3Z 

> 

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L30 

H 

WHITE   HORSE. 

The  whole  watershed  of  the  north  fork  of  the  Stillaguamlsh  River,  cover- 
ing a  strip  from  Arlington,  at  the  confluence  of  the  fork^  of  that  atr^jn 
including  Whit  3  Horse  Mountain,  on  whicHhe  north  fork  has  fta  mS^S! 
and  extending  oyer  to  the  Sauk  River  near  Darrlngton  Is  comDrlBwl  within 
an  unorganized  district.     Like  the  adjoining  dlstrictf  on  the  non*h  and  SuthI 


tMI     P*Clt-'ii    NOflTHWSIT 


MIJtlKrO   IK   THfi  PACIT'.    KOftl^BWflflT. 


tt  has  granite  and  porphyry  as  the  country  rock,  with  frequent  belts  of  slatK 
this  formation  bring  cut  by  numerous  ledges  of  iron  and  copper  pyrlteS'  an« 
arsenical  Iron,  of  grewt  strength  and  traceable  over  the  mountains  for  great 
distances.  One  of  these  ledges,  forming  the  backbone  of  White  Horse  Mount- 
ain, Is  fully  100  feet  wide  and  is  richly  mineralised  with  copper  pyrites,  and 
on  Oold  Mountain,  near  Darrington,  a  dike  of  cinnabar  carrying  quicksllvei* 
has  recently  been  discovered.  These  properties  are  generally  in  the  bands 
of  the  original  locators  and  only  a  limited  amount  of  development  has  been 
done  on  them,  but  It  has  usually  made  good  showings,  sufficient  to  warrant 
further  exploration  of  the  ore  bodies. 

The  White  Horse  District  is  easily  accessible  from  Seattle.  The  outfitting 
point  is  Arlington,  on  the  Seattle  &  International  Ra;Ilroad,  sixty  miles  froni 
Seattle.  Thence  a  county  rua/d  leads  up  the  north  fork  to  the  headwaters 
and  oyer  the  ridge  to  Darrington,  a  distance  of  twenty-eight  miles  f  another 
road  leads  down  the  Sauk  to  Sauk  City  at  its  mouth,  twenty-six  miles,  and 
another  up  that  river  to  Monte  Cristo,  at  the  head  of  ite  south  fork,  twenty- 
seven  miles.  Thus  the  district  is  quite  accessible  from  several  directions, 
and  the  Sauk  City  road  is  a  good  one,  teams  having  hauled  3,300  poundo  over  ii;. 
It  is  also  within  easy  reach  of  a  smelter,  Arlington  being  only  thirty»foar 
miles  distant  by  rail  from  Everett  and  lOfiT  miles  from  Ta^oma. 

This  mineral  belt  begins  about  four  miles  east  of  Arlln:^ton.  As  was  th"? 
case  with  most  mining  districts  in  the  Cascades,  the  *'..st  prospecting  was 
done  for  placer  gold,  borne  pay  dirt  was  found  in  clay  benches  and  bar» 
along  Deer  Creek,  which  enters  the  north  fork  from  t'le  north  about  twelve 
miles  east  of  Arlington,  and  an  attempt  was  made  to  reduce  it  to  a  condition 
for  washing,  but  the  process  was  too  slow  and  the  attempt  was  abandoned* 
as  cradle  rocking  and  sluicing  were  out  of  the  question. 

The  pretence  of  float  in  the  Stillaguamlsh  first  led  to  prospecting  fof 
quartz  ledges  six  years  ago,  when  the  Welman,  on  White  Horse  Mountain, 
was  discovered  by  Charles  Welman  and  "Victor  Thorp.  It  has  a  fourteen-inch 
ledge  of  sulphurets  carrying  $94  gold.  Aroused  by  this  discovery,  the  pros- 
pectors pushed  their  explorations,  and  the  Schloman  ledge,  carrying  threes 
feet  of  iron  and  copper  sulphides,  was  located  in  1892.  A  twenty-seven  foot: 
tunnel  on  this  ledge  has  showrt  ore  assaying  $27.70  gold,  $9.80  silver,  and  a.. 
mill  test  showed  $17.75  gold,  $7  silver,  $5.60  copper,  a  total  of  $30.35. 

Meanwhile  Charles  Burns,  Knute  Neste  and  Sorcn  Bergersen  had  in  May^. 
1890,  .made  a  number  of  discoveries  on  Jumbo  Mountain.  The  country  roolc 
is  here  syenite  and  quartzite  cut  by  serpentine  dikes.  The  two  Hunter  ctalmis 
are  on  a  true  fissure  ledge  running  a  little  south  of  east  and  north  of  west^ 
three  feet  wide  and  having  on  the  walls  a  nine-inch  pay  streak  of  sulphld4 
ore  carrying  gold  and  silver  near  the  summit.  A  thirty-foot  tunnel  l.SOO  feet 
below  the  summit  shows  galena,  gold  and  silver,  assaying  $20  gold,  8  to  4V 
ounces  sliver,  10  per  cent,  copper  and  4  per  cent.  lead.  The  White  Qender 
ledge,  which  Is  considered  the  best  on  this  mountain,  and  on  which  Ai  Hi 
Andrews,  of  Toledo,  Ohio,  has  two  claims,  carries  three  feet  of  solid'  o«Mi 
arsenical  iron  and  copper  pyrites  carrying  gold  and  silver.  Three  claims  oil 
two  parallel  ledges  complete  this  group.  On  the  Pelican  ledge  a  twelve-foot 
tunnel  shows  twelve  inches  of  white  arsenical  iron  carrying  $12  gold.  On  the 
Kejrwlnder  a  seventy-five  foot  tunnel  1,500  feet  below  the  summi/t  shows  thre« 
feet  of  quartz  carrying  copper  sulphides  with  gold  and  sliver.  A  ten-foot 
tunnel  on  the  Courtney  shows  a  three-foot  ledge  carrying  $8,50  gold,  14  per 
cent,  copper,  15  ounces  silver  and  4  per  cent.  lead.  On  the  Mttnley  a  130-foot 
tunnel  800  feet  below  the  summit  shows  a  thirty-six  inch  streak  of  copper 
pyrites  carrying  $8  gold,  though  copper  is  the  predominant  value.  A  tunnel 
has  been  started  600  feet  lower,  showing  the  same  width  of  ore  between'  yfteHU 
defined  walls  of  quartzite.  , 

What  appears  to  be  the  mother  lode  of  White  Horse  Mountain  wa»  dta- 
covered  by  Charles  Burns  in  July,  1895,  and  is  covered  by  the  Hannah  group,  of 
five  claims,  owned  by  Albert  H.  Andrews,  of  Ohio,  Knute  Neste  and  SbreA 
Bergersen.  It  cuts  the  granite  formation  for  over  two  miles,  for  ^HOMft 
distance  it  can  be  traced  to  the  almost  uniform  width  of  three  feet,  as  apjlBkirs 
whenever  openings  have  ben  made  on  it.  For  the  whole  width  It  is  solVj  oi«b, 
assaying  $19.85  gold,  41  ounces  silver,  30  per  cent,  copper.  Adjoining  the 
Hannah  ledge  on  the  east  is  the  Highland  group  of  five  claims,  owa«|t.  by 
Messrs.  Andrews  and  Neste,  showing  eighteen  inches  of  similar  ore,  etdJWfl^ng 
$20  gold,  16  to  40  ounces  silver,  18  per  cent,  copper.  The  Jesse  shows  nine  to 
eighteen  inches  of  pay  ore  carrying  the  same  minerals. 

In  the  Buckeye  ledge,  extending  through  two  claims,  Messrs.  Tvete  and 
Johnson,  of  Arlington,  Knute  Neste  and  A.  H.  Andrews  have  a  small  pay 
streak  on  the  surface  and  in  a  nine-foot  tunnel  on  the  Buckeye  Bai^n  2,500  feet 
below  the  summit,  where  silver  is  the  predominating  vaiUe. 

The  Qreen  Crown  ledge  runs  north  and  south  through  ttro  clalnUt  and 
forms  the  backbone  of  White  Horse  Mountain.  It  Is  about  100  feet  WldeTwith 
nnmerous  stringers  of  blackish  quartz  about  ten  inches  thick,  and  is  8ot:?nS 
In  copper  pyrites  that  a  blowpipe  test  leaves  a  button  of  purS  oopi 
flourtk;  the  siae  of  the  original  piece  of  ore.  Assays  run  about  ' 
SiMtuuMs  Bilv«r,  2<  to  4B  per  cent,  copper. 

The  meat  recent  vai««bl«  discovery  in  this  district  was  made  in.  July,  UgKt 


lie 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWHST. 


by  Charles  -Burns  on  Gold  Mountain,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Sauk  River, 
within  half  a  mile  of  Darrlngton  Postoffice.  All  the  claims  on  this  mountain 
are  owned  by  Mr.  Andrews,  with  the  exception  of  two. 

There  are  three  main  groups  on  this  mountain,  chief  among  them  being 
the  Gold  Mountain  group  of  eight  claims.  Three  of  these  are  on  the  Burns 
ledge,  which  is  readily  traceable  over  the  summit  and  down  the  east  side, 
showing  four  feet  of  ore  carrying  $26.65  gold,  8  ounces  silver,  18  per  cent, 
copper.  On  the  Moline  ledge  are  three  claims,  which  have  an  eighteen-inch 
streak  of  chalcopyrite  carrying  |18  to  $36  gold,  14  ounces  silver,  32  per  cent, 
copper.  The  two  other  claims  in  this  group  are  on  a  ledge  showing  three  feet 
of  gray  copper  ore  which  carries  $20  gold  and  a  trace  of  silver.  The  mineral 
has  broken  through  the  capping  In  many  places  on  all  these  ledges  and  crops 
for  several  hundred  feet.  The  side  of  the  mountain  is  covered  with  float, 
some  pieftes  weighing  a  ton  or  more. 

The  Myrtle  C.  group  consists  of  nine  claims  on  seven  parallel  ledges. 
Three  claims  are  on  a  ledge  showing  a  nine-inch  pay  streak  of  gray  copper 
ore  on  the  surface,  an  assay  of  which  ran  $20  gold,  26  per  cent,  copper,  a  trace 
of  silver.  Another  string  of  three  has  a  twelve-inch  streak  of  copper  pyrites 
carrying  $26  gold,  18  per  cent,  copper.  The  other  three  claims  have  a  three- 
foot  vein  of  gray  copper  ore  on  the  north  line;  a  six-foot  ledge  of  solid 
chalcopyrite  carrying  $18  gold,  18  ounces  silver,  30  per  cent,  copper,  lies 
aeVenity-Hve  feet  to  the  southward;  a  ledge  carrying  ninfe  Inches  to  three  feet 
of  gray  copper  ore  runs  along  the  center  of  the  string  of  claims.  On  the  south 
side  of  these  claims  are  two  other  ledges  of  gray  copper  ore,  each  carrying  a 
three-foot  pay  streak,  beside  which  there  are  bodies  of  reddish  quartz  ten 
to  twelve  feet  wide,  carrying  $8  to  $12  gold.  On  the  north  of  some  of  the  pay 
streaks  is  a  body  of  cinnabar,  heavily  charged  with  quicksilver,  and  showing 
tree  gold  to  the  naked  eye.  Assays  on  the  whole  group  range  from  $8  to  $26 
gold,  8  to  41  ounces  silver,  18  to  32  per  cent  copper. 

The  Justin  group  of  three  claims  is  on  the  southeast  side  of  the  mountain 
and  has  a  ledge  showing  twelve  feet  of  red  iron  capping  2,000  feet  down  the 
side  and  three  feet  of  gray  copper  ore  at  the  summit,  carrying  about  the 
same  value  as  the  other  groups.  O'l  the  Forest  Hope  ledge,  where  Stacy  B. 
Emens  owns  two  and  Mr.  Andrews  one  claim,  there  is  eight  feet  of  ore  crop- 
ping for  1,000  feet.  About  500  feet  bolow  the  summit  it  splits  Into  three  ledges, 
four,  five  and  six  feet  wide  respectively.  About  twenty  assays  have  been 
made,  ranging  from  $6  to  $36  gold,  8  to  41  ounces  sliver,  10  to  18  per  cent,  copper. 
On  the  north  wall  of  this  streak  of  mineral  lies  a  dike  of  cinnabar  from  which, 
it  Is  said,  one  can  break  a  piece  and,  holding  one's  hand  under  it,  can  caich 
enough  quicksilver  to  till  the  palm.  The  ledge  has  be>en  prospected  by  nature 
ao  thoroughly  that  a  small  amount  of  labor  would  give  vast  bodies  of  Ore 
in  sight. 

Gold  Mountain  has  one  peculiarity  which  gives  it  a  great  advantage  for 
mining  purposes,  in  that  it  faces  towards  the  southwest  and  thus  catches  the 
full  force  of  the  warm  ocean  winds  from  that  direction.  This  melts  the  snow 
from  its  whole  slope  as  early  as  from  the  valleys  and  prevents  such  a  depth 
of  »now  a*=  will  interfere  with  traffic  or  mining  operations. 


THE   SKAOIT    GOFFEB    EELT. 


Oae 


le  of  the  most  notable  discoveries  of  the  past  year  was  that  the  greait 
gold-bearing  belt  of  copiier  ore,  which  is  being  worked  in  the  Coast  district  of 
British  Columbia  on  the  north  and  in  the  SUverton,  Sultan,  Index,  Money 
Creek  and  Cedar  River  Districts  on  the  south,  crops  out  in  the  foothills  of  the 
Cascade  Range  for  miles  along  the  Skagit  River.  The  presence  of  the  capping 
of  magnetic  iron  has  been  known  for  years  and  has  led  to  the  erroneous 
Impression  that  this  mineral  ran  down  into  the  earth,  but  only  recently  has 
it  been  proved  that  it  was  merely  ine  capping  of  the  copper  ores  similar  In 
character  to  those  of  Trail  Creek,  Boundary  Creek,  the  Kettle  River  District 
of  the  Colville  Itesorvation,  the  SUverton,  Sultan,  Index  and  other  districts 
west  Of  the  Cascade  summit. 

ThlB  district  has  the  advantage  of  being  eTisily  accessible  and  of  having 
the  mineral  depo.slts  at  so  low  an  elevation  that  snow  rarely  lies  any  length 
of  time  and  worli  can  be  continued  without  difficulty  the  year  round.  The 
Iirinriijal  discoveries  are  on  what  Is  known  as  Iron  Mountain,  on  the  south 
bank  of  the  Skagit  River,  opilosite  the  town  of  Hamilton,  but  prospecting 
h  3  rapidly  traced  the  belt,  even  in  midwinter,  along  the  foothills  to  Marble 
Mount  and  up  the  S.iuk  River.  Hamilton  is  the  eastern  terminus  of  the 
Seattle  &  Northern  Railroad,  nnd  is  distant  only  ninety-four  miles  by  that 
road,  and  the  Seattle  &  In.drnatlonal  road  from  Seattle,  while  the  former  road 
extiends  to  tide  water  at  Anacortes,  thirty-four  miles  west,  and  the  latter 
connects  with  the  Everett  &  Monte  Crlsto  Railroad  at  Snohomish.  Thus  a 
haul  of  slxty-efght  miles  would  take  the  ore  to  the  smelter  at  Kverett,  and 
135  miles  to  that  at  TacQma.  The  Skagit  River  Is  navigable  for  good-sized 
.steamers  as  far  as  Hamilton,  and  for  light-draft  steamers  as  far  as  Portage, 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


33 


forty-two  miles  further  and  eight  miles  above  Marble  Mount.  The  ore  from 
Iron  Mountain  could  be  dumped  almost  from  the  mines  on  board  steamers, 
which  would  take  it  by  water  to  the  smelter  at  very  low  rates.  With  both 
fallroad  and  steamer  transportation  at  its  doors,  the  district  has  every 
opportunity  of  rapid  development. 

Iron  Mountain,  the  scene  of  the  principal  discoveries,  is  also  the  scene  of 
the  most  active  developmemt.  It  is  the  easterly  one  of  two  rounded  peaks 
rising  2,500  feet  above  the  river  and  2,800  feet  above  the  sea,  almost  directly 
from  the  south  bank  of  the  Skagit,  opposite  Hamilton,  Cumberland  Creek 
nowing  between  them.  The  more  westely  of  the  two  peaks  Is  known  as  Coal 
Mountain,  its  geological  formation  being  entirely  different  from  that  of  Iron 
Mountain.  It  is  of  sandstone  and  contains  numerous  veins  of  coal,  henoe  its 
name.  Iron  Mountain  and  the  country  six  miles  eastward,  as  far  as  Birds- 
view,  is  formed  of  schist  and  dlorltj,  which  Is  cut  off  near  the  latter  place  by 
the  granitic  rocks  of  which  the  main  trunk  of  the  Cascade  Range  Is  built. 
This  belt  Is  cut  by  ledges  of  copper  pyrites,  carrying  gold  and  a  little  silver,  in 
a  coursp  ""i  degrees  south  of  east  and  north  of  west,  with  a  dip  to  the  south- 
west. 

Th  J  first  mineral  was  discovered  on  Iron  Mountain  in  1881  by  J.  J.  Connor, 
whose  attention  was  concentrated  on  iron  ore.  He  found  magnetic  iron  on 
the  surface  of  the  Mabel  claim  and  brought  it  to  Seattle  to  be  tested.  He 
obtained  a  button  so  thickly  coated  with  copper  that  he  at  first  thought  it 
was  entirely  composed  of  that  metal.  He  then  had  assays  made  which  showed 
the  ore  to  carry  4.80  per  cent,  copper,  35  per  cent,  magnetic  iron,  4%  ounces 
silver  and  a  trace  of  gold.  Considering  the  ore  of  too  low  grade  to  work  for 
gold,  silver  and  copi^er,  and  having  his  mind  fastened  on  iron,  he  continued 
his  explorations  in  search  of  richer  iron  ore.  He  discovered  the  Tanoma  ledge 
in  1887  and  shipped  twenty  tons  from  the  surface  to  the  Irondale  smelter,  lear 
Port  Townsend,  but  in  the  course  of  his  mining  he  again  struck  iron  and 
copper  sulphides  carrying  gold.  Still  bent  upon  having  an  iron  mine,  he 
avoided  this  point  also  in  his  search  for  mineral. 

Others  made  the  same  mistake,  for  W.  D.  O'Toole,  now  register  of  the 
United  States  Land  Office  at  Seattle,  patented  seven  claims  in  the  same 
vicinity.  L.  F.  Menage,  of  Minneapolis,  obtained  patents  to  900  acres,  organ- 
ized the  Puget  Sound  Iron  Company,  and  in  1890  and  1891  spent  a  large  amount 
of  money  on  surface  prospecting,  but  only  gained  slight  depth.  Thus  the 
true  nature  of  the  mineral  remained  a  mystery,  for  Mr.  Menage  failed  in  the 
panic  of  1893  and  his  operations  on  Puget  Sound  came  to  an  end.  These 
deposits  of  magnetic  iron  were  the  subject  of  frequent  comment  and  gave 
ri.se  to  the  belief  that  they  might  be  made  the  basis  of  a  great  Iron  and  steel 
Industry  on  Puget  Sound. 

These  discoveries  long  ante-dated  the  similar  discoveries  In  the  Trail  and 
Boundary  Creek  Districts  of  British  Columbia,  but  It  remained  for  the  latter 
districts,  through  the  pluck  and  persistence  of  a  coterie  of  Spokane  lawyer.s, 
to  prove  the  wealth  concealed  beneath  the  capping.  Mining  experts  have 
examined  the  Skagit  deposits  and  made  learned  reports  on  them  as  iron 
deposits.  Other  experts  examined  the  capping  of  magnetic  and  oxidized  iron 
on  the  ledges  of  Trail  Creek  and  declared  them  worthless  as  gold  mines. 
Development  has  proved  them  to  have  been  wrong  in  both  cases  and  they 
•  .tve  since  been  occupied  in  revising  their  opinions  to  fit  the  newly  discovered 

ri:e  credit  of  the  discovery  of  the  true  nature  of  the  Skagit  mineral  belt 
hrM.>r's:s  to  E.  C.  Strong,  a  miner  of  long  experience  in  Colorado,  who  now 
resiiiofc  tl  Hamilton.  In  October,  1896,  he  visited  anotner  supposed  iron  deposit 
in  the  Cleveland  group,  on  Mount  Cleveland,  Money  Creek  District,  and  found 
that  In  prospecting  those  claims  Peter  Cysen  had  uncovered  a  clearly  defined 
ledge  of  Iron  and  copper  pyrites  on  the  side  of  the  mountain.  He  examined 
the  capping  and  found  It  similar  to  that  of  the  Skagit  ledges.  On  his  return 
to  Hamilton  he  questioned  Mr.  Connor  on  the  subject  of  indications  of  copper 
and  the  Information  he  thus  obtained  confirmed  his  opinion.  Further  con- 
flrmation  was  furnished  by  an  examination  of  the  croppings  and  he  then 
prospected  systematically  for  copper  signs.  He  sank  a  shaft  by  contract  wlih 
the  owners  of  the  Everett  claim  and  at  slight  depth  ran  through  the  magnetic 
iron  into  copper  sulphides,  thus  proving  finally  the  correctness  of  his  theory 
that  the  magnetic  Iron  was  merely  a  capping.  Assays  have  since  proved 
that  the  ore  is  valuable  for  gold,  silver  and  copper.  The  highest  obtained 
from  the  surface  was  20  per  cent,  copper,  %  ounce  gold,  b  ounces  silver,  the 
aggregate  value  being  $44. 

The  news  of  this  discovery  caused  a  general  renewal  of  activity  and 
attracted  numbers  of  prospectors,  who  have  traced  the  copper  belt  along  the 
Skagit  foothills  beyond  Marble  Mount  and  southeast  for  fifteen  miles  up  the 
Sauk  Valley,  fully  150  new  locations  having  been  made.  After  vears  of 
neglect,  the  district  is  at  last  in  a  fair  way  to  be  developed  and  the  prospect 
is  that  several  camps  will  be  opened  this  spring. 

Iron  Mountain,  the  scene  of  the  discovery,  is  votned  throughout  with  sreat 
ledges  of  the  character  already  described,  rarg;ing  In  width  frotn  e:»ilit  ta 
thirty  feet,  with  chutes  of  ore  ranging  from  100  \o  300  feet  long.    The  Evt  let' 
on  which  Mr.  Strong  made  his  notable  discovery,  is  owned  by  W.  M.  Mt.^ck- 
intosh  and  Dr.  Q.  B.  McCulloch,  and  has  a  ten-foot  ledge  on  which  the  snart 


M 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


is  just  beg'lnni'nc  to  show  the  change  from  magnetic  Iron  to  copper  pyritM. 

The  most  vigorous  development  Is  In  progress  on  the  Hamilton  group  of 
five  claims,  owned  by  tho  Hamilton  Copper  and  Gold  Mining  Company.  Four 
of  these  claims  are  on  one  ledge  varying  from  eight  to  thirty  feet  in  width, 
while  the  fifth  shows  croppings  six  feet  wide.  Six  men  are  sinkii\g  a  ahktt 
on  an  ore  chute  in  the  main  ledge,  and  at  a  depth  of  ten  feet  took  out  ore 
aBsaying  from  $18  to  $44  for  all  values,  including  7  to  20  per  cent,  copper. 
At  this  writing  the  shaft  is  down  twenty-flv©  feet  and  the  ore  carries  coKPer 
pyrites,  with  chalcopyrite  coming  in. 

On  the  same  mountain  J.  J.  Conner  and  E.  C.  Strong  have  the  Last  Chance 
ajid  Star  on  a  parallel  ledge  with  the  Everett  and  an  extension  on  that  le44;e, 
and  Mr.  Conner,  H.  S.  Conner  and  Judge  Henry  McBride  have  the  Tacona 
and  Scottish  Chief  on  a  third  ledge,  on  which  they  are  sinking  a  shaft.  The 
Little  Pittsburg  group  of  three  claime,  owned  by  W.  H.  Hainsworth  and 
Pnmuel  Thompson,  is  on  a  ledge  varying  from  eight  to  twelve  feet,  and  seveml 
open  cuts  have  been  made  through  the  capping  and  shown  copper  ore  carrying 
firold  and  silver. 

The  O'Toole  group  of  seven  claims,  which  has  been  patented  by  Reerister 
W.  D.  O'Toole  of  the  Land  Oftice  as  Iron  property,  lies  mostly  on  one  ledgre 
along  Marietta  Creek,  two  and  one-half  miles  southeast  of  Hamilton,  and  the 
ledge  will  be  croas-cut  by  a  tunnel  which  has  now  penetrated  between  fifty 
and  sixty  feet. 

Six  miles  further  up  the  south  side  of  the  Skagit,  above  Old  Birdsvlew, 
David  Kellogg  and  others,  of  Seattle,  have  fourteen  claims  on  a  series  of 
ledges  from  five  to  twenty-five  feet  wide  on  the  surface,  which  they  have 
traced  from  the  river  to  the  summit  of  the  mountain,  in  every  case  showing 
copper  stains  and  in  some  places  streaks  of  chalcopyrite.  In  the  bed  of  a 
oreek  near  Birdsvlew  Mr.  Kellogg  found  pieces  of  float  in  which  chalcopyrite 
and  galena  were  mixed.  In  the  same  vicinity  Messrs.  Thompson  and  Fitz- 
gerald have  seven  claims  and  Harry  Tappan  has  three. 

The  recent  influx  of  prospectors  has  traced  the  same  belt  onward  beyond 
Marble  Mount.  A.  Von  Pressentin  has  four  claims  near  Sauk  City,  twenty- 
four  miles  above  Hamilton,  and  on  the  foothills  north  of  Marble  Mount,  ten 
■ailes  further  up,  E.  C.  Strong,  William  Perry,  of  Anacortes,  F.  S.  Backus,  of 
Hamilton,  and  John  Russner,  of  Marble  Mount,  have  begun  work  on  a  group 
of  eight  claims,  with  ledges  cropping  eight  to  fifteen  feet  wide. 

On  Dispasi  Creek,  which  runs  into  the  Skagit  five  miles  above  Marble 
Mount,  C.  H.  Landers,  A.  E.  Hardy  and  John  Siegfried  have  during  February 
located  six  c'lalms  on  a  Jedge  of  quartz  carrying  copper  and  gold,  with  some 
.Indications  of  nickel.  f     o      rr  »  -^ 


THE    CASCADE. 


Among  the  earllesi  mineral  discoveries  In  the  Cascade  Range   was  the 

faiena  district  at  the  head  of  the  Cascade  River,  one  of  the  headwaters  of  the 
kagit.  Tradition  dates  It  back  to  one  of  a  party  of  soldiers,  who  were  cominsr 
across  the  summit  from  Port  Colville  to  Fort  Vancouver,  about  twenty  years 
i§°'  ct'v.^  ""^^  found  a  piece  of  rich  float  and  afterwards  returned  and  located 
the  Soldier  Boy  claim.  But  it  was  not  till  many  years  later  that  the  dis- 
coveries occurred  which  led  to  the  Inrush  of  prospectors,  for  the  district  was 
then  almost  inaccessible,  and  only  4n  the  early  90's  were  trails  made  from  the 
east  and  west  to  open  it  to  packhorses. 

i?'**®^®^^'^?  '^^i'  routes  into  the  district.  One  is  by  the  Seattle  &  Inter- 
national  Railroad  to  Woolley,  eighty  miles,  thence  by  the  Seattle  &  Northern 
Kallroad  to  Hamilton,  fourteen  miles;  thence  by  wagon  road  to  Marble  Mount, 
thirty-four  miles;  thence  by  road  six  miles,  and  by  trail  twenty-four  miles, 
«■  *"!  Cascade  Pass.  From  the  east  the  district  may  be  reached  from 
Wenatchee,  on  the  Great  Northern  Railroad,  by  the  steamer  City  of  Ellens- 
^l^hl?f  l^t^^^^^^}]^  Landing,  forty  miles,  and  stage  to  Chelan,  two  and 
?!?nJ!«io„  iif^i.®"^  *J^^  steamer  to  Chelan  Falls,  thirty-nine  miles,  and  sta,ge 
iffie^Ch^eYal.!^^^^^^^^^^^ 

]^a%l^a%*o^ll'"danc1otl'hfrVLML^"'^  °-'-  "^  «*-*«^-"  *°  **>«  C-^**- 
I.  n^rfh?„°a"t"nn*;?\l"  fl?'^  district  are  formed  of  granite,  of  which  the  direction 
IL^^  !iS^^L^  ^"^  southwest,  and  are  cut  in  the  same  course  by  true  fissure 
i?2^?^  '''aI"^'^**.^*'^'"^^*?^  »^'^"*'  '""O"  ••^"<J  copper  sulphides  and  some  gray 
S?^*?.!r-»  fl^  °^^f^  districts,  the  croppings  occur  in  the  rocky  beds  and  wS* 
Srith't.S^n 'Jilffl^Pu  °\i^^  ^i'"«  ^.'^°^e  timber  line,  so  that  they  "«  tracl^le 
with  small  difficulty,  though  at  times  covered  by  soil  or  rock^ldBS      Feeder* 

SSd  sontK^^T?ifi".l'*^ff^  f°™  ^."  <l"-e<=tions,  thMnclpal"S^8  r^nlij  SSth 
and  south.     The  granite  formation  carrying  this  galena  belt  has  been  mSaS 

MlXldf  ^tJ^2J!^*^^'  and  Horseshoe  Basinf^rt  of  th^m^"  S^ 
te  the  divide  between  the  north  forks  of  Thunder  and  Bridge  Creeks,  ^i 


>i:»vf5^  Siu^ajs^aw? 


■•/■ 


n[l>ii:3-iM:SJ< 


^' 


'^- 


./.: 


rmils  -  .  -  -  . 
Miiniinit  l.iiK>ii 


[TH»  PAClfir,   NOftTHWIItT 


..i^^4,aaw»*^ 


Cascade  River 


9  and 


rinMinKder  Creek 


I 


\i 


a 


ClXZi 


nv^, 


Hwayr 


'  \  • 


milea  from  Casci 
CaBcade'B  sovera 

The  discover; 
John  C.  Rouse  v. 
the  Hummlt  the  i 
on  the  rim  of  Do 
summit  and  crop 
Boston  claim  anc 
of  that  year  Oil 
that  ledge. 

The  Boston,  < 
the  greatest  sho^ 
Boston  Glacier, 
great  body  of  ga 
which  Is  divided 
at  this  point  to  i 
side  of  the  glach 
wall  showed  gale 
five  foot  tunnel 
thickness  of  the 
four  feet.  Assa 
little  gold,  and  t 
per  ton. 

Below  the  Be 
sulphides  In  the  i 
held  by  Gilbert  ] 
run  to  strike  the 
streaks  of  galeni 

Southeast  of 
Ventura,  or  Sai 
Consolidated  Mil 
defined  three-foo 
samples  from  wl 
jind  $4.40  gold. 

West  of  the 
TEldorado  group 
■for  some  dlstanc 
<well  In  gold.  Ai 
great  depth,  and 
one  assays  $70  g< 
Charles  Simpson 
Hill  and  SulUvar 
thave  run  Into  th( 

South  of  the 
■Gilbert  Landre  a 
'Which  is  nine  fee 
of  ore  on  one  w« 
a  twenty-foot  tu 

fold,  and  It  Is  cl 
landre  and  Lan^ 
by  the  London  a 
ithem. 

The  largest  s 
•Queen  Mining  at 
several  groups, 
claims  on  a  ledg 
sixteen  inches  o 
two-inch  streak ' 
ledge  is  covered 
4)ne  to  four  incl 
jinother  there  ar 
to  ten  inches  of 
the  dri^k  is  in 

ife  claims  near 
Atlon  of  the  d 

aches  of  good  oi 
ias  been  run  se^ 
A  ten-foot  cut  ni 
<wlth  a  two-inch 
long  and  twelve 
The  other  claim 
four  k  cbts  of  ir 
«i  foil/  clUms  o 
iha  Cascade  Riv< 
giilch.  A  tunne! 
at  a  point  1,600  : 
iM^her  tunnel  . 
a  good  strong  h 
tunael  hi  in  attj 


MININO    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWB8T. 


mlleH  from  Cascade  Pass  and  southwest  through  the  whole  watershed  of  the 
Cascade's  several  forks  to  their  confluence. 

The  discovery  of  the  Cascade  District  was  made  by  Oeorge  L.  Rouse, 
John  C.  House  and  Gilbert  Landre  In  September,  1889,  while  tracing  across 
the  summit  the  great  ledges  exposed  by  the  glaciers  of  Horseshoe  Basin  and 
on  the  rim  of  Doubtful  Basin,  i  ney  discovered  the  Boston  ledge  cleaving  the 
summit  and  cropping  far  down  the  eastern  slope,  and  the  Rouses  located  the 
Boston  claim  and  Mr.  Landre  the  Chicago  on  Its  west  extension.  In  November 
of  that  year  Oilbert  Landre  and  John  Russner  also  located  the  Buffalo  on 
that  ledge. 

The  Boston,  owned  by  George  Sheckler,  Q.  h.  Rouse  and  J.  C.  Rouse,  has 
the  greatest  showing  In  the  district.  The  ledge  crops  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Boston  Glacier,  which  in  places  has  worn  away  one  of  the  walls,  leaving  a 
great  body  of  galena  exposed  In  a  cliff  to  a  height  of  forty  feet.  The  ledge, 
which  is  divided  In  the  middle  by  a  three-foot  horse  of  black  porphyry,  crops 
at  this  point  to  a  width  of  fifty  feet.  A  cross-cut  of  eighteen  feet  from  the 
side  of  the  glacier  showed  ore  for  ten  feet,  and  a  tunnel  sixty  feet  along  the 
wall  showed  galena  and  sulphides  almost  solid  for  the  whole  width,  A  thirty- 
five  foot  tunnel  at  a  point  150  feet  higher  made  a  similar  showing.  The 
thickness  of  the  ors  body  where  it  has  been  exposed  some  distance  higher  Is 
four  feet.  Assays  run  as  high  as  tlO  ounces  silver,  60  per  cent,  lead  and  a 
Uttle  gold,  and  two  tons  shipped  to  the  smelter  returned  |92  sliver  and  lead 
i)er  ton. 

Below  the  Boston  the  ledge  forks,  with  galena  predominating  in  one  and 
sulphides  In  the  other  fork,  and  Is  covered  by  the  Chicago  group  of  six  claims, 
held  by  Gilbert  Landre  and  C.  H.  Landers.  Several  short  tunnels  have  been 
run  to  strike  the  ore  bodies  in  ledges  which  run  about  six  feet  wide,  showing 
streaks  of  galena  and  sulphides. 

Southeast  of  the  Boston  and  on  the  eastern  rim  of  the  glacier  is  th« 
Ventura,  or  San  Francisco,  group  of  four  claims,  owned  by  the  Cascade 
Consolidated  Mining  Company.  They  have,  parallel  with  the  Boston,  a  well- 
defined  three-foot  ledge  with  six  Inches  of  galena  showing  In  a  small  tunnel, 
samples  from  which  assayed  as  high  as  104.26  ounces  silver,  40.1  per  cent,  lead 
jind  14.40  gold. 

West  of  the  Boston  William  McKay,  John  Millett  and  others  have  the 
lEldorado  group  of  five  claims  on  a  parallel  ledge  four  feet  wide,  well  defined 
-for  some  distance  down  the  mountain,  and  carrying  a  pay  streak  which  runs 
<well  In  gold.  An  eighty-foot  cross-cut  will,  when  extended,  tap  the  ledge  at 
great  depth,  and  a  forty-foot  drift  shows  good  ore  bodies,  of  which  the  main 
one  assays  $70  gold,  sliver  and  lead.  On  a  parallel  ledge  William  Mertaugh, 
Charles  Simpson,  George  W.-  Boles  and  Alexander  Munroe  have  the  Bunker 
Hill  and  Sullivan,  with  three  or  four  Inches  of  high-grade  ore,  of  which  assays 
fliave  run  Into  the  hundreds  of  ounces  of  sliver. 

South  of  the  Boston  and  traceable  over  the  summit  is  a  ledge  on  which 
■Gilbert  Landre  and  others  have  the  Denver  group  of  three  claims.  The  ledgo, 
•which  is  nine  feet  wide  and  Is  broken  by  granite  horses,  carries  eighteen  Inches 
of  ore  on  one  wall  and  two  Inches  of  mineralized  talc  on  the  other,  shown  in 
a  twenty-foot  tunnel.  Assays  run  as  high  as  X40  ounces  silver  and  a  trace  of 
gold,  and  It  Is  claimed  that  the  ledge  will  average  nearly  $60.  All  of  Messrs. 
Landre  and  Landers'  Interests,  comprising  fifteen  claims,  ha,ve  been  acquired 
by  the  London  and  Galena  Mining  and  MliUng  Company,  which  will  develop 

The  largest  single  Investment  in  this  district  has  been  made  by  the  Silver 
•Queen  Mining  and  Smelting  Company,  which  has  fourteen  patented  claims  in 
several  groups.  The  Midas  group  is  a  mile  west  of  Cascade  Pass  and  has  two 
claims  on  a  ledge  opened  by  tunnels  fifty  and  fifty-eight  feet,  with  twelve,  to 
sixteen  inches  of  ore  on  the  footwall  assaying  $47  in  sliver  and  lead,  and  a 
two-inch  streak  which  carried  $604  silver,  $12,50  lead,  a  total  of  $616.50.  A  cross- 
Jedge  is  covered  by  three  claims,  on  one  of  which  a  twenty-foot  tunnel  shows 
one  to  four  inches  of  ore  assaying  $98.90  and  $101.80  from  two  samples;  on 
another  there  are  a  twenty-foot  cross-cut  and  a  thirty-foot  tunnel,  with  two 
to  ten  inches  of  fair  ore  showing  on  the  floor  all  the  way  ill,  while  the  race 

Sal  the  dri-^  Is  in  ore  of  lower  grade.  The  Soldier  Boy  group  is  composed  ot 
five  claims  near  the  pass.  Three  are  on  the  Soldier  Boy  ledge,  the  pioneer 
[Ration  of  the  district,  in  which  a  twelve-foot  tunnel  shows  ten  to  fourteen 
ches  of  good  ore  carrying  some  native  copper  and  assaying  $21.  A  cross-cut 
has  been  run  seventy  feet  to  tap  this  ledge  in  250  feet  at  a  depth  of  -m  feet. 
A  ten-foot  cut  nine  feet  wide  on  another  claim  shows  four  feet  of  ledge  matter 
<wlth  a  two-inch  pay  streak  on  the  hanging  wall,  and  another  cut  eighteen  feet 
Jong  and  twelve  feet  deep  shows  five  inches  of  iron  sulphides  and  galena. 
The  other  claims  are  on  a  parallel  ledge.  In  which  a  sixteen-foot  cut  Shows 
four  lEchts  of  iron  pyrites  and  a  little  galena.  The  Johnsburg  group  consists 
0t  tovu-  clUms  on  a  ledge  running  up  to  the  summit  from  the  south  bank  of 
ihH  Cascade  River,  three  miles  west  of  the  pass,  and  cropping  on  the  side  of  a 
gulch.  A  tunnel  Intended  for  a  main  working  tuntoel  has  heett  run  flfty  feet 
at  a  point  1.600  feet  above  the  valley,  but  is  not  yet  through  the  slide  rook. 
Inather  tunnel  has  been  driven  200  feet  at  a  point  m  feet  higher  and  shows 
agool  str™ledgo  four  feet  wtae,  wUh  eight  inches  of  ore,  wJlUe  Jk 'teird 
tunnel  is  in  flf tr»et  at  a  point  800  fM>%  higher  and  ihows  three  feet  id  SOlld 


M  MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWB8T. 

galena.  Samples  taken  for  the  full  width  between  the  wall»  In  e^ch  of  thes* 
tunnels,  nn.l  k«<»"u1  toRether.  Kave  an  aBHay  of  |fil.7&  for  all  valueH. 

A  number  of  ledRes  parallel  with  the  Soldier  Boy  cut  the  curve  of  the 
baHln  but  have  had  little  work  done  on  them.  On  one  of  these  R.  A.  Osterly 
and  others  iSivo  the  Orand  Republic  group  of  thre^>  claims  on  which  tunnels 
iwenty-live  and  rtfteen  feet  and  a  twenty-tlve-foot  open  cut  show  a  nine-Inch 
pay  Htreak  carrylnR  about  |40  for  all  values.  On  other  ledge«  with  about  aa 
much  pay  ore  are  the  St.  Patrick  and  Nip  and  Tuck. 

The  sail  .■  mineral  foriTiatlon  extends  acrosH  to  the  middle  and  south  forkj 
of  the  Cascade,  where  the  granite  Is  cut  by  dikes  of  (iiiartzlte,  gnelsa  and 
schist  The  largest  group,  consisting  of  six  claims,  Is  the  Fourth  of  July, 
owned"  by  Josei)h  Rlgby,  of  Omaha.  One  ledge  shows  twenty-four  Inches  of 
ore  In  a  fourteen-foot  shaft  and  fifteen-foot  open  cut,  carrying  galena,  car- 
bonates and  sulphurets  to  the  value  of  $,''.0  and  upwards  In  gold  and  silver. 
Another  ledge  showing  twelve  Inches  of  $S0  ore  In  the  cropplngs  will  be  tapped 
by  a  cross-cut,  now  In  forty  feet.  Another  ledge  shows  sixteen  Inches  of  pay 
ore  In  a  thirty-five  foot  cross-cut,  as.^ays  showing  13  per  cent,  copper,  besides 
good  gold  and  silver  values.  Below  this,  on  the  Granite,  Thomas  Barrett, 
of  Woolley,  has  shown  up  sixteen  Inches  of  pay  ore  In  a  four-foot  ledge  by 
means  of  a  ten-fool  sliaft,  and  on  the  Jumbo  he  has  ten  Inches  of  pay  ore, 
though  a  forty-foot  tunnel  on  the  ledge  has  not  penetrated  to  the  ore  chute 
showing  In  the  cropplngs.  Half  a  mile  below  this  he  has  the  Homestake  on 
a  Hvo-foot  ledge,  in  which  several  small  streaks  aggregating  sixteen  to  eigh- 
teen Inches  assay  from  $40  upwards. 

tniarlea  L.  Pollard  has  the  Michigan  group  of  five  claims  on  two  parallel 
ledges  which  have  been  traced  for  L.'iOO  feet.  One  of  these  is  live  feet  wide, 
with  a  sixtcen-lnch  pay  streiik  showing  on  th  wall  of  a  tunnel  run  sixty-five 
feet  along  the  ledge.  Two  assays  show  i;i2  ounces  silver,  fiO  per  cent.  lead  and 
tS  gold-  204  ounces  silver,  40  per  cent.  !■  id,  $;i  gold.  Southwest  of  this  group 
Thomas  Barrett  has  the  Black  Canyon  on  a  four  and  one-half  foot  ledge,  in 
which  an  open  cut  twelve  feet  long  shows  twelve  Inches  of  good  galena  ore. 

A  great  blow-out  of  oxidized  Iron  which  has  been  traced  4,000  feet  up  the 
mountain  from  the  south  fork  Is  covered  by  Richard  Joy  and  Joseph  Peraud 
with  the  Cascade  group  of  three  claims.  A  s:xly-flve  foot  tunnel  shows  a 
ten-inch  streak  of  black  sulphurets  and  iron  pyrites  carrying  gold  and  silver. 


SLATE    CREEK. 

By  D'j  ii^lass  Allmond,  of  Anacortes. 

The  mining  reylon?  of  t.  ^  Skagit  Valley,  for  the  sake  of  convenience,  may 
be  divided  into  five  dl  'Irot  districts,  as  follows:  Slate  Creek  District,  em- 
bracing the  couptri'  iv  v .' oen  the  Slate  Creek  summit  and  the  mouth  of  Ruby 
Creek;  Thunder  Crttl:  L»lstrict,  including  all  that  section  drained  by  Thunder 
Creek;  Cascade  District,  the  country  about  Cascade  River;  Monte  Crlsto 
District,  at  the  headwaters  of  the  Sauk,  and  Hamilton  District,  including  all 
that  section  of  the  valley  from  Marble  Mount  to  tide  water. 

The  route  to  the  Slate  Creek  District  from  Seattle  is  by  the  Seattle  &  Inter- 
national Railroad  to  Woolley,  eighty  miles,  and  thence  by  the  Seattle  & 
Northern  to  Hamilton,  fourteen  miles.  From  Hamilton  a  good  road  can  be 
followed  up  the  Skagit  Valley  to  Marble  Mount,  thirty-four  miles,  and  from 
that  point  a  pony  trail  leads  to  the  mouth  of  Ruby  Creek,  the  western 
boundary  of  the  district,  twenty-nine  miles,  and  to  the  headwaters  of  Slate 
Creek,  twenty-five  miles  further,  with  branch  trails  to  the  various  sections  of 
the  district.  From  the  head  of  Slate  Creek  a  trail  leads  down  the  Methow 
Klver  for  fifteen  miles  and  a  wagon  road  thence  to  Ives  Landing,  seventy-flve 
miles. 

The  Slate  Creek  District  Includes  Ruby,  Canyon,  Granite,  Mill  and  a  num- 
ber of  lesser  streams  and  the  country  north  toward  the  International  boundary 
line.  The  principal  mines,  however,  are  near  the  headwaters  of  Slate  Creek, 
hence  its  name.  The  first  discoveries  in  this  country  were  made  nearly  twenty 
years  ago  by  a  man  named  Rowley.  Then  prospectors  looked  for  placers  only, 
but  as  the  placer  ground  was  limited,  the  creeks  were  difficult  to  handle,  the 
cost  of  getting  to  the  camp  was  enormous,  and  the  trip  extremely  hazardous, 
the  camp  was  short  lived,  although  upwards  of  2,B00  men  went  In  the  first 
season  an-,  fully  $100,000  worth  of  dust  was  taken  out.  In  those  days  the  only 
route  to  the  diggings  was  through  British  Columbia. 

After  abandoning  the  district  for  twelve  or  thirteen  years,  prospectors 
again  went  in,  and  not  succeeding  very  well  In  getting  at  the  placer  gold, 
turned  their  attention  to  prospecting  for  ledges.  On  and  on  they  pressed, 
until,  on  nearing  the  source  of  Slate  Creek,  they  found  that  some  of  the  gold 
In  the  creek  carried  particles  of  quartz.  But  at  first  the  ledges  could  not  be 
found,  so  It  was  determined  to  dig  for  them.  The  result  was  that  a  number 
ot  blind  leads  were  located,  some  of  them  proving  very  rich. 

One  of  the  first  and  also  one  of  the  most  valuable  finds  was  the  Eureka 


"Kuma  M  iHt  rtiM 


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MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


IT 


group,  which  was  located  In  1893,  Its  owners  Incorporating  under  the  name  of 
the  Eureka  Mining  Company  of  Anacortes  In  1895.  In  this  group  are  six  quartz 
and  two  placer  claims.  These  are  all  situated  on  the  eastern  slope  of  Slate 
Hill,  and,  except  the  Lowman,  are  extensions  on  the  Eureka  lode.  Slate  Hill 
is  a  part  of  a  spur  of  the  main  Cascade  Range,  and  with  Benson  Mountain 
forms  the  divide  between  Slate  Creek,  the  waters  of  which  find  their  way  into 
the  Skagit,  and  the  headwaters  of  the  Similkanrieen  River.  After  running 
westerly  about  three  miles  this  spur  turns  to  the  south  and  forms  the  divide 
between  Slate  Creek  and  Canyon  Creek.  The  spur  Is  composed  mainly  of 
slate,  with  poryhyry  overlying  or  capping  the  summit  In  places.  The  Eureka 
lode,  the  only  one  on  Slate  Hill  on  which  any  systematic  mining  has  been  done, 
is  probably  the  principal  lode  of  the  hill.  Nowhere  does  it  show  any  out- 
cropping, being  covered  with  from  four  to  eight  feet  of  earth,  the  top  two 
feet  being  soft  earth  and  the  rest  a  hard  cement  compounded  of  clay  with 
oxide  of  Iron.  At  the  Eureka  this  surface  dirt  was  stripped  off  for  about  forty 
feet  in  length  and  thirty  feet  in  width,  exposing  the  ledge.  In  this  process  of 
stripping  the  cement  was  washed  through  a  primitive  cradle  and  yielded  good 
wages.  The  ledge  thus  exposed  is  thirty  feet  between  wallo.  The  quwta, 
which  extends  from  wall  to  wall  with  verj  little  slate  intermixed,  is  much 
decomposed  and  mixed  with  oxide  of  iron.  The  entire  ledge  assays  high  in 
free  milling  gold.  Seemingly  there  is  little  difference  in  value  of  any  part 
of  lit.  Pieces  picked  up  at  random,  being  broken,  usually  show  free  gold. 
The  ledge  run ;  nearly  north  and  south,  parallel  with  Slate  Hill,  dipping  to  the 
east  about  70  degrees,  the  walls,  so  far  as  exposeu,  being  well  dteflned.  A  shaft 
5x9  feet,  starting  on  the  east  side  or  hanging  wall,  was  sunk  in  1895  to  a  depth 
of  fifty-four  feet.  At  this  depth  a  cross-cut  was  run  six  feet  to  the  footwall, 
s  4d  was  then  run  in  the  opposite  direction  twenty-four  feet  without  reaching 
tue  hanging  wall,  making  thirty  feet  of  solid  quartz,  all  well  mlnerallzeu  and 
assaying  well  in  gold.  The  ledge  shows  ir  the  shaft  to  a  depth  of  twenty-five 
feet  the  same  brown  iron  oxidized  ore  as  on  the  surface.  At  this  depth  It 
changes  to  a  hard  white  quartz,  impregnated  with  fine  iron  pyrites,  carrying 
gold  apparently  in  a  free  state,  as  several  tests  show  It  will  amalgamate  to  80 
per  cent,  of  the  assay  value.  Work  in  this  shaft  was  abandoned  late  In  the 
fall  of  1895,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  hoisting  the  ore  by  hand.  A  tunnel  was 
then  started  further  to  the  east  and  below  the  shaft.  Work  was  continued 
in  1896  and  the  tunnel  is  now  In  270  feet.  This  will  cut  the  ledge  at  a  deptb  of 
124  feet  perpendicular  below  the  shaft.  The  mine  can  be  easily  worked;  by 
comnaratlvely  short  tunnels  to  a  depth  of  1,400  feet,  this  being  the  level  of 
the  creek.  The  ore  carries  $30  in  gold,  apparently  ft«e  mUlbig  even  when  In 
sulphuretr. 

The  Back  group  of  five  claims  is  situated  on  the  western  slope  of  Benson 
Mountain,  a  part  of  the  «ame  spur  as  Slate  Hill,  and  Is  distant  from  the 
Eureka  g  Dup  about  three  miles.  There  are  two  parallel  ledges,  about'  400 
feet  aparr,  with  three  claims  on  one  and  two  on  the  other.  These  claims  are 
owned  by  Melville  Curtis,  A.  M.  Barron  and  H.  H»  Soule,  all  of  Anacort«s> 
The  veins  run  northeasterly  and  southwesterly,  with  a  dip  of  80  d^re«B 
northvresterly.  The  outcrop  Is  well  defined  and  is  traceable  through  all  tl«* 
claims.  The  qua:  tz  shows  •.rom  three  to  six  feet  in  width,  with  a  slat»  Jdot- 
wall,  and  porphyry  in  places  on  the  hanging  vail.  The  quartz  is  generally 
white,  carrying  very  little  oxide  of  iron.  It  carries  gold,  silver  and  a  snan 
quantity  of  copper,  an  average  of  fpurvan^c^ys  driving  8%  ounces  goldand'Sl 
ounces  silver.  Tunnels  have  been  started  on  three  claims  and  are  In  from 
iwpnty  to  fifty  feet.  Situated  on  the  nMehlll,  all  these  claims  can  be  worked 
from  one  main  tunnel  to  a  depth  of  1,200  feet. 

The  Mammoth,  also  on  Benson  Mountaln»  and  near  the  Beck  group,  iM 
owned  by  Messrs.  Risley  and  Wobdin.  It  is  a  foiir-foot  ledge,  from  which 
some  very  rich  ore  has  been  taken.  Very  little  development  work  has  been 
done,  however,  although  the  surface  showing  would  seem  to  warrant  It. 

Northerly  from  the  Eureka  group  and  on  the  Canyon  Creek  slope  of  Slate 
Range,  Is  the  Excelsior,  owned  by  Mesrrs.  Benson  and  Templar.     This  Is  a 
six-foot  lead,  well  defined,  but  of  comparatively  low  grade,  shown  by  an  open 
#  cut  and  short  tunnel. 

Four  mUes  northwesterly  from  the  Eureka  is  whi^tlSi  knowa  as  the^jApf- 
corteu  grouDL  near  !  he  headwaters  of .  Cascade  branch,  of  Canypn  Creek. 
Probably  thirty  claims  havo  be*n  here  located,  andwlthoiU;  douM  some,  of 
the  richest  ore  ever  taken  from  any  raining  camp  came  fronoH  some  of  the 
iMgee.of  this  locality,  fhe  first  location  waf*  ma4e  In  IWJ,  In  1895,  ten  pounda 
olTore  froffi  the  Ahaoortee  claim  yielded  $76.^  In  gold.  The  ledge,  f rota  wbwm 
thl*,rlch  rock  w«us  taken  runs  through  foMr  claims  otth#_Ai»cprteagrot«t. 
which,  with  four  others,  are  owned  by  J.  H.  Youipg,,  T,  B.  ChJW*.  P-  ^'}i»lm^ 
D..  M,  Woadbuxy.  M,  S.  Smith,  John  Ruasner  and  Douglass  AUmoaC,  The 
le^tee  4a  ^mall,  not  aho  wing  over  twenty  inohes.  hi  any  .pi»<»-  Eleven  nu^^ed 
f^  up  tlie  hifl  from  where  the  rich  rockef  i8«5  was  taken  the  ledce  waB,a«pM» 
uiMio.verad  and  very  rich  rook  struck*  Surface  work  only,  has  been  don«^0|t 
ttii^  property. 

TlieJoTOvnt.PetniLaiapgBlde  the  AnaoorCes,  has. a, ledge  four  feet  b«ftMM»i 
w»ite>t1S^g*nirtt«  belW<luartR  mixed  with  black  slate,  "V^^  carry*w«ol<l'«*»*. 
a  little  silver.    The  owners,  R.  C.  Sylvester,  C.  I.  Carpenter.  W.  J.  Farrell  and 


•8  MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 

C.  Ashley,  have  carried  on  development  work  aystematlcp/ily  from  the  begln^ 
ninsr.  and  have  a  sixty-foot  tunnel. 

Other  promising  claims  of  this  group  are  the  Gold  C'jin,  Kootneai,  What- 
com and  Gold  Coin. 

The  Alameda  group  Is  southerly  of  and  across  Cascade  branch  from  the 
Anacortes  group.  Unlike  most  of  the  other  mines  of  the  Slate  Creek  country, 
which  are  blind  leads,  the  Alamedas  show  on  the  surface  a  three-foot  ledge  of 
white  quartz.  The  Alamedas  are  owned  by  P.  E.  Nelson,  J.  C.  Phelps,  G.  B. 
Smith,  of  Anacortes,  and  others.  Prom  the  assays  it  would  seem  that  the 
ore  runs  from  $28  to  $35  per  ton  In  gold,  and  that  't  Is  free  milling.  The  find 
Is  a  late  one  and  very  little  work  has  been  dore. 

The  Whistler  Is  on  Crater  Mountain,  f.ve  miles  southeast  of  tho  Eureka, 
and  is  owneu  by  J.  W.  Romaine,  R.  A.  Maxwell  and  John  Leedy,  <  '  Whatcom. 
The  ledge  is  about  twenty  feet  in  widtt ,  with  a  flfteen-i;-xc''  ati  ^r: >.  )f  rich 
ore,  carrying  gold  in  a  free  state  and  alst)  in  black  sulphur^t  5>.V  •  nt^3  of 
ore  have  been  made,  yielding,  it  is  said,  $100  in  gold  per  ton. 

The  Rockefeller,  owned  by  John  McCullough  and  Jamu  >.  ■  ,  *s  on 
Slate  Hill.  A  ton  shipment  of  ore  yleldec'  good  results.  The  'iEmi»  -ck  group 
of  four  claims  on  Slate  Mountain  is  own?d  by  C.  F.  Megquiei,  H.  Havekost 
and  P.  W.  Law.  A  flfty-foot  tunnel  has  been  run  on  a  four-foot  ledgo.  The 
ore  carries  gold  and  a  small  quantity  of  silver  and  copper. 

While  placer  mining  on  a  small  scale  will  not,  in  all  probability,  over  be 
a  success  on  Ruby  or  Canyon  or  their  tributaries,  there  Is  every  reKson  to 
hope  that  with  proper  appliances,  hydraulicking  will  prove  remun<Tatlve. 
Gold  can  be  panned  from  almost  any  of  the  benches  along  the  creeks,  and 
nuggets  weighing  as  high  as  $20  have  been  found.  During  the  past  season 
F.  J.  Scougale  worked  a  group  of  fourteen  claims  near  the  mouth  of  Ruby 
Creek  with  a  small  hydraulic  plant  and  in  six  weeks  took  out  $950  In  nuggets 
ranging  from  10  cents  upwards.  Frank  Ledger  and  others  built  a  ilume  a  mile 
long  and  worked  the  Old  Discovery  claims  near  the  mopth  of  Canyon  Creek 
for  about  a  month,  employing  seventeen  men. 

But  the  placer  ground  can  only  be  worked  thoroughly  on  a  large  scale, 
and  this  will  be  done  during  th'i  coming  summer  by  the  Ruby  Hydraulic  Gold 
Mining  Company.  This  company  has  bought  the  Scougale  claims,  extending 
a  mile  up  Ruby  Creek  from  its  mouth  and  covering  an  area  of  420  acreo. 
It  has  a  depth  of  auriferous  gravel  ranging  from  thirty-five  to  200  feet,  esti- 
mated to  contain  from  15,000,000  to  20,000,000  cubic  yards,  carrying  from  25  cent?i 
to  $1  in  gold  per  cubic  yard.  There  are  several  prospect  holes  on  the  property 
one  of  them  being  eighty  feet  deep.  At  the  bottom  the  gravel  runs  about  .' 
cents  to  the  yard  in  coarse  gold  and  the  gold  grows  finer  as  the  suri'af**  '■-. 
approached,  but  It  shows  good  colors  all  the  way  down.  On  the  north  ijit'c 
or  the  creek  the  ground  Is  broken  in  places  by  rock,  tiie  gold  is  coaraei  pxS 
bedrock  is  frequently  exposed. 

The  company  proposes  to  equip  this  property  with  a  complete  hydraulic* 

filant.  It  will  make  about  three  miles  of  ditch  and  flume,  with  a  capacltv  -*" 
,000  miner's  inches,  giving  a  pressure  of  300  feet,  lay  1,000  feet  of  twev.ty-four 
Inch  steel  pipe,  with  giants,  install  a  dynamo  for  electric  lighti-jj,  in  order 
that  work  may  continue  night  and  day,  and  build  a  sawmill  to  cut  the  neces- 
sary lumber.  A  five-foot  tailing  flume  will  carry  the  debris  into  the  Skagit 
Canyon,  where  the  river  is  swift  enough  to  carry  off  the  largest  boulders. 
Estimates  of  the  cost  of  this  plant  and  of  the  necessary  buildings  range  from 
$16,000  to  $30,000,  and  It  is  estimated  that  it  could  move  from  4,000  to  6,000  cubic 
yards  of  gravel  every  twenty-four  hours. 

There  is  a  prospect  that  a  similar  plant  will  be  erected  on  Canyon,  near 
Boulder  Creek. 


THUNDER    CREEK. 


By  Douglass  Allmond,  of  Anacortes. 

Not  uiitil  late  in  vhe  fall  of  1891  dl1  the  pJo.«pjc^.-  i;  .netrate  to  the  head- 
waters of  Thunder  Creek.  This  stream  ha.  .♦"  ■^our  .-ir  at  the  backbone,  of  the 
main  Cascade  Range,  a  little  north  of  east  ■  ,.  r,Iarbk  :■  .  tt,  in  Skagit  County 
and,  flowing  northw(  sterly  for  twenty  m'.es,  empti  ,i  ii,to  the  Skagit  River 
about  four  miles  so^'ih  of  the  mouth  of  Ruby  Crefk.  The  headwaters  of 
Thunder  Creek  and  Cascade  River  (the  next  large  stream  to  the  south)  are 
not  more  than  four  miles  apart,  but  the  divide  is  rugged  in  the  extreme  well 
deserving  the  name  of  Sawtooth  Jlange. 

In  1891  John  Russner  and  two  other  prospectors  crossed  the  Boston  Glao'er 
at  the  head  of  the  Cascade,  climbed  the  Sawtooths,  and  descending  the 
northerly  slope  crossed  another  glacier  that  really  forms  the  head  of  Thunder 
Creek.  The  trip  was  a  dangerous  one,  but  tbe  men  were  rewarded  by  finding 
a  "good  prospect,"  although  they  did  not  then  have  any  conception  of  the 
richness  or  extent  of  their  find.  Cascade  District  prospectors  had  found  only 
galena  ores,  and  this  was  what  Russner  and  his  companions  were  looking  for' 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


n 


ao  when  they  located  a  ledge  of  green  ore,  not  having  any  of  the  attractiveness 
of  brlsrht  galena,  they  put  In  their  stakes  simply  because  the  lode  was  well 
defined,  and  carried  away  samples,  having  only  a  faint  hope  that  these  might 
show  some  value,  although  there  did  not  seem  to  be  anything  to  cause 
enthusiasm.^  The  locations  were  called  Willis  and  Everett.  To  the  surprise 
of  all,  however,  this  greenish  ore  proved  to  be  very  rich  in  silver,  some  assays 
running  as  high  as  3,400  ounces. 

In  1892  there  was  quite  a  rush  to  the  new  camp,  and  many  more  good  finds 
were  made,  although  galena  ores  predominated.  Six  more  claims  were  located 
on  the  Willis  and  Everett  lead  and  covered  the  entire  distance  from  these  two 
claims,  which  were  at  an  altitude  of  about  7,500  feet,  down  to  Thunder  Creok. 
The  works  at  the  lower  claim  are  near  the  creek,  and  at  an  altitude  of  perhaps 
2,500  feet  above  sea  level.    At  this  point  the  ledge  carries  galena. 

Perhaps  several  dozen  claims  in  all  have  been  located  In  the  Thunder 
Creek  country,  but  the  amount  of  development  work  done  Is  very  limited. 
In  the  fall  of  1892  the  Skagit  Mining  and  Milling  Company  was  formed  and 
obtained  control  of  the  Willis  and  Everett  claims.  This  company  shipped 
several  tona  to  the  smelter,  the  returns  being  190  ounces  in  silver.  But  not- 
withstanding the  richness  of  this  ore,  it  was  found  unprofitable  to  ship, 
because  of  the  heavy  charges  for  packing,  etc.,  and  mining  was  not  again 
resumed.  This  was  the  only  ore  ever  shipped  out  of  the  district,  owners  of 
claims  contenting  themselves,  on  account  of  the  low  price  of  sliver,  with 
merely  doing  assessment  work. 

A.  E.  Hartay  and  others  own  two  good  claims  at  the  head  of  Thunder 
Creek  Basin.  They  are  northerly  of  the  Boston,  In  Cascade  District,  and  it  is 
believed  that  the  Boston  lead  cuts  through  the  Sawtooth  Range,  again  crop- 
ping on  the  Thunder  Creek  side,  where  Hartay  made  his  locations.  Assays 
show  about  $140  for  all  values. 

Among  other  promising  locations  in  the  district  may  be  mentioned  the 
Hartford  and  extensions,  on  the  Willis  and  Everett  lead;  the  Ice  Gate  group, 
a  high-grade  galena;  th^  Major,  Silver  Queen,  Jasper,  St.  Louis  and  Puget 
Sound. 

The  Tltunder  Creek  country  may  well  be  said  to  be  a  camp  of  great 
promise,  although  difBcult  of  access,  only  awaiting  the  quickening  touch  of 
capital  and  energy.  It  can  be  reached  by  two  routes.  One  of  them  Is  by 
trail  up  the  Skagit;  the  other  via  Lake  Chelan.  From  Marble  Mount  to  the 
mouth  of  Thunder  Creek  is  about  twenty-five  miles,  and  from  the  mouth  to 
the  headwaters  is  about  twenty  miles.  It  is  about  forty  miles  from  Lake 
Chelan  to  the  headwaters  of  Thunder  Creek.  This  latter  route  is  up  the 
Stehekln  to  Park  CreeH,  thence  up  the  latter  stream  and  across  the  main 
Cascades  via  the  Park  Creek  summit. 


BUTH    CREEK. 

Prospecting  in  this  district  only  dates  back  to  the  cloae  of  the  summer  of 
1894  but  the  few  discoveries  so  far  made  are  an  earnest  of  what  remains  to 
reward  more  general  and  thorough  work  and  an  evidence  that  the  mineral 
found  further  north  and  south  in  the  Cascade  Range  extends  through  the 
whole  width  of  Whatcom  County.  The  district  lies  between  the  main  range  of 
the  Cascades  and  the  loftier  parallel  range  on  the  west,  of  which  Mounts 
Baker  and  Shuksan  are  the  principal  peaks,  and  is  drained  by  the  Nooksack 
River  and  Its  tributaries.  Most  of  the  ledges  so  far  discovered  crop  in  the 
south  slope  of  the  ridge  closing  in  the  Ruth  Creek  Valley  on  the  north,  and  in 
and  about  Hannegan  Pass,  which  crosses  the  divide  between  the  headwaters 
of  the  Nooksack  and  Chilllwack  Rivers. 

The  exploration  of  this  region  began  in  1894  with  the  partial  construction 
of  the  state  trail  up  Glacier  Creek,  due  north  of  Mount  Baker,* for  twenty 
miles  eastward,  with  the  Intention  of  crossing  the  Baker  Range  north  of 
Mount  Shuksan,  thence  down  Beaver  Creek  to  the  Skagit,  across  the  main 
ranpe  and  down  the  Methow.  This  route  was  abandoned  in  fjivf  r  of  the  one 
bv  way  of  the  Cascade  and  Twlsp  Passes,  over  which  the  trail  t/as  last  year 
constructed,  but  Its  partial  construction  by  the  Hannegun  Pass  route  opened 
the  way  to  prospectors.  Whatcom  County  has  followed  up  this  work  by 
buildlne  bridges  across  the  north  fork  of  the  Nooksack  and  converting  the 
trail  Into  a  wagon  road,  thus  making  it  possible  to  haul  supplies  within 
fourteen  miles  of  the  camp.  Tho  route  from  Seattle  Is  by  the  Seattle  & 
International  Railroad  to  Deming  Station,  112  miles,  thence  by  wagon  road 
twonty-slx  mlies  and  by  trail  fourteen  miles.  ,  „,  .  ..  t  -^r  tt  ,  **        .■ 

Late  in  the  summer  of  1894  E.  H.  Thomas,  of  Bla  ne,  and  J.  W.  Hulett  made 
the  flfBt  discovery,  on  which  they  located  the  Hulett.  This  was  a  ledge  of 
great  width,  heavily  capped  with  Iron  at  frequent  intervals,  which  crops  high 
on  Burnt  Mountain,  north  of  the  nineteenth  mile  post.  The  walls  are  in^nite 
and  hornblende  and  the  ledge  is  easily  traced  for  several  miles  over  the 
morntalns.  The  ore  carries  Iron  and  copper  pyrites  "IJil  jirserilcal  Iron.  »"$ 
assays  from  surface  specimens  range  from  a  trace  to  $23  gold,  with  traces  of 


60 


MINING    IN    THK    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


silver  and  a  small  percentage  of  copper.  This  was  the  first  of  five  parallel 
ledges,  all  heavily  capped,  running  through  Ruth  and  Granite  Mountains. 
The  country  rock  Is  granite,  in  which  large  masses  of  hornblende  occur,  but  at 
the  base  of  Ruth  Mountain  is  a  trap  overflow.  On  one  of  the  parallel  ledges, 
with  a  large  heavy  capping,  are  the  Granite  and  Edith,  which  have  been  little 
prospected.  On  another,  near  Hannegan  Pass,  Messrs.  Galloway  and  Shoe- 
maker, of  Lynden,  have  several  claims  from  which  good  gold  assays  have 
been  rbialTied.  A  good  prospect  was  found  In  the  Marine,  located  in  Septem- 
ber, 1  '  bv  J.  W.  Barber  and  others  on  Burnt  Mountain,  half  a  mile  east  of 
the  K  "^n  the  cropping  was  twenty  inches  of  honey-combed  guartz 

carrying  s  and  arsenical  iron,  of  which  three  assays  of  surface  samples 

ran  15.60  ,  v24.58  silver  and  lead,  6  per  cent,  copper;    |23.20  gold;    $19  gold, 

respectivei;  .tn  an  eighteen-foot  shaft  the  ledge  widened  to  five  feet  and 
carries  five  inches  of  solid  mineral. 

Last  season  George  Longdon  and  others  discovered  near  the  head  of 
Beaver  Creek  a  small  lake  formed  by  a  dike  of  granite  against  a  mass  of 
quartz  300  feet  wide.  This  quartz  constitutes  the  bed  of  the  lake  and  Is 
plainly  visible  through  the  clear  water,  evidently  carrying  mineral. 


THE    C2IC0   TIN    MINES. 

A  great  deposit  of  tin  ore  cropping  near  Wildcat  Lake,  four  miles  from 
Chico  in  Kitsap  county,  has  for  some  time  been  the  sMbject  of  much  specula- 
tion and  Its  value  has  been  attested  by  such  authority  among  mining  engin- 
eers aa  to  warrant  the  organization  of  the  Cook  Kitchen  Mining  Company  to 
develop  It.  The  deposit  is  held  under  twenty-six  mining  claims,  covering  462 
acres  of  land,  with  a  water  right  on  Wildcat  Lake,  a  sheet  of  water  covering 
160  to  200  acres. 

The  deposit  consists  of  a  great  body  of  killas  carrying  casslterite,  or 
pyrites  of  tin,  native  oxide  of  tin,  with  considerable  wolframite,  tourmalin, 
arsenlous  iron  and  mica.  It.  is  over  400  feet  wide  and  of  much  greater  length, 
running  six  degrees  north  of  west  and  south  of  east,  the  contact  south  about 
one  mile  being  gray  sandstone,  and  north  a  hard  calcine  dolomitic  rock.  Pqur 
shafts  are  down  for  depths  ranging  from  twenty-flve  to  eighiy-flve  feet,  the 
deepest  being  at  the  footwall  with  an  extension  now  In  progress  fifty  feet 
deeper.  One  of  these  shafts  shows  solid  tin  ore  on  all  four  sides,  increasing 
In  value  as  it  goes  down,  while  a  small  cut  near  the  footwall  shows  rock 
richly  impregnated  with  arsenlous  iron,  sulphate  of  iron,  casslterite  or  tin- 
stone and  brlttlts  argentum,  the  casslterite  crystals  being  in  plain  sight.  An- 
other cut  shows  more  malachite  copper  than  the  first  mentioned.  A  number 
of  assays  have  been  made,  showing  the  percentage  of  tin  In  the  ore  taken 
from  the  deepest  shaft  to  range  from  three  to  five  and  one-half,  while  sam- 
ples from  one  of  the  cuts  carried  traces  of  tin,  iron  and  copper,  and  from 
another  cut  ten  ounces  silver  and  4  per  cent.  tin.  An  assay  from  a  depth  of 
twenty-flve  feet  in  the  shaft  ran:  Silver,  39%  ounces;  tin,  4%  per  cent;  copper 
sulphides,  9A  per  cent.,  and  another  assay  for  gold  and  silver  alone  showed 
JS.72  gold.  $2.32  sliver. 

This  deposit  is  peculiarly  accessible,  being  only  four  miles  distant  by  road 
from  Chlco,  on  Port  Washington,  a  branch  of  Puget  Sound.  With  deep  water 
Navigation  thence  to  any  railroad  the  cost  of  transportation  will  be  at  the 
minimum. 

In  order  to  reduce  the  ore,  it  is  proposed  to  crush  it  and  wash  out  the 
lighter  waste,  then  roast  the  concentrates  remaining  dn  order  to  get  rid  of  th« 
arsenic  and  sulphur  and  oxidize  the  iron  pyrites,  which  is  removed  by  a 
second  washing.  Oxide  of  copper  will  be  extracted  with  diluted  sulphuric 
acid  and  the  copper  In  the  solution  then  precipitated  with  iron.  The  purified 
ore,  known  as  black  tin,  will  then  be  shipped  to  the  smelter. 


GOLD    CHEEK. 

A  short  distance  east  of  the  summit  of  the  Snoqualmie  Pass  is  a  mlntngr 
district,  of  which  little  has  been  heard  but  where  much  has  been  done  with 
satisfactory  results.  At  the  head  of  Gold  Creek,  which  flows  Into  Lake 
Kltchelos,  the  source  of  the  Yakima  River,  the  granite  and  syenite  country 
rock  Is  out  by  true  flssure  ledges,  running  almost  north  and  south,  with  the 
line  of  the  divide,  and  sometimes  cutting  both  granite  and  syenite  In  their 
oourae.  The  surface  ledge  matter  Is  porphyry,  but  as  one  goes  down  Ih  It,  it 
changes  to  quartz.  The  mineral  carries  gold  and  silver  in  the  form  of  sul- 
phides, bromides  of  silver,  ruby  silver,  steel  galena  and  carbonates  of  leikd. 

The  nearest  route  by  rail  from  Seattle  is  by  the  Northern  Pacific  to  MMrtln 
Jltatton,  161  miles,  thence  northward  on  the  Snoqualmie  wagon  road  along 
the  east  bank  of  Lake  Kltchelos,  ten  miles,  and  by  tra:ll  up  Gold  Onek, 


I M  TM»  r Aotrio  m 


GOLD  CREEK 

KITTITAS  COUNTY, 

WASHINGTON.  V 


imex  TO  MinacB  cuiM. 


1   Mildred. 

%  Granite  King. 

:).  ()ri);inal. 

4.  Sail  Praneisca 

5.  Oranite  Point. 
ti.  Highland. 

7.  Revington  Oroop. 

8.  No.  15. 

9.  Ha»inA. 

10.  Victoria. 

11.  Brown  Peak. 

12.  Superior. 

13.  Kittita*. 

14.  State  of  Washington 


Tr  a  /'/a  ■ 


I  M  THC  f  MtriO  NCWTHWMT,  , 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


61 


eight  mlies.  The  district  can  also  be  reached  by  the  Seattle  &  International 
Kailroad  to  Sallal  Prairie,  sixty-three  miles,  and  the  Snoqualmle  Pass  road, 
thirty-four  miles.  Prospectlngr  began  In  the  year  1890  and  has  been  followed 
up  by  a  large  amount  of  development. 

The  principal  property  is  the  Esther  and  Louisa  group  of  twelve  claims, 
owned  by  the  Gold  Creek  Mining  Company  of  Seattle.  One  of  tho  main  ledges 
running  through  two  clainiH  has  widened  from  thirty-six  to  forty  lnch«is  in  th« 
face  of  a  thirty-foot  tunnel  and  carries  concentrating  ore  ranging  m  value 
from  $10  to  $40,  according  to  various  assays.  Two  lower  level.s  havi^  been  run 
seventy  feet  each  on  this  ledge  and  two  feeders  have  been  opened.  Several 
shipments  of  sorted  ore  aggregatbig  about  ten  tons  were  made  to  the  Tacoma 
smelter  in  1896  and  the  returns  snowed  an  average  gross  value  of  about  $100 
a  ton.  A  parallel  ledge  has  been  opened,  varying  in  width  from  two  to  three 
feet,  with  a  pay  streak  of  eight  to  twenty-two  inches.  On  another  ledge 
extending  through  two  claims  a  twenty-foot  tunnel  has  shown  a  pay  streak 
of  six  to  eight  inches  and  ^  100-foot  tunnel  on  another  ledge  has  shown  six  to 
twelve  Inches  of  ore  assaying  from  $20  to  $100.  This  company  has  two  power 
drills,  operated  by  steam,  and  an  ore  breaker.  It  will  this  season  erect  a 
concentrator  and  put  in  a  water  power  plant  to  run  all  the  machinery. 

On  the  right  bank  of  the  Creek  is  the  Granite  King  group  of  six  cialms, 
owned  by  the  Granite  King  Gold  Mining  Company,  two  claims  being  on  each 
of  three  ledges.  One  of  these  has  three  tunnels,  the  upper  180  feet,  the  second 
seventy  feet  long  150  feet  lower  down  the  mountain  and  the  third  thirty  feet, 
showing  It  to  be  about  four  feet,  mineralized  for  the  full  width  between  strong 
walls  and  carrying  twelve  to  twenty  Inches  of  highly  mineralized  rock.  A 
second  ledge  runs  Into  this  one  from  the  right  and  has  twelve  Inches  of  pay 
ore  carrying  gold  and  copper.  The  third  shows  galena  and  copper  sulphides 
in  a  twenty-foot  timnel.  Assays  from  these  several  ledges  have  never  gone 
below  $26  and  have  run  as  ^Igh  as  $180.  Work  was  continued  far  Into  the 
winter,  until  the  cabin  was  carried  ".Tr&y  by  a  snowsllde  and  the  occupants 
had  a  narrow  escape  with  thel»*  lives. 

On  the  Good  Luck,  Lon  Jose  and  Mrs.  Revlngton  have  run  a  cross-cut 
100  feet  to  tap  a  good  ledge,  cutting  a  number  of  stringers  ranging  from  six 
to  twelve  Inches  and  carrying  rich  galena  ore,  on  one  of  which  tney  have  run 
a  drift.  The  same  parties  have  run  a  tunnel  tfilrty  feet  on  the  Fourth  of 
July  ledge,  showing  a  good  pay  streak. 


CLE-ELUM. 

The  great  belt  of  copper  and  gold  ledges  which  runs  through  the  backbone 
of  the  Cascade  range  crops  with  great  strength  on  the  mountains  drained  by 
the  Clo-elum  River  and  extends  northeastward  across  the  Teanaway  to  the 
base  of  Mount  Stuart  and  west  tO  Lake  Kahchees.  In  the  same  belt  ai^e 
many  ledges  of  quartz  carrying  free  gold  and  sulphurets,  with  galena  In  Its 
various  forms.  Further  southeast,  down  the  course  of  the  river.  Is  a  belt  of 
pyrites  ledges  capped  with  magnetic  and  hematite  Iron,  which  have  caused 
them  for  years  to  be  miscalled  the  Cle-elum  iron  mines.  The  district  has  been 
legally  organized  and  extends  from  the  headwaters  of  the  river  to  Cle-elum 
Lake  and  from  Kahchees  Lake  on  the  west  to  the  Teanaway  divide  on  the 
east.  Recent  discoveries  have,  however,  extended  beyond  the  latter  line  to 
a  connection  with  the  Negro  Creek  unorganized  district  among  the  foothills 
of  Mount  Stuart. 

The  district  is  easily  reached  from  Seattle  or  Spokane.  Prom  the  former 
city  one  takes  the  Northern  Pacific  tralu  to  Cle-elum,  122  miles,  and  the 
branch  line  to  Roslyn,  four  miles  distant.  A  wagon  road  leads  thence  to 
Cle-elum  Lake  and  up  the  Cle-elum  River  to  I-l-ass  Lake,  near  Its  source, 
thirty  miles  away.  Trails  branch  off  from  the  road  up  all  the  principal  creeks 
and  traverse  the  district  to  the  summits  on  the  right  and  left. 

The  country  rock  of  the  district  is  granite,  syenite,  porphyry  an'^  slate, 
with  dikes  of  serpentine  and  the  mineral  ledges  cut  in  a  generally  no  thwest 
and  southeast  direction,  with  some  cross  ledges  running  east  and  wes  .  Dis- 
coveries in  this  district  began  about  1881,  when  A.  ".  Boyls.  the  presf>nt 
venerable  but  vigorous  mining  recorder,  In  company  with  S.  S.  Hawkins  and 
Moses  Splawn,  traveled  up  Camp  Creek  and  on  Hawkins  Mountain  traced 
three  parallel  ledges  carrying  iron  sulphurets.  From  that  time  forward 
prospecting  traced  the  belt  twenty  miles  down  the  Cle-elum  from  its  head  ana 
east  and  west  for  fifteen  miles  as  already  outlined. 

The  best  developed  propert"  is  the  Aurora  group  of  five  claims  on  Mam- 
moth Mountain,  owned  by  John  and  Timothy  Lynch,  which  carry  high-grade 
gold  and  sliver  ore.  The  mountain  is  composed  mainly  of  metamorphio  rock, 
cut  diagonally  by  dikes  of  granite  In  which  are  fissure  ledges  of  quartz  run- 
ning east  and  west.  One  ledge  haa  bee%  traced  five  feet  wide  over  2,000  feet 
and  carries  free  gold  and  sulphurets,  being  heavily  oxidized  to  a  depth  of 
fifty  feet.  A  shaft  fifty  feet  deen  on  the  hanging  wall  cut  a  twelve-Inch 
sttlnger  at  thiny-fl'Vte  feet  and  stioWWd  OM  aV*rBt|5«rr  iWTroW. '  "ft  tfUSWIUBB 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWKflT. 


feeder  widened  to  eighteen  inchesi  In  a  stxty-foot  tunnel,  from  which  a  winie 
1b  being  sunk.  A  twenty-foot  dike  of  porphyry  crops  out  very  distinctly  on 
'tfie  west  and  carries  decomposed  red  oxide  of  copper  and  Iron,  with  two  feet 
of  red  ochre  on  the  hanging  wall  carrying  $114  gold,  8  ounces  silver.  On  a 
parallel  five-foot  ledge,  enclosed  In  a  porphyry  dike,  a  tunnel  is  In  twenty  feet, 
Bhowlng  fr«e  gold  and  sulphurets.  Another  ledge  four  feet  wide  runs  parallel 
and  will  be  tapped  by  a  tunnel  now  in  seventy  feet.  An  average  of  the  crop- 
pings  shipped  to  San  Francisco  returned  $126  gold,  $1.09  silver  and  assays 
nHVe  shown  $200,  $269,  $229  gold,  with  a  trace  to  $1  silver.  On  another  parallel 
ledge  three  feet  wide  and  traced  for  1,000  feet,  a  tunnel  has  penetrated  sixty 
feet  showing  ore  the  full  width,  after  cutting  a  slate  horse  carrying  pyrites, 
and  another  tunnel  is  In  115  feet  at  a  point  100  feet  deeper,  while  a  third  tunnel 
Is  in  twenty  feet  and  shows  good  mineral.  A  shipment  of  twenty  tons  from 
the  two  last-named  ledges  returned  $66  gold  and  a  trace  of  silver.  A  mill  of 
four  320-pound  stamps  and  one  four-foot  concentrator  was  erected  In  1896  on 
a  millsite  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  and  made  a  successful  run,  exact 
results  of  which  were  not  obtainable.  The  running  of  a  2,000-foot  cross'^cut  to 
tap  al  Ithese  ledges  at  depth  Is  contemplated  for  this  season. 

West  of  this  group  E.  P.  Gassman  has  the  American  Eagle  group  of  four 
claims  on  a  parallel  four-foot  ledge  with  two  feeders,  and  a  shaft  Is  down  ten 
feet  on  It  showing  ore  which  assayed  from  $27  to  $125  gold.  A  cross-cut  has 
been  run  sixty  feet  to  tap  the  main  ledge,  which  would  also  be  struck  by  the 
proposed  cross-cut  on  the  Aurora  group.  On  a  twenty-four  Inch  ledge  on  the 
Vldette,  A.  P.  Boyls  Is  sinking  a  shaft  showing  similar  ore. 

On  another  parallel  ledge  to  the  southwest  P.  A.  Stanton  and  James  Orleve 
have  the  two  Bronco  claims.  A  thirty-foot  tunnel  has  been  driven  on  a 
four-foot  ledgp  of  sulphurets  and  arsenical  iron,  and  100  feet  below  another 
tunnel  is  in  110  feet,  striking  a  26-Inch  feeder.  A  sackful  of  ore  shipped  to 
the  Tacoma  smelter  returned  $13S  and  assays  have  run  $140  to  $180. 

Also  on  Mammoth  Mountain,  J.  H.  Topping,  of  Seattle,  has  the  Topping 
on  a  six-foot  ledge  of  free  milling  and  concentrating  ore,  on  which  an  inclined 
shaft  is  down  thirty-three  feet,  and  a  cross-cut  has  been  started.  Two 
assays  ran  $60  and  $37  gold,  $23  and  $3  silver.  The  Prince  group,  owned  by  Mr. 
Topping,  J.  A.  Johnson  and  Mrs.  J.  F.  Cummings,  of  Seattle,  comprises  five 
claims  on  a  ledge  of  sulphuret  ore  traced  through  the  whole  string  across 
the  head  of  the  river,  with  one  claim  on  the  Topping  ledge.  A  tunnel  has 
been  run  a  short  distance. 

On  the  south  side  of  Mammoth  Mountain  is  the  Fish  Eagle,  owned  by 
James  Grieve  and  K.  W.  Dunlap,  on  a  great  outcrop  of  copper  ore  stained  red 
with  oxidized  iron,  blue  with  bromide  of  copper  and  black  with  oxide  of  cop- 
per, at  least  forty  feet  wide.  A  cross-cut  tunnel  has  been  driven  262  feet  to 
tap  the  ledge  at  a  depth  of  190  feet  and  4s  expected  to  strike  it  in  twenty-flve 
or  thirty  feet  more. 

On  a  sharp  granite  peak  at  the  head  of  one  of  the  forks  of  the  Icicle   but 
reached  by  a  trail  branching  off  for  three  miles  from  the  Cle-elum  road   Is  the 
King  Solomon   Mine,   owned  by  James  .Grieve,   K.   W.   Dunlap  and   August 
Basse,  where  development  has  been  prosecuted  with  fifteen  to  twenty  men 
The  ledge  cuts  through  this  peak  In  a  north  and  south  course  and  is  of  white 

2,f?ir*«'  fto'i^  i'^^^  '^^^  ^'i^-  ..f*  '^^'••^^^  /^'«"a'  antlmonlal  silver  and  gold 
with  a  trace  of  copper,  and  will  average  $133,  mostly  In  gold.  Assays  of  the 
rich  streaks  give  $180  gold,  60  ounces  silver,  22  per  cent.  lead.  A  tunnel  wkS 
first  driven  300  feet  from  the  summit  and  is  now  In  130  feet  on  the  ledge  Ind  IS 
upraise  has  beea  made  for  twenty-two  feet,  from  which  the  ore  is  belS2 
Btoped  out  for  smelting  The  same  ledge  has  been  traced  1.200  feet  over  thf 
summit  of  the  peak  and  down  a  gulch  on  the  north  side,  in  which  °t  croM 
eight  feet  wide  between  granite  walls  100  feet  high.  A  tunnel  has  p  "en  drlvS! 
fifteen  feet  at  this  point,  where  Mr.  Grieve  has  the  Silver  riend.  and  a  cross- 
cut will  be  driven  200  feet  to  tap  the  ledge  near  the  King  Solomon  line  On 
an  eight-foot  ledge  parallel  with  the  Silver  Fiend,  and  carrylnTsiml^ar  ore 
Messrs.  Grieve,  Gassman  and  Dunlap  have  the  Humbug  on  which  th^v  are 
tunneling.  On  the  next  gulch  east  of  the  Silver  Fiend  Messrs  rtriiif J  «,Ih 
Basse  and  Mrs.  Churchill  have  the  Last  Chance  on  a  s^x-foot Tedg?  c^^^ 
gold  lead  and  plumbago,  assays  giving  $4.30  In  gold.  A  cross-cSt'  hfTfeSS 
run  thirty  feet  and  a  shaft  sunk  twenty-five  feet     On  another  ««*/««♦  liSS 


parallel 
feet  on 
several 


twenty  feet  long,  which  assavs  ahonf  J?l  in  ITv!:^!  ^f,"®^  by  tunnels  forty  and 

K,5.T„"n^s  x?S^  EfJi^^^^^^ 


.V* 


■\   OS 
•  M 


M 

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.11. 


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M 
M 
M 

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iS8 


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■  >"' 


^->i»iii|iimjiiiiiMiilMnitti.-. 


INOtX. 
i.  I'riiiue. 
'I  TuppUif. 

3.  Vlileltti. 

4.  Kugla. 
b.  Aurora. 

6.  Hroiicu. 

7.  Laat  Uafle. 

8.  Whllu  Star 
V.  Bllvur 

I'lend. 

10,  Kliit. 

Hulumon. 

11.  LuMt 

Chance. 
U.  131b  UuS- 

13.  Kooky 

Point 

14.  (jueen  of 

the  Hills. 

15.  JuHt  ln_^ 

10.  Qold 

Mountain. 

17.  Maytlower, 

18.  Mountain 

Chief. 

19.  Mountain 

Uellu. 
30.  Qoldcn 

KaKle. 

21.  Piper 

HledHleck. 

22.  St.  Paul. 

23.  Mount 

Whistler. 

24.  Morning' 

Star. 
m.  Sliver 


Queen, 
fill 


26.  Red  fiirdV 

27.  Fountain 
^        of  Qolrt. 

28.  Ballard. 

29.  Jted  Eagle. 

30.  Family. 

31.  Sherman. 

32.  Wlslahln. 

33.  Ohamer. 

34.  Standard. 
36.  Klnsr  of 

Sweden. 

36.  Eureka. 

37.  Grey  EagU 

38.  'nptop. 
3».  Twin. 

40.  Jumbo. 

41.  White 

Water. 

42.  Rushing 

Water. 

43.  Ruhy  King 

44.  Lake  City. 
46.  Trio. 

46.  Nugget. 

47.  Mountain 
43.  Helm. 

49.  Orphan. 

60.  Jo\i  Bug. 

61.  Midway. 

62.  fTuckle- 

berry. 
hi.  lia  KImore 
54.  Jllver 

Dump. 
56.  3rown 

Bear. 
.W.  :;ascade. 
67.  auby. 
58,  3eaver. 
69.  tfaud  C. 
60,  ::ie-Elum. 
81.  ?awk. 
62.    'I  Ass. 
6!  I    Bpha. 

65,  5oyle. 

6i  lohnson.     ' 

66,  Iwayne  & 

halght. 

66.  Jrown 

Point. 

67.  3utte. 

68.  Irand 
View. 

Chesapeake 
Ceystone. 
ron  Duktt. 
ron  King, 
ron  Boss. 
^e  River, 
ron 

Monarch, 
ron  Prince 
ron 

Monitor, 
ron  Clad, 
ron  Ship. 
«adea 

Queen, 
leader, 
■on 
.    Tankee. 
he  Ta- 

coma. 
unset, 
ard- 

scrabble, 
onqueior. 
'orninsr 
r     -Star, 
far  Eagle. 

John. 
k;  I'Uke. 
horp. 
ihn  C. 


69. 
70, 
71. 
71 
71 
7t 
15. 

76. 
77. 

78. 
79, 
». 

IL 

a. 


ti 


7^ 


•  tOi) 


.o-ifc£kit  riifftCR'^IO 


.i^Vi /■■<!   »; 


V 


"aswHift'.iyi  ci>'«ia«'»'lhrT/i«  <»*♦**»< 


MIKINO    IN    THH    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Ian  «lghtecn-lnch  pay  streak  aaaaylng  $8  to  $60.     Th«  Mcond  ledge  bHowh  three 
I  feet  of  ore  In  an  open  cut  and  the  third  Hhowa  thirty  inches  on  the  surface. 

On  the  divide  between  l<'ortuno  Creek  and  the  Teanaway  the  Hallard  Gold 
Mining  A  Milling  Company  has  the  two  Tip  Top  claims  on  parallel  ledges. 
I  One  Is  Shown  by  a  thlrtv-flve  foot  shaft  to  widen  from  three  to  eight  feet  and 
[carries  $14  to  $20  gold,  silver  and  copper  in  sulphurets  and  carbonates  of  c  jp- 
lpi»T.  The  other  ledge  Is  similar  In  character.  The  same  company  has  the 
lOoid  Mountain  near  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  on  which  a  small  tunnel  shows 
I  two  feet  of  free  milling  ore. 

A  mile  above  the  mouth  of  the  creek  the  Mountain  Chief  Gold  Mining 
ICompany  has  the  Mountain  Chief  on  a  three  and  one-half  foot  ledge  of  talc 
■between  walls  of  graiilto  and  black  quartz.  An  Incline  following  the  ledge  at 
Ian  angle  of  46  decrees  shows  black  oxide  of  copper  assaying  from  10  to  40  per 
loent.  copper,  and  a  trace  to  $104  gold,  the  average  being  about  $30  gold.  On 
|Qtge»ten»lon  up  the  mountain  the  Fortune  Creek  Mining,  Milling  &  Smelting 
ICompany  has  the  Mountain  Belle,  In  which  an  open  out  makes. an  equally 
|good  showing. 

The   Mayflower,   which   Is  on   the  extension  of  one  of  the   Rocky  Point 

iledges,  Is  owned  by  Dr.  C.  S.  Emery  and  H.  F.  Welse,  of  Ballard.     It  has  a 

lledge  of  crystallized  quartz.  In  which  two  small  tunnels  have  shown  about 

■thirty  Inches  of  pay  ore  carrying  $14  gold,  larK«'ly  free.     On  the  extension  of 

lone  of  the  Rocky  Point  ledges  to  the  river,  wltli    wo  others  parallel,  Mr.  Welse 

|and  8.  Kedzie  Smith  have  the  Big  Bug.     On     >edge  Is  seven  feet  of  quarts 

carrying  ruby  silver  and  bromides,  another  of  undeflned  width  carries  copper 

pyrites;   the  third  carrier  'itrtaks  of  Iron  and  copper  sulphides  In  a  black 

luartz  gangue.     On  the  &!ayflower  ledge  Mr.  Welse  has  the  Just  In  Time,  on 

rhlch  a  ten-foot  shaft  has  shown  six  feet  of  free  milling  ore  assaying  $46  to 

178  «old  and  a  little  silver. 

The  Queen  of  the  Hills,  owned  by  John  Kelly  and  John  Bailey,  has  a  flve- 
Coot  ledge  on  which  a  tlfteen-foot  tunnel  has  shown  free  gold  and  sulphuret 
»re,  assaying  $0.46  gold.  On  the  WhlppoorwIU,  R.  S.  Ward,  of  Ballard,  has 
Ihown  three  and  one^half  feet  of  similar  ore  to  the  Mountain  Chief  on  an 
Bight-foot  opt  ii  out. 

The  Standard  and  Ohamer,  owned  by  George  W,  and  B.  H.  Terwllllger  and 
)le  Ohamer.  of  Ballard,  are  on  three  parallel  ledges,  two  about  three  feet  and 
the  third  twenty  inches.  Kxtenslve  open  cuts  have  been  made  on  all  three, 
Bhowinp  Hulphldes  carrying  gold,  sliver  and  copper.  The  twenty-Inch  ledge 
issays  $13  gold  and  contains  a  rich  one-Inch  streak  carrying  native  lead. 
There  are  fifty  tons  on  the  dump.  Adjoining  these  the  Terwllllger  brothers 
ind  Ralph  Miles  have  the  two  Ruby  King  claims  on  a  six-foot  ledge  discov- 
ered In  September,  1896,  on  which  an  eight-foot  shaft  has  shown  seven  inches 
it  sulphides  and  antlmonial  sliver,  one  assay  running  643  ounces  silver,  $M 
fold.  On  a  twenty-four  Inch  ledge  of  sulphides  crossing  the  Ruby  King  the 
rerwllllgers  have  the  Lake -Olty.  -  Above  these -the  two  Rushing  Water 
plalms,  owned  by  the  Terwllllgers,  are  on  a  forty-foot  ledge  of  quartz  carry- 
^g  free  gold  and  sulphurets  and  assaying  $5  gold  and  silver  on  the  surface. 
>n  the  Twin  group  of  four  claims,  the  Terwllllger  brothers  have  three  parallel 
knd  two  cross  ledges.  One  of  these  carries  two  feet  of  copper  sulphides  In  a 
Bfteen-i'oot  tunnel,  an  assay  showing  $23  gold,  silver  and  copper,  and  another 
brops  thirty  feet  wide  and  shows  quartz  carrying  galena  and  sulphides  In  an 
Wght-foot  cross-cut.  At  the  head  of  the  north  fork  John  Berg  and  John 
Kelley,  of  Roslyn,  have  the  Tip-Top  No.  1  on  a  thirty-Inch  l«ge,  carrying 
lold,  sliver  and  copper  In  sulphurets,  which  a  flfteen-foot  shant  shows  to  be 
Hdenlng.  John  Orosso,  John  Somers  and  Adolph  Eisner,  of  Roslyn,  have  the 
lary  on  a  seven-foot  ledge  which  assays  $9  gold,  $6  silver,  1  per  cent,  copper, 
^d  Is  believed  to  carry  nickel. 

On  the  left  bank  of  the  creek,  running  to  the  summit,  Is  the  Family  group 
>f  four  claims  on  a  great  body  of  low  grade  ore,  owned  by  E.  O.  Marsh, 
Lndrew  Teuke,  Henry  Langenbacher,  Charles  Sears,  of  Ballard,  and  A.  C. 
powman,  of  Seattle.  This  body  of  ore  crops  eighty  feet  wide  on  the  summit 
Id  225  feet  wide  at  a  lower  point,  where  It  Is  cut  by  a  small  creek,  and  has 
syenite  hanging  and  granite  foot  wall.  The  ledge  matter  is  talcose  quartz 
"ith  talc  gouge  and  Is  mineralized  throughout  with  flne-gralned  white  Iron 
ilphurets.  A  tunnel  has  been  driven  thirty-three  feet,  running  Into  a  hard, 
irk  quartz,  and.  a  cross-cut  runs  ten  feet  towards  the  hanging  wall,  all  In 
re  which  assays  $1.80  gold,  20  cents  sliver.  On  a  supposed  spur  from  the 
immtt  outcrop  of  this  ledge  Thomas  and  Don  Smith  have  the  two  Don  Tom 
^Ims,  on  which  surface  ore  assays  $2.27  gold  and  silver.  On  the  same  gulch 
the  Family  group  William  McKasson,  John  H.  Corblns  and  Mayor  H.  P. 
Ipgh,  of  Roslyn,  have  the  two  Mountain  Whistler  claims  on  a  parallel  ledge 
:  similar  ore  fourteen  feet  wide,  shown  In  a  surface  cut  twenty  feet  long 
ud  twenty  feet  deep. 

On  the  next  gulch  below,   the  Clermont  Gold   Mining  Company  has  the 

liver  Queen  group  of  two  claims  on  two  parallel  ledges,  one  of  which  shows 

Tree  and  one-half  feet  wide  in  a  fifty-foot  tunnel  and  carries  $16  gold,  $2.30 

|ver  In  sulphurets.     There  are  seventy  tons  of  ore  In  the  ore  house.     Above 

ese  «51alm'B*'Terwllllger  brothers  and  Ote  Ohamer  have  tbe-tw<>Gk>J«lbug 

ilms  on  a  foui  -foot  ledge  showing  free  gold  In  an  eighteen-foot  open  cut. 


64 


M-NING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Li.  F.  McConli  a,  of  Roslyn,  and  W.  E.  Head,  of  Seattle,  have  a  four-foot 
ledere  of  sulphuret  ore  assaying  $18  gold  on  the  Gambler's  Dream. 

At  the  mouth  of  Fortune  Crsek  the  Fortune  Creek  Mining,  Milling  and 
Smelting  Company  has  erected  a  mill  with  two  600-pound  stamps,  of  which 
the  wcfj^ht  and  number  of  drops  will  be  Increased  by  coll  8pi;Ings  forcing 
them  down.  The  river  has  been  dammed  to  produce  fall  enough  to  run  a 
water  wheel,  which  was  ready  to  turn  last  summer,  but  was  carried  out  by 
the  fall  floods.  The  company  has  also  shipped  in  a  pyrltlc  water-jacket 
smelter  of  twenty  tons  dally  capacity,  which  will  be  erected  In  the  spring. 

The  great  copper  belt  extends  for  seven  miles  northwest  and  southeast 
from  the  base  gf  Mount  Hawkins  through  the  Teanaway  watershed  to  the 
source  of  IngaHs  Creek  at  the  base  of  Mount  Stuart,  and  Is  covered  with  loca- 
tions for  the  whole  distance.  Therji  are  two  main  ledges,  which  have  been 
traced  on  the  surface  at  intervals,  one  being  tlfteen  to  twenty  feet  and  the 
other  five  feet  and  upwards,  v/ith  walls  of  granite  and  porpnyry  on  one  side 
and  granite  and  .serpentine  on  the  other.  Both  carry  red  and  black  oxide  of 
copper  and  masses  of  native  copper  weighing  400  pounds  and  upwards,  the 
ore  always  having  a  considerable  gold  value  as  well. 

The  most  easterly  group  is  the  Grandview  of  three  claims,  owned  by 
Paul  Gaston,  J.  T.  Hamilton  and  Dr.  R,  C.  Corey,  on  which  one  ledge  crops 
ten  to  twelve  feet  wide.  In  a  tunnel  sixty  feet  long  at  a  depth  of  eighty  feet 
is  a  pay  streak  elohteen  to  forty-eight  inches  wide,  in  which  bodies  of  native 
copper  frequently  occur,  surrounded  by  black  oxide.  The  lowest  assays  have 
shown  10  per  cent,  copper  and  $6  gold,  and  the  value  has  run  as  high  as  60 
per  cent,  copper  and  $15  gold.  A  cross-cut  has  been  started  to  tap  this  ledge 
at  a  depth  of  140  to  150  feet.  Ther  come  the  Butte  group  of  three  claims, 
owned  by  the  Anaconda  of  Washington  Copper  &  Gold  Mining  Compt'.ny, 
on  which  two  open  cuts  have  defined  the  smaller  ledge  to  be  three  to  fourteen 
feet  wide,  and  the  Crown  Point  group  of  five,  owned  by  Messrs  Gaston,  Corey 
and  Hamilton,  where  the  ledge  is  shown  up  by  an  open  cuv  ^nd  has  been 
stripped.  The  Swayne  and  Haight  group  of  seven  claims,  bonded  to  D.  N. 
Baxter,  adjoins  on  the  west,  having  a  120-foot  tunnel  showing  good  r' .  in  one 
ledg  e.  The  Johnson  group  of  eight  claims,  owned  by  Messrs,  Gaston,  Corey 
and  Hamilton,  has  a,  fifteen-foot  shaft  and  several  open  cuts  showing  a  streak 
of  native  copper  two  to  twelve  inches  wide  for  the  whole  length.  The  Boyls 
STOup  of  eight  claims  on  both  ledges,  owned  by  A.  P.  Boyls  is  Vionded  to 
Messrs.  Corey  and  Hamilton.  The  wider  ledge  has  been  opened  by  tunnels 
forty,  seventy,  ninety  and  20O  feet,  giving  a  depth  of  300  feet  and  blocking 
out  1,000  tons  of  ore  °imllar  to  that  in  the  Grandview  and  assaying  10  to  48 
per  cent,  copper.  On  the  smaller  ledge  are  tunneW  thirty  and  100  feet,  ore 
from  which  carried  48  per  cent,  copper  and  about  JIO  gold  and  silver.  A  ledge 
o*  free  milling  ore  eighteen  to  thiriy-slx  Inches  wide  and  assaying  from  ^5 
to  $li5  go''!  on  the  surf  ace' crosses  these  two  at  right  angles. 

The  first  discovery  ort  Mofmt  Hawkins  was  three  parallel  ledges  .  rylng 
iron  sulphurets,  on  each  of  which  two  claims  have  been  taken.  •  In  i^.>  Cle- 
Blum  and  Hawk  group  A.  P.  Boyls  find  VV.  B.  Kelly  have  four  claims,  two 
on  each  of  the  lower  two  ledges.  One  shows  two  to  five  feet  wide  in  a  i1*ty- 
foot  inclined  shaft,  from  which  assays  averaged  about  $50,  though  a  sample 
across  the  bottom  is  said  to  have  shown,$455  gold.  A  120-foot  cross-cut  will 
tap  this  shaft  in  thirty  feet  more,  On  the  other  ledge  an  Incline  of  thirty 
feet  shows  it  to  be  eight  to  ten  feet  wide,  carrying  $25  gold  and  a  little  silver. 
The  I-i-ass,  owned  by  P.  J,  Flint,  is  on  the  third  ledge,  which  is  defined  as 
forty  feet  wide  by  a  cross-cut,  and  has  a  pay  streak  In  the  cropplngs  four 
or  five  feet  wide,  assaying  $25  gold  and  upwards,  with  a  little  silver.  On  the 
extension  Moses  Emerson  and  John  O'Nell  have  t,he  Kpha  and  an  extension 
showing  four  to  six  feet  of  quartz  carrying  $7.20  gold  and  an  ounce  of  silver 
on  the  surface. 

On  the  west  spur  of  Mount  Hawkins  is  the  Ida  Elmore,  owned  by  Messrs. 
Hawkins,  Grieve  and  Dunlap,  on  which  a  tunnel  ci.'-ty-six  feet  shows  a  ledge 
eighteen  to  thirty-six  Inches,  assaying  $45  free  gold  and  $82  gold  In  sulphurets. 
A  cross-cut  has  been  run  23G  feet  to  tap  it.  On  a  parallel  ledge  la  the 
Maud  O.,  owned  by  A.  D.  Olmstead,  C.  O.  Bwayne  and  A.  W.  Haight,  of 
Roslyn,  E.  W.  Wilson  and  C.  W.  Sill,  of  Seattle.  A  tunnel  and  Incline  have 
been  run  147  feet  on  the  ledge,  showing  eighteen  inches  of  solid  free  milling 
ore,  of  which  an  average  assay  gave  $74  gold  and  $1  silver.  A  small  stamp 
mill  has  TSeen  bought  for  this  property  and  will  be  erected  when  tie  snow 
goes  off.  Near  the  mouth  of  Camp  Creek  J.  C.  Jackson  and  Charles  Eaton 
have  the  Beaver  <in  a  four-foot  ledge  between  granite  walls,  on  which  a 
tunnel  is  In  thirty-five  feet.  The  ore  assays  $18  gold,  sliver  and  copper  In 
sulphurets. 

The  Ruby  group  of  two  claims  has  five  closely  parallel  ledges,  which  have 
been  traced  acrous  the  rJver  to  Goat  Mountain,  and  is  owned  by  H  F  Weise 
and  S.  Ktdzic  Smith.  One  ledge  of  great  size  has  a  fifty-foot  tunnel  along 
the  hanging  wall,  which  shows  iron  sulphides  on  the  wall  .and  line-grained 
arsenical  iron  in  a  number  of  strrnks.  assaying  $7.35  to  $28  gold  and  silver 
Another  ledge  Is  nix  or  hq\"^a  feet  between  walls  and  shows  eleven  similar 
seams,  of  arsenical  iron  and  nulpbldes  In  a  small  tunnel.  A  third  ledge  is 
similar  ih  size  and  character  and  the  two  appear  to  be  running  tocwther 
Another  ii*  !?Ixleen  fort  wide,  Flmilar  in  all  respects,  and  the  remaining  «wo' 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


thirty  inches  and  five  feet  wide,  are  also  lllce  them,  exoept  that  thev  carry 
more  copper,  assays  running  $13  to  $20  silver,  $4  to  $5  gold  and  10  n«T  cent 
copper. 

Three  of  these  ledges  show  very  prominently  on  the  extension  up  Goat 
Mountain,  on  which  Messrs.  Weise  and  Smith  have  the  Brown  Bear  proup  of 
three  parallel  claims.  The  widest  is  sixty  feet,  cropping  in  a  gully  where  a 
waterfall  pou.^  over  a  cliff  of  ore  twenty- five  feet  high.  A  ten-foot  tunnel 
shows  "alena  and  sulphides  assaying  $4  ,.85  gold  and  silver  and  h  per  cent 
lead,  and  sixteen  feet  of  ore  shows  in  he  cropplngs  and  assays  $63.40  gold 
and  sliver.  The  two  parallel  ledges  are  tiiirty  and  forty  feet  wide,  and  carry 
more  galena,  being  similar  in  other  respects  to  the  first.  On  the  extension 
of  the  same  series  down  the  mountain  to  the  river  the  Jackson  brothers 
located  the  Cascade  in  the  fall  of  1896  and  by  their  tlrst  shot  took  out  $65  ore 
carrying  more  galena  than  on  the  other  claims. 

On  Goat  Mountain  a  good  showing  of  galena  ore  has  been  maJe  by  Curtis 
Homer,  of  Roslyn,  and  Michael  McHugh,  of  Buckley,  on  ^s  Sli^'er  Dump 
nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of  Camp  Creek.  A  tunnel  ha-  ^  e"  dnvon  forty 
feet  c  the  river  bank,  and  shows  an  eighteen-inch  pay  ittik  of  solid 
galena,  assaying  $63  silver  and  some  gold.  Near  this  claJr.  Uavid  Tayne 
Robert  Babcock  and  Charles  Roberts,  of  Roslyn,  have  a  ledgo  of  grcit  width 
which  assays  $35  gold,  $6  silver  and  3  per  cent,  copper.  On  the  southeast 
end  of  Goat  Mountain  William  McKasson  has  the  Hardscrabble  on  a  six-foot 
ledge  carrying  Iron  pyrites  and  capped  with  iron-stained  porphyry.  On  a 
ten-foot  cross  ledgo  of  sirailar  ore  John  H.  Corblns  has  the  Mattie. 

A  great  belt  of  ledges  runs  across  H.owson  Gulch  and  up  the  mountain 
on  the  left  bank  opposite  Red  Mountain,  In  a  northeast  and  southwest  course 
cutting  the  granite,  wh.'le  a  number  of  cross  ledges  run  almost  at  right 
angles.  The  most  active  work  is  being  carried  on  by  the  Morning  K<ar 
Mining  Company,  which  has  seven  claims  on  three  ledges  One  >>t  these 
measures  sixteen  feet  and  a  100-foot  tunnel  shows  the  ledge  niatcer  mineral- 
ized the  full  width.  An  assay  a  few  feet  from  the  mouth  showed  $9.60  go'd 
besides  copper  and  silver.  Another  ledge  crops  eight  feet  wide  and  shows 
white  iron  sulphides  carrying  $5.70  gold  In  a  flfte.in-foot  tunnel,  which  Is  being 
driven  100  feet.  Another  ledge  eight  to  ten  feet  wide  is  being  opened  by  a 
tunnel,  ore  from  which  assays  $7  gold  and  silver. 

On  the  same  belt  John  McDonald,  of  Seattle,  and  William  Campbell  of 
Port  Blakeley,  have  the  War  Eagle  group  of  twenty-eight  \;lalms,  whJch  they 
are  developing.  On  the  War  Eagle  ledge,  six  feet  wide,  are  four  claims,  and 
a  sixty-foot  tunnel  shows  iron  sulphides  the  full  width,  assays  running  about 
$40  gold  and  silver,  mostly  the  former.  Another  seven-foot  ledge  runs 
through  four  claims  and  a  thirty-foot  tunnel  shows  sulphurets  and  molyb- 
denite. Another  claim  is  on  a  twenty-six  foot  ledgf,  on  which  a  fifteen-foot 
tunnel  shows  galena  and  sulphurets  its  whole  width,  assaying  $8  to  $10  gold 
and  silver.  An  eight-foot  ledge  running  through  two  claims  is  opened  by  a 
ten-foot  tunnel,  now  being  extended,  and  has  been  stripped,  the  surface  ore 
carrying  $5  free  gold.  A  forty-foot  tunnel  shows  galena  ore  carrying  $8  or  $9 
gold  and  silver  in  a  six-foot  ledge  and  a  tunnel  of  the  same  length  shows 
sulphide  ore  in  a  four-foot  ledge. 

At  the  head  of  Boulder  Creek,  on  the  summit  of  the  rldg^  between  the 
Teanaway  and  the  Cle-Elum.  Is  a  gre.  porphyry  dike  running  southeast 
and  northwest,  which  is  fully  100  feet  \  :de  and  spreadj  at  one  point  to  a 
greater  width.  It  is  veined  with  qu»'  ;z  ledges  four  to  twenty  feet  wide, 
carrying  gold,  silver  and  nickel.  On  t>  i  Keystone  group  of  ten  claims,  owned 
by  Adolph  Eisner,  John  Grosso  and  Joi.n  Somers,  of  Roslyn,  is  a  ledge 
twenty  feet  wide,  in  which  a  twenty-foot  shaft  shows  a  twenty-four  Incli 
pay  streak  assaying  8  to  18  per  cent,  quicksilver,  $2.40  to  $16  gold.  On  an 
eight-foot  ledge  a  twonty-eight  foot  tunnel  shows  six  Inches  of  talc  on  each 
wall,  which  assays  214  to  8  per  cent,  quicksilver,  $5  to  $24  gold,  besides  nickel. 
A  cross-cut  has  been  driven  thirty-two  feet.  The  Chesapeake  group  of  five 
claims  was  located  In  1896  on  the  northeast  end  ot  the  dike  by  John  Mulligan 
and  others.     The  surface  ore  assayed  $13  gold. 

One  of  the  famous  claims  of  this  district  is  that  located  by  the  late  Elvin 
Thorp  ten  years  ago  on  Red  Mountain  and  now  owned  by  Edward  Pruyn 
and  J.  B.  Davidson,  of  Ellensburg.  The  ledge  Is  iron  pyrites  twelve  feet 
wide  under  a  red  lion  cap,  and  assays  have  ranged  from  $18  to  $165  in  gold, 
silver  and  copper.  A  tunnel  was  run  240  feet  on  the  ledge  by  the  ori^nal 
owners.  On  the  northeast  extension  J.  S.  MoConlhe  and  Jacob  Welsh  have 
the  John  C  and  on  one  of  the  peaks  William  McKasson  ann  J  ihn  H.  Corblns 
have  the  St.  John  and  St.  Liike  on  a  ledge  eighteen  feet  wide. 

The  famous  Cle-Elum  Iron  Mines,  which  may  yet  turn  out  to  be  gold  and 
copper  mines,  are  on  a  seven-foot  ledge  showing  red  hematite  and  magnetite 
In  the  croppings,  which  assays  56  per  cent,  metallic  iron.  It  has  been  traced 
two  miles  down  the  river  and  boars  eastward  across  the  Teanaway  to  the 
headwaters  of  the  Peshastln.  On  this  ledge  the  Pacific  Investment  Company 
has  twelve  patented  claims,  on  which  It  ran  a  number  of  tunnels  and  surface 
cuts. 

Placer  gold  is  found  throughout  the  bars  of  the  Cle-elum  River  and  has 
been  mined  spasmodically  for  many  years,  but  the  gjld  is  mostly  fine  and  the 
best  pay  would  probably  be  found  on  the  bedrock  ot  the  old  channel.    Several 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


parties  are  working  to  reach  bedrock,  among  them  Mcdsrs.  Hicks  and  Jones 
near  the  mouth  or  Fortune  Creek,  L.  F.  McConlhe  on  the  Princeton  bar, 
John  H.  Corblns  and  William  McKasson  at  the  Battle  Ax  camp.  The  high 
barsi  on  the  sldehlUs  are  evidently  old  river  wash  and  skill  and  persistence, 
backed  by  money,  migrht  show  good  pay  on  bedrock,  but  It  Is  probable  that 
only  hydraullcking  on  a  large  scale  would  be  profitable.  Until  the  last  year 
work  was  confined  to  the  low  bars,  from  which  Theodore  Cooper,  James 
Wxight  and  John  Lind  took  |400  in  1895  In  coarse  gold  with  some  pieces  of  plati- 
num at  the  China  camp.  R.  De  Witt  and  William  Taylor  have  wing-dammed 
the  channel  at  Big  Salmon    le  Sac  and  taken  light  gold  from  bedrock. 


THE    ICICLE. 

The  mountain  walls  between  which  this  stream  flows  from  the  snows  of 
Mount  Stuart  Into  the  Wenatchee  offer  an  inviting  field  to  the  prospector,  m 
which  he  has  barely  begun  to  uncover  the  mineral.  If  the  discoveries  already 
made  may  be  taken  as  an  earnest  of  what  remains  to  be  found,  this  is  as 
rich  a  part  of  the  Cascade  mineral  belt  as  many  already  described.  It  lies  In 
a  direct  line  with  districts  which  make  good  showings,  on  the  north,  south 
and  west,  being  divided  by  a  single  mountain  ridge  from  the  headwaters  or 
the  Cle-elum. 

The  district  is  reached  from  either  the  Northern  Pacific  or  the  Great 
Northern  Railroad.  The  former  is  left  at  Cle-elum,  122  miles  from  Seattle, 
a  branch  line  follov.ed  to  Roslyn,  four  miles,  and  the  wagon  road  followed 
up  the  Cle-elum  Valley,  twenty-five  miles,  to  the  mouth  of  Scatter  Creek. 
Thence  a  horse  trail  leads  three  miles  over  the  divide  to  the  headwaters  of 
the  Icicle.  The  Great  Northern  Railroad  may  be  taken  to  Leavenworth, 
151  miles  from  Seattle,  and  thence  a  trail  leads  up  the  Icicle  thirty  miles  to 
its  head. 

The  greatest  discovery,  and  the  one  having  most  development,  is  on  the 
Pickwick  group  of  thirteen  claims,  from  which  the  Pickwick  Mining  and 
Development  Company  expects  to  ship  ore  this  season.  This  is  a  great  deposit 
of  decomposed  quartz,  carrying  copper  carbonates,  sulphides  and  bornlte, 
which  covers  a  great  but  undefined  area  in  the  basin  at  the  head  of  Phantom 
Creek,  an  affluent  of  the  Icicle  near  its  source.  It  has  been  traced  over  a 
space  6,000  by  145  feet  and  its  boundaries  were  not  found.  From  an  open  cut 
thirty  feet  long  a  shaft  was  sunk  forty  feet  and  cross-cuts  made  from  the 
bottom  seventy-five  feet  one  way  and  forty-five  feet  the  other,  and  all  the 
rock  cut  through  had  the  minerals  already  mentioned  disseminated  through 
it.  A  mill  test  of  this  rock  showed  it  to  carry  15  per  cent,  copper,  $14  gold, 
$5.40  silver,  a  total  of  $34.40.  At  another  point  a  tunnel  was  driven  100  feet 
and  a  cross-cut  forty-five  feet  each  way,  and  all  this  work  was  in  ore  carry- 
ing a  smaller  percentage  of  copper  but  more  gold  than  that  taken  from  the 
shaft.  The  company  has  recently  bought  two  adjoining  claims  and  will  make 
a  road  to  connect  with  the  Cle-elum  Valley  road,  with  a  view  to  shipping' 
ore  this  season. 

A  number  of  locations— probably  fifty— have  been  made  during  the  past 
year  on  the  two  forks  of  Jack's  Creek,  which  enters  the  Icicle  about  twenty 
miles  from  Its  mouth,  and  on  some  of  them  work  was  continued  until  snow 
fell  last  winter.  On  one  of  these  A.  F.  and  F.  D.  Estes  ran  a  thirty-foot 
tunnel  on  a  twelve-foot  ledge  assaying  $28  gold  and  copper.  L.  A.  Parker 
and  H.  C.  Castlebury  have  snown  gray  copper  In  a  sixtean-foot  cross-cut  on 
a  ten-foot  ledge,  where  they  have  the  Bald  Eagle  and  Gray  Eagle.  A  five- 
foot  ledge  carrying  arsenical  Iron,  on  the  mountain  overlooking  the  left  fork 
of  Jack's  Creek,  gave  a  surface  assay  of  $1.3,80  gold,  and  extends  through  the 
Blind  Lead  group  of  three  claims  held  by  John  Bjork,  A.  Van  Epps,  H.  L. 
Farle.v  and  Caraille  Massey,  and  four  extensions  held  by  Ed  Gonsur,  with 
MesBrs.  Massey  and  Farley.  On  the  left  bank  of  the  right  fork  of  Jack's 
Creek  a  dike  of  dolomite  and  quartz  is  slightly  mil  erallzed  throughout  with 
white  iron  and  sulphureta,  carrying  gold,  silver  and  nickel,  and  is  opened 
by  a  twenty-alx  foot  tunnel.  On  this  ledge  are  the  Nevada  and  Excelsior, 
held  by  MeBsrs.  Bjork  and  Van  Epps. 


THE    SWAUK. 

In  other  sections  of  Washilngton  placer  mining  has  quickly  become 
dwarfed  in  importance  by  quartz  mining,  hut  on  the  Swauk  and  its  trlbu- 
tarioB  the  former  system  still  holds  pre-eminence.  It  is  only  dbring  late 
yeans  that  discoveries  of  mineral-bearing  rock  have  distracted  attention  from 
the  auriferous  gravel  which  has  yielded  nuggets  large  enough  to  become  the 
tulk  of  th-  state.  The  district  is  easily  accessible,  considering  its  distance 
from  a  riilTttSm:    Fi"Olrt' Seattle  the  route  is  tty  the  Northern  Parlflc  Railroad 


•ININQ  IN  TMI  pli 


m 


•NINO  m  TH«  puciric  HOHTHtitar.    ^^y 


to 
L,ll 
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1 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


67 


to  Cle-elum,  126  miles,  and  thence  by  a  good  wagon  road  sixteen  miles  to 
Liberty,  the  center  of  the  district;  or  by  the  samos  railroad  to  BUeasburg, 
161  miles,  and  thence  by  an  equally  good  road  to  I^lberty,  thirty-six  miles. 
From  Liberty  roads  branch  out  up  the  several  creeks  and  buggies  can  be 
driven  thrrough  the  open,  grassy  pine  woods  in  many  places  where  no  roai 
has  been  made. 

The  gold  of  the  Swauk's  placers  Is  believed  to  have  come  from  Table 
Mountain  on  the  east  and  the  Teanaway  Range  on  the  west,  and  is  found  in 
the  bars  which  cover  old  creek  channels  along  the  banks  of  Williams,  Boulder 
and  Baker  Creeks,  and  of  Swauk  Creek  between  Baker  and  First  Creeks,  a 
distance  of  three  miles  north  and  south  and  about  the  same  east  and  west. 
The  country  rock  is  sandstone  and  slate,  with  dikes  of  basalt  and  porphyry, 
the  bedrock  of  the  old  channels  being  slate,  with  occasional  dikes  of  sand- 
stone and  basalt,  carrying  2  to  3  per  cent,  of  iron,  which  is  locally  known  as 
iron  rock.  One  theory  is  that  the  gold  in  Williams  Creek,  and  in  the  Swauk 
below  that  creek,  came  from  the  summit  of  Table  Mountain,  for  on  this 
level  plateau  there  is  said  to  be  good  pay  dirt,  and  all  its  drainage  runs  Into 
the  Swauk,  and  all  the  valleys  and  gulches  carry  more  or  less  placer  gold. 
However,  the  fact  that  little  gold  has  been  found  in  the  Swauk  above  Baker 
Creek,  and  that  all  the  coarse  gold  is  found  on  the  bedrock  of  old  channels 
between  this  stream  and  First  Creek,  leads  to  the  conclusion  that  the  gold 
deposits  in  the  Swauk  Itself  were  not  washed  down  by  that  stream,  but  by 
its  tributaries,  Baker,  Williams  and  Boulder  Creeks.  The  upper  dirt  carries 
only  fine  gold  in  most  instances,  and  the  miners  do  not  take  the  trouble  to 
attempt  to  save  it,  but  in  the  old  channel  big  nuggets  are  found.  The  char- 
acter of  the  ground  above  Baker  Creek  is  also  different,  for  it  is  all  hill  wash, 
while  below  that  stream  it  is  evidently  channel  wash,  with  boulders  of  a 
different  character.  The  nuggetd  range  in  size  from  a  pinhead  up,  the  larger 
ones  being  generally  rough,  flat  pieces  about  three-quarters  of  an  inch  thick, 
or  in  the  shape  of  a  network  of  wires,  mashed  together  by  the  action  of  the 
water.  They  are  found  in  the  three  or  four  feet  of  dirt  next  to  the  bedrock. 
The  product  of  Williams  Creek  is  worth  $1.50  to  $2  an  ounce  more  than  that 
of  Swauk  and  Baker  Creeks,  as  the  latter  carries  considerable  silver.  The 
Swauk  gold  Is  worth  $13.50  an  ounce,  and  that  of  Williams  Creek  $14.50  to  $15. 
The  good  pay  in  coarse  gold  has  led  the  miners  to  despise  fine  gold  as  not 
worth  the  trouble  of  saving,  yet  It  has  been  proved  by  panning  the  dumps 
that  they  will  pay  well  for  working  ove--,  and  that  more  careful  and  sys- 
tematic work  would  bring  good  results.  Experience  has  shown  that  the  gold 
is  finer  towards  the  mouth  of  a  stream  and  thus  it  is  that  the  nugget  hunters 
have  only  worked  the  bars  for  two  miles  below  Liberty.  That  there  Is  good 
pay  in  the  gravel  bevond  that  point  Is  proved  by  the  fact  that  Chinamen  who 
worked  there  many"  years  ago  earned  $2  or  $3  a  day  to  the  man,  and  that 
shafts  sunk  deeper  than  their  workings  showed  dirt  carrying  twenty  colors 
to  the  pan. 

The  Fraser  River  miners  passed  through  this  district  on  their  return 
southward  without  discovering  Its  wealth.  Bent  Goodwin,  a  deaf-mute,  made 
the  discoverv  by  accident  in  1868,  while  hunting.  Going  to  the  creek  for  a 
drink  at  a  point  a  little  below  John  Black's  present  mine,  he  fished  up  a  piece 
of  gold  worth  $10  or  $12,  which  he  found  lying  on  the  bedrock.  He  and  his 
companions  went  to  work  and  their  success  soon  caused  a  rush  of  miners, 
who  located  the  flats  all  along  the  creek.  Among  them  were  M.  Cooper, 
Frank  Gibbs  and  John  A.  Shoudy.  The  oldest  pioneer  now  working  is  John 
Black,  who  came  about  twenty  years  ago  and  finally  went  to  work  on  the 
high  bars,  half  a  mile  above  Liberty.  In  1893  he  replaced  his  primitive  outfit 
with  a  hydraulic  plant  and  has  since  worked  on  a  large  scale  on  a  bar 
twenty-five  feet  high.  He  uses  six  Hungarian  rlflles  in  thirty  feet  of  sluice 
box,  with  no  quicksilver,  and  saves  nearly  all  the  gold  in  the  first  two  riffles, 
making  no  effort  to  catch  the  fine  gold.  His  biggest  nugget  was  worth  $586, 
while  others  have  weighed  23  and  20  ounces  respectively. 

The  placer  claim  furthest  up  the  valley  now  being  work«jd  Is  on  the  hjgb 

bar  north  of  the   mouth  of  Baker  Creek,  which   has  the  honor  of  having 

:  produced  the  champiop  nugget,  v.-eighing  $1,004.     This  claim  is  now  owned 

[by  Gus  NUson,   who  has  been  drifting  on  bedrock.      On  the  other  side  of 

Baker  Creek  is  a  range  of  six  200-foot  claims,  from  which  the  late  J.  C.  Pike 

itook  out  a  $745  nugget.     These  claims,  which  aggregate  thirty-seven  acres, 

lall  high  bar,  with  ten  to  eighteen  feet  of  dirt  above  bedrock,  are  now  owned 

Iby  W^  A    Ford.     A  tunnel  has  been  run  136  feet  due  west  from  the  rim  of 

bedrock  until  it  reached  a  point  where  it  dropped  off  nine  feet  at  an  art^e 

at  45  degrees  and  the  water  drove  tMe  miners  out.    This  is  suPPOsed  to  be  ttie 

Bid  channel,  from  which  the  gold  has  been  washed  up  *«  th«  high  rim      Mr. 

"i^ord  is  usine  a  hydraulic  and  has  found  nuggets  of  $5  up  to  $300  on  bedrock. 

He  foiind  snots  of  blue  eravel  which  seemed  to  run  back  under  the  mountain 

to  the  welt    a?idth  3  fact,  together  with  the  discovery  In  the  tunnel,  leads 

b  thi  billed  that  the  old  channel  ran  from  northwest  to  southeast  obliquely 

Icross  the  present  one     This  theory  will  e^rj«;*"  the„f allure  to  figf  P^V  «»" 

In  the  Swauk  above  Baker  Creek,  although  the  prbspectlng  in  that  part  or 

'%'he'trex^t^foufclk?ms*S?'t"f  east  belo%  Black's  at^  owned  by  the  Orften 
IrelMlXg  Spany  of  TVoma   -»»«ch  hft*  at  times  leased  them  on  shttWo. 


68 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


but  is  now  tunneling  on  bedrock.  At  tlie  forks  of  Swauk  and  WilUama 
Creeks  Gus  Nilson  has  tunneled  600  feet  on  bedrock  and  drifted  900  feet, 
taking  out  about  $30,000.  L.  H.  Jansen,  of  Tacoma,  is  drifting  on  bedrock  on 
the  two  next  claims.  H.  C.  Jones  and  H.  C.  Dennett,  on  the  two  next 
adjoining  claims,  are  drifting  on  bedrock  under  a  bar  seventy  teet  high  and 
ftnd  the  pay  cHrt  closer  to  bedrock  as  they  go  down  stream.  Beyond  them, 
David,  Thomas  and  George  Livingstone  have  run  a  tunnel  170  feet  to  bedrock 
on  three  claims  and  have  started  another,  taking  out  nuggets  as  large  as 
11  ounces  and  averaging  about  60  cents.  From  one  of  their  claims  three 
nuggets  were  taken  ten  years  ago,  the  m/gest  of  which  weighed  $400  and  the 
smallest  $200.  Next  below  them  John  Mayer  has  sunk  twenty  feet  to  bedrock, 
which  is  here  below  the  present  channel,  has  erected  a  pump  and  raises  dirt 
by  a  whim  from  three  tunnels,  one  of  which  Is  300  feet  long.  On  the  two  next 
claims  Dexter  Shoudy  has  a  tunnel  400  feet,  and  the  furthest  work  down  the 
creek  Is  being  done  by  two  gangs  of  Chinamen,  who  strip  off  the  surface 
dirt  and  wheel  the  pay  dirt  to  sluice  boxes. 

The  placer  mines  of  the  Swauk  were  extended  up  Williams  creek  in  1868 
by  H.  M.  Cooper,  who  found  gold  about  a  mile  above  the  mouth  of  the  creek, 
on  ground  now  Included  In  Thomas  V.  Meagher's  claim,  and  the  workings 
now  extend  two  miles  above  the  mouth.  The  first  prospecting  was  done  in 
Che  creek  bottom,  but  this  was  found  to  give  poor  pay,  and  not  until  the 
bedrock  of  the  old  channel  was  struck  were  good  results  obtained.  It  runs 
a  little  south  of  west  and  north  of  east  and  is  cut  diagonally  by  the  present 
channel  about  a  mile  from  the  mouth.  The  gold  is  all  coarse,  in  pieces  from 
10  <;ents  to  17^  ounces,  and  is  in  flat,  smooth  nuggets.  It  Is  nearly  all  found 
in  the  six  or  eight  Inches  of  dirt  next  to  bedrock;  and  the  miners  rarely 
work  the  upper  dirt. 

The  first  claim  above  the  mouth  is  owned  by  Andrew  Flodin,  who  has  run 
about  400  feet  of  tunnel  on  bedrock.  Thaddeus  Neubaur  Is  drifting  on  bed- 
rock. H.  C.  Jones'  claim,  next  above,  is  being  worked  on  shares  by  John 
Doyle,  each  taking  half.  He  has  run  a  drain  race  484  feet  across  the  bedrock 
and  struck  the  pay  streak,  on  which  he  has  since  been  tunneling.  He  finds 
that  the  bar  pays  only  on  bedrock,  but  thinks  it  would  pay  all  the  way 
through  If  worked  in  conjunction  with  the  claims  below.  It  now  pays  S3  a 
day  to  the  man  after  deducting  the  owner's  half,  the  nuggets  weighing  828 
and  less.  Thomas  F.  Meagher  has  three  claims  next  above,  at  ^he  mouth 
of  Lyons'  Gul<  ,  taking  in  all  the  old  channel,  from  which  he  took  out  over 
$15,000  in  1895  wiih  a  hydraulic.  He  has  about  3,000  feet  of  tunnel  and  is  now 
drifting  on  bedrock  from  an  open  drain.  His  gold  is  generally  coarse  his 
largest  nugget  being  $222,  but  there  is  fine  gold  all  through  the  bar.  ' 

G.  E.  H.  Bigney  has  some  extensive  workings  on  the  eighteen  acres  next 
above  Mr.  Meagher's  on  the  high  bars  on  the  left  bank.  He  has  aunte 
an  Inclined  shaft  to  bedrock  136  feet  on  the  upper  Mge  of  the  claim  and  nut 
down  an  air  shaft  ninety-three  feet.  He  has  done  2,805  feet  of  tuniielliiW  on 
bedrock,  and  struck  the  old  channel  160  feet  from  the  face  of  the  bar  at  « 
depth  of  twelve  feet  belov/  the  present  channel,  so  that  he  has  to  Dufnn  to 
keep  clear  of  water.  The  dirt  is  raised  by  a  water-power  hoist  f?om  the 
Incline  and  by  a  whim  from  the  other  shaft.  He  got  the  mine  in  shan«  t« 
produce  in  1892,  and  In  189.1  took  out  about  $16,000.  William  H  Elliott  oSthS 
next  claim,  has  drifted  BOO  feet  on  bedrock  from  one  side  of  the  creek  to  tht 
other,  but  has  not  yet  reached  the  old  channel,  and,  although  he  has  struck 
some  gold,  he  does  not  expect  pay  dirt  till  he  does  so.  Nls  Jensen  whn«« 
claims  adjoins  Mr.  Elliott's^  has  driven  a  tunnel  on  bedrock  250  feet  from  thi 
old  channel  and  another  107  feet,  which  proved  to  be  twenty  feet  abovphoS 
rock  but  has  not  yet  reached  the  pay  streak.  He  finds  "hit  the  whole  b« 
carries  gold,  as  large  as  plnheads  near  the  surface,  and  in  nugget!  runnhS 
up  to  $7:25  near  bedrock.  Louis  Quletsch,  next  abbve  Mr  Jensen  hn«  i»f 
a  tunnel  125  feet  and  drifted  either  way  on  bedrock,  but,  while  he  found  fln2 
gold,  thrre  was  not  enough  to  pay.  and  he  has  lately  turned  h?a  at?Anti«« 
to  quartz  mining.  George  D.  Verdln,  who  owns  the  last  ninni^  fi  i~  °" 
Williams  Cre.k.%as  driven  a  bedrock"  tS^inelTnd  sunkXote^sbifh^ 
transferred  his  energies  to  quartz  claims.  snaris,  but  has 

Placer  gold  was  first  struck  on  Boulder  Creek  bv  W  R  Ha..*  <».  tom 
shaft  was  sunk  for  bedrock  and  struck  the  rim.  from  whl^h  a  cross-c^t  ' 
started,  but  water  forced  a  stoppage  of  work.  The  gold  was  in  smalf  nulx 
the  largest  weighing  one-half  pennyweight.  The  LlvlneBtnnPH  r>r^^l>^"i'^°i 
these  claims  eight  years  ago  aAd  found  mdderatllyL„"5„-.*''"o,d  ^fr^^^''^^ 
feet  below  the  surface  downward.  This  claim  with  anothpPn^iJ^?'"  ^^'i 
two  on  a  gulch  leading  down  to  them  froni  the  right  blnkisnn^°'^"*^*i!^'* 
Thoma.M  p!  Meagher.  C.  C.  Whitaker  and  A  F  ?ork  n.'.H.,!?*?'  "Wned  by 
hydraullcking  on  the  gulch  claims  they  took  out  n?a?lv  $?oa)  fhl'^H*).?'""**"' 
Ing  gold  from  the  grass  roots  down.  It  Is  in  the  form  of  haV^'Jr^L^u^  *'"!!■ 
and  wire  gold.  anJ  ranges  down  to  flour  gold  ThTlarirPHtnw2°3?„""^*^^ 
lieC;  others  weighed  $98.  $95  and  $45.  and  there  was  oSfte  a  nnn,T«2  ^i'"^ 
mosgets.  The  product  brings  about  $15  an  ounce  It  the  nfm^T^nl..®^  *? 
silver  bringing  down  the  value.  AdJolnlnK  the  V^oiiiripr  ??^S  ^'.  .  P®"^  c®"^*' 
firm  Mr.  Hart  has  two  others  one  on  whVh  he  has  fhrprm  „°'**'"",  <>'  I^»■ 
sinking  a  shaft  to  bedrock,  wh he  on  the^ther  two  men  arl  r^nn«n1,™i''i?''i^  *? 
dram.     On  the  claims  next  below  thf  g"ulch  jImeTLTherCd"fnd  aS^^^^^ 


891.     A 
was 

nuggets, 


MINING    IN    THK    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Zlegel  have  sunk  a  shaft  sixty  feet  to  bedrock  and  are  tunneling  from  It. 
They  found  one  nugget  of  $24  and  got  $10  or  $12  In  the  bottom  of  the  shaft, 
but  have  not  so  far  found  enough  to  pay.  Their  work  Is  hampered  1/  wa^er, 
as  bedrock  Is  sixty  feet  below  the  level  of  the  present  creek,  whlCii  t>ie  old 
channel  seems  to  parallel.  Prospecting  \r  also  going  on  above  Mr,  Hart's 
claim  and  in  the  adjoining  gulchta,  but  nowlurc  lias  the  old  channel  been 
reached  or  pay  dirt  been  struck. 

The  miners  of  the  Swauk  have  hitherto  shown  a  decided  repugnance  to 
the  invasion  of  outside  capital,  which  would  work  the  placers  ou  a  largo  scale 
by  modern  methods  and  therefore  more  economically,  but  efforts  are  being 
made  in  this  direction.  Although  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  have 
been  taken  out,  t  ie  ground  has  only  bet  n  worked  enough  lo  prove  its  value, 
only  about  one-ti  ith  of  the  gravel  having  been  worked.  In  fact,  It  may 
fairly  be  said  that  .he  work  so  far  done  Is  practically  equivalent  only  to 
thorough  prospecting.  The  consolidation  of  the  placers  and  tiieir  operation 
as  a  whole,  with  proper  water  pressure,  would  make  good  paying  pioijcrty 
of  all  the  placer  ground,  while  now  the  co.st  of  handling  the  dirt  is  so  high 
in  many  places  that  it  only  pays  ordinary  wages. 

Discoveries  of  free  milling  quartz,  which  is  now  diverting  attention  from 
the  placers,  date  back  to  1887.  when  Thomas  Tweed  and  William  Johnson 
found  a  pocket  on  the  east  bank  of  Swauk  Creek,  opposite  the  mouih  of 
Baker  Creek,  which  carries  wlTe  gold  in  nuggets  ranging  as  high  as  $6,  and 
was  apparently  a  broken  quartz  iedge.  A  sixty-foot  tunnel  showed  a  number 
of  stringers  running  Into  one,  but  no  main  ledge  in  place.  They  built  an 
arraatre  and  ground  between  $10,000  and  $11,000  worth  of  rock  In  It,  twelve 
tons  yielding  $2,200. 

Later  discoveries  show  the  quartz  ledges  to  extend  from  some  distance 
up  Baker  Creek  across  the  Swauk  and  through  the  hllla  cut  by  Williams  and 
Boulder  Creeks  and  Kruger  Gulch.  The  general  course  of  the  ledges  is 
w-orthwest  and  southeast,  the  walls  being  slate  and  the  ledge  matter  blue 
and  bird's-eye  quartz.  The  ore  carries  enough  free  gold  to  make  It  pay  well, 
and  the  miners  grind  It  in  arrastres,  being  content  to  let  the  sulphurets 
escape  In  the  tailings,  but  as  the  ore  grows  baser  at  depth  this  crude  lirocess 
will  have  to  J&e  abandoned. 

George  Hampton  located  the  first  claim,  the  Red,  on  the  hill  between 
Kruger  and  Lyons  Gulches  In  1889.  It  is  n  three-foot  ledge  carrying  about 
$16  gold,  mostly  in  sulphurets.  He  sank  shafts  seventy-nve  and  fifty  feet 
and  cross-cut  200  feet,  taking  out  about  fifty  tons  of  ore. 

Two  years  later  Andrew  Plodln  located  the  First  of  August  on  a  four-foot 
ledge  of  bird's-eye  quartz  between  solid  slate  walls.  He  has  sunk  a  shaft 
ninety-six  feet,  showing  a  pay  streak  twelve  or  thirteen  Inches  wide,  with 
well-defined  walls.  He  has  also  run  a  cross-cut  170  feet,  which  will  strike 
the  ledge  at  a  depth  of  140  feet  in  seventy  feet  more.  In  1894  he  built  a  water- 
power  arrastre  on  Williams  Creek,  with  a  capacity  of  3,200  pounds  a  day, 
and  averaged  $21.23  a  ton  tn  a  year's  run.  On  the  southwest  extension  of 
this  ledge  he  has  run  three  cross-cuts,  r  f  which  the  longest  struck  the  ledge 
in  eighty-five  feet.  He  is  sinking  a  shaft  on  another  ledge  on  the  same  claim, 
of  which  he  has  not  defined  the  width,  the  ore  being  black  slate  veined  with 
quartz. 

The  Brown  Bear  group  of  two  claims  at  the  head  of  Kruger  Gulch,  owned 
by  Keith  W.  Dunlap,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Chapman,  Whitson  &  Parker,  Vestal  Snyder 
and  Matt  Bartholet.  all  of  North  Yakima,  has  a  ledge  about  three  feet  wide 
which  has  assayed  from  $100  to  $140.  A  shaft  is  down  forty-five  feet  and  will 
be  extended  before  drifting  begins.  Below. the  Flodln  claims  on  Kruger  Gulch 
William  Queltsch  has  the  Dandy  on  a  six-foot  ledge  and  has  run  a  tunnel 
twenty-five  feet  on  a  stringer,  which  returned  from  $20  to  $2B  at  his  arrastre. 

On  the  Morning  Dr.  O.  M.  Graves  has  two  ledges  of  bird's-eye  quartz,  one 
sixteen  to  twenty-four  Inches  and  the  other  three  to  four  feet,  the  smaller  one 
assaying  $12.50  free  gold.  A  tunnel  has  been  driven  fifty-five  feet  toward  the 
face  of  the  ledge  and  will  strike  It  In  fifty  feet  more,  having  cut  two  small 
feeders  already.  0».  Graves  has  put  In  a  steam  stamp  mill,  with  one  750- 
pound  stamp  for  prospecting  purposes.  .         ,      „     , 

On  the  extension  of  the  Morning  ledge  Louis  Queltsch  has  the  Bunker 
Hill  on  which  he  has  five  veins  ranging  from  seven  feet  down.  »  A  thirty-foot 
tunnel  on  the  widest  shows  good  fni^  milling  ore.  ^   ,  ,. 

The  ledges  have  been  traced  over  the  hlus  on  both  sides  of  Kruger  Gulch 
and  development  Is  proceeding  there  also.  A.  B.  Morrison  and  Daniel  Morri- 
son have  started  a  tunnel  on  the  Livingstone  ledge  adjoining  the  First  of 
August  on  the  northeast.  On  the  south  side  ol  Williams  Creek  they  have 
sunk  a  shaft  seventy-five  feet  on  a  four-foot  ledge  on  the  Bullion,  run  a  cross- 
cut tunnel  over  100  feet  and  another  sixty  feet  at  a  point  fifty  feet  further 
dotvn,  yielding  $8  a  ton.  Gus  Nllson  and  H.  C.  Condon,  of  Yakima,  have  two 
feet  of  ore  on  the  Great  Wonder.  A  shaft  Is  down  twenty  feet  on  the  ledge 
and  a  forty-foot  tunnel  has  cross-cut  it.  A  few  tons  milled  gave  $35  a  ton 
and  they  nave  built  a  one-ton  arrastre.  On  another  claim  an  eijrhteen-lnch 
cross  ledge  of  $32  ore.  on  which  a  shaft  Is  down  eighteen  feet,  with  a  tunnel 

The  Great  Western  group  of  two  claims,  owned  by  Gus  Nilson.  Evan 
St  ander  and   Charles   Klneth,   has  a   fourteen-foot   ledge,   from   which   the 


70 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWICST. 


four  feet  next  the  footwall  carries  $6  freo  gold  and  a  higher  value  in  sulphur- 
ets,  which  tiiey  have  tapped  with  a  flfty-foot  cross-cut.  Another  ledge  four 
feet  wide  has  a  twelve-inch  pay  streak  carrying  |18  free  gold,  shown  In  a 
sixteen-foo..  shaft. 

On  the  mountain  south  of  the  south  forlc  John  H.  Price  has  the  Wall 
Street  group  of  six  claims  on  a  series  of  parallel  ledges,  two  of  which  are 
cut  by  the  creolt.  One  of  these  shows  up  seven  feet  wide  in  a  forty-foot  shn,ft 
and  sixty-foot  drift  and  carries  $8  free  gold,  besides  aulpliurets.  Anothor  Is 
thirty  Inches  wide  in  an  eighteen-foot  shaft  and  carries  $4  to  $5  free  gold. 
Another,  five  feet  wide,  is  cross-cut  by  a  ]4.'">-foot  tunnel,  which  also  cut  a 
series  of  stringers  two  to  twenty-four  inches  wide,  the  main  ledge  assaying 
$4  free  gold  and  the  smallest  stringer  $10. 

George  W.  Verdln  has  taken  some  of  the  richest  ore  in  the  camp  from  the 
two  forks  of  the  widest  ledge  of  the  Wall  Street  series,  on  which  he  has  the 
Gold  Vein  and  Badger.  One  of  these  shows  a  foot  of  ore  in  tunnels  eighty  and 
100  feet  and  a  small  shaft,  the  average  value  being  $;!0,  though  pockets  have 
run  as  high  as  $1  a  pound  and  several  thousand  dol'ars  were  cleaned  up  from 
one  run  of  an  arrastre. 

A  little  to  the  left  of  the  forks  of  Williams  Creek  G.  W.  Seaton  has  the 
two  Gold  Leaf  claims  on  a  ledge  of  free  milling  ore.  A  shaft  is  down  sixty 
feet  and  Is  Intersected  by  a  tunnel  of  the  same  length.  Another  tunnel  forty 
feet  long  taps  the  ledge  at  a  depth  of  fifty  feet  and  a  third  tunnel  has  been 
run  100  feet  on  the  ledge.  This  work  shows  it  to  widen  to  three  or  four  feet 
and  fifty  tons  milled  in  a  one-ton  arrastre  averaged  over  $30. 

On  the  gulch  running  into  Boulder  Creek,  from  which  they  made  their  rich 
strike  of  placer  gold,  Messrs.  Whitaker,  Meagher  and  York  have  the  two 
Bertha  claims  on  a  ledge  of  porphyritic  quartz,  similar  to  the  rock  found  in 
the  placers  and  carrying  free  gold  of  the  same  character.  It  crops  out  Ave  to 
Blx  feet  wide,  between  walls  of  basalt  and  iron  rock.  They  have  stripped  a 
stringer  from  four  to  eight  inches  wide  running  into  the  ledge,  which  is  richly 
studded  with  small  nuggets.  They  also  have  the  North  Star  on  a  three-foot 
tedge  across  the  gulch. 

Irt  me  next  gulch  above  the  Bertha,  Albert  Tallicut  has  the  Josle  on  two 
small  seams  of  ore  which  he  is  milling  in  an  arrastre,  one  pocket  containing 
25-cent  nuggets.  South  of  Boulder  Creek  Mr.  York  has  the  Uncle  Sam  on  a 
three-foot  ledge,  carrying  $8  free  gold. 

Free  milling  ore  was  discovered  in  the  spring  of  1896  a  mile  above  the 
mouth  of  Baker  Creek  by  George  F.  Nv  Watson.  He  has  the  Green  horn  on  a 
three-foot  ledge  between  walls  of  porphyry  and  iron  rock,  which  gives  1,000 
colors  to  the  pan  In  fine  round  shot  gold.  The  Bobtail,  on  the  norlh  extension, 
owned  by  Irvine  Liggett,  Isaac  Zeran  and  Dr.  H.  B.  Runnels,  shows  twenty 
inches  of  similar  ore  in  a  twenty-foot  shaft.  The  Mary  Ellen,  owned  by  the 
same  parties,  Is  on  a  parallel  ledge  fourteen  to  twenty-four  inches,  showing 
well  in  a  twenty-eight  foot  shaft.  The  Big  Bear  and  Little  Bear,  on  a  four- 
foot  ledge  traced  f  jr  .'?,000  feet,  are  owned  by  F.  D.  Wilson  and  B.  J.  foung, 
and  show  ore  rich  In  coarse  and  flake  gold. 

E.  J.  GafCney  and  F.  W.  Clayton  in  1896  discovered  a  ledge  four  to  sixteen 
inches  wide  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Swauk  below  Liberty,  assays  from  which* 
range  from  $26  upward. 

Some  of  the  more  progressive  miners  in  the  Swauk  district  are  already 
preparing  to  erect  stamp  mills  and  concentrators  and  another  year  is  likely 
to  see  quite  an  increase  in  production  following  upon  such  Improvement  in- 
methods. 


WENATCHEE. 

This  city  is  known  chiefly  as  the  outfitting  point  fon  the  districts  in  Okan- 
ogan county  north  of  it,  being  the  connecting  point  Of  the  Great  Northern 
Railroad  and  the  Columbia  River  steamer  line,  but  it  also  has  the  making  of 
a  mining  caitip  at  Its  back  door,  within  throe  miles  of  it  by  wagon  road  The 
ore  is  low  grade,  bearing  gold  and  a  small  proportion  of  silver  but  Is  in  such 
large  deposits  that,  if  worked  on  a  considerable  scale  with  modern  methods 
and  skillful  management,  it  would  pay  handsome  dividends.  The  deposit  la  a 
great  dike  of  porphyry  in  which  are  numerous  veins  of  quartz,  and  extends 
over  three  miles  in  an  almost  due  north  and  south  course  from  Squilchuck 
Creek  to  Canyon  No.  2,  directly  back  of  the  town,  among  the  foothills  An- 
other parallel  dike  of  almost  equal  size  has  been  located  for  a  distance  'of  five 
miles.  The  principal  work  in  this  district  has  been  done  on  the  Golden  Kina 
group  of  three  claims  located  by  M.  .1.  Carkeek,  of  Seattle,  t.nd  owned  by  thfr 
Golden  King  Mining  Company,  of  Seattle.  ' 

The  dike  is  a  veritable  landmark  In  the  Squilchuck  Canyon,  standing  out 
on  the  north  side,  one  mile  from  tne  Columbia,  from  100  to  150  feet  wide  be- 
tween walls  of  bastard  granite  rising  In  a  great  cluster  of  plnnaoles  and  soiro* 
of  bright  red,  yellow  and  brown  to  a  height  of  150  feet  above  the  road  and 
growing  taller  toward  the  crest  of  the  hill  until  It  reaches  an  elevation  of  50» 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


71 


feet.  The  whole  dike  Is  more  or  less  mineralized,  the  DorDhvrv  oarrvino-  nhnm- 
12  gold  besides  sUv.ir,  but  the  best  value  Is  in  the  QurrtzstrlnKers  which  mn™ 
m  width  from  six  Inches  to  seven  feet,  and  have  given  assaylmnelnefro^w 
to  lie  The  dike  is  so  thoroughly  mineralized  from  th?  very  s^u?face  S.a'^ 
it  could  be  mined  very  cheaply,  in  fact  it  could  be  quarried  out  and  with  « 
large  stamp  mill  could  be  reduced  profitably.  qu'^riiea  oui,  and  with  a 

The  Golden  King  Mining  Company  has  a  mill  with  Ave  500-pouiid  stamns 
operated  by  steam  power,  and  In  1894  began  to  mill  the  surface  ore  which  wrh 
quarried.  The  intention  was  to  mill  only  the  quartz,  but  It  was  norcarefuUv 
sorted,  so  that  a  large  proportion  of  the  less  valuable  porphyry  went  throii^h 
the  battery  and  the  milling  at  times  was  not  over-sklllfUl  Durinl  a  Z?v 
days'  run  of  four  tons  every  twenty-four  hours  11,600  in  bullion  was  taken  ont 
The  mill  was  then  shut  down  in  October,  1894.  and  a  tunne  was  started  at  fh« 
foot  of  the  hill  on  the  roadside  to  develop  the  deposit  at  depth  It  rX  for  th« 
first  100  feet  through  surface  wash  and  slide  rock,  which  requires  heavy  tim- 
bering to  prevent  caves,  and  th«n  runs  for  eighty-six  feet  through  the  dike  at 
an  acute  angle,  cutting  thirty  feet  across  at  right  angles  to  the  course  of  th« 
deposit.  In  this  eighty-six  feet  about  forty  seams  of  quartz  from  six  to  thlrtv 
Inches  wide  were  cut.  their  width  on  the  surface  running  as  high  as  seven  feet 
This  quartz  Is  the  pay  ore  and  there  is  plenty  of  it  to  keep  a  mill  busy  without 
the  lower  grade  porphyry.  Since  the  mill  shut  down  only  assessment  work 
has  been  done  on  the  tunnel  and  several  offers  to  lease  the  property  have  been 
declined.         ' 

Adjoining  the  Golden  King  on  the  south  is  the  Charlotte,  owned  bv  D   P 
Blgelow.  of  Seattle;  Thomas  Groves  and  P.  M.  Scheble,  of  Wenatchee  '  oii 
which   prospecting  shows   seventeen  feet  of  porphyry  veined   with   quartz 
assaying  $6  to  $8  gold  and  silver  on  the  surface.    Parallel  with  the  Golden  Klni 
on  the  west  is  the  Last  Chance,  owned  by  J.  M.  Rae,  on  which  a  tunnel  has 
been  run  a  short  distance.     On  the  main  dike,  extending  northward    are  the 
Gllman,  owned  by  D.  H.  Gllman,  of  Seattle;  the  Eureka,  running  down  to  Dry 
Gulch,  owned  by  Angus  Mackintosh;  the  Sunrise,  on  ths  opposite  side  of  Dry 
Gulch,  owned  by  M.  J.  Carkeek;  the  Tibbie,  owned  by  P.  P.  Shelby  the  Bagley 
owned  by  C.  P.  Converse,  of  Seattle.     The  only  work  worth  mentioning  on 
these  claims  is  a  surface  cut  forty  feet  across  the  dike  on  the  Tibbie.     On  a 
parallel  dike  of  the  same  character  and  carrying  ore  of  the  same  value  200  feet 
In  width,  extending  from  Squllchuck  Creek,  across  Dry  Gulch  and  Canyon  No 
2  to  the  Wenatchee  River,  a  distance  of  five  miles,  claims  have  been  located  by 

William  Parry,  D.  A.  Curry,  W.  B.  Reddy, Lunn.  W.  H.  Merrlam.  Arthur 

Qunn,  George  Evans  and  B.  Ross,  but  the  only  work  has  been  done  by  Mr 
Lunn,  who  holds  two  claims  and  has  sunk  a  shaft  forty  to  forty-flve  feet  from 
the  highest  outcrop. 


PESHASTIN  AND  NEOBO  CREEKS. 

Almost  midway  between  the  two  transcontinental  railroads  which  traverse 
the  state  from  east  to  west  lies  the  district  where  the  first  stamp  mill  in 
Washington  was  erected.  Taking  the  Northern  Pacific  train  from  Seattle  to 
Cle-elum,  122  miles,  one  can  ride  or  drive  to  Blewett,  the  center  of  the  district 
a  distance  of  thirty-two  miles  over  a  good  road ;  or  taking  the  Great  Northern 
train  to  Leavenworth,  160  miles,  one  can  go  over  a  good  road  fourteen  miles 
to  the  mouth  of  Ingalls  Creek  and  thence  by  trail  five  miles  to  the  camp 
furthest  up  Negro  Creek  or  four  miles  to  Blewett,  A  road  four  miles  long 
would  close  the  only  gap  in  the  road  between  the  two  railroads. 

The  mineral  belt  through  which  Peshastin  Creek  flows  northward  Into  the 
Wenatchee  River,  receiving  Ingalls  and  Negro  Creeks  as  tributaries  from  the 
west  and  Ruby  Creek  from  the  east,  has  a  totally  different  geological  forma- 
tion from  the  country  north  and  south  of  it.  To  the  north,  from  a  line  cutting 
across  the  Chlwah  River  some  distance  above  Its  mouth,  is  a  sandstone 
formation  which  terminates  on  the  northwest  about  the  mouth  of  Icicle  Creeks 
a  granite  formation  lying  north  of  It  up  thei  Chlwah  River  to  Red  Hill,  About 
seven  miles  up  the  Peshastin  this  sandstone  gives  way  to  a  series  of  strata  of 
metamorphlc  rocks,  Including  serpentine,  syenite,  dtorite,  magneslan  lime- 
stone, talc,  porphyry,  porphyrltlc  quartzlte  and  granite.  In  the  dikes  of 
porphyritlc  quartzlte  occur  ledges  of  nickel.  Silver  and  copper  ore  and  some 
gold  with  gouges  of  talc,  the  dikes  having  a  general  trend  from  northwest  to 
southeast,  but  bending  generally  more  to  an  east  and  west  line.  On  the  one 
Bide  this  belt  terminates  two  miles  southeast  of  Blewett  &nd  to  the  west  it 

fradually  widens  toward  the  base  of  Mount  Stuart,  which  peak  It  Includes; 
t  extends  into  the  Swauk  district,  where  It  forms  a  badln  and  swings  to  the 
northwest. 

Mineral  was  first  discovered  in  this  district  abbut  1860  by  a  party  of  miners 
returning  from  Fraaer  River,  but  they  only  worked  the  placers  and  gradually 
drifted  away,  one  of  them,  a  negro,  who  foolc  oUt  $1,100  in  a  season  ff-om  the 
bars  at  the  hiouth  of  Nesro  Creek,  giving  that  stream  its  name.  It  was  rot 
till  1871  that  the  first  quartz  legge  was  discovered.     In  that  ycr.r  John  Shafer 


if-wpppip'^plllii 


79 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


located  the  Culver  on  a  ledge  of  free  milling  ore  near  the  summit  of  the  moun- 
tain dividing  the  Negro  Creek  canyon  on  one  side  from  the  Culver  draw  on  the 
other,  but  was  a  short  time  behind  Samuel  Culver,  who  located  the  Poleplck 
on  a  parallel  ledge.  Culver  then  took  the  Humming  Bird  on  another  leave. 
James  Lockwood  staked  out  the  l^obtall  adjoining  It,  and  John  Olden  and 
Peter  Wider  took  the  Fraction;  John  Olden  and  Samuel  Culver  the  Little 
Culver.  All  these  claims,  except  the  Poleplck  and  Little  Culver,  were  shortly 
afterward  bought  by  James  Lockwood  and  his  son,  E.  W.  Lockwood.  and 
H.  M.  Cooper,  who  erected  a  slx-stan-ip  mill  with  one  Frue  vanner,  which  they 
operated  by  water  power.  The  mill  reduced  eight  tons  of  ore  in  twenty-four 
hours  and  the  clean-up  from  the  first  nine  days'  run  was  |2,10O.  The  company 
also  had  an  arrastre  with  a  capacity  of  1,000  pounds  a  day,  of  which  the  pro- 
duct aveEaged  $70  a  day.  After  running  the  mine  and  mill  for  eight  years  this 
company^old  H  to  Thomas  Johnson,  who  shut  down  after  a  short  run.  Then 
arose  the  dl.spuio  as  to  the  ownership  of  the  property,  which  culminated  in  the 
killing  of  William  Donahue  by  Thomas  Johnson  In  1896,  but  this  did  not  pre- 
vent the  sale  in  1891  to  the  Culver  Gold  Mining  Company.  This  company 
erected  a  ten-stamp  mill  with  four  Woodbury  concentrators  and  stretched  a 
bucket  cable  tramway  from  the  mill  to  the  Culver  mine,  one-flfth  mile. 
Some  ore  was  shipped  before  the  completion  of  the  mill,  one  lot  returning  $800 
a  ton. 

In  1892  the  Culver  Company  sold  out  to  the  Blewett  Gold  Mining  Company, 
composed  of  Seattle  capitalists,  and  this  company  set  to  work  to  thoroughly 
develop  the  mine  and  mill  its  ores. 

On  the  Culver  group  are  three  parallel  ledges  between  walls  of  serpentine 
and  porphyry,  that  of  the  Culver  Itself  being  from  two  to  ten  feet  wide,  with 
occasional  bunches  of  ore  sixteen  feet  wide.  The  body  of  the  ore  Is  a  reddish 
gray  quartz  and  there  occasionally  occurs  on  the  walls  a  transparent  green 
talc  with  white  crystals,  through  which,  as  In  a  magnifying  glass,  the  flakes 
of  free  gold  can  be  plainly  seen.  The  Humming  Bird  and  Bobtail  ledge  is  two 
to  four  feet  wide,  and  contains  a  blue  quartz  carrying  a  larger  percentage  of 
sulphurets  than  the  Culver.  The  Fraction  ledge  is  of  about  the  same  size  and 
character  and  runs  higher  in  Iron  sulphurets.  As  depth  Is  attained  the  free 
gold  runs  out  and  the  ore  becomes  base.  The  value  runs  all  the  way  from  $8 
to  $20  in  free  gold  with  occasional  pockets  as  high  as  $700,  and  It  carries  a  trace 
of  silver.  The  group  has  been  developed  by  a  number  of  tunnels  aggregating 
several  thousand  feet,  the  longest  of  which  Is  600  feet,  attaining  a  depth  of  350 
feet  on  the  Humming  Bird. 

The  company  has  erected  a  twenty- stamp  mill  at  the  mouth  of  the  Culver 
draw,  near  the  old  Lockwood  mill,  allowing  space  for  twenty  more  stamp»> 
and  has  four  Woodbury  concentrators,  the  whole  plant  having  boiler  capacity 
for  forty  stamps.  The  bucket  tramway  was  moved  to  the  new  siii  and  the 
mill  equipped  with  every  labor-saving  appliance,  such  as  self-feedeis  to  the 
stamps.  A  steam  sawmill  was  erected  three  miles  up  the  creek  with  a  capacity 
of  10,000  feet  a  day  and  sawed  lumber  for  the  mill  buildings,  the  mine  and 
repairs  to  the  road  and  bridges  over  which  the  machinery  was  hauled  from 
Cle-elum.  The  development  of  the  mine  and  operation  of  the  mill  were  con- 
tinued together  by  the  company  until  1894,  when  the  system  of  leasing  sections 
of  the  mines  to  small  associations  of  mlnerH  was  inaugurated,  and  has  been 
continued  with  good  results  ever  since,  it  being  found  that  when  miners  have 
a  direct  Interest  In  the  product  they  sort  the  ore  more  carefully  than  when 
working  for  wages.  The  company  still  runs  the  mill  and  charges  a  royalty  on 
the  product  and  a  milling  charge,  graduated  up  to  a  certain  value.  Above 
that  figure  the  company  ivnd  the  lessees  simply  share  the  product  on  a 
graduated  scale,  the  company's  share  increasing  the  higher  the  value  of  the 
ore.  Under  this  system  about  sixty  men  are  employed  In  mine  and  mill  When 
both  are  in  full  operation.  During  the  year  1896  the  mill  reduced  2,469  tons  of 
Culver  ore,  from  which  the  extraction  averaged  $12.62  a  ton,  and  473  tons  of 
customs  ore,  from  which  returns  are  not  obtainable.  The  product  of  the 
Blewett  Company  in  bullion  was  about  $60,000  for  the  year  1896. 

It  having  been  found  that  with  the  most  careful  milimg  the  arsenic  in  the 
ore  floured  the  quicksilver  on  the  plates  and  thus  prevented  It  from  catching 
the  gold;  also  that  much  of  the  fine  copper  sulphides  escaped  in  the  slime  in 
the  shape  of  foam,  the  tailings  have  been  reserved  In  dams,  with  a  view  to 
further  treatment  by  some  improved  process.  This  was  established  in  th« 
summer  of  1896  and  is  a  small  cyanide  plant  erected  under  the  direction  of  A. 
J.  Morse  for  Rosenberg  &  Co.,  one  of  the  partie--  of  lessees.  It  has  a  capacity 
of  ten  tons  a  day  and  throughout  the  winter  has  been  treating  the  tailings,  of 
which  600  tons,  containing  from  $3  to  $30  a  ton  In  gold  had  accumulated,  and 
has  extracted  from  70  to  75  per  cent,  of  the  value.  This  plant  has  demon- 
strated the  presence  in  the  ores  of  substances  which  prevent  close  saving  of 
their  values  and  some  modern  process  such  as  the  cyanide  will  be  finally 
adopted  by  the  Blewett  company. 

In  1878  the  Culver  ledge  was  traced  over  the  ridge  to  Negro  Creek  and  the 
Olympia  group  of  five  claims  was  located  on  it,  its  width  averaging  about  four 
feet.  These  claims  were  sold  to  the  Cascade  Mining  Company,  which  ran  a 
tunnel  southward  on  a  stringer  to  the  right  of  the  ledge  on  one  claim  and 
sfruck  two  bodies  of  ore,  of  which  It  followed  the  wall.     On  another  claim  it 


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Thomas  Jol 
of  canvas 
thirty-six  i 
no  to  $132 
cross-cut  tl 
the  way. 
level,  on  w 

Adjolnii 
owned  by  ] 
showing  or 

On  the  ( 
of  Seattle, 
quartz  at  ( 
levels  100  fe 
highest  leA 
milled  at  tl 
of  this  ore 
a  side-Jlgg 
Mining  Cu 
possible  pr 

The  Pes 
William  D 
years  ago. 
who  also  le 
through  al 
milling  an< 
Shoudy  & 
tunnel  into 
which  yielt 
$100  a  ton. 

On  wha 
have  the  L 
They  have 
Pine  Tree. 

A  short 
Dexter  Sh( 
two  to  five 
which  the  J 
porphyry  c 
yielding  ns 
though  not 
on  the  oth( 
and  on  wh 
arrastre  bi 

The  Po 
been  bonde 

On  the 
wide  and  c 
160  feet  on 
the  other  1 
he  has  drll 
foot  ledge 
ounces  of  : 
the  ledge, 

Betwee 
Donahae'B 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHW^CST. 


71 


Tan  »  »lxty-foot  cross-cut  tunnel  In  l:.>  direction  of  the  ledge,  but  did  not  tap 
U,  arsd  ran  a  tunnel  about  llfty  feet  on  the  ledge  near  the  summit,  but  It  has 
since  caved  In.  A  two-stamp  lIuntlnKton  mJll  was  hauled  from  The  Dalles  on 
the  Columbia  by  team  and  over  the  mountain  by  block  and  tackle.  It  was 
erected  without  concj^ntrators  and  was  run  by  water  power  <n  the  expectation 
of  saving  the  free  gold.  It  was  run  for  a  couple  of  months  iv  1880  and  reduced 
about  ttfty  tons  of  ore,  but  the  assay  value  of  $10  to  $70  a  toa  was  chiefly  In 
sulphides  and  very  tine  gold,  so  that  only  about  $4.50  a  ton  was  saved  and  the 
small  percentage  of  copper  was  also  lost.  A  year  or  two  later,  owing  to  the 
death  of  Marshall  Hllnn,  the  organizer  of  the  company,  the  mill  stopped  and 
has  never  rr  sumed.  For  a  time  the  property  was  under  bona  to  Edward 
Blewett,  who  ran  a  tunnel  200  feet  In  an  endeavor  to  trace  the  ledge  Into  the 
Culver,  of  which  It  has  the  characteristics  and  the  same  value  In  free  gold,  and 
several  open  cuts  have  been  made,  showing  ore  In  a  number  of  places.  The 
Culver  ledge  spreads  out  towards  the  summit,  and  Is  divided  by  horses  of 
syenite,  which  rock  forms  the  hanging  wall,  and  then  disappears. 

Much  of  the  gold  In  early  days  was  lost  by  the  milling  of  ore  In  arrastrefl, 
three  of  which  w'ere  built  and  one  Is  now  In  operation  at  Intervals.  When  It 
Is  remembered  that  the  fine  copper  sulphides  which  go  oft  In  foam  cannot  b« 
saved  even  by  cyanide  and  that  only  pan  amalgamation  la  effective  with  them, 
one  can  Imagine  how  much  value  Is  lost  by  such  a  rude  mill  as  an  arrastre. 

In  the  spring  of  1896  the  Blewett  Company  sold  the  ten-stam?)  mill  to 
Thomas  Johnson,  who  has  been  milling  tho  Poleplck  ore  In  It,  with  the  addition 
of  canvas  tables.  This  mine  has  a  quartz  ledge  varying  from  eighteen  to 
thlrty-slx  Incher  and  occasionally  widening  to  five  feet.  Assays  range  from 
JIO  to  $132  In  free  gold,  and  average  about  $27.  Development  began  with  a 
cross-cut  tunnel  237  feet,  from  which  an  upraise  was  made  147  feet.  In  ore  all 
the  way.  A  drift  has  been  run  100  feet  west  from  the  upraise  at  the  100-foot 
level,  on  which  stoplng  Is  being  done,  and  another  upraise  h&a  been  started. 

Adjoining  this  claim  on  another  ledge  three  feet  wide  Is  Poleplck  No.  1, 
owned  by  Dexter  Shoudy  &  Co.,  on  which  a  tunnel  has  been  run  eighty  feet, 
showing  ore  which  assays  $28. 

On  the  Culver  draw  Is  the  Phoenix,  on  which  D.  T,  Cross  and  John  F.  Dore, 
of  Seattle,  and  the  late  Wdllam  Donahue  tapped  a  flve-foot  ledge  of  brown 
quartz  at  a  depth  of  100  feet  by  cross-cutting  125  feet.  They  have  run  threo 
levels  100  feet  long  at  Intervals  of  twenty  feet  and  have  stoped  the  ore  from  tl^e 
highest  level  to  the  surface,  having  taken  out  In  all  1,000  tons,  which  was 
milled  at  the  Blewett  mill  and  returned  about  $20  gold  on  the  average.  Some 
of  this  ore  was  reduced  In  1895  In  a  small  mill  with  four  250-pound  stamps  and 
a  Blde-jlgger  concentrator,  which  was  erected  by  the  California  Milling  and 
Mining  Company,  but  the  cost  of  operation  was  out  of  proportion  to  the 
possible  product  and  it  has  been  shut  down  for  nearly  two  years. 

The  Peshastln  Is  on  a  three-foot  ledge,  also  on  the  Culver  draw,  on  which 
William  Donahue,  Dore  and  Cross  ran  a  tunnel  and  stoped  some  ore  some 
years  ago.  In  1894  they  bonded  the  claim  to  George  W.  Martin,  of  Minneapolis, 
who  also  leased  the  Blewett  mill  and  built  a  chute  down  the  hill  to  It.  He  ran 
through  about  100  tons,  but  It  was  so  poorly  sorted  that  It  did  not  pay  for 
milling  and  the  company  canceled  the  lease.  He  then  gave  up,  and  Dexter 
Shoudy  &  Co.  bought  the  mine.  They  ran  a  tunnel  through  the  Fraction 
tunnel  Into  the  west  end  of  the  claim  and  took  out  about  eighty  tons  of  ore, 
wWch  yielded  about  $21  a  ton  In  free  gold  and  eight  tons  of  concentrates  worth 
$100  a  ton. 

On  what  Is  supposed  to  be  the  Culver  ledge  J.  L.  Warner  and  his  associates 
have  the  Lightning,  with  the  White  Elephant  and  Plnfe  Tree  on  parallel  ledges. 
They  have  simply  kept  up  assessment  work,  driving  a  thirty-foot  tunnel  on  the 
Pine  Tree. 

A  short  distance  above  the  Culver  draw,  on  the  west  side  of  the  canyon. 
Dexter  Shoudy  &  Co.  are  working  the  Black  Jack  on  a  ledge  of  blue  quarts 
two  to  five  feet  wide.  They  have  run  a  tunnel  over  200  feet  on  the  ledge,  from 
which  they  have  done  some  stoplng,  and  are  now  cross-cutting  toward  a  red 
porphyry  dike  which  shows  on  the  surface.  They  have  found  some  cinnabar, 
yielding  native  quicksilver.  About  260  tons  of  ore  was  milled  last  spring,  and 
though  not  well  sorted,  yielded  $8  a  ton.  The  same  parties  own  the  Eureka, 
on  the  other  side  of  the  canyon,  on  a  three-foot  ledge  which  assays  $16.64  gold 
and  on  which  a  tunnel  has  been  driven  forty  feet.  The  owners  bought  the 
arrastre  built  by  John  Shafer  slxtten  years  ago,  and  are  milling  the  ore  In  It. 

The  Poleplck,  Peshastln,  Black  Jack  and  the  Johnson  mill  have  recently 
been  bonded  to  parties  In  the  East,  who  contemplate  working  them  together. 

On  the  Marlon  Charlea  Donahue  has  three  veins,  one  of  which  Is  eight  feet 
wide  and  carries  $6  free  milling  and  $9  concentrating  ore.  He  has  run  a  drift 
150  feet  on  a  small  stringer  and  has  cross-cut  eighty  feet  to  the  ledge.  One  of 
the  other  ledges  he  has  Identified  as  the  extension  of  the  ^o'epick,  and  on  t*4« 
he  has  drifted  sixty-five  feet  and  cross-cut  eighty  feet  On  the  Gem  is  a  hve- 
foot  ledge  of  concentrating  ore  which  assays  $8  to  $16  gold  an^  ^5  cents  to  M 
ounces  of  silver.  A  cross-cut  has  been  run  sixty  feet,  but  has  not  yet  tapped 
the  ledge,  and  a  tunnel  is  in  twenty  feet  on  ore.  „„„„,,  k„  wtiuam 

Between  the  Peshastln  and  the  O^m  Is  the^  Manistee,  owned  by  William 
Donahne'B  heirs,  Dore  and  Crojs.     A  tunnel  has  been  driven  140  feet  on  a 


74 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


broken  horse  on  the  surface  and  the  ledge  lias  not  been  found  in  place.     About 
eighty  tons  was  milled  in  an  iirrastre  In  1S90  and  paid  $16  a  ton. 

On  the  east  side  of  the  oreelt  John  Bomaster  has  the  I.  X.  L.,  on  which  he 
has  run  a  tunnel  forty  feet  on  a  blanket  ledge  six  or  seven  inches  wide  and 
assaying  about  $20  a  ton. 

On  the  west  mde  of  the  creek  E.  E.  Keyes,  of  Menominee,  Mich.,  has  the 
Caledonia  group  of  four  claims  on  three  parallel  ledges.  One  of  these  has 
ledge  matter  on  the  surface,  on  which  a  tunnel  driven  twenty  feet  has  not  yet 
struck  ore.  On  another,  twelve  feet  wide,  a  shaft  has  been  sunk  thirty  feet, 
in  which  iron  pyrites  is  coming  in.  On  the  third  there  l.s  a  two-foot  cropping 
of  gray  copper  tapped  by  a  cross-cut  tunnel  of  about  120  feet.  On  the  Goat 
there  Is  a  two-foot  ledge  of  white  ouartz  carrying  free  gold,  from  which  some 
assays  ran  over  $100.    A  shaft,  fifteen  feet  deep  shows  the  free  gold  to  continue. 

Near  the  Tip  Top,  at  tiie  head  of  the  basin  and  crossing  the  divide  to  Ruby 
Creek,  Oliver  Cloud  and  John  Giimore  have  tho  Sunset,  on  which  is  a  six-foot . 
ledge  carrying  gold  and  copper,  and  in  two  tunnels  sixty  feet  and  thirty  feet 
on  the  ledge  there  Is  a  showing  of  sulphurets  on  the  face. 

On  the  east  side  of  the  canyon  is  the  Tip  Top,  which  i;as  had  a  varied 
career.  It  was  first  worked  by  the  Tip  Top  Mining  Company,  which  sank  a 
shaft  seventy-live  feet  and  drove  a  cross-cut  tunnel  .^XO  feet  quartering  with 
the  ledge  and  another  400  feet  a  short  distance  below.  The  ore  was  sloped  out 
from  the  fll"st  two  levels  and  run  through  the  arrastre,  its  value  averaging  $40, 
while  some  ran  up  to  $90.  The  company  abandoned  the  claim  in  1888,  and  in  the 
following  year  T.  J.  Vinton  relocated  it,  and  held  it  until  1895.  He  then  leased 
it  to  James  Kirk,  who  took  out  considerable  ore,  from  which  the  extraction  at 
the  Blewett  mill  averaged  $22.  It  is  now  leased  to  George  W.  Porter,  who 
realized  $10  a  ton  out  of  sixty  tons  milled. 

Just  below  the  new  mill,  Peter  Anderson  and  Thaddeus  Neubaur  have  a 
vein  of  clear  white  talc  ore,  in  which  the  free  gold  is  plainly  visible,  similar  to 
that  of  the  Culver  ledge.  They  have  driven  two  tunnels,  aggresraiing  400  feet, 
showing  up  the  ledge  well  lo  ;i  widtli  vai  ying  from  six  inches  to  three  feet. 

Within  the  last  few  years  John  Kendle  has  been  prospectinK  in  the  camp 
by  means  of  an  instrument  which,  he  claims,  betray.s  the  p-oximity  of  an 
auriferous  ledge  by  electric  attraction  and  which  has  gained. credit  with  some 
prospectors.  His  instrument  is  supposed  to  disc^over  gold,  silver  and  copper 
and  to  indicate  witiiin  certain  limits  how  de*'P  it  i.s  beneath  the  surface.  It  Is 
a  brass  or  silver  cup  cof.taining  a  secret  composition  of  acids,  rrom  which  a 
tube  of  the  same  inaterial  extends  an  inch  or  more-  and  then  turns  at  right 
angles.  Into  it  is  cemented  a  copper  wire  eif;ht  inches  long,  which  ends  In  a 
flat  circular  brass  elbow.  F  rom  this  another  copper  wire  extends  six  inches  at 
right  angles,  so  that  It  is  parallel  with  the  cup,  and  by  this  last  wire  the  pros- 
pector holds  the  instrument  as  he  walks  slowly  over  the  ground,  pressing  his 
finger  ends  tirmiy  against  i  he  wire. 

Mr.  Kendle  claims  to  i,.  vo  located  over  twenty  ledges  by  means  of  this 
Instrument  and  to  have  priM-ed  its  accuracy  by  .showing  ore  on  development, 
seven  of  them  beii.'p,  on  his  jwn  claims.  One  of  these  (ilaims  is  the  Snowttake 
located  under  eight  feet  ui  snow,  where  other  men  had  in  vain  run  crosscuts 
thirty,  forty  and  sixty  feet  to  strike  the  ledge.  He  ran  a  tunnel  on  it  for 
twenty  feet  and  found  six  feet,  of  quartz  between  walls  of  quartzlte  and 
porphyry,  which  he  says  carries  $7  gold  and  some  coi)per.  He  and  Henry 
Weinmann,  hi.s  partner,  have  a  Dodge  mill  with  a  capacity  of  twenty  tons  In 
.  twenty-four  hours  which  they  propo.se  to  set  up  at  the  mine  and  run  by  water 
power  to  crush  the  ore,  treating  the  pulp  with  cyanide.  Another  ledge  located 
by  this  means  and  covered  by  two  claims,  is  the  Sunset,  fifteen  feet  wide  and 
carrying  $10  to  $15  gold.  This  is  owned  by  Messrs.  Kendle  and  Weinmann 
who  also  have,  in  p.^rtnership  with  Patil  Fein,  three  claims  on  the  Yankee 
Doodle  ledge,  to  strike  which  Mr.  Weinmann  had  previously  run  cross-cuts 
150,  125  and  100  feet.  They  have  run  a  tunnel  lie  feet  on  It,  showing  nine  feel 
of  talc  and  three  of  white  quartz  carrying  $4  dee  gold.  Mr.  Kendle  claims  to 
have  aiso  located  by  mean.s  of  his  in.strument  a  four  and  one-half  foot  ledge 
for  Jaines  Smith,  who  struck  it  with  a  forty-foot  cro.ss-cut;  a  five-foot  ledge 
for  Jam.  s  Giimore,  who  struck  it  in  a  tunnel  drivon  to  Its  face;  and  a  third  for 
McDonai  1  &  Perry,  who  struck  it  two  to  thn-f  and  one-half  feet  wide  carry- 
ing ore  worth  $19  to  $22.  by   iriving  twenty  feer. 

The  mineral  l)elt  cut  anc  exposed  by  the  deep  ranvon  of  Negro  Creek  differs 
In  many  respectr.  from  that  on  Peshastln  Creek,  although  only  a  high  ridge 
divides  the  streams.  Interest  in  this  district  languished  after  the  suspension 
of  work  at  the  '.'ascade  Mining  Company  s  mill  and  did  not  revive  until  the 
great  red  buttes  which  stand  out  from  the  canyon  walls  of  Negro  Ingalls  and 
Peshastln  CreekK  attracted  attention  in  1S92.  Prospectors  soon  found  that  the 
dikes  of  which  these  buttes  were  the  highest  points  contained  chutes  Of 
porphyrltlc  quartzite.  between  walls  of  lime  and  porphyry,  the  chutes  ranging 
in  width  from  three  to  thirty  feet,  and  several  occurring  across  the  width  of 
the  wider  dike.s  The  qnartzlte  carries  not  only  rr.;.!  and  some  silver  but 
nickel  to  an  average  of  2%  per  cent.  It  also  i-ar-les  cobalt,  and'  the  walls 
carry  traces  of  nickel.  Some  of  the  ledges  f'.rthest  up  the  crook  arc  distinctly 
copper  ore,  car-n-ing  25  to  :!0  per  cent,  of  tnat  mineral,  and  one  ledge  carries 
cinnabar  In   which   there  Is  native  quicksilver.      Prospecting  has  cone   on 


MINmO    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


16 


steadily  and  has  extended  the  belt  across  the  divide  at  the  head  of  Negro  Creek 
to  Palls  Creek,  across  the  north  wall  of  the  canyon  to  and  across  Ingallo 
Creek,  down  the  Peshastin  a  mile  below  the  latter  stream  and  across  Ruby 
Creek,  an  eastern  tributary  of  the  Peshastin.  A  large  amount  of  development 
has  been  done  on  many  of  the  claims,  but  lack  of  capital  and  the  need  of  a 
wagron  road  has  prevented  the  district  from  becoming  a  producer. 

About  a  mile  up  Negro  Creek,  which  cuts  it  ir.  two,  is.a  ledge  of  porphyry 
forty  feet  wide,  on  which  is  the  War  Kagle  yrcup  of  four  claims,  bonded  by 
J.  F.  Buttles,  George  Hood  and  Jemes  Grant  to  the-  Co-operative  Mining  Syn- 
dicate, of  Seattle.  It  cuts  through  the  granite,  I'iate  and  serpentine  country 
rock  in  a  course  slightly  east  of  north  and  west  of  south,  from  the  summit 
overlooking  the  Culver  draw,  on  one  side  of  Negro  Creek,  to  that  overlooking 
Ingalls  Creek  on  the  other.  It  is  veined  with  quartz  and  carries  value 
throughout  Itrf  width,  gold  predominating  where  it  cuts  the  ffr.inite.  An 
average  assay  from  a  shaft  twenty-Hve  feet  deep  on  the  Ingalls  Creek  divide 
shows  $4.t;o  gold  and  numerous  assays  have  run  from  $20  to  $00  gold,  some  of 
the  ore  also  carrying  nickel.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  twenty  feet  from  Negro 
Creek  on  the  lodge  and  l.=  lielng  continued  through  well-mlnerallzed  rock. 

On  the  divide  between  ingalls  and  Negro  Creeks,  opposite  the  Cascade 
Mining  Company's  property,  \V.  S.  Newland  and  Henry  JtJrenard  have  the 
New  lork  group  of  thlrtten  claims,  lorming  a  square  on  which  is  a  mass 
of  quartzite  carrying  gold,  .silver  and  copper.  Only  assessment  work  has 
been  done  In  the  shape  of  a  shaft  or  tunnel  ten  to  fifteen  feet  deep  on 
each  claim,  and  none  of  these  have  defined  any  ledges.  Specimens  taken 
at  random  from  the  surface  of  one  claim  assayed  $4.60  gold,  3%  per  cent, 
copper  and  a  trace  of  silver,  and  the  Nellie  assays  $4  gold,  $30  silver, 
besides  nickel.  The  group  could  be  worked  from  a  tunnel  on  each  side 
of  the  mountain,  and  a  tramway  half  a  mile  long  would  take  the  product 
to   Ingalls  Creek. 

Across  the  creek  from  the  Cascade  Mining  Company's  group  are  the 
Eagle  and  Iowa,  owned  by  Henry  Bllnn,  of  L,eavenworth.  They  have  a 
ledge  three  and  one-half  feel  wide  of  quartz  carrying  iron  and  copper 
pyrites,  which  assaj'S  $7  gold.  A  shaft  is  being  sunk,  and  shows  improve- 
ment in  the  ledge. 

Next  up  the  creek  comes  the  Daisy  Dean,  owned  by  the  Donahue  estate 
and  F.  H.  Osgood,  on  a  twin  ledge  between  walls  of  serpentine  and  dU"  ite. 
One  ledge  three  to  four  feet  wide  assays  $32.30  gold,  the  other,  three  and 
one-half  feet  wide,  carries  $8  silver  and  60  per  cent.  lead.  Two  tunnels 
have  been  run  about  twenty  feet  each  at  different  levels. 

Going  up  en  the  creek,  there  next  comes  the  Kalnler  group  of  thirteen 
claims,  with  two  mlllsites,  owned  by  the  Negro  Creek  Nickel  and  Copper 
Mining  Company.  The  Rainier  ledge  is  covered  by  four  claims  and  Is 
a  dike  running  northwest  and  southeast  across  Negro  Creek,  three  and 
one-half  miles  above  its  mouth.  A  cross-cut  170  feet  on  this  dike  struck 
a  series  of  five  nickel-bearing  ledges  from  ten  to  thirty  feet  wide.  The 
ore  in  the  tunnel  assays  2V^  to  sVi  per  cent,  nickel  -and  $5.20  gold.  The 
Tacoma  has  a  quartz  ledge  four  and  one-half  feet  wide  running  into  the 
Rainier  series,  and  carrying  copper  and  iron  pyrites,  with  $8.20  gold  and 
a  ft-w  ounces  of  silver.  Red  Butte  No.  1  and  No.  2  arc  on  a  deposit  of 
wliite  talc  thirty  feet  wide,  carrying  about  $5  gold,  of  which  a  red  butte 
forn.H  one  side,  and  a  ninety-foot  tunnel  has  shown  up  a  large  chute  of 
aickcl  ore.  The  Montana  i.s  an  a  spur  southwest  of  the  Gordon  ledge, 
carrying  nickel,  free  gold  and  silver,  twelve  feet  wide.  Fractions  A  aal 
B  ar^  extensions  of  spurs  of  the  Ontario  and  Meridian.  The  South  On- 
tarl"  arid  two  others  cover  a  large  dike  of  low-grado  nickel  ore  about  thirty 
feet  wide  TliLs  company  constructed  an  extension  of  the  wagon  road 
up  the  Peshastin  from  the  mouth  of  Ingalls  Creek  two  years  ago,  amd 
partly  constructed  it  to  the  Rainier  group.  It  also  surveyed  a  lino  for  an 
electric  rond  up  the  Peshastin  and  Negro  Creek,  thirteen  miles,  to  the 
Rainier  group,  and  three  miles  further,  to  the  park  on  which  the  i'ersingcr 
group  abuts. 

Adjoining  Red  Butte  No.  1  and  No.  3  are  the  Union  and  Dominlan, 
which  are  three-quarters  of  a  mile  up  Bear  Creek,  on  the  north  of  Negro 
Creek.  They  have  been  bonded  by  W.  T,  Karey,  G.  S.  Merriam,  George 
Beam.  Jamts  FuUweiler.  C.  Striker  and  H,  .youder,  to  George  K.  Ward,  of 
Seattle,  who  is  to  erect  a  plant  and  begin  development  by  April  1,  1887. 
They  have  a  ledge  of  free  milling  and  concentrating  ore  east  and  west,  cut 
by  Bear  Cre«'k.  Twelve  samples  were  taken  ot  dhlerent  grades  of  ore 
acn.sa  the  ledge  and  ihe  assays  ranged  from  $10T.4S>  gold  and  $1.10  silver  up 
to  $875.63  gold  and  $6.50  silver.  Kight  tons  sl»ipped  to  tho  Tacoma  smelter 
only  returned  $11.30  a  ton,  because  they  were  not  sorted  and  were  take» 
from  a  poir.t  bi.yoiid  the  ore  chute.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  100  feet  on  the 
ledge,  siiowlng  It  to  range  from  eighteen  Inchts  to  four  feet,  wlln  gnod  ore 
all  through.  Aoroa.i  l^eiir  Creek  from  these  claims  is  llie  Anago,  owned 
by  Gus  Guoin,  S.  W  Elliott  and  Charle.s  Harvtj,  on  a  live-toji  Itdge  of 
copper  sulphuri'l.s  rt.nning  north* ast  and  southwest,  wiiich  assays  on  the 
surface  $2.75  to  $tt.40  gold  and  silver. 

Adjoining  the  Union  and  Dominion  or  Hear  Creek  are  the  Gordon  and 
an  extension,   owned  by  Supreme  Judge  Gordon,    W.   I.   Agnew  and  G.   E. 


76 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Filloy,  all  of  Olympia.  It  has  a  ledge  forty  feet  wide,  running  north  and 
south  and  assaying  10  per  cent,  nickel,  with  tree  gold  and  silver.  A  tunnel 
flfty-nve  feet  long  has  cross-cut  the  ledge,  defining  its  width.       ,    .       ™     „ 

Following  up  Negro  Creek  conies  the  f.  P.  Nickel,  owned  by  Tony 
Pcesfon,  of  Leavenworth.  A  shaft  is  being  sunk  on  the  hanging  wall, 
where  Is  three  or  four  feet  of  quartz,  carrying  11.50  gold  and  a  good  per- 
centage of  nickel.  .  ^   ,      ,.     . 

A  little  further  up,  on  the  north  side,  is  the  Ontario,  owned  by  Martin 
Lew's  cin-^  Mr.  Morrell,  who  have  a  ledge  forty  li.et  wide,  between  walls 
ot  serpentine.  The  o.-e  carries  ?7  to  $8  gold,  3  per  cent,  nickel  and  3\/^  per 
cent,  copper  In  .sulphides.  A  shaft  is  down  about  twelve  feet  on  the  hang- 
ing wall,  a  tunnel  has  been  run  ninety  fiet  on  the  stringer,  cutting  towards 
the  main  ledge,  and  a  tunnel  is  In  seventy  feet  to  cross-cut  the  main  ledge, 
which  It  Is  expected  to  strike  in  another  hundred  feet. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  creek,  next  above  the  Ontario,  comes  the 
Meridian,  owned  by  George  Persinger,  of  l.,eavenworth,  and  John  Lindsay, 
of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  ledge  of  dark  blue  quartz,  forty  feet  wide,  between 
serpentine  walls,  the  ore  carrying  gold,  silver,  copper,  sulphides  and  nickel. 
The  outcrop  is  in  iron-stained  red  and  blue  cliffs  on  the  wall  of  the  canyon. 
A  tunnel  has  been  run  sixty  feet  on  the  ledge  and  a  mill  test  of  the  ore, 
made  in  St.  Louis,  gave  JlO.'iO  gold,  $5  silver,  12.50  copper  and  2  per  cent, 
native  nickel,  besides  nickel  sulphides. 

The  North  Pole  group  of  ten  claims  Is  next  In  order,  and  Is  owned  by 
George  Persinger,  Michael  Callaghan,  John  McKenzle,  Andrew  Stoughton 
ana  Williara  Lee,  of  Leavenworth;  George  Kline  of  Wenatchee,  and  John 
S.  Jurey,   of  Seattle. 

North  Pole  No.  1  and  two  other  claims  are  all  on  one  ledge  ninety-one 
feet  wide  running  due  north  and  south,  which  crops  out  In  big  red  buttes 
on  the  Cinnabar  King  claim.  The  ore  is  red  and  blue  quartz  between  walls 
of  serpentine,  and  carries,  gold  nickel  and  quicksilver.  A  tunnel  has  been 
run  ninety  feet  on  the  hanging  wall  on  this  ledge,  and  there  was  200  tons 
of  ore  on  the  dump  on  the  creek  bank,  when  a  flood  swept  half  of  It  away 
In  the  spring  of  1895.  There  is  now,  however,  150  to  200  tons  on  the  dump. 
The  Champion  and  Idaho  are  on  another  ledge  four  and  one-half  feet  wide, 
which  runs  east  and  west,  and  joins  the  North  Pole  ledge  at  an  angle  on 
tho  east.  It  assays  ?12  gold  and  10^^  per  cent,  copper.  A  tunnel  run  forty 
fee^  to  cross-cut  the  ledge  has  not  yet  tapped  it.  The  Persinger  Copper 
LMe  and  Gray  Eagle  are  on  a  ledge  running  northwest  and  southeast, 
which  outcrops  three  feet  wide  on  tlie  summit  and  contains  copper  sul- 
phide ore  carrying  gold  and  silver.  Assays  range  from  ri2  to  32  per  cent, 
copper,  $5  to  $16  gold  and  3  to  5  ounces  silver.  A  tunnel  twenty-ttve  feet 
on  the  main  ledge  on  the  top  of  the  hill  shows  good  ore  all  through,  and  a 
cross-cut  Is  being  run  100  feet  below,  which  is  tn  litteen  feet  and  will  tap 
the  ledge  in  about  twenty  feet  more.  The  Ivanhoe  No.  5  is  west  of  tha 
Rainier  group  on  the  north  side  of  the  creek,  and  has  a  live-foot  ledge  of 
copper  sulphide  ore  assaying  about  20  per  cent,  copper  with  a  little  gold 
aod  silver.  A  cross-cut  taps  the  ore  in  forty  feet.  About  20C  feet  of  new 
tunnels  has  been  completed  on  this  group  in  the  last  year,  and  has  shown 
up  extensive  bodies  of  copper  pyrites. 

On  the  Ivanhoe  ledge  John  and  William  Ii>ncli  have  the  Leo,  with  four 
feet  of  ore  assaying  2^  per  cent,  copper,  with  somu  gold  and  silver.  They 
ran  a  cross-cut  tunnel  sixty  feet,  following  a  two-foot  stringer  into  the 
tncMn  ledge. 

At  the  north  end  of  the  Everett  are  the  Cinnabar  King,  owned  by 
Qeorge  Persinger,  Harvey  Sender  and  Charles  Striker,  on  a  dike  200  feel 
wide,  which  crops  out  in  a  line  of  jagged  rod  cliffs  on  the  north  wall  of  th« 
canyon.  A  surface  cut  across  the  dike  shows  it  to  be  all  mineralized  red> 
and  blue  quartz,  with  serpentine  walls.  An  assay  .sliows  it  to  carry  93.59 
gold,  besides  nickel  and  cinnabar. 

On  the  first  dike  which  cuts  across  the  Pesh.istln  canyon  on  tho  north  l8 
another  string  of  claims.  On  the  right  bank  are  the  Monarch  No.  1  and  No.  2, 
owned  by  Ralph  White,  of  Rossland,  Tim  O'Learv,  the  contractor,  and  Mr. 
Walker.  The  dike  Is  porphyrltlc  quartzlte  seventy-five  feet  wide,  running 
tlightly  north  of  east  and  south  of  west.  A  mill  test  of  a  ton  taken  from  a 
ninety-foot  tunnel  gave  $90  returns  In  nickel,  cobalt  and  gold,  and  assays 
range  from  $4  to  $5  gold,  2%  i>er  cent,  and  upwards  in  nickel,  1%  to  2^  per  cent, 
cobalt.  On  the  opposite  hill  and  on  the  same  ledge,  George  Persinger,  Tony 
Preston  and  Michael  Callaghan  have  the  Red  Butte  group  of  three  claims, 
extending  along  the  outcrop  to  the  summit,  with  a  fourth  on  a  parallel  led.^e 
on  the  southwest.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  into  the  ledge  at  the  base  of  tho  hill, 
ore  from  which  assayed  as  hl.^h  as  \2'^  per  cent,  nickel,  2Vi  per  cent,  cobalt  and 
IIS  gold.  In  the  valley  between  the  Monarch  and  Red  Rutte  groups  Is  the 
Rattlesnake,  half  of  which  Is  held  by  the  owners  of  each  group. 

This  dike  has  been  traced  across  the  mountains  and  one  and  one-half  mllM 
eastward  to  Ruby  Creek,  where  It  crops  out  on  part  of  a  group  of  thirteen 
claims  held  by  Charles  Harvey,  S.  W.  Elliott  and  H.  C.  Ca.stlebury  On  this 
group  are  four  parallel  ledges  from  twenty  to  .sixty  feet  wide  l>etween  walls  of 
a«rpentine  and  conglomerate,  marked  by  red  buttes  like  those  on  the  rest  of 
the  belt.    Assays  average  8  per  cent,  nickel,  gold  and  silver  not  being  showa. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


77 


At  the  north  end  of  this  group  are  the  Red  Cloud  and  Tralee,  owned  by  W. 
Kelly,  of  Spokane;  C.  King,  of  Kalispell;  Charlea  Harvey  and  Charles  Moriar- 
Itq,  of  Leavenworth,  on  a  sixteen-foot  ledge  assaying  |25  copper.  $6  gold,  as 
well  as  nickel  and  cobalt.  Further  up  Peshastin  Creek,  below  the  mouth  of 
Negro  Creek,  F.  D.  Eates  and  John  W.  Miller,  of  Leavenworth,  have  two 
claims  on  a  seven-foot  ledge  of  sulphide  ore  carrying  $6  and  $8  gold  on  the 
surface,  besides  copper. 

Five  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Ingalls  Creek  is  the  State  group  of  six 
claims,  owned  by  John  and  William  Lynch.  They  are  on  two  parallel 
dikes  sixty  feet  wide,  which  are  cut  by  the  creek. 

The  nickel-bearir^  formation  has  been  traced  anrnsis  the  Negro  Creek 
divide  to  Falls  Creek,  a  tributary  of  Ingalls  Creek  from  tno  south.  W.  F. 
Patterson  and  Charles  Newberry,  of  Piewett,  have  located  the  Bonanza 
and  Deadwood,  near  the  head  of  the  creek,  on  the  largest  dike  ssc  fs»"  dis- 
covered in  the  district.  The  creek  runs  between  the  two  locations,  and 
the  dike  rises  almost  perpendicularly  from  it.  The  owners  are  cutting 
across  the  face  of  these  cliffs  to  expose  green  ore.  The  surface  ore  assays 
about  5  per  cent,  nickel,  fS.CO  sold  and  a  trace  of  copper.  Adjoining  this 
group  and  running  to  the  forks  of  the  creek,  also  extending  westward  to 
Cascade  Creek,  Is  the  Nickel  Plate  group  of  twelve  claims,  owned  by  John 
and  William  Lynch.  Tlie  main  ledge  is  sixty  feet  wide  and  is  covered  by 
five  claims,  on  .vhich  prospect  holes  have  been  sunk,  while  the  other  claims 
are  on  spurs  from  t'.iis  and  the  Bonanza  and  Deadwood  ledges,  ranging  in 
width  from  ten  to  t'.ilrty  feet.  The  ore  Is  of  the  same  character  and  value 
as  the  Bonanza  and  Deadwood. 

The  placer  ground  from  the  mouth  of  Peshastin  Creek  far  up  towards  its 
head  is  still  being  worked  with  a  fair  measure  of  success.  The  deposits  of 
grid- bearing  material  are  gravel  hills  built  up  in  the  course  of%ge3  on  old 
ri.er  channel?,  running  sometimes  parallel,  at  others  across  the  present 
channel  of  Peshastin  Creek.  In  the  old  channels  the  gold  is  mostly  coarse, 
and  thereforf  easily  saved,  but  where  the  present  streams  have  acted  on  It 
it  is  fine  and  requires  more  care  and  skill.  One  of  the  largest  enterprises  of 
this  kind  is  leing  carried  on  by  W.  M.  Keene  and  O.  A.  Benjamin,  of  Seattle, 
on  the  flats  Oeside  the  Wenatchee  on  its  right  bank,  one  and  one-half  miles 
below  Peshastin.  Mr.  Keene  began  by  sluicing  back  from  the  river  bank, 
taking  water  from  a  point  half  a  mile  up  that  creek.  He  found  that  the  old 
channel  bedrock  sloped  back  from  the  present  river  channel,  and  thus  his 
ground  was  flooded.  Being  joined  by  Mr.  Benjamin,  he  put  In  a  hydraulic 
and  a  pump  to  raise  the  d'.rt  from  beneath  the  water  on  the  old  channel. 
The  dirt  pays  well,  even  for  manual  work,  good  streaks  running  as  high  as 
%l  a  yard.  At  ihe  mouth  of  Ingalls  Creek  Mr.  Hensel,  a  farmer,  is  working 
several  claims  with  good  results  in  fine  gold.  On  the  right  bank  of  the 
Peshastin,  at  the  mouth  of  Ruby  Creek,  James  and  Thomas  Lynch,  Riley 
Elsenhour  and  Thomas  Medhurst  have  worked  six  claims  with  a  big  hydraulic 
giant  at  high  water  and  ground  sluiced  at  low  water. 

Where  the  canyon  narrows  below  Negro  Creek  the  late  J.  H.  Crawford, 
W  H.  Wilcox  and  Frank  B.  Holley  had  four  claims  on  the  left  bank,  to  which 
they  built  2,000  feet  of  ditch  and  flume  from  Negro  Creek,  with  150  feet  of  fall, 
and  hydraulicked  down  to  the  old  channel  bedrock,  which  is  thirty  feet  above 
the  present  channel.  The  gold  is  coarse.  In  nuggets  as  large  as  $6.75,  and  they 
are  working  with  only  wood  rlfT.es  and  no  platas  or  quicksilver,  not  attempt- 
ing to  save  the  fine  gold. 

A  mile  above  Negro  Creek  George  W.  and  J.  M.  Bloom,  two  brothe.rs,  and 
John  Snyder  are  working  three  good  claims  which  take  in  all  the  bai  ground 
on  both  sides  of  the  creek,  on  the  old  channel.  The  Bloom  brothers  started 
in  1893  by  sluicing  out  the  dirt  on  the  right  bank  of  the  creek  and  took  »79 
from  a  space  fifteen  feet  square.  In  1895  they  took  $20  from  the  space  next 
below  ten  feet  square  and  at  the  most  eighteen  inches  deep,  and  were  last 
year  joined  bv  Mr.  Snvder.  They  cut  a  ditch  for  a  bedrock  drain,  but  failed 
to  reach  bedrock,  and  then  started  a  tunnel  to  cut  across  from  rim  to  rim 
of  the  old  channel,  which  is  In  twenty-eight  feet,  keeping  the  water  down 
with  a  bucket  wheel.  Fror;  the  first  eight  feet  of  this  tunnel  they  took  $4.20, 
and  they  have  a  be  of  gravel  twei»ty  feet  deep,  which  they  say  carries 
25  cents  a  yard  fi-om  rim  to  rim  and  surface  to  bedrock.  The  gold  is  nearly 
all  coarse,  but  thiy  save  the  line  gold  by  means  of  pole  riffles  placed  length- 
wise of  the  sluice  box,  with  cleats  underneath  which  raise  them  an  Inch 
above  the  bottom.  This  arrangement  causes  a  continual  boil  in  the  water, 
which  thus  sucks  the  gold  under  the  cross-pieces.  On  the  lowest  claim  they 
are  driving  a  tunnel  back  to  the  old  channel,  of  which  they  have  not  yet 
found  the  bedrock,  the  dirt  running  as  well  as  on  the  upper  claims.  They 
propose  to  dig  a  ditch  one  and  one-fifth  miles  along  the  creek,  with  a  capacity 
ot  1.000  hiches.  and  wHl  put  in  a  six-inch  pipe  and  hydraulic. 


78 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


LEAVENWOBTH. 

The  last  five  years  have  proved  the  presence  of  a  great  mineral  zone  In 
the  mountalria  on  each  side  of  the  Chlwah  Canyon,  as  In  other  parts  of  the 
Cascade  Range,  and  development  is  proceeding  with  such  vigor  that  a  year 
or  two  more  should  suffice  to  make  the  district  a  regular  producer. 

The  Leavenworth  District  is  easily  accessible  from  Seattle.  Leaving  that 
city  on  the  Great  Northern  train,  one  goes  to  Leavenworth,.  151  miles,  and  then 
goes  northward  by  a  good  road  to  Shueart's  ranch,  ♦'ourteen  miles,  and  by 
trail  to  either  the  Phelps  Basin  or  the  Chlwah  Basin,  thirty-eight  miles  in 
each  case.  These  basins  are  one  at  each  side  of  a  high  ridge  ten  miles  long, 
known  as  Red  Hill,  the  Chlwah  llowlng  down  ono  side  and  Phelps  Creek 
down  the  other,  to  unite  at  the  tail  of  the  hill.  On  this  mountain,  called 
Red  Hill  to  distinguish  It  from  Red  Mountain  in  the  Trail  Creek  District, 
is  the  greatest  minei-al  zone  with  the  most  active  work. 

The  first  discovery  of  mineral  on  this  mountain  was  made  in  1893  by 
George  N.  Watson,  who  found  in  a  low  saddle  on  the  summit,  between 
porphyry  and  granite  walls,  a  ledge  of  iron  pyrites  four  feet  wide,  running 
a  little  east  of  south  and  west  of  north,  with  a  slight  eastward  dip.  He 
located  the  Emerald,  and  this  lodge  has  since  been  traced  on  the  surface 
through  a  string  of  claims  for  about  live  miles.  On  a  parallel  ledge  he  and 
Dr.  L.  L.  Porter,  of  Roslyn,  have  the  Esmeralda,  which  a  shaft  forty-two 
I'eet  deep  a»id  drifts  twenty-six  and  twelve  feet  have  shown  to  widen  from 
e'ghteen  inches  on  the  surface  to  five  feet.  The  ore  is  arsenical  Iron  and 
copper  sulphides  and  assays  $11  gold,  33  per  cent,  copper  and  a  small  amount 
of  silver. 

The  thorough  prospecting  which  followed  on  Mr.  Watson's  discovery  and 
extmliiHtions  by  mining  engineers  have  shown  the  mountain  to  be  formed 
of  rranltlo  rocks,  with  cliffs  of  gneiss  on  the  side  of  the  Phelps  Creek  Basin, 
a,nd  to  be  a  great  mineral  zone,  in  which  the  ledges,  carrying  chalcopyrlte 
ajid  pyrites,  have  been  traced  by  croppings  of  ore  and  by  locations  for  five 
mile  across  country.  The  ledges  are  true  fissures  of  great  size  and  strength, 
but  1  ave  not  yet  been  defined  by  development, 

Tlie  largest  property  on  tlie  mountain  is  the  Red  Cap  and  Bryan  groups 
of  twenty  claims,  owned  by  the  Una  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  of  Seattle, 
covering  over  500  acres  from  the  Phelps  Basin  southward  and  from  the  summit 
down  to  Phelps  Creek,  with  a  tunnel  site  on  the  Chlwah  side,  two  of  the 
claims  being  placers  In  the  flat  at  the  confluence  of  the  Chiwah  and  Phelps 
Creek.  The  majority  of  the  claims  are  on  the  main  ledge  or  system  ojf  ledges, 
while  five  run  continuously  for  7,500  feet  along  the  main  cross  ledge,  which 
has  a  course  south  of  west  and  north  of  east,  breaking  through  granite, 
gnelsa  and  syenite  and  dipping  slightly  to  the  northwest  into  the  mountain. 
It  shows  well  mineralized  chutes  of  ore  on  tlie  surface,  carrying  chalco- 
pyrlte, pyrites  of  Iron  and  copper  and  some  manganese.  The  lowest  assay 
from  the  surface  was  $3.73  gold  and  the  highest  $72  gold,  but  copper  will  also 
form  a  large  part  of  the  value.  The  main  ledge  has  ore  bodies  showing  in 
numerous  places,  heavily  charged  with  arsenical  and  sulphide  ores,  assaying 
from  $3  to  $180  gold.  The  average  value  of  the  ore  through  the  mountain  is 
$69  gold  and  silver,  on  the  basis  of  a  number  of  assays.  A  tunnel  Is  hi  fifty- 
two  feet  to  cut  the  broad  main  mineral  zone  at  a  maximum  depth  of  1,500  feet 
and  is  being  continued  with  a  double  shift  of  miners.  At  112  feet  it  will  cut 
the  first  ledge,  which  shows  three  and  one-half  feet  wide  on  the  surface, 
carrying  sulphides  and  black  sulphurets  and  assaying  $45  gold,  silver  and 
lead,  and  a  little  further  will  strike  the  second,  which  is  seven  and  one-half 
feet  wide  and  well  mineralized  on  the  surface  with  copper  sulphurets,  copper 
oxides  and  buncnes  of  native  copper,  assaying  $48.60  for  all  values.  The 
Bryan  group  lies  on  the  south  edge  of  the  company's  holdings  and  has  a 
ledge  showing  three  and  one-half  feet  of  solid  ore,  heavily  charged  with 
copper  sulphurets  and  native  copper  in  bunches.  Another  ledge  further  up 
the  mountain  shows  twenty-five  feet  of  talc  carrying  sulphides,  and  will  b« 
tapped  at  great  depth  by  the  cross-cut  tunnel,  and  yet  another,  which  cut* 
the  red  cliffs  forming  the  rim  of  the  basin,  has  been  defined  to  a  width  of 
seven  feet,  with  only  the  hanging  wall  found.  A  tunnel  has  been  started  on 
this  group  also  and  will  be  pushed  this  season,  when  a  tunnel  will  alio  be 
driven  from  the  Chlwah  side  of  the  mountain.  This  company  has  already 
expended  over  $3,000  on  development. 

The  company  which  had  been  most  active  in  development  untU  the  advent 
of  the  Una  was  the  Red  Hill  Mining  Company,  which  owns  ten  claims  on  the 
two  main  ledges  running  across  Phelps  Creek  south  of  the  Una  property. 
On  the  Black  Bear  a  tunnel  has  been  run  sixteen  feet,  showing  a  twelve-foot 
ledge  carrying  copper  and  iron  sulphides,  which  assayed  $2.50  to  $29  gold  and 
silver;  on  the  White  Swan  ledge,  traced  for  some  distance  to  a  width  of  eight 
feet,  a  forty-foot  tunnel  showed  arsenical  iron  assaying  $12  to  $18  gold,  sliver 
and  copper. 


I.  North  Star. 
I.  BUUl 
1.  Bontr. 

&  Lwt  C 

«.  Kwiitit^ 
7.  IbrcridL 
t.  Ro  LMWtqr. 
«.  Owieton. 

10  lUk.  ^_^ 

11  Hur  jorie  8l*li«t. 
18.  0«wjto  8^»^ 
IS.  KMkxta 

14.  8»ow»j  Whltfc 

15.  Corkn. 

IS.  Ud«  (Mtf. 
17.  BoU;  0«*. 
It.  UmOKs. 
ISl  RmMUL 
W.  Rdlj  BIy. 
iU.  fltsclta 


22.  Soanlt. 

23.  BatMllL 

24.  Blaur. 
n.  UUgnn 
M.  Mra. 

27.  Cull. 

28.  lAwk'i  Weil. 
2».  BAieki. 

SO.  tom. 
SL  Datcoa. 
.12.  Smwt. 
8*.  Wj»Mop»Oi««P» 
M.  AUBklUfOop. 
85.  TJm  OKOTIk      ^ 
S8.  Bed  ManntalB  Ot. 
St.  B«<  Bill  Cci 
M.  HIUwArraata. 
}y.  Bnn«6iMV> 

40.  P.- 1  anwik  _ 
U  UtUeOiutOnift 


LEAVENWORTH 


OKAiNOQAN  COUNTY 
WASmNOTON 


VtHMKI  IN  THI  r/tOI'IO  NOKTHWnt 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


7f 


The  Red  Mountain  Mining  Company  also  owns  ten  claims  on  the  two 
main  ledges,  but  has  not  as  yet  done  any  development. 

Among  the  other  extensions  on  the  Emerald  ledge  are  the  Spokane  by 
J.  D.  Wynkoop,  Capt.  Benton  and  Henry  Carpenter,  of  Yakima;  the  Emerald 
No.  2,  by  H.  D.  Watson  and  Tony  Preston;  the  Standard,  by  G.  N  Watson 
and  Albert  Medhurst;  the  Great  Eastern,  by  D,  H.  Watson;  the  Eveleen  and 
Ohio,  by  H.  EUnn.  On  the  Esmeralda  ledge  D.  H.  Watson  has  the  Esmeralda 
No.  2  and  on  a  cross  ledge  the  Northern  Light.  On  the  latter  an  open  cross- 
cut extending  twenty  feet  from  the  footwall  has  not  struck  the  hanging  wall 
and  shows  Iron  sulphides  assaying  $8  gold.  Turner  &  Co.,  of  Spokane  have 
the  Fourth  of  July  group  of  six  claims  on  three  parallel  ledges.  Running 
over  the  summit  from  the  head  of  Phelps  Basin  to  Red  La,ke,  Frank  Reeves 
and  others  have  the  two  Alaska  claims  on  a  twenty-five  foot  ledge  showing 
sulphides  clear  across  the  cropplngs.  The  Smuggler  ledge  has  been  traced 
up  the  hill  and  on  it  Carl  Chrlstlanson  has  located  the  Standard,  John  M. 
Miller,  William  Nack  and  Carl  Christiansen  have  the  Morning,  Custer,  Liver- 
pool and  Cariboo.  On  another  ledge  Tony  Preston  and  John  W.  Miller  have 
the  Queen  Victoria  group  of  three  claims,  and  Turner  &  Co.  have  the  two 
Great  Northerns.  On  the  Chlwah  side  of  the  hill,  below  the  Emerald  ledge, 
are  the  Mountain  Goat  and  its  extension  by  Frank  A.  Losekamp  &  Co.,  the 
Sacred  Faith  and  its  extension;  the  Portland  and  its  extension,  by  Emil 
Frank  &  Co.;  the  German,  by  Sig.  Frudenstein;  the  Black  Diamond  group  of 
four  claims,  by  Losekamp  &  Co.;  the  Black  Man,  by  John  W.   Miller;   the 

Black  Crystal,  by Karbs,  of  Spokane,  and  the  Eagle,  by  William  Nack 

and  Carl  Christiansen. 

Until  the  last  year  but  little  development  had  been  done  on  Red  Hill,  but 
the  movement  which  has  begun  may  be  expected  to  spur  owners  on  to  show 
what  thefe  is  beneath  the  surface. 

Near  the  mouth  of  Maple  Creek  Charles  Allen  has  the  Champion  group 
of  five  claims,  where  there  were  evidences  of  the  presence  of  white  men  as 
early  as  the  year  1866.  One  ledge  cropped  eight  to  ten  feet  wide,  showing 
Bulphurets,  and  former  ownera  had  run  a  cross-cut  310  feet  to  tap  it  and  then 
abandoned  it  for  lack  of  funds.  The  other  ledge  shows  pyrltlc  ore  and  is 
well  defined  to  a  width  of  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  between  walls  of  syenite  and 
porphyry  running  southeast  and  northwest,  assaying  $4  to  $7  gold  on  the 
surface,  and  has  an  east  and  west  spur  on  the  summit.  A  cross-cut  has  been 
run  about  300  feet  to  tap  it  at  a  depth  of  250  feet.  Further  up  the  mountain 
Philip  Hatch  and  others  have  the  two  Drummer  Boy  claims  on  a  ledge  show- 
ing four  feet  wide  in  an  open  cut,  where  the  ore  assays  J5.68  gold  and  silver. 

On  the  Rock  Creek  Canyon,  half  a  mile  from  the  Chlwah,  is  the  P. -I. 
group  of  two  claims,  ownod  by  Frank  Schuenemann,  of  Pasco.     The  surface 
showing  Is  a  gneiss  blow-out  of  oxidized  iron,  carrying  gold  and  sliver,  and 
one  streak  of  ore  assayed  444  ounces  silver.     A  cross-cut  tunnel  is  in  sixty-  ' 
seven  feet. 

On  Fall  Creek,  still  further  down  the  Chlwah,  A.  W.  Purdy  has  the  Big 
Elephant  group  of  six  claims  on  a  large  ledge  of  hematite  ore,  defined  by  a 
twelve-foot  open  cut,  carrying  gold,  silver  and  copper,  which  assays  on  the 
surface  $3  to  $9  gold  and  $3.75  sliver. 

On  the  summit  of  the  range  between  Mad  River  and  the  Chlwah  Is  another 
section  of  the  same  district,  of  granite  and  shale  formation,  which  is  reached 
from  Leavenworth  by  fourteen  miles  of  road  and  three  miles  of  trail.  On  this 
range  are  two  great  parallel  ledges  of  light  green  schistose  talc  between 
granite  walls,  carrying  free  gold.  The  Monterey  Gold  Mining  and  Mllllns 
Company  has  nine  claims,  comprising  the  Georgie  Smith  group.  Eight 
claims  are  on  a  ledge  of  light  grreen  talcdse  quarta  sixty  feet  wide,  with  no 
defined  pay  streaks,  which  was  tapped  in  thirty-five  feet  by  a  cross-cut  last 
summer.  The  gold  is  said  to  be  all  free  and  assays  of  surface  specimens 
have  run  $3.25,  $125,  $!S50  and  $3,128  gold.  The  other  claim  is  on  a  seven-foot 
cross  ledge.  The  company  Is  about  to  erect  a  ten-stamv  mill  and  will  begin 
milling  ore  this  spring.  ,     ^  .  ,    ,,.  .       ^ 

On  the  extension  of  the  Georgie  Smith  ledge  the  Cable  Mining  Company, 
of  Seattle,  has  five  claims,  which  with  two  on  a  second  ledge  on  the  east 
bank  of  Mad  River,  are  known  as  the  Palmer  group.  The  main  ledge  on  tbl9 
group  is  thirty-five  feet  wide  and  shows  a  pay  streak  of  twenty-four  Inches 
at  a  depth  of  eleven  feet  In  an  open  cut,  ore  from  which  assayed  $186  gold. 
A  cross-cut  tapped  the  main  ledge  in  forty  feet,  but  has  not  cut  through  It 
This  ledge  crops  so  strongly  that  It  can  be  readily  traced  for  15,000  feot.  The 
second  ledge  is  also  a  true  fissure  in  granite.  ,  ,    „    ^    ,  . 

J.  C.  Parsons  and  Bickford  &  Son  have  the  two  Hawk's  Nest  claims  on 
the  Georgie  Smith  ledge.  On  a  twenty-foot  ledge  of  free  milling  ore  Louts 
Heuch,  Charles  Blazier,  Charles  Lllygren  and  Max  Spromberg  have  tha 
Mother  Lode  group  of  four  claims,  on  which  they  have  run  a  ertxtoen-root 
tunnel.  .      „ 

At  the  mouth  of  Deep  Creek  the  Deep  Creek  Mlnln«  Conipany  has  a  jfroup 
of  thirteen  placer  clalnas.  on  which  four  men  were  employed  last  iiummer 
with  a  hydraulic  g^ant.  The  dl»  carried  about  2«_oentB  a  yard  and  about 
«0  per  cent  of  the  value  isaaved  in  the  sluice  boxes  with  silver  pUtes,  though 
the.  gold  In  the  Chlwah  RShrer  bars  is  generally  so  fine  that  It  can  only  b« 
saved  by  great  care  and  skill. 


80 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


The  extension  of  the  wagon  road  from  Shugart's  ranch  to  the  head  of  th« 
Chlwah  River  or  Phelps  Creek  would  not  be  attended  with  any  great  diffi- 
culty and  would  do  much  to  facilitate  work.  It  1h  understood  that  the  people 
of  Leavenworth  contemplate  making  this  improvement,  as  it  would  redound 
greatly  to  their  benefit. 


LAKE    CHELAN. 


y  K  ■ 


Development  is  fast  proving  that  the  precipitous  mountains  which  shut 
In  this  beautiful  body  of  water  on  each  side  are  full  of  mineral  equal  In 
abundance  and  value  to  tho  mineral  belt  which  is  cut  by  the  Columbia 
River  and  extends  east  and  west  along  the  boundary  line  for  an  indefinite 
distance.  The  principal  ore  bodies  opened  so  far  carry  gold-bearing  iron 
and  copper  pyrites,  but  there  are  also  in  close  proximity  rich  narrow  ledgee 
of  silver-bearing  ores. 

The  district,  while  not  tapped  by  any  railroad,  is  easily  accessible.  From. 
Seattle  one  goes  by  the  Greac  Northern  Railroad  to  Wenatchee,  174  miles* 
by  the  sttamer  City  of  Ellensburg  to  Chelan  Falls,  thirty-nine  miles;  by 
stage  to  Chelan,  three  and  one-half  miles,  or  to  liakeslde,  live  miles-  or 
steamer  City  of  Ellensburg  to  La  Chapolle,  forty  miles,  and  stage  to  Chelan 
two  and  one-half  miles;  by  steamer  Stehekln  to  Meadow  Creek,  flfty-two- 
miles,  or  Railroad  Creek,  the  same  distance,  these  two  streams  emptying 
into  the  lake  almost  opposite  one  another.  If  one  wishes  to  make  a  more 
extended  trip  to  adjoining  mining  districts,  the  Seattle  &  International  train 
can  be  taken  from  Seattle  to  Woolley,  eighty  miles;  the  Seattl.-  &  Northern 
train  thence  to  Hamilton,  fourteen  miles;  stage  thence  to  Marble  Mount, 
thirty-four  miles,  then  go  on  horseback  over  the  state  trail,  which  runs  up 
the  Cascade  River,  over  the  Cascade  Pass  and  down  the  Stehekin  River  ta 
the  mouth  of  Bridge  Creek,  forty-one  miles.  Leaving  the  state  trail  here, 
one  would  go  sl.'cteen  miles  over  another  trail  to  Stehekin,,  at  the  heart  of 
Lake  Chelan,  where  the  steamer  Stehekin  would  be  taken  and  one  would 
go  in  the  reverse  direction  over  the  route  first  described.  Taking  this  route, 
the  traveler  would  make  a  circuit  of  471  miles  and  would  pass  through  the 
Skagit  copper  belt,  the  Cascade  and  Stehekin  silver  belt,  the  Lake  Chelan 
gold,  copper  and  silver  district,  and  the  Wenatchee  low  grade  gold  diatrlct. 
This  trip  would  at  the  same  time  give  an  opportunity  to  see  the  Switzerland 
of  America  and  enjoy  unrivaled  hunting  and  fishing. 

The  country  rock  of  this  region  is  granite,  amid  which  lie  great  dikes 
of  porphyry,  and  the  ledges  are  usually  in  the  contact  between  these  two 
rocks  in  tho  Meadow  Creek  District,  their  course  beinj?  slightly  south  of  west 
and  north  of  east.  The  first  prospecting  was  done  in  1891  from  rowboats  on 
the  lake,  whence  the  croppings  of  mineral  could  be  descried  on  the  mountains 
on  each  side,  but  In  the  following  year  the  heights  were  scaled  and  explored 
in  a  more  thorough  search. 

The  first  discovery  has  so  far  proved  t  he  greatest,  thanks  to  the  energetic 
development  of  the  last  year,  though  others  may  yet  rival  it.  This  Is  the 
Blue  Jay,  on  the  east  bank  of  Meadow  Creek,  1,000  feet  above  the  east  bank 
of  the  lake,  discovered  by  Capt.  Charles  Johnson,  of  Lakeside.  It  is  now 
being  developed  to  a  depth  of  l.W  feet  by  the  Chelan  Gold  Mining  Company, 
which  has  bought  it.  The  red  iron  capping  of  the  ledge  rises  in  a  ser^s  of 
big  swells  on  both  sides  of  and  above  a  slide  in  which  the  orumLied,  Iron- 
stained  rock  slopes  for  !iOO  feet  down  to  the  next  bench.  It  is  a  clearly  defined 
ledge  of  iron  and  copper  pyrites  from  thirty  to  forty-five  ffet  wide  between 
walls  of  granite  and  porphyry,  the  line  of  cleavage  being  inarked  by  seams 
of  quartz.  Of  the  ledge  eight  feet  is  white  quartz  and  ten  feet  is  diorlte 
exactly  like  tnat  of  other  sulphide  districts.  An  assay  of  the  surface  ore 
showed  it  to  carry  $8  gold,  12  per  cent,  copper  and  a  little  silver. 

An  open  cross-cut  and  t  mnel  were  run  on  the  ledge  for  seventy-two  feet, 
giving  a  depth  of  fifty  feet,  and  cross-cuts  were  then  run  twenty-six  feet  to 
the  hanging  wall  and  fifteen  feet  to  the  footwall,  defining  the  width  of  the 
le<ige  as  forty-six  feet.  A  winze  was  sunk  on  the  hanging  wall  for  nine  feet 
to  ascertain  whether  the  ore  chute  widened.  It  proved  that  the  chute  widened 
from  eighteen  inches  of  broken  ore  at  the  roof  of  the  tunnel  to  twenty-eight 
Inches  of  solid  ore  at  the  floor  of  the  winze,  with  a  total  width  of  seven  feet. 
This  improvement  occurred  in  a  depth  of  fifteen  feet  between  the  roof  of  the 
tunnel  and  the  floor  of  the  winze.  There  were  also  in  the  width  of  the  ledge 
four  other  streaks  of  lulid  ore,  one  three  feet  wide  composed  mostly  of  oxide 
of  copper,  with  de  omposed  quartz  and  iron  pyrites;  the  three  others,  twenty, 
six  and  four  inches  wide  respectively,  of  solid  iron  and  copper  sulphides,  the 
last  being  against  the  footwall.  The  ledge  is  also  mineralized  throughout, 
and  through  It  run  various  streaks  of  soft  Iron  and  copper  sulphides,  having 
a  greater  dip  than  the  wider  pay  streaks  an^all  tending  towards  the  footwaU 
—an  indication  that  at  depth  they  will  come  together.  Assays  from  the 
average  of  the  pay  streaks  In  the  winze  range  from  $18  to  J37  for  all  values, 


)  the  head  of  the 

any  great  dlffl- 

cl  that  the  people 

t  would  redound 


alns  which  shut 
nineral  equal  in 
y  the  Columbia 
for  an  Indefinite 
old-bearing  Iron 
h  narrow  ledgea 

ccesslble.  From' 
tehee,  174  miles: 
'^-nlne  miles;  by 
',  live  miles;  or 
stage  to  Chelan 
Creek,  fifty-two- 
reams  emptying 
to  make  a  more 
ternatlonal  train 
ttle  &  Northern 
Marble  Mount, 
,  which  runs  up 
ehekln  River  to 
state  trail  here, 
at  the  heart  of 
and  one  would 
iklng  this  route, 
ass  through  the 
ha  Lake  Chelan 
de  gold  district, 
the  Switzerland 

He  great  dikes 
ween  these  two 
ly  south  of  west 
om  rowboats  on 
a  the  mountains 
ed  and  explored 

to  the  energetic 
It.  This  Is  the 
e  the  east  Imnk 
ilde.  It  Is  now 
Inlng  Company, 
!S  In  a  series  of 
crumLied,  Iron- 
i  clearly  defined 
(t  wide  between 
arked  by  seams 
1  feet  is  dlorite 
the  surface  ore 
^er. 

iventy-two  feet, 
enty-slx  feet  to 
16  width  of  the 
ill  for  nine  feet 
e  chute  widened 
to  twenty-eight 
h  of  seven  feet, 
the  roof  of  the 
1th  of  the  ledge 
mostly  of  oxide 
others,  twenty, 
r  sulphides,  the 
sed  throughout, 
ilphldes,  having 
rds  the  footwafi 
3says  frora  the 
r  for  all  values. 


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I'  -^  NG  IN  rue  PACtnc 

Tndex  to  Num- 
bered  ClalniB 
South  of  Lake. 


1, 


North    etar 
Group. 
Agnes. 
Monarch. 
Mystary. 


6.  Mystic. 

6.  Deer    Park. 

7.  W.  T. 

8.  Sunrise. 
.9.  Sunset. 

to.  Stockholm. 
U.  Gold  Bug. 
t2.  H«rU>n. 


13.  Goerleke. 

14.  MonteRosa. 

15.  Dawn. 

16.  Mary  G. 

17.  Black  Cap. 

18.  White  Cap. 

19.  Blue  Cap. 
30.  Sis4  Gap. 


a.  Tenderfoot. 
22.  Emma. 
22.  Minnie. 
24.  A.  M.  H. 
2(».  Irene. 
2(J.  (Jold  Bug.   ' 
yr.  Buckskin. 
2.1.  CJhelan. 


29.  Copper  Mtn 

No.  1. 

30.  Copper  Mtn 

No.  2. 

31.  Lulu  H. 

32.  Lottie. 

33.  SKy  Rocket. 

34.  MaryOreen. 


55.  Iron  Dyke. 

36.  Last 

Chance. 

37.  Raymond. 

38.  Marcus 
Stein  Group. 

39.  D.T.Denny 

Group. 


North  c 

1.  MOB( 

2.  8ilv< 

3.  Busi 

4.  'Nebi 

5.  Clay 

6.  Phy 

;.  Orui 


MRMHM 


eivii  A!%o  MiMiNo  SNaiNaA.    I 


Iron  Dyke, 
last 

Chance. 

Raymond, 

Marcus 

Stein  Oroup. 

D.T.Denny 

Q-roup. 


North  of  Laka. 

1.  Moscow. 

2.  Silver  Bell. 

3.  Buster. 

4.  'Nebraska. 

5.  Clayton. 

6.  Phyllis. 

7.  0rumrlne. 


8.  Emma  Lee. 

9.  MattleJane. 
!0.  Wolverine. 
U.  Idaho. 

12.  Canada. 

13.  Devonshire. 

14.  Mastodon. 

15.  Ellephant. 


16.  Hard- 

scrabble. 

17.  Lake  View. 

18.  Emma. 

19.  Diamond  J. 

20.  Gem. 

21.  Blue  Jay. 

22.  'Blue  Jay 


'  'bought. 


27.  Chub. 

28.  Unique. 

29.  Black  Bear, 

30.  New  York, 

31.  Confidence, 
^.  Seattle.^ 

33.  Slsmarck. 

34.  Johnson, 


35.  Iowa. 

36.  Carrie  A. 

37.  Orphan 
Boy. 

Hunter. 
39.  Silver  King. 


y 


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.ajrohocn  .fir  --•iP'^M  .a     -miit^  oi 


gold  predomlr 
Bhowert  18'/4  P* 

A  coiitnict 
and  tup  the  le 
will  be  oompl) 
eroBB-cut  to  ti 
where  the  cro 
enters  the  led 
ore  8up«'rlor  t 
a  comproHHor 

The  Hlu.! 
feet  on  th<'  Iv 
extenHlon,  ow 
and  tuniifl  ah 
119  Kold   aiid 
the  IfdK*'  thrt 
fliilms  of  Mc8 
extension    E. 
Gibson  iind  P 

At  least  n 
Home  of  them 
Kmma  Lee,  o 
wide  In  a  por 
open  cut  and 
]■>  per  cent,  co 
and  the  Iron  ( 

The  Phylll 
Crumiine,  S. 
of  Seattle,  for 
Ing  several  \n 
Inch  streak  (i 
copper,  $C.50  g 
open  up  the  01 

The  Nebn 
eighteen  feet 
hanging  wall 
galena  to  wk 
21  ounces  sllvi 

The  Idahc 
Development 
wide  between 
and  crops  1 
croppln^K  s 
gold,  16  ount 
In  the  hanRi 
200  feet  of  de 

Another 
runs  through 
feet  along  th 
feet  of  01 0  ca 
11  ounces  slH 
the  tunnel  Is 
Nlcol  and  N 

The  rtust 
Is  on  a  ledge 
native  silver 
Creek  M.  M 
shaft  have 
the  Blue  Jay 
Boyd,  who  h 
long.  The  t 
doch,  are  pa 
pings. 

Crossing 
are  four  par 
group  of  th 
four-foot  le( 
Phelps  has 
twelve  Inche 
claims,  on 
Seattle  Gold 
and  on  one 
four  inch  ch 
Ave  feet  on 
500  feet.  TH 
on  a  great 
as  high  as  6 

The  first 
and  thus  dri 


h( 


si 


MININO    IN    THK    PACIFU'    N'TITII NVK8T.  |1 

gold  predomlniitlng.     The  hlRhPHt  usnay  wnH  from  tho  copper  nulphl(Ie»  and 
nhowed  16',a  por  icnt.  <  oppt-r.  $lfi.So  Kold.  the  rt-mulndcr  Hllvcr. 

A  contract  hfiH  bee^i  1<M  for  100  feet  of  croHn-cut  tunnel  to  follow  ii  feeder 
and  tup  the  IcdKe  at  a  de;Hh  of  220  feet,  after  runntnK  200  feet.  This  contract 
will  be  completed  by  May  1,  when  another  will  he  let  for  un  extension  of  the 
croBB-cut  to  tap  the  ledRc.  The  feeder  to  be  followed  cropH  two  IncheH  wide 
where  the  crosH-cut  enterH  It  and  widens  to  three  feet  at  the  point  where  It 
enters  the  ledge,  in  the  llrHt  thirty-three  feet  It  widened  to  elpht  Inches  of 
ore  BUiM'Hor  to  that  In  the  main  ledge.  The  company  Is  ineparlng  to  erect 
a  comprcHHor  plant  and  power  drIllH  In  the  spring. 

The  Mine  Jay  ledge  haH  been  traced  <  tward,  where  it  widens  to  sixty 
feet  on  the  two  Oem  claims,  owned  by  ('.4,it.  Johnson,  and  on  the  Blue  Jay 
extension,  owned  by  O.  (Jraham,  of  Anucortes,  where  a  thirty-foot  open  out 
and  tunnel  show  It  to  be  well  mineralized,  with  u  pay  streak' carrying  $10  to 
$19  gold  and  half  tiiat  value  In  silver.  Further  extensions  eastward  trace 
the  ledge  through  the  Winnipeg,  owned  by  A.  Crunirlne,  the  two  Iron  Cross 
claims  of  Messrs.  Turner  and  Bull  and  onward  to  the  Hummlt.       >n  the  west 

extension    K.    F.   Christy,    A.    H.    Murdoch   and Buckingham    have   the 

Gibson  and  Frank  LIghtner  the  Granite. 

At  least  five  distinct  ledges  parallel  with  the  Blue  Jay  have,  been  traced, 
some  of  them  to  the  summit  of  the  Methow  Range.  On  one  of  these  Is  the 
Kmma  Lee,  owned  by  S.  J.  Gray  and  E.  J.  Wilder,  where  It  crops  fifteen  feet 
wide  In  a  porphyry  dlV',  and  shows  three  feet  oi'  solid  mineral  In  a  fifty  foot 
open  cut  and  ffunp' 1.  The  surface  ore  assayed  $14. .V)  gold,  fi  ounces  silver, 
15  per  cent.  copr.»'.  The  Mattle  Jane,  owned  by  8.  J.  Gray  and  "Bill"  Rasnic, 
and  the  Iron  Crip,  by  S.  J.  Gray,  adjoin. 

The  rhylUs  group  of  three  claims  on  this  ledge  has  been  oonded  by  Andrew 
Crumrlne,  S.  J,  Gray  and  L.  H.  Millard  to  J.  B.  Bowles  and  J.  G.  Cotton, 
of  Seattle,  for  development.  The  ledge  crops  at  least  thirty  feet  wide,  show- 
ing several  jiay  streaks,  and  a  tunnel  112  feet  along  it  shows  a  two  to  seven 
Inch  streak  of  copper  sulphides  on  the  hanging  wall  assaying  21  per  cent, 
copper,  $G.50  gold,  8  ounces  sliver.  It  Is  intended  to  cross-cut  at  100  feet  and 
open  up  the  other  pay  streaks. 

The  Nebraska,  on  the  same  ledge,  is  owned  by  I...  H.  Millard,  and  has 
eighteen  feet  of  mineralized  porphyry,  with  a  thlrty-slx  foot  tunnel  on  the 
hanging  wall  showing  a  pay  streak  of  copper  sulphides,  gray  copper  and 
galena  to  widen  from  four  to  eight  Inches,  surface  ore  assaying  $1.25  gold, 
21  ounces  silver. 

The  Idaho  group  of  two  claims,  owned  by  the  Seattle  Gold  Mining  and 
Development  Company,  l.s  on  a  parallel  ledge  of  porphyry  over  fifty  feet 
wide  between  granite  walls,  which  has  been  traced  to  the  Sawtooth  Range 
and  (^rops  In  a  gulch  running  to  the  lake.  It  Is  capped  with  Iron  and  the 
cropplngK  show  three  feet  of  sulphides  and  gray  copper,  assaying  $8  to  $16 
gold,  16  ounces  silver,  16  per  cent,  copper.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  seventy  feet 
in  the  hanging  wall,  and  when  It  is  In  100  feet  the  ledge  will  be  cross-cut,  with 
200  feet  of  depth.     The  Canada,  by  William  Bigger,  is  on  the  extension. 

Another  mineralized  porphyry  dike  of  great  width,  1,000  feet  northwest, 
runs  through  the  Moscow,  owned  by  Andrew  Crumrlne.  An  open  cut  thirty 
feet  along  the  hanging  wall  is  being  extended  In  a  tunnel  and  shows  three 
feet  of  oto  carrying  copper  sulphides  and  peacock  copper  which  assays  $8  gold, 
11  ounces  silver,  7  to  11  per  cent,  copper.  The  whole  ledge  Is  mineralized  and 
the  tunnel  is  being  extend'^d  with  a  view  to  cross-cutting.  A.  Crumrlne,  J.  W. 
Nicol  and  N.  B.  Church  have  the  Silver  Bell  on  the  east  extension. 

The  Buster  group  of  thre<.'  claims,  owned  by  H.  JI.  Hunt  and  Ole  Olsen, 
Is  on  a  ledge  near  the  head  of  Fish  Creek,  carrying  pyrites,  associated  with 
native  silver.  On  a  parallel  six-foot  ledge  of  sulphide  ore  crossing  Meadow 
Creek  M.  M.  Kingman  and  R.  N.  Pershall  have  the  Chub,  and  In  a  thirty-foot 
shaft  have  .shown  ore  assaying  $14  gold,  $18  silver.  A  four-foot  ledge  crossing 
the  Blue  Jay  is  covered  by  the  Emma  group  of  three  claims,  owned  by  Spencer 
Boyd,  who  has  shown  three  feet  of  sulphides  in  two  cuts,  ten  and  twenty  feet 
long.  The  three  Bismarck  claims,  owned  by  W.  P.  Robinson  and  A.  H.  Mur- 
doch, are  parallel  with  the  Blue  Jay  and  show  copper  sulphides  in  the  crop-, 
pings. 

Crossing  Cascade  Creek,  which  empties  half  a  mile  below  Meadow  Creek, 
are  four  parallel  ledges,  on  three  of  which  J.  Robert  Moore  has  the  Cascade 
group  of  three  claims.  T\70  ten-foot  luniiels  have  been  run,  one  showing  a 
four-foot  ledge  carrying  two  feet  of  sulphides  mixed  with  galena.  W.  H. 
Phelps  has  the  Iowa  on  a  parallel  ledge.  In  which  a  forty-foot  tunnel  shows 
twelve  Inches  of  ore  assaying- $60  gold,  200  ounces  silver.  The  two  Silver  King 
claimb,  on  another  ledge  cut  by  Cascade  Crock,  have  been  bonded  by  the 
Seattle  Gold  Mining  and  Development  Company.  The  ledge  is  ten  feet  wide 
and  on  one  side  shows  Iron  and  copper  sulphides  and  on  the  other  a  twenty- 
four  Inch  chute  of  galena  ore,  carrying  a  little  copper.  A  tunnel  Is  in  thirty- 
flve  feet  on  this  ore  chute  and  when  extended  to  200  feet  will  give  a  depth  of 
500  feet.  The  Elephant  and  another  claim,  owned  by  J.  M.  Scheuyeaulle,  are 
on  a  great  body  of  ore  50  to  100  feet  wide  carrying  silver,  assays  having  run 
as  high  as  60  ounces.  ,     ,     , 

The  first  ore  shipped  from  Lake  Chelan  had  silver  for  Its  principal  va. v^- . 
and  thus  drew  attention  from  the  great  ledges  of  pyrites  on  the  heights.    The 


82 


MINING     IN    THK    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


MIN 


Sunday  Morning,  owned  by  J.  Robert  Moore,  is  on  a  twelve-inch  ledge  of 
quartz  croj)ping  on  the  water's  edge  at  the  foot  of  a  granite  cliff,  and  a 
seventy-foot  tunnel  showed  it  to  widen  to  five  feet,  with  a  v>ay  streak  carrying 
galena  and  ruby  silver  two  to  four  inches  wide.  A  shipment  of  4,600  pounds 
to  the  Omaha  smelter  returned  $250  a  ton  Kro.ss.  The  tloor  of  the  tunnel  is 
now  being  lowered  three  and  one- half  feet  and  the  ore  taken  out  in  doing  so 
is  sacked  for  shipment,  the  latest  assay  being  2,005  ounces  silver  and  $71  gold. 
When  this  work  is  completed  the  tunnr  1  will  be  extended.  Mr.  Moore  in  also 
driving  a  tunnel  on  the  Happy  Though  ,  adjoining. 

The  Little  Jap  group  of  four  cluims  is  on  ii  !<  dge  of  porphyry  four  feet 
wide  and  carrying  two  inches  of  high-grade  ruby  silwr  ore,  cropping  250  feet 
above  the  lake,  with  a  cross  ledge  of  the  same  width  currying  iron  and  copper 
sulphides.  A  tunnel  thirty-five  feet  showed  the  pay  streak  to  widen  to  four 
Inches,  with  iron  sulphides  of  smal  value  throughout  the  ledge  matter.  A 
cross-cut  has  been  run  ttfty-tive  feet  to  lap  both  ledges  at  depth. 

On  the  Hunter  group  of  two  claims  D.  H.  Lord  and  A.  W.  La  Chapelle 
have  a  four-foot  ledge  with  a  foui-inch  .streak  of  gray  copper  and  ruby  silver 
cropping  near  the  mouth  of  Cascade  Creek.  A  fifteen-foot  tunnel  has  shown 
ore  assaying  140  ounces  silver,  Sifi  gold. 

The  Railroad  Creek  discoveries  show  ledges  of  galena  on  the  summit  of 
the  Entiat  Range,  where  this  district  adjoins  Red  Hill  in  the  Leavenworth 
District,  the  Chiwah  and  Phelps  Creek  flowing  south  from  one  side  and 
Railroad  Creek  flowing  east  from  the  other.  The  latter  stream  has  Its  source 
in  Red,  or  Nellie,  Lake,  and  Green,  or  Jackson,  Lake,  and  makes  a  leap  of 
1,350  feet  at  Bv<;echer  Palls  into  Rodgers  L;ike,  two  miles  further  east.  On 
the  summit,  near  the  two  former  lakes,  eighteen  miles  from  Lake  Chelan, 
the  Cascade  Range  Mining  Company  has  the  North  Star  group  of  eight 
claims,  six  on  one  ledge  and  two  on  another,  the  formation  being  granite  and 
the  course  southwest  and  northeast.  The  main  lodge  has  a  pay  streak  of 
fifteen  to  twenty  Indies,  assaying  100  to  140  ounces  silver  and  33  1-3  per  cent, 
lead,  shown  in  tunnels  tAventy-five  and  thirty-three  feet  long. 

A  great  deposit  of  gold-bearing  copper  ore  was  discovered  in  July,  1896, 
by  J.  H.  Holden,  of  Seattle.  Thi  ledge  is  at  least  seventy-five  feet  wide 
between  dlorite  w.alls  and  runs  northwest  and  southeast  from  the  base  of 
Cougar  Mountain  across  Railroad  Creek  and  through  Copper  and  Irene 
Mountains.  The  ore  body  is  from  thirty  to  fifty  feet  wide,  containing  five 
distinct  streaks  of  copper  and  iron  sulphides  close  together,  carrying  $4  to 
$.10.20  gold  and  2%  to  1.S  per  cent,  copper.  There  are  intervening  streaks  of 
copper  carbonates  carrying  19  per  cent,  copper  and  $9.50  gold.  On  this  ledge 
Mr.  Holden  has  the  Irene  group  of  three  claims,  on  which  he  has  recently 
resumed  work. 

Ten  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  creek  a  ledge  has  bf-.a  exposed  by  a 
slide  in  the  bed  of  Wilson  Creek  between  granite  walls  and  shows  in  the 
croppings  four  feet  of  quartz  carrying  ant.lmontal  silver  and  fine-grained 
pyrites.  The  Seattle  Gold  Mining  and  Developirient  Company  has  the  Ray- 
mond, and  Marcus  Stein  has  two  claims  named  after  himself,  from  the 
Hun'aoe  of  which  he  took  ore  assaying  high  in  gold  and  silver,  but  he  has 
done  no  development. 

STEHEKIN    DISTBICT. 

With  a  story  of  a  lost  mine  dating  back  to  1880,  this  district  has  a  mining 
histor.y  beginning  in  the  year  1885.  Ifextonds  along  the  summit  of  the  range 
northward  from  Cascade  Pass  and  includes  the  whole  watershed  of  the 
Stehekln  River.  Discoveries  began  on  Doubtful  .Lake,  north  oi'  the  pass, 
then  extended  to  Horseshoe  Basin,  then  along  each  side  of  the  Stehekln 
Canyon,  next  up  Park  and  Bridge  Creeks,  flowing  from  the  right,  and  then 
up  Agnes  and  Company  Creeks  on  the  left.  Development  has  proceeded  far 
enough  to  prove  the  presence  of  smal!  ledges  of  rich  ore  and  large  ledges 
of  low-grade  ore  In  clos^e  proximity,  but  hitherto  the  many  handicaps  which 
beser.  the  progress  of  a  mining  camp  have  prevented  any  mine  frori  becoming 
a  producer.  Yet  the  high-grade  ore  would  pay  a  handsome  profit  on  ship- 
ment to  the  smelter.  The  ore  Is  of  two  kinds— one  carrying  galena,  gray 
conper  and  sulphides  in  which  silver  Is  the  principal  .alue,  though  there 
Is  a  large  admlxtti.re  of  gold;  the  other  carrying  iron  and  copper  sulphides 
nnd^.r  the  familiar  Iron  cap,  which  has  heen  fouijd  a  sure  sign  of  a  mineral 
deposit  throughout  the  Cascades,  as  in  the  Gold  Range,  The  sulphides  are 
always  of  low  grade,  at  least  on  the  surface,  their  value  being  divided  amonn- 
gold,  copper  and  silver,  usually  In  the  order  named.  While  the  8ulphld»>i 
Iedg<»M  are  of  great  size,  those  carrying  mainly  sllvrer-lead  o'-pn  are  of  no 
mean  proportions,  often  spreading  to  a  width  of  ninety  feet  'm  1*16  surface 
TLe  ledges  near  the  headwaters  of  the  Stehekln  generally  .  -n  from  east  to 
west  and  cleave  the  granite  country  rock  so  strongly  t'  .  ;  they  can  be 
traced  with  the  eye  by  the  break  in  the  line  of  the  latter  on  the  Jagged 
summits  for  mllea. 

The  mcpt  convenient  route  to  this  dHtrlct  at  present  la  the  most  cir- 
cuitous.    Going  by  the  Great  Northern  train  to  Wenatchee,  174  niil«a    one 


lakes  the  steamer 
forty  miles,  goes  b: 
Ive.ly,  and  then  by 
the  head  of  Lake  <. 
to  ride  thirty  miles 
to  Doubtful  Lake, 
oft"  to  Compan.v  ar 
Creeks  on  the  right 
Seattle  &  Internal 
Seattle  &  Noriherr 
up  the  Skagit  Vail 
forty  miles,  then  o' 
In  the  one  case  the  < 

On  the  basin  sii 
Rouse  in  Septembei 
black  sulphiirets  "an 
feet,  while  it  spreat 
traced  by  the  red 
Basin  and  runs  -w« 
■where  it  crops  on 
claims  are  on  tlie 
quite  as  clearly  tn 
Lake  and  I'^lora  or 
claims  are  now  ov 
Adolph  Bebrens,  ol 
120  feet  on  rhe  leds 
more  or  less  minen 
On  the  Doubtful  ti 
iu:;hes  of  ore  which 
lead,  while  the  rest 
a  six-foot  led^',(>  asf 
extenBions  or  liaral) 
and  George  Taylor 

In    1889    and    sue 
traced  through  to  I 
who  found  the  Quii 
Pershall,    Ed    Persl 
ledges   was  located, 
in  width  from  twel 
on  the  same   ledge 
have  run  a  tunn.il 
$3  to  $5  gold  and 
Basin,   with   two 
W^arrior  group  and 
cut  tunnel  is   in  12! 
first   075   feet   furt 
ledge  to  be  at  least 
tV)  ounces  sliver  aur 

Below    the   >onf 
crops  twelve  feet 
located  across  the 
is  on  this  ledg(: 
Mav  and  Mrs    lies 
the  ledge,   showin 
700  ounces  sliver 
dump,   where  it  h 
years,  returned  $60 

On   the  same   1 
and    Charles    John 
thirty  to  flfty  feet 
thirty-foot  open  ct 
gray  copper,   and 
Vam.   under  the 
Iso'etta  group,  and 
sions   Albert   Persl 
Keller   the  Viola. 
Flamingo,    owned 
run  up  to  $3  goifl. 
same  owners  have 
copper,  3  ouncos  si 
Shyall  on  a  ledge 
10  ounces  silver  a 
from  eight  to  flft 
and  his  associates 
high  as  'IfjO  gold. 
leago  about  twent 
and  are  owned  by 

The   Crown    Pr 
others,  of  Spokan 
cross-cut   :t   by   tu 


4( 


f 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


takes  the  steamer  City  of  Elleiisburg  up  the  Colombia  to  Chelan  Falls, 
forty  mili-f,  fe'oes  bj'  stage  to  Chelan  or  Lakeside,  four  or  five  miles  respect- 
ively, and  then  by  the  steamer  Stehekln  to  the  postoflflce  of  Stehekln  at 
the  head  of  I.<ake  Chrlan,  sixty-eight  mlli-t'.  There  horses  can  be  procured 
to  ride  thirty  miles  over  the  trail  to  Horseshoe  Basin,  or  the  same  distance 
to  Doubtful  bake,  in  each  case  un  the  Stehekln  River.  Trails  also  branch 
off  to  Company  and  Agnes  Creeks  on  the  left  and  up  Bridge  and  Park 
Creeks  on  the  risht.  A  shorter  route  with  a.  longer  horseback  ride  is  by  thq. 
Seattle  &  International  Railroad  to  V  -"ollny,  eighty  miles,  and  by  the 
Seattle  &  Northern  to  Hamilton,  fourt  ..  miles,  over  a  good  wagon  road 
up  the  Skagit  Valley  and  six  miles  be^  'nd  Marble  Mount,  a  distance  of 
forty  miles,  then  over  the  state  trail  twenty-five  miles  to  the  Cascade  Pass. 
In  the  one  case  the  distance  Is  317  miles,  in  the  other  169  miles. 

On  the  basin  surrounding  Doubtful  Lake  George  Ij.  Rouse  and  John  C. 
Rouse  in  September,  1885,  located  the  Quien  Babe  on  a  l«-dge  carrying  galena, 
black  sulphurcts 'and  copper  sulphides,  its  unbroken  width  being  twenty-five 
feet,  while  it  sprtuids  to  150  feet  where  broken  by  granite  horses.  It  can  be 
traced  by  the  red  iron  stain  eastward  through  the  sawteeth  lo  Horneshoe' 
p.asin  and  runs  -westward  through  tlie  summit  into  the  Cascade  District, 
Ti'here  it  crops  on  the  Boston,  at  the  side  of  the  Boston  GLicier.  Two 
ciaims  are  on  the  extensions.  On  a  parallel  ledge  twenty -feet  wide  and 
quite  as  clearly  traceable  east  and  west  they  took  the  Doubtfvj!  and  the 
Lake  and  I'^lora  on  smaller  ledges  parallel  with  it.  The  two  Qulen  Sabe 
claims  are  now  owned  jointly  by  the  Rouses,  C.  C.  May,  of  Davenport, 
Adolph  Bebrens,  of  Seattle,  and  Harry  Frank.  They  have  run  a  tunnel 
120  feet  on  rhe  ledge,  showing  two  feet  of  ore,  with  the  remaining  gangue 
more  or  less  mineralized,  but  have  not  cross-cut  to  find  othe»-  p.ay  streaks. 
On  the  Doubtful  tunnels  have  been  run  110  and  30  feet,  shov  ing  eighteen 
inches  of  ore  which  averages  JIBJO  gold,  37.80  ounce.-;  silver  an<!  44  p^r  cent, 
lead,  while  the  rest  of  the  ledge  would  pay  to  concentrate.  The  Fl-vra  has 
a  six-foot  ledge  assaying  $28  gold  and  40  ounces  silver  on  the  surfaoe.  On 
extensions  or  isarallel  ledges  Britanus  Stennls  has  the  Sunnysid"  and  Genne 
and  George  Taylor  the  Gertie. 

In  1889  and  succeeding  years  the  Doubtful  Lake  series  of  ledges  waa 
traced  through  to  Horseshoe  Basin  by  M.  M.  Kingman  and  Albert  Pershall, 
who  found  the  Qulen  Sabe  ledge  cropping  in  the  lower  basin,  and  by  Ijloyd 
Pershall,  Ed  Pershall  and  Ed  Christy.  In  the  end  a  series  of  thirteen 
ledges  was  located,  cutting  across  the  upper  and  lower  basin  and  ranging 
In  width  from  twelve  to  thirty  feet.  The  Davenport  and  two  otht>r  claimB 
on  the  same  ledge  are  still  owned  by  Messrs.  Kingman  and  Pershall,  who 
have  run  a  tunnel  fifty  feet,  showing  ore  which  assays  60  to  90  ounces  silver, 
$3  to  $5  gold  and  40  per  cent.  lead.  The  other  twelve  ledges  on  Horseshoe 
Basin,  with  two  claims  on  each,  are  known  as  the  Blue  Devil  and  Black 
Warrior  group  and  are  owned  by  Henry  Rustln,  of  Hazelton,  Pa.  A  cross- 
cut tunnel  is  In  125  feet  to  cross-cut  all  twelve  ledges,  and  will  strike  the 
first  67?;  feet  further  at  a  depth  of  440  feet.  Open  cuts  have  shown  th* 
ledge  to  be  at  least  twenty-five  fr-et  wide  and  assays  show  $4.50  to  $7.50  gold 
iW  ounces  silver  and  14  to  17  per  cent,  copper. 

Below  the  confluence  of  Horseshoe  Creek  with  the  Stehekln.  a  ledge 
crops  twelve  feet  wide  in  a  gulch  on  one  wall  of  the  canyon  and  has  been 
located  across  the  river  and  up  the  opposite  mountain.  The  laoletta  croup 
Is  on  this  ledge  and  is  being  developed  by  J.  D.  and  R.  N.  Pershall.  C  C. 
Mav  and  Mrs  Hess,  of  Walla  Wallx.  A  tunnel  has  been  driven  215  feet  on 
the"  ledge,  showing  four  and  one-hilf  feet  of  pay  ore,  which  a-ssavs  300  to 
700  ouncep  silver  and  $3  to  $7  gold.  A  shipment  of  2,200  pounds  from  the 
dump,  where  it  had  been  exposed  to  the  action  of  air  and  water  for  two 
years,  returned  $60  a  ton. 

On  the  same  ledge,  across  the  canyon,  R.  N.  Pershall,   M.   M.   Kingman 
and    Charles    Johnson    have    the    Homestake    and    Star,    on    which   it    croDS 
thirty  to  fifty  feet  wide,   with  a   body  of   ore  four  feet  wide  shown  by  a 
thlrtv-foot  open  cut.     This  ore  carries  chloride  and   bromide   of  silver  and 
gray   copper,   and   assays  112  to  400  ounces  silver  and    $15  gold.      The  Twin 
Falix,    under  the  falls  of  Horseshoe  Creek,    i.s   owned   in   common  with   the 
Iso'etta  group,  and  has  shown  un  three  f.M^t  of  gray  copper  ore.     On  exten- 
sions  Albert   Pershall   and    M.    Ri     Kingman    have   the    Christy,    and    F    *' 
Keller   the  Viola.      The  same  ledge  crops  ten  to  twenty   feet   wide   on    the 
Flamingo,    owned    by   J.    M.    Scheuyeaulle   and    others,    where    assays    have 
run  up  to  $3  gold,  20  ounces  silver,  8  per  cent,  copper.     Adjoining  thin  the 
same  owners  have  the  TiOttle  S.  or.   an  eight-foot  ledge  assaying  9  pei-  cent 
copper,  2  ounces  silver,  and  on  Sh;  .all  Lake  Mr.  Scheuyeaulle  has  the  Lake 
Shyall   on  a  ledge  r.O  to  100  feet    wide,   c-"'  which  assays  have   run  S?  gold 
10  ounces  silver  and  as   high  as   7,")  per  c-'n";.   copper.      On  a  ledge  varvln* 
from  eight  to  fifty  feet  wide,   which  cro8'->3   JTla-t  Creek,  Mr.   Soheuyeau'fc 
and  his  associates  have  the  Sunset  group  of  three  claims,  giving  nssavs  &« 
high  as '$60  gold.     The  Mountain  Sheik  and  ar  tther  claim  are  on  a  paVall*) 
ledge  about  twenty  feet  wide,  as;  aylng  15  oiit.oes  silver.  10  per  cent,  copper 
and  are  owned  by  the  same  parties. 

The  Crown  Prince  and  Free  Coinage,  owned  by  Cook  &  Clarke  and 
others,  of  Spokane,  are  on  a  ledge  running  into  a  steeT>  cliff,  and  the.v  will 
crosH-cut  '.t  by  tunneling  on  a  stringer,  which  has  already   widened  from 


84 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


nine  to  twenty-llirep  inches  In  a  cut  of  only  twenty-eight  Inches.      The  ora 
is  copper  sulphidis  carrying  31  per  cent,  copper,  $4.85  gold  and  3  ounces  silver. 

The  galena  Icdgts  plowed  down  by  the  glaciers  ofHoiseshoe  Hasln  nave 
been  traced  twelve  miles  eastward  to  the  head  of  Bridge  Creek,  twenty- 
three  and  one-half  miles  by  trail  from  Stchekln,  but  there  thev  are  found 
parallel  or  associated  with  ledger,  of  pyritic  ore  in  a  formation  of  granite 
and  porphyry.  Of  the  Tiger  group  of  seven  claims,  owned  by  K.  b. 
•  Ingraham,  H.  O.  Hollenbeck,  Van  Smith,  Professor  Piper,  Lieorge  Voung, 
H.  Willis  Carr  and  othoni,  three  claims  are  on  a  ledge  fully  Hfty  feet  wide, 
running  northeast  and  .southwest  n(>ar  tho  head  of  the  north  loik.  flie 
cropplngs  show  three  pay  streaks,  twenty-four,  eighteen  and  six  inches  wide, 
two  of  them  carrying  galena,  steel  galena,  gray  copper  and  sulphurets,  as 
shown  in  a  twenty-foot  open  cut,  while  a  twelve-foot  shaft  shows  the  third 
to  change  from  large  galera  crystals  to  sulphides.  Assays  range  from  103 
to  176  ounces  silver  and  uniformly  show  about  $24  gold.  Three  other  claims 
are  on  a  parallel  ledge  five  foet  wide,  in  which  a  twenty-foot  tunnel  shows 
a  fourteen-inch  streak  of  white  iron  assaying  ?6  gold,  $8  silver,  besides  copper. 
On  two  of  the  claini.s  cuts  have  been  made  preparatory  to  tunneling  and  have 
shown  a  quartz  gangue,  but  in  the  other  the  gangue  is  porphyry  carrying 
six  inches  of  cube  galena  on  one  wall  and  a  streak  of  iron  sulphides  on  the 
other.  The  remaining  claim  is  on  a  parallel  ledge  of  hard  crystallized  quartz 
about  ten  feet  wide,  carrying  sulphides,  which  assay  $5  gold  and  silver  on 
the  surface. 

The  Minneapolis  is  held  by  William  Keho  and  Joseph  L/athrop  on  a  ledge 
of  iron  and  copp<  r  pyrites  cropping  fifty  feet  between  walls  and  carrying 
mineral  tha  full  width  to  a  value  of  $18  gold,  silver  and  copper.  A  cross-cut 
has  been  driven  forty  feet  and  will  top  the  ledge  In  another  si^ity  feot. 

The  Defender  group  of  three  claims  is  held  by  M.  A.  Allmandinger, 
Daniel  Devore  and  others  on  three  small  ledges,  each  about  two  feel  wide. 
The  main  ledge  was  supposed  to  carry  ruby  silver,  but  a  cut  to  bo  continued 
by  a  tunnel  showed  a  two-inch  streak  carrying  gray  copper  and  sulphides, 
which  a.ssayed  100  ounces  silver.  Another  ledge  showed  four  Inches  of 
galena  in  a  twerit.v-foot  open  cut. 

Among  the  other  leading  claims  on  Bridge  Creek  are  the  Mayflower  on 
a  thirty-foot  h'dge  and  the  East  Side  on  one  five  feet  wide,  both  owned  by 
William  Keho  and  Henry  Quinn.  M.  Bushman  and  W.  I.  Lyle  have  the 
Jefferson  and  Tennessee  on  parallel  ledges  about  eight  feet  wide,  carrying 
galena.  In  the  Maple  C!"eek  Basin  John  Ferguson  has  the  Prince  of  Wales 
on  a  four-foot  ledge  carrying  eighteen  inches  of  antimoniai  and  ruby  silver, 
Qllkey  &  Co.,  of  Edison,  having  the  Lulu  on  the  extension,  an  assay  from 
which  ran  $180  gold  and  silver,  while  ten  other  claims  trace  it  across  the 
mountain  to  Bridge  Creek.  Gilkey  &  Co.  also  have  two  claims  on  a  four-foot 
ledge  with  eighteen  Inches  of  ore  which  averaged  several  hundred  ounces  In 
silver,  and  have  the  Sailor  Boy  on  one  thirty  inches  wide  carrying  $25  gold, 
18  ounces  silver.  At  the  head  of  Bridge  Creek  Is  the  Gray  Eagle  on  a 
four-foot  ledge  assaying  140  ounces  silver  and  $4  gold,  the  owners  belny 
Rogers  &  liowe,  of  Watervllle.  Oscar  Johnson  and  Peter  Dalberg. 

The  great  deposits  of  sulphide  ore  extending  across  Company  and  Agnea 
Creeks  near  their  sources  and  tlirough  the  Intervening  ridge  were  first 
discovered  eight  years  ago  by  Peter  Goericke,  of  Conconully,  but  he  strove 
In  vain  to  find  them  again  on  a  second  trip  and  nearly  lost  his  life  in  the 
attempt.  Dennis  McDonald  and  William  Stlllwell  continued  the  search  and 
In  1894  discovered  s,  ledge  of  iron  pyrites  sixty  feet  wide,  cut  by  Company 
Creek.  They  located  the  Well-known  group  of  claims  on  this  and  parallel 
ledges. 

ueven  of  these  claims  on  one  ledge  comprise  a  group  which  has  been 
acquired  by  the  StehekUi  Mining  Company.  The  ledge  Is  over  100  feet  wide 
In  walls  of  blue  porphyry  and  the  center  claim  is  on  both  sides  of  the  deep 
canyon  of  Company  Crtek,  with  perpendicular  porphyry  walls  for  over  60« 
feet,  in  which  a  500-foot  tunnel  would  give  2,500  feet  of  depth.  The  ledge  is 
clearly  traceable  on  both  these  walls  and  the  quartz  and  schist  gangtie  is 
impregnated  throughout  with  Iron  and  copper  pyrites,  assaying  $2  to  $7 
gold  and  2  to  15  per  cent,  copper. 

The  belt  was  then  traced  through  the  mountains  from  the  head  of 
Railroad  Creek  across  Company  Creek  to  the  head  of  Agnes  Cfeek.  On 
another  iedge,  nowhere  less  than  100  and  often  300  feet  wide,  and  on  spurs 
and  lesser  parallel  ledges,  J.  M.  Scheuyeaulle,  J.  W.  Horton,  Gus  Anderson 
and  J.  E,  Merrltt  have  the  Goericke  group  of  ten  claims,  while  on  a  parallel 
ledge  from  eight  to  fifty  feet  wide  tney  have  three  claims.  Surface  ore  on 
the  wider  ledge  has  assayed  as  high  as  $45  and  on  the  smaller  one  as  high 
as  $G0  gold,  but  the  assays  from  these  bodies  of  sulphi<?e  ore  have  generally 
averaged  about  $7  gold.  As  little  work  has  been  done,  these  a-ssays  are 
all  of  surface  ore,  and  the  precedents  of  other  similar  districts  where  depth 
has  bepn  galn^'d  warrant  the  belief  that  higher  values  will  be  obtained  when 
work  has  oeen  carried  on  some  distance  below  the  surface. 


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33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

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Index  to  Numbered  Claims, 


Korth   of 
Sann-w  Creek. 

1.  Liverpool. 

3.  London 

5.  Oreenga«e. 

4.  Black  QBoy. 

6.  Storm  Kins. 

e.  Big  4.  « 

7.  Crystal. 

8.  California. 

9.  Milly.  i 
10.  Seven  Up. 

U.  Twilight. 

12.  Badger. 

13.  Lou»e. 

14.  (Standard. 
16.  Columbia. 

16.  Yaktma. 

17.  Hidden ;  Treasure. 

18.  iSunrise. 

1».  Grey  Billy. 

ao.  Seattle. 

81.  Austin  burg. 

22.  Balance. 

23.  Dead  iSaot. 
34.  Lookout. 

25.  Sailor  Boy. 

26.  Hunter. 

27.  Jefferson. 

28.  Washington. 

29.  Virginius. 

30.  Buckhorn. 

SL  Highland   Light 

12.  Cora. 

23.  Irene. 

S4.  Chicago. 

26.  Just-in-time. 

86.  Henrietta. 

37.  Philadelphia. 

38.  Gold  Dollar. 
89.  Mary  Ann. 

40.  Dry  Gulch. 

41.  Central. 

42.  Podunk, 

43.  Old  Rye.  i 

44.  Snow  Ball. 

45.  Auro"-. 


46.  Trilby. 

47.  Methow  Queen. 

48.  Paymaster. 

49.  St.  George. 
60.  St.  Patrick. 

51.  Full  Moon. 

52.  Snowflake. 
63.  Lincoln. 
54.  Voltaire. 
56.  Okanogan. 
56.  Ophir. 

67.  Spring. 

68.  Grubstake. 

59.  Yes  I  Know. 

60.  Jeff  Davis. 

61.  Eureka. 

62.  Spike  Team. 

63.  CMton. 

64.  Small  Change. 

65.  Drumlummon.  ' 

66.  Derby. 

67.  Elkhorn. 

68.  Sicily. 

69.  iRansomet. 

70.  Golden  Eagle. 

71.  Homestake. 

72.  Golden  Chariot. 
76.  Tiger. 

74.  Doubtful. 

75.  Little  Fellow. 

76.  Seattle. 

77.  Second  Thought. 

78.  Copper  King. 

79.  Missing  Link. 

80.  Inland  Light. 

81.  Grand  View. 

Soath  of 
StinaTr  Oreelc. 

1.  Tiptop. 

2.  Excelsior. 

3.  iNip  and  Tuck. 

4.  Mountaineer. 

5.  O.  K. 

6.  'Alf  an*  'alf. 

7.  Moonshine. 

8.  Ben  Hur. 


8.  Lily 
10.  Eler 
U.  Cric 

12.  IMan 

13.  Old 

14.  Old 

15.  Blac 

16.  Blue 

17.  Porl 

18.  Selk 

19.  Orig 

20.  66. 

21.  Old 

22.  Bon 

23.  Mea 

24.  Gr< 

26.  Heh 
S».  Lasi 

27.  Smi 


Metl 

L  man 

2.  Em< 

3.  Met 

4.  Yell 

5.  Jos( 

6.  Las 

7.  Cha 

8.  Ren 

9.  Albi 

10.  Sun 

11.  Moi 

12.  Bos 

13.  The 

14.  Bevi 

15.  We* 

16.  Thv 

17.  Sun 

18.  Tue 

19.  Moi 

20.  Ber 

21.  Par 

22.  Pai 

23.  Na^ 

24.  Sa>; 
26.  Dla 


red  Claims,  Methow  District. 


ueen. 


m. 

,nge. 
ion. ' 


Lgle. 
lartot. 


low. 

lovight. 

Ing. 

ink. 

rht. 

sw. 

of 
reek. 


CHiok. 

>er. 

ilf. 
i. 


8.  Lily. 
10.  Blepliant 
U.  Crlchton. 

12.  iMammoth. 

13.  Old  Man. 

14.  Old  Woman; 

15.  Black  Canyon. 

16.  Blue  and  orey. 

17.  (Portland. 

18.  Selkirk. 

19.  Original. 

20.  66. 

21.  Old  Crow. 

22.  Bones. 

23.  Meadow  LArk. 

24.  Grey  Bagle. 
26.  Helensburg. 

26.  Xast  Chance. 

27.  Smuggler. 

Eiumt  of 
Methow  IUTev> 

L  Bluebell. 

2.  Bmerald. 

3.  Methow  Chief. 

4.  Yellow  Duke, 

5.  Josephine. 

6.  Ijast  Chance. 

7.  Charleston. 

8.  Reno. 

9.  Albert  Lea. 

10.  Sunny  South. 

11.  Monte  Cristo. 

12.  Boston. 

13.  Thompson. 

14.  Seven  Eagles. 

15.  Wednesday. 

16.  Thursday. 

17.  Sunday. 

18.  Tuesday. 

19.  Monday. 

20.  Beno. 

21.  Parallel  1. 

22.  Parallel  2. 

23.  Navarre. 

24.  Savage  Queen. 
26.  Diamond   Flush. 


26.  Monitor. 

27.  Carnival. 

28.  BlsmarcK. 
n.  Blue  Grouse. 

30.  Friday. 

31.  California  Boy. 

32.  Decoration. 

33.  Humboldt. 

34.  Ida  May. 

36.  Cripple   Creek. 

36.  DryvlUe. 

37.  Riverside. 

38.  East  End. 

39.  Blue  Rose. 

40.  Twins. 

41.  Schultz-Chesney. 
41  Saturday. 

Nortbern 
Seetton. 

1.  iRed  Shirt 
1  Brooklyn  L 

<.  Pride  of  the  Hills. 

4.  Black  Warrior. 

5.  Crockett. 

6.  Mike  Maloney. 

7.  Silver  Bow. 

8  Brother  Jack. 

9.  Panic. 

10.  Safe  Deposit. 

11.  Spokane. 

12.  North  Star. 

MoFarlane 
Creek. 

L  Guy. 

2.  Bryan. 

8.  Damifino. 

4.  iBlack  Jack. 
6.  Lucky  Boy. 

6.  Jiunbo. 

7.  Tesler. 

8.  Western  PridA. 

9.  Northern  Ligrht. 

10.  Albion. 


/ 


/ 

■">■ 


'■J' 


N 


M 


This  district 

mining  among  tl 

properties  are  o^ 

After  suffering  t 

dlately  following 

an  era  of  steadj 

proof  that  It  is  v 

The  route  froi 

Is  over  the  Great 

City  of  Ellenabui 

five  miles.     Then 

the  left  bank  lea 

seven   miles   furt 

Methow,   in  the  i 

miles  has  been  c 

miles  further.      A 

the  other  side  of 

The  mineral  1 

the  Methow  flows 

wide,  extending  1 

acterlsties  are  th 

"The  country 

cut  by  dikes  of 

mostly  strike  noi 

few  degrees  from 

at  an  angle  of  abi 

the  veins  at  the 

depth  below.     Th 

the  surface  of  th 

glacial  cement,  v 

Is  only  seen  at  ] 

backs  not  coveret 

the  dip  of  the  ve 

left  hand  at  an  a 

of  the  belt  proper 

are  some  veins  ir 

the  north  side  of 

mile  wide,  in  whi( 

none  of  whicl)  ha 

belt  of  syenite,  ej 

Creeks,   in  which 

and  much  riches  i 

carrying  much  m 

main  veins,  whicl 

nearly  six  miles  i 

seam  of  diorite  po 

sl.oving  the  diorlt 

occurs  In  chutes  f 

"The  charactei 

tlte,  filling  the  cr 

of  the  different  s 

metallic  gold  Is  v« 

ara  generally  foui 

terlstlcs  of  the  ori 

talllzed,  contalnln 

zinc   and  arsenic 

quite  a  little  copi 

a    further   sulphui 

position,  carrying 

mony,  arsenic  and 

The  first  miner 

on  Poleplck  Mour 

Shirt  mine.     The 

wide,  and  a  shaft 

at  the  bottom.     T 

Inch   ledge,    while 

showing  Its  width 

copper  sulphurets 

bought  in  the  sui 

ertfcted  a  twenty-« 

dump.     It  crushes 

has  also  begun  a  c 

feet,  expecting  to 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


THE    METHOW. 

This  district  was  the  first  to  feel  the  effect  of  a  revival  of  interest  In 
mining  among  the  people  of  Seattle  dur'ng  the  year  1896  and  the  principal 
proijerties  are  owned  in  that  city  and  being  developed  by  Seattle  capital. 
After  suffering  the  effects  of  ill-advised  ventures  during  the  period  imme- 
diately following  the  first  discoveries,  it  appears  now  to  have  entered  upon 
an  era  of  steady,  careful  development,  and  every  day's  work  gives  added 
proof  that  It  is  well  worth  the  confidence  being  shown  In  it. 

The  route  from  Seattle  to  the  Methow  District,  like  that  to  Lake  Chelan, 
is  over  the  Great  Northern  Railroad  to  Wenatchee,  174  miles,  by  the  steamer 
City  of  Ellensburg  to  Ives  Landing  at  the  mouth  of  the  Methow,  seventy- 
five  miles.  Thence  a  wagon  road  runs  up  each  bank  of  the  river,  that  on 
the  left  bank  leading  to  Sliver,  twenty-five  miles,  and  i.o  the  Twisp  Ferry, 
seven  miles  further,  while  that  on  the  right  bank  leads  to  the  town  of 
Methow,  in  the  center  of  the  district,  eight  miles,  and  when  a  gap  of  six 
miles  has  been  closed,  will  extend  to  the  mouth  of  the  Twisp,  twenty-five 
miles  further.  A  stage  runs  to  Methow  on  the  one  side  and  to  Silver  on 
the  other  side  of  the  river. 

The  mineral  belt  through  which  discoveries  extend  and  through  which 
the  Methow  fiows,  is  about  twenty-five  miles  long  and  at  least  three  miles 
wide,  extending  through  the  foothills  on  each  side  of  the  river.  Its  char- 
acteristics are  thus  described  by  S.  G.  Dewsnap,  the  mining  engineer: 

"The  country  rock  of  this  belt  is  secondary  granite,  which  is  crossed  and 
cut  by  dikes  of  bird's-eye  porphyry,  feldsite  porphyry  and  dlorlte,  whioh 
mostly  strike  northwest  and  dip  southwest.  The  vein  formation  strikes  a 
few  degrees  from  east  and  .west  and  dips  northerly,  cross-cutting  the  dikes 
at  an  angle  of  about  30  degrees.  In  many  cases  the  dikes  are  not  broken  by 
the  veins  at  the  surface,  but  are  found  to  have  been  broken  at  some  little 
depth  below.  The  cropplngs  of  the  quartz  veins  are  mostly  blind,  that  Is, 
the  surface  of  the  rock  formation  Is  largely  covered  by  soil  underlaid  bjr 
glacial  cement,  which  makes  prospecting  rather  difficult,  and  the  bedrock 
is  only  seen  at  points  where  the  dike  contacts  have  left  ridges  or  hogs- 
backs  not  covered  by  detritus.  Standing  on  the  footwall  and  looking  down 
the  dip  of  the  veins,  the  ore  Is  found  in  well-defined  chutes  dipping  to  the 
left  hand  at  an  angle  of  60  to  66  degrees  from  the  plane  of  the  vein.  South 
of  the  belt  proper,  in  Black  Canyon,  which  runs  parallel  with  Squaw  Creek, 
are  some  veins  in  whioh  the  oxidized  iron  Is  magnetite,  not  hematite.  On 
the  north  side  of  this  belt  is  another  of  soft  feldsite  porphyry  about  half  a 
mile  wide.  In  which  a  number  of  locations  have  been  made  on  quartz  veins,  .i 
none  of  which  have  been  proved  by  development  work.  Beyond  this  is  a 
belt  of  syenite,  extending  north  on  the  divide  between  McFarlane  and  Gold 
Creeks,  in  which  are  veins  carrying  a  little  galena,  misplckel  and  stlbnlte, 
and  much  rlche:  in  silver  than  the  ores  of  the  south  belt,  some  tetrahedrlte 
carrying  much  more  both  of  silver  and  arsenic.  The  quartz  in  the  three 
main  veins,  which  form  the  letter  N  and  have  been  traced  and  located  for 
nearly  six  miles  east  and  west,  seems  to  have  followed  in  Its  formation  a 
seam  of  dlorlte  porphvry,  which  is  broken  and  replaced  by  quartz,  sometimes 
sliovlng  the  dlorlte  to  the  hanging  wall,  sometimes  to  the  footwall.  The  ore 
occurs  In  chutes  following  the  line  of  breaks  in  this  dlorlte  porphyry  seam. 

"The  characteristic  mineral  on  the  surface  is  a  wax-like  compact  hema- 
tite, filling  the  crevices  In  the  quartz,  probably  arising  from  the  oxidation 
of  the  different  sorts  of  pyrites  which  are  found  at  greater  depth.  Free 
metallic  gold  is  very  rarely  found  in  the  quartz,  but  fine  colors  of  free  gold 
ara  generally  found  in  the  hematite  Iron  of  the  surface  ore.  The  charac- 
teristics of  the  ore  in  depth,  unoxidlzed.  are  a  pyrites,  compact,  hard,  crys- 
tallized, containing  a  little  gold,  a  grayer,  softer  pyrites  carrying  traces  of 
zinc  and  arsenic  that  is  rich  in  gold;  a  further  pyrites  mineral  carrying 
quite  a  little  copper;  traces  of  arsenic  carrying  moderate  values  In  gold; 
a  further  sulphuret  mineral  resembling  tetrahedrlte  of  complicated  com- 
position, carrying  considerable  silver  and  gold,  with  a  little  bismuth,  anti- 
mony, arsenic  and  zinc."  .      ,    ,,    „ 

The  first  mineral  discovery  In  this  belt  was  made  In  1887  by  J.  M.  Burns 
on  Poleplck  Mountain,  near  Silver,  and  has  now  developed  into  the  Red 
Shirt  mine.  The  ledge  was  cross-cut  at  VO  feet  and  shown  to  be  five  feet 
wide,  and  a  shaft  sunk  on  It  for  150  feet  showed  five  feet  ten  Inches  of  ore 
at  the  bottom.  The  cross-cut  was  extended  210  feet  and  cut  another  thirty- 
Inch  ledge,  while  drifts  were  Vun  400  feet  each  way  on  the  main  ledge, 
showing  its  width  to  range  from  four  to  nix  fpet.  The  ore  carries  Iron  ana 
copper  sulphurets  and  assays  about  $20  a  ton  In  gold  and  sliver.  K  w"* 
bought  In  the  summer  of  1896  by  the  Red  Shirt  Mining  Company,  which 
er^'cted  a  twenty-stanip  m'"  a«<i  began  reducing  the  1,700  tons  »' ore  pn  the 
dump.  It  crushes  sixty  tons  a  day  and  concentrates  33  into  1.  The  company 
has  also  begun  a  cross-cut  160  feet  below  the  upper  tunnel  and  has  run  It  VK- 
feet,  expecting  to  tap  the  ledge  In  another  200  feet. 


li 


■MtSMi 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


There  are  several  promising  prospiH'ls  on  the  same  and  parallel  ledges. 
On  the  Brooklyn,  the  extension  of  the  Red  Shirt,  Mr.  Burns  has  sunk  a 
small  shaft  on  the  ledge.  Frank  Benson  has  sunk  fifty  feet  on  the  two 
Pride  of  the  Hill  claims,  on  a  parallel  ledge,  showing  four  feet  of  quartz 
assaying  $30  gold.  On  the  Capital,  Love  Hedge  has  sunk  twenty  feet, 
showing  a  five-foot  ledge. 

The  next  discovery  near  the  Red  Shirt  was  made  In  1890  by  Mrs.  M. 
Lelser  and  is  now  owned  by  J.  S.  Cro<:kett.  who  has  extended  the  forty-foot 
tunnel  run  by  the  former  owners  and  shown  up  a  ledge  of  quartz  and 
crystallized  lime  carrying  a  good  value  in  gold  and  si'ver.  Then  followed 
the  discovery  of  the  Black  Warrior,  also  owned  by  Mr.  Crockett,  where  a 
small  shaft  shows  eight  feet  of  pyritlc  ore  between  walls  of  dlorlte.  Several 
adjoining  claims  have  good  surface  showings,  but, the  extent  and  value  of 
the  ledges  Is  not  apparent  for  lack  of  development.  Among  these  are  the 
Mike  Maloney,  by  W.  H.  I-illcy  and  O.  S.  Booth;  the  Silver  Bow,  by  James 
McCann  and  Sims  Connelly;  the  Brother  Jack,  on  an  iron  cap  assaying 
$20  gold  on  the  surface,  and  the  Panic  on  a  parallel  ledge,  both  owned  by 
Charles  Klemmo  and  J.  J.  Snyder. 

Five  miles  northwest  of  the  Red  Shirt,  at  the  head  of  Bear  Creek  and 
Pipestone  Canyon,  near  Winthrop,  Is  the  Safe  Deposit  group  of  four  claims, 
owned  by  the  Safe  Deposit  Mining  and  Milling  Company.  The  ledge  runs 
north  and  south  and,  as  the  property  Is  due  north  of  the  Red  Shirt,  la 
believed  to  be  an  extension  of  that  ledge.  The  gangue  Is  quartz  and  the 
mineral  is  copper  pyrites  carrying  gold  and  silver,  between  walls  of  por- 
phyry and  granite.  Assays  range  from  $7  to  $14  and  the  ore  will  concentrate 
30  Into  1.  A  twenty-foot  shaft  is  down  on  one  claim  and  on  another  Is  one 
of  sixty  feet,  which  is  being  continued  with  a  double  shift,  each  showing 
the  ledge  to  range  from  three  to  thirteen  feet  and  the  ore  to  Increase  In 
value  with  depth.  When  the  course  and  pitch  has  been  defined,  u  cross-cut 
will  be  run  200  feet  to  tap  the  ledge  at  a  depth  of  240  feet.  The  company  is 
negotiating  with  the  Red  Shirt  Comi)any  to  concentrate  fifty  tons  ,of  ore  a 
day  at  Its  mill,  a  wagon  road  within  half  a  mile  of  the  property  making 
transportation  easy. 

It  was  not  till  1892  that  discoveries  extended  southeastward  to  Squaw 
Creek,  where  J.  W.  Draa  and  Nels  Johnson  made  the  first  discoveries,  but 
so  broad  a  belt  of  mineral  was  soon  revealed  in  that  vicinity  that  it  became 
the  center  of  Interebt  and  has  since  remained  so,  except  for  a  lull  during 
the  year  1895.  The  principal  ledges  were  first  found  cropping  on  Johnson 
Mountain,  on  the  left  bank  of  Squaw  Creek,  but  they  have  now  been  traced 
across  the  Methow  almost  to  its  mouth  and  over  the  mountains  to  Gold  and 
McFarlane  Creeks  in  one  direction  and  to  Black  Canyon  in  the  other.  The 
three  main  ledges  are  those  already  described  as  forming  the  letter  N,  But 
they  are  paralleled  by  a  number  of  others  and  Intersected  by  several  cross 
ledges;   showing  the  whole  country  to  be  veined  with  mineral-bearing  rock. 

The  greatest  depth  so  far  attained  in  this  part  of  the  district  is  on  the 
Highland  Ught,  owned  by  the  Highland  Light  Gold  Mining  Company.  This 
is  on  one  of  the  main  ledges  crcpning  near  the  summit  of  Jolinson  Mountain 
and  has  been  developed  by  a  shaft  140  feet  deep,  which  cuts  through  an  ore 
chute  dipping  towards  it  from  the  west  iind  remained  in  it  for  the  first  fifty 
feet.  A  drift  was  run  twenty  feet  at  the  twenty-five  foot  level  and  the  ore 
above  stoped  out.  Another  drift  was  run  forty-five  feet  at  the  fifty-foot 
level  and  from  it  some  stoping  has  been  done  on  an  ore  chute  cropping  east 
of  the  shaft,  which  ran  $92  for  all  values.  A  drift  was  run  fifteen  feet  to 
the  east  at  the  100-foot  level,  showing  thirty  inches  of  similar  orei  At  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft  drifts  were  run  sixty  feet  to  the  west  and  forty  feet  to 
the  east.  The  west  drift  cut  the  ore  chute  through  which  the  shaft  was 
sunk  and  defined  It  as  three  feet  wide  and  carrying  ore  worth  about  $45. 
There  are  400  tons  of  ore  of  all  grades  on  the  dump,  which  is  being  reserved 
for  local  treatment,  either  in  the  existing  five-stamp  mill  on  Squaw  Creek 
or  by  some  other  approved  process.  While  much  of  the  ore  la  rich  enough 
to  pay  for  shipment  to  the  smelter,  it  is  essentially  concentrating  ore  and 
can  he  more  economically  reduced  on  the  ground. 

The  property  showing  the  next  largest  amount  of  development,  although 
work  han  been  suspended  during  the  winter.  Is  the  Friday  group  of  five 
claims,  on  the  left  ban  of  the  Methow,  owned  by  the  Friday  Gold  Mining 
Company.  At  a  point  on  the  mountain  side  225  feet  above  the  river  a  tunnel 
no  feet  long  taps  the  ledge,  with  drifts  sixty-five  feet  to  the  east  and  fortv- 
three  feet  to  the  west,  the  former  showing  the  width  to  be  ten  feet  the 
latter  twenty-two  feet  between  walls.  The  ore  Is  better  where  the  ledge  is 
narrower.  The  main  station  Is  at  the  Inner  end  of  the  tunnel  and  from  it 
a  double  compartment  shaft  has  been  sunk  eighty-four  feet  The  ledge  has 
been  cross-cut  at  the  bottom  of  this  shaft  and  is  twelve  feet  wide  and  drifts 
extend  fifty-eight  feet  to  the  east,  forty-three  feet  to  the  west  the  west 
drift  shov/lng  fourteen  feet  of  well-mlnerallzed  quartz,  with  lenses  of  hlirh- 
grade  .-julphuret  ore.  Ten  tons  of  this  ore  shipped  to  the  Everett  smelter 
recently  yielded  $70  a  ton.  Above  the  main  station  are  two  stopes  each 
34x18  feet,  exposing  ten  feet  of  solid  ore  of  varying  quality,  a  shaft  extending 
from  them  to  the  open  air.  The  ore  is  mainly  iron  pyrites,  chalcopyrito 
andmlBplekei,  witli  rare  bits,  of  .zinc,  blende.,    In  AU,.sixty-two„and  one-half 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWKST. 


8T 


**"?ni*'.°''®  ^^^^  ''^??  Shipped,  returning  an  average  of  about  $80,  and  assays 
of  $9(  have  been  obtained  frequently,  |140  repeatedly  and  $406  oecaslonally. 
Ihe  ore  Is  essentially  a  gold  ore,  carrying  from  a  trace  to  six  ounces  of  silver 
and  as  hlgli  as  2  per  cent,  copper.  There  Is  a  large  quantity  of  ore  on  the 
dump,  which  is  to  be  reduced  by  a  stamp  mill  and  concentrator  to  be  erected 
this  season.  rhe  ledge  Is  tapped  by  a  seventy-ttve  foot  tunnel  on  another 
claim  and  a  drift  has  been  run  thirty  feet  to  the  west,  showing  good  ore. 
On  a  third  claim  a  ninety-foot  shaft  shows  good  prospects 

On  the  Friday  ledge  on  the  west  la  the  Diamond  Queen  group  of  two 
claims  on  a  bluff  overlooking  the  river,  owned  by  the  Diamond  Queen  Gold 
Mining  Company.  Two  tunnels  have  been  driven  on  the  ledge,  one  sixty 
feet  showing  It  six  feet  wide  and  the  other  fifty  feet  at  a  point  300  feet  lower, 
which  will  In  twenty-live  feet  more  cut  an  ore  chute  cropping  on  the  surface. 
The  ledge  Is  well  defined  for  1,400  feet  on  the  surface.  An  assay  from  crop- 
plngs  of  the  ore  chute  returned  gold  $10.80,  silver  61  cents,  and  assays  from 
the  upper  tunnel  ran  $3.65  to  $32.70  gold. 

Beyond  this  group  and  on  the  same  side  of  the  river  is  the  Emerald  group 
of  three  claims,  owned  by  the  Emerald  Mining  and  Milling  Company.  The 
ledge  crops  five  and  one-half  feet  wide  between  granite  walls  and  has  been 
traced  for  3,000  Jeet.  A  sixty-foot  tunnel,  attaining  a  depth  of  sixty  feet, 
shows  it  to  widen  to  nine  and  one-half  feet,  with  a  thirty-inch  pay  streak. 
The  surface  ore  as.sayed  $25  gold,  silver  and  copper,  while  samples  taksn  from 
the  face  of  the  tunnel  at  fifty-three  feet  assayed  $122  and  $157,  the  ledge 
matter  outside  of  the  pay  streak  being  mineralized  to  the  value  of  about  $10. 
A  contract  has  been  let  for  a  200-foot  tunnel,  300  feet  below  the  upper  tunnel, 
to  be  used  as  a  working  tunnel,  and  is  being  continued  day  and  night. 

Another  property  which  has  shown  up  well  for  a  large  amount  of  develop- 
ment Is  the  Hidden  Treasure,  adjoining  the  Highland  liight,  owned  by  the 
Hidden  Treasure  Gold  Mining  Company.  An  upper  tunnel  has  been  run 
200  feet,  gaining  120  feet  In  depth,  and  has  cut  ore  chutes  sixty-five,  thirty- 
five  and  twenty-five  feet  long  respectively,  being  now  in  the  fourth,  which 
shows  thirteen  Inches  of  ore.  A  second  tunnel  fifty  feet  below  has  been 
driven  115  feet  through  good  concentrating  ore  and  Is  now  In  the  main  ore 
chute,  carrying  twenty-six  Inches  of  high-grade  ore.  One  shipment  of  seven 
tons  of  $70  ore  was  made  last  season  and  there  are  100  tons  of  $30  ore  on  the 
dump.  The  company  has  built  a  wooden  tramway  down  the  mountain  from 
the  rnine  to  the  road,  down  which  ore  will  be  transported  by  gravity. 

Another  well-developed  property  is  the  Okanogan,  one  of  the  pioneer 
locations  on  Johnson  Mountain,  owned  by  the  Okanogan  Mining  Company. 
A  prospecting  tunnel  was  first  driven  fifty  feet  on  the  ledge  and  a  new 
tunnel  was  then  started  forty  feet  below.  This  is  now  in  165  feet,  showing 
six  feet  nine  inches  between  the  wahs,  with  twenty-six  Inches  of  copper 
sulphides  at  the  111-foot  mark.  A  winze  Is  being  sunk  from  the  face  of  this 
tunnel  and  is  now  down  fifty  feet,  giving  130  feet  of  depth  below  the  surface. 
The  winze  is  now  running  through  an  ore  chute  three  feet  wide,  assays  of 
which  run  from  $20  to  $28  gold,  and  assays  generally  have  ranged  from 
$10  to  $97. 

The  Hunter,  the  first  location  on  Johnson  Mountain,  has  also  shown  well 
under  development,  and  has  been  bonded  with  two  other  claims  for  $10,000 
to  F.  S.  Mack,  of  New  York,  A  tunnel  has  been  run  200  feet  on  the  ledge, 
gaining  a  depth  of  sixty  feet  and  showing  nine  feet  four  Inches  of  quartz 
carrying  copper  sulphides  between  perfect  walls.  The  value  averages  from 
$16  to  $20  gold  and  8  to  12  per  cent,  copper. 

The  Methow  Mining  Company  has  the  Washington  group  of  seven  claims, 
all  but  one  of  which  are  adjoining.  Three  of  these  are  on  the  Hunter  ledge, 
which  Is  shown  to  be  six  to  six  and  one-half  feet  wide  in  an  open  cut  fifteen 
feet  long  and  ten  feet  deep  on  one  claim;  four  and  one-half  feet  wide  In  a 
twelve-foot  shaft  on  another,  showing  oxidized  and  decomposed  quartz,  and 
from  four  to  four  and  one-half  feet  In  the  third,  wh?re  It  is  well  mineralized 
with  copper  sulphides  on  the  surface  and  where  two  stringers  rurv  Into  It. 
Another  claim  Is  on  a  stringer  three  to  eighteen  Inches  wide,  carrying  high- 
grade  ore  with  free  gold  often  showing,  and  yet  another  has  a  ledge  seven 
to  ten  feet  wide  cropping  the  entire  length,  though  quite  undeveloped.  The 
last  claim  of  the. group  Is  the  Bill  Nye,  and,  although  three  miles  west  of 
the  others.  Is  probably  on  an  extension  of  one  of  the  main  ledges,  showing 
five  feet  of  similar  quartz,  partially  decomposed,  in  a  fifteen-foot  shaft. 

The  Gray  Eagle  group  of  three  claims,  owned  by  Fischer  Brothers,  of 
Seattle,  has  made  a  good  showing,  being  rn  the  Friday  ledge.  A  shaft  has 
been  'umk  140  feet,  with  a  drift  at  the  fitty-foot  level  driven  100  feet  west 
and  ten  feet  east,  with  a  stope  twenty-seven  feet  high  on  the  west  drift. 
At  the  100-foot  level  there  Is  a  drift  seventy-three  feet  to  the  west  with  an 
upraise  of  eighty-nine  feet.  All  this  work  shows  a  vein  from  four  to  eight 
feet,  with  a  dlorite  dike  shoving  It  first  to  one  wall,  then  to  the  other. 
Several  oar-load  shipments  of  high-grade  ore  have  been  made  and  about 
200  tons  are  on  the  dump.  ■■  ,.      t    « 

Adjoining  the  Gray  Eagle  group  Is  the  Last  Chance,  owned  by  J.  «• 
Esmond  and  Edward  L.  Enael,  on  a  well-defined  ledge  three  and  one-half 
feet  wide  with  talc  gouge  on  the  walls,"  wWch- are  rt?o' ♦♦e-and  ^btrdS8««ye 
porphyry.     A  tunnel  was  run  forty-five  feet   on  the  ledge  by  the  tormer 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


bers  have  run 

traced  across 

sroup  of  three 


owners,  who  sloped  out  the  ore  above  and  shipped  three  car  loads  to  the 
Everett  smelter,  netting  $39  pold  and  a  little  silver.  A  shaft  was  sunk  nrteen 
feet  from  the  tunnel,  showing  sixteen  Inches  of  ore  all  the  way,  wMcn 
assayed  $31  gold  and  a  little  silver.  .  ,  .    „  , 

The  Hunter  ledge  also  shows  up  well  on  the  Sailor  Boy,  on  which  NelB 
Johnson  and  Alexander  McKlnnon  have  sunk  sixteen  and  twenty-foot  shafts 
along  the  foot  wall,  showing  four  feet  of  good  oxidized  ore:  on  the  Tjookout, 
where  John  Summers  and  Thomas  McLaughlin  have  sunk  sixty  feet;  the 
California,  where  Andrew  O'Malley.  Richard  Malone  and  William  O  Nell 
have  run  a  twenty-foot  cross-cut;  the  Mills,  where  A.  li.  Johnson,  S.  P. 
Richardson  and  William  Gogglns  sunk  Inclines  Hfty  feet  and  eighteen 
Heet.  showing  the  ledge  to  be  at  least  six  feet  wide,  and  making  a  ship- 
ment, which  returned  t?,l'.  on  the  Crown  Point,  owned  bv  A.  McKlnnon; 
on  the  Kadc.er  and  Its  exteiiriion  where  I^loyd  Pershall  and 
a  tlfty-foot  tunnel  and  sunk  twenty  fe<  t.  The  ledge  was  t' 
the  river  and  Me.^srs.  Joh,ison  and  D-aa  located  the  Joseph' 
claims  In  that  direction.. 

The  Standard  and  an  extension,  both  on  the  Highland  lAaht  ledge,  owned 
by  the  Standard  Gold  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  have  the  ledge  shown 
four  to  four  and  one-half  feet  wide  where  it  has  been  stripped  for  twenty  to 
thirty  feet.  There  Is  ten  to  fourteen  Inches  of  ore,  average  samples  of  which 
assayed  $38.60  gold  and  a  little  sliver.  Judging  from  adjoining  properties, 
there  Is  probably  5  per  cent,  copper.  The  company  will  tunnel  on  the  ledge 
and  by  driving  for  1,000  feet  will  gain  700  feet  In  depth. 

Among  the  other  properties  on  the  Highland  Light  ledge,  v/hlch  forms 
the  OSS  stroke  of  the  letter  N  described  by  the  three  main  ledges  of  John- 
son Mountain,  are  the  Columbia,  owned  by  the  Cable  Mining  Company, 
where  It  crops  fourteen  feet  wide  and  carries  some  free  gold  on  the  surface; 
the  Big  Fraction,  owned  by  John  and  Frank  Welsh  and  others.  The  Gray 
Eagle  ledge  is  the  southern  parallel  stroke  of  the  N  and  has  been  traced 
onward  across  the  river  through  the  Diamond  Queen  and  Friday  groups. 

On  extensions  are  the  California  Boy  and  Decoration,  by  C.  li.  Martin; 
the  Humboldt,  by  Daniel  Murray;  the  Ida  May,  by  Daniel  Murray  and 
Harry  Hayward,  and  the  Cripple  Creek.  To  the  west  the  same  ledge  was 
extended  by  the  location  of  the  Mountain  Lily  group  of  five  claims,  owned 
by  T.  W.  Robinson  and  J.  R.  Esmond.  On  this  group  a  shaft  is  down  nlnety- 
Hve  fe't.  with  a  fourteen-foot  drift  at  the  bottom,  cross-cuts  have  been  run 
fifty  and  thirty  feet,  defining  the  ledge  to  be  four  feet  ten  Inches  to  seven 
feet  wide,  and  an  elgbteen-foot  shaft  has  been  sunk. 

On  a  parallel  ledge  to  the  north  are  the  Parallel  group  of  two  claims, 
owned  by  C.  R.  Martin.  Thomas  Warren  and  A.  F.  Burleigh;  the  Reno 
fraction,  by  C.  R.  Martin;  the  Monday,  by  Charles  Durr  and  Chris  Stll- 
recht,  and  the  Tuesday  group  of  three  claims,  owned  by  the  Tuesday  Gold 
Mining  Company.  This  ledge  h.TS  so  far  been  merely  nro3j)ected,  the  most 
work  being  on  the  Tufsday  group,  and  has  been  defined  to  a  width  langing 
from  -two  to  seven  feet.  The  Tuesday  Company  has  sunk  sixteen  feet  on 
the  footwnll,  with  ore  the  full  width  and  no  hanging  wall  In  sight,  and  has 
defined  the  ledge  by  a  ten-foot  shaft  in  another  place.  Assays  range  from 
$58  gold  \!pwards.  Beyond  these  is  the  Riverside  group  of  three  claims,  near 
the  wagon  road,  owned  by  the  Riverside  Gold  Mining  Company,  where  the 
ledge  shows  four  feet  wide  In  a  fourteen-foot  shaft,  with  sixteen  Inches  of 
pay  ore.  while  the  whole  ledge  assays  $13  gold  and  silver. 

Parallel  with  the  Friday  ledge  the  Ben  Lummon  Gold  Mining  and  Milling 
Company  has  a  claim  on  a  four-foot  l^dge,  and  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river,  below  the  Gray  Kagle,  has  two  other  claims  on  twin  ledges,  each  six 
feet  wide,  with  five  and  one-half  feet  of  black  slate  between  them  and  with 
porphyry  walls.  The  ore  Is  similar  to  the  Gray  Eagle  and  assays  $15  to  $18 
gold  on  the  surface.     These  three  compose  the  Ben  Lummon  group. 

Among  other  propertlfs  on  parallel  ledges  showing  well  or  development 
Is  the  Ocean  Wave,  owned  by  Jacob  Durr's  heirs,  L.  W.  Barton  and  Lee 
Bowen,  where  a  seventv-foot  shaft  shows  a  six-foot  ledge,  on  which  another 
shaft  Is  down  twenty  feet  and  several  open  cuts  have  been  made.  On  the 
Chicago  Andrew  O'Malley  and  William  O'Nell  have  stripped  an  elghteen- 
Inch  ledfTP  for  300  feet  and  sunk  eighteen  feet,  showing  ore  which  averages 
about  $100.  three  tons  having  returned  $57.49  over  freight  and  treatment. 
One  of  the  famous  pioneer  claims  is  the  Paymaster,  adjoining  Methow  town, 
on  wMch  Claude  and  Burrell  Johnson  ran  ti'nnels  235  and  65  feet  and  sank  a 
shaft  106  feet,  showing  forty  inches  of  ore  which  assayed  $23  to  J!60.  On  this 
ledge  J.  M.  Scheuyeaulle  has  the  St.  Patrick,  In  which  thirty  feet  of  work 
has  shown  three  feet  of  ore  assaying  as  high  as  $187  gold.  On  the  Yes  or  No 
Melton  Woods  and  P.  H.  Farley  have  shown  three  feet  of  ore  In  a  fifteen-foot 
shaft.  On  the  north  side  of  Johnson  Mountain  Nels  Johnson  has  sunk  a 
ninety-foot  shaft  on  the  London,  showing  a  ten-foot  ledge,  and  J.  R.  Esmond 
has  sunk  a  shaft  on  a  parallel  ledge  six  feet  wide  running  high  In  copper 
sulphides. 

The  Just  In  Time  group  of  two  claims  on  Johnson  Mountain  Is  owned  by 
the  Just  Gold  Mining  Company  and  has  a  tunnel  108  feet,  showing  up  the 
ledge  from  five  to  six  feet  without  the  footwall.  the  ore  assaying  $24.40  gold. 
Another  tunnel  fifty  feet  higher  taps  a  parallel  ledge   three  to   four  feet. 


MINTNO    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


The  company  is  drifting  west  on  tlie  iower  tunnei  to  locate -an  ore  chute 
which  appears  to  be  about  forty  feet  west,  then  will  tuntiel  further  down  the 
mountain  and  cut  the  ore  chutes  to  a  depth  of  400  feet. 

On  Blue  Rose  Mountain,  directly  acrosH  the  river  from  the  Friday,  the 
'Sque.w  Creek  Mining  Company  has  elRht  claims,  commonly  called  the  Schulz 
and  Chesney  yroup,  after  their  locators.  They  are  on  a  series  of  parallel 
ledges  ranging  from  four  to  six  feet  wide,  shown  In  a  number  of  small  shafts 
and  open  cuts-,  and  carrying  pay  streaks  of  galena,  gray  copper  and  azurlte, 
assaying  40  ounces  and  upwards  In  silver.  A  forty-foot  tunnel  has  shown 
up  ore  carrying  $60  to  $70  gold,  and  development  is  now  In  progress  on  a  ledge 
which  has  widened  to  twenty  feet  and  carries  leiitleular  bodies  and  pockets 
of  copper  pyrites  and  gray  copper,  often  of  high  grade,  besides  large  bodies 
of  concentrating  ore. 

On  the  same  series  of  ledges  A.  J.  Dexter  has  the  Blue  Rose;  R.  S.  Ells 
the  Montana;  William  Noble  und  J.  M.  Sparkman  the  Overlook;  Fred  Sim- 
mons and  George  Gates  the  Idaho;  E.  A.  Sartor  the  Lizzie;  Fred  Simmons 
and  R.  S.  Ells  the  Ninety-five;  Fred  Simmons  the  Lone  Star;  Fred  Simmons 
and  Michael  Long  the  Major  and  Summit;    Rev.  Mr.  Thomas  the  Annie. 

On  Treasure  Mountain  Is  the  Nip  and  Tuck  group  of  four  claims,  owned 
by  the  Treasure  Mountain  Mining  Company,  of  Seattle.  A  tunnel  forty  feet 
and  another  elghty-flvo  feet  at  a  point  fifty-five  feet  below  are  on  the  middle 
one  of  three  veins  into  which  the  ledge  has  split,  and  showed  from  three  to 
twenty-five  inches  of  ore.  thirty  tons  of  which  reduced  at  the  Squaw  Creel' 
mill  was  worth  |16gold.  It  is  intended  to  cross-cut  for  the  other  two  vtins  Intu 
which  the  ledge  has  split.  Lee  Ives  and  others  have  the  Excelsior  on  the 
same  ledge  and  have  sunk  twelve  feet,  showing  it  to  be  twelve  feet  between 
walls,  with  a  number  of  stringers,  the  pay  ore  assaying  $23.50  gold,  $6  sliver. 

On  Gold  Point  Hill,  two  miles  west  of  Methow.  Alexander  McNeil  and 
M.  M,  Kingman  have  the  Larsen  group  of  four  claims  on  two  ledges.  One 
of  these  shows  forty  inches  wide  in  a  double  compartment  shaft  forty-five 
feet  deep,  ore  from  which  assayed  $22  to  $78.  On  the  other  ledge  a  fifteen-foot 
shaft  shows  sixteen  to  twenty-four  Inches  of  ore  assaying  $25  to  $60.  On  the 
two  White  Elephant  claims  M.  M.  Kingman  and  R.  N.  Pershall  have  run 
a  100-foot  tunnel  on  a  five-foot  ledge.  Mr.  McNeil  has  also  the  Chippewa 
group  of  three  claims,  two  on  a  four-foot  ledge  on  which  he  hts  sunk  ten 
feet  and  the  third  on  one  five  feet  wide,  shown  by  a  similar  shaft.  The  two 
Sacramento  claims  of  C.  J.  Ogden  and  W.  A.  Bollinger  are  on  a  three  and 
one-half  foot  ledge,  showing  In  a  twenty-foot  shaft. 

The  most  recent  developments  are  on  McFarlane  and  Gold  Creeks,  to 
the  west  of  Squaw  Creek,  and  good  ore  bodies  are  being  shown  up.  On  the 
Black  Jack  S.  G.  Dewsnap  has  run  a  tunnel  150  feet  and  has  cross-cut  from 
footwall  to  hanging  wall,  showing  four  feet  of  quartz  well  mineralized  with 
^old.  silver  and  copper  for  its  whole  width.  The  Damfino  has  a  sixty-foot 
tunnel  showing  fort  ylnches  of  similar  ore.  On  the  Parallel  a  forty-foot 
tunnel  showing  forty  Inches  of  similar  ore.  The  Catherine,  on  McFarlane 
Creek,  makes  a  good  showing  on  an  eight-foot  ledge.  The  O^lbla,  on  the 
Gold  Creek  Divide,  shows  up  six  feet  of  copper  and  gold  ore.  On  the  Oregon 
«roup,  on  the  south  fork  of  Gold  Creek,  an  incline  shaft  is  down  fifty  feet, 
showing  five  feet  of  arsenical  iron  ore,  which  carries  $10  to  $40  gold.  On  the 
north  fork  of  Gold  Creek  a  number  of  discoveries  have  been  made  and 
development  Is  being  carried  on  with  very  encouraging  results.  On  the 
North  Star  a  ninety-foot  shaft  shows  the  pay  streak  to  widen  from  two 
Indhes  to  four  feet,  surface  ore  assaving  $20  gold,  234  ounces  silver. 

That  the  same  mineral  belt  extends  through  the  Methow  foothills  far  up 
the  river  is  shown  by  the  discoveries  in  the  Spokane  mine  at  the  mouth  ot 
the  Twisp,  owned  by  Morgan,  Nichols  &  Co.,  of  Minneapolis,  who  are  actively 
developing  It.  The  ledge  is  between  four  and  five  teet,  between  walls  of 
porphyry,  and  runs  northwest  and  southeast  nearly  perpendicular,  with  a 
slight  pitch  to  the  west.  Prospecting  was  begun  with  a  shaft  sunk  forty- 
feet,  showing  ore  all  the  way  and  a  widening  ledge.  A  tunnel  was  then  run 
above  the  top  of  the  shaft,  which  was  covered  up,  and  is  now  in  eighty  feet. 
A  drift  is  being  run  lOh  feet  lower  and  will  be  used  as  a  working  tunnel, 
from  which  an  upraise  will  be  made  for  a  shaft.  The  work  so  far  has  shown 
twentv-four  to  thirty  inches  of  solid  mineral  on  the  footwall,  sometimes 
crossihg  to  the  hanging  wall.  The  pay  streak  carries  about  $50  gold  and 
silver  and  the  whole  ledge  carries  good  value.  It  is  proposed  to  erect  a 
matting  plant  on  the  ground  this  season.  ^  ^,      ^ 

Development  in  the  Methow  District  would  probably  have  proceeded 
much  faster  but  for  the  ill-effects  of  some  early  experiments  in  the  treat- 
ment of  the  ore.  Some  slight  showings  of  free  gold  on.  the  surface  led  the 
prospectors  to  the  erroneous  conclusion  that  it  was  a  free  gold  belt  and 
they  proceeded  on  that  assumption.  A  five-stamp  jnill  with  one  concen- 
trator was  erected  on  Squaw  cfreek  and  two  arrastres  were  built.  Twelve 
tons  of  Paymaster  ore  rUn  through  the  stamp  mill  barely  paid  expenses. 
and  fortv-flve  tons  milled  at  Charles  Austinburg's  arrastre  sent  down  tail- 
ings which  assayed  $45,  assays  of  the  ore  having  ranged  from  $23  to  $60. 
The  arrastres  are  now  abandoned  and  the  stamp  mill  has  been  bought  by 
J.  A.  James,  of  Seattle,  who  contemplates  some  Improvements  with  a  view 
to  doing  a  customs  business.     Experiments  are,  however,  being  made  with 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


a  view  to  the  adoption  of  the  cyanide  o'  some  other  leeching  process,  and 
some  such  mothod  will  be  adopted  where  the  percentage  of  copper  does  not 
run  too  hiKh.  The  country  rock  of  the  district  Is  ordinarily  ho  hard  that 
tunneling  costs  $10  to  |12  per  foot  and  shafting  by  contract  costs  $16  per  foot 
down  to  the  150-foot  level.  While  the  ore  Is  rich  enough  to  pay  a  good  profit 
over  cost  of  mining,  freight  and  treatment,  much  better  results  can  be  ob- 
tained by  the  erection  of  a  reduction  plant  on  the  ground,  and  the  question 
ns  to  the  best  process  now  occupies  the  minds  of  mining  men.  The  small 
proportion  of  free  gold  Is  In  extremely  minute  particles,  rendering  amalga- 
mation not  worth  while,  except  In  connection  with  concentrators,  and  the 
values  are  mainly  In  aulphurets.  The  percentage  of  copper  ranges  from  2  to 
13  per  cent.,  and  where  It  does  not  exceed  the  former  figure  and  the  action 
of  the  solution  Is  not  hampered  by  other  Ingredients,  the  cyanide  procesB 
may  be  successful.  However,  experiment  will  settle  this  question,  and.  now 
that  the  mining  men  have  become  aroused  to  the  fact  that  the  problem  Is 
not  to  find  the  gold-bearing  rock,  but  to  extract  the  gold  after  they  hare 
found  It.  ultimate  success  Is  assured. 

THE    TWISP. 

While  the  llrst  mineral  discoveries  on  the  ueadwaters  of  the  Twlsp  River 
were  made  jis  long  ago  as  1884,  general  prospecting  has  only  set  in  within 
the  last  two  years,  and  the  last  flock  of  prospectors  has  defined  the  character 
of  the  country's  mineral.  Development  began  in  earnest  last  year  and  will 
bo  continued  with  vigor  during  the  coming  summer,  a  large  numbei*  of  Spo- 
kane citizens  having  taken  interests  there. 

The  country  formation  Is  granite,  as  In  other  sections  of  the  CascadeB, 
and  is  broken  by  numerous  dikes  of  porphyry.  The  ledges  have  assumed 
a  reddish  hue  from  oxidation,  which  makes  them  easily  traceable,  and  carry 
free  gold  on  the  surface  In  most  instances,  though  the  change  to  sulphurets 
is  already  becoming  apparent  in  the  limited  amount  of  development  so  far 
done.  Towards  the  headwaters  of  the  Twlsp  and  on  the  Twlsp  Pass  the 
ore  Is  sulphide,  rich  in  copper,  and  having  the  same  characteristics  as  the 
older  and  more  developed  sulphide  ore  belts. 

There  are  two  routes  to  this  district  from  Seattle.  One  Is  by  the  Great 
Northern  Railroad  to  Wenatchee,  174  miles;  by  the  steamer  City  of  Ellens- 
burg  on  the  Columbia  River  to  Ives,  seventy-five  miles;  on  horseback  over 
a  wagon  road  up  the  loft  bank  of  the  Methow  to  Twlsp,  thirty-three  miles; 
on  horseback  over  the  state  trail  to  Gilbert's  Camp  on  North  Creek,  twenty- 
four  miles,  and  onward  to  the  Twlsp  Pass,  six  miles  further.  The  legislature 
has  appropriated  funds  for  the  widening  of  the  trail  up  the  Twlsp  Into  a 
wagon  road  this  season,  a  change  which  will  greatly  aid  development. 

The  first  discoveries  wore  made  in  1884  by  E.  W.  Lockwood,  of  Wenatchee, 
Ed  Shackleford  and  H.  M.  Cooper,  who  located  what  Is  now  the  Washington, 
but  despairing  of  success  on  account  of  the  remoteness  of  the  district,  aban- 
doned It.  They  then  went  to  the  lake  forming  the  source  of  North  Creek 
and  made  a  discovery  there,  but  made  no  location. 

.Tohn  Gillihan  was  the  next  prospector  to  penetrate  the  district  and  In 
1892  he  located  the  Oregonlan  group  of  eight  claims.  In  company  with  F.  S. 
San  ford  iind  James  CSaston.  This  group  is  at  the  head  of  North  Creek, 
near  the  glaciers  which  feed  that  stream,  the  walls  being  usually  of  por- 
phyry. One  ledge  crops  two  to  four  feet  wide  for  800  feet.  A  twenty-foot 
shaft  shows  another  four  feet  wide,  traceable  for  1,500  feet  and  carrying 
ore  which  assays  $60  to  $600  gold.  Another  has  been  traced  for  the  same 
distance  to  a  width  of  twelve  feet  and  in  an  eighteen-foot  tunnel  shows  ore 
assaying  $11  to  $114  gold.  On  another,  which  la  held  Under  two  claims,  a 
shaft  twenty-five  feet  deep  has  shown  three  feet  of  ore  carrying  $16  gold. 
Another  has  been  traced  the  whole  length  of  two  claims  and  Is  six  feet 
wide,  a  ten-foot  shaft  and  twenty-foot  tunnel  showing  ore  which  assays 
$16  to  $4.1.  An  assay  from  an  average  sample  of  the  whole  group  showed 
$27.50  gold. 

The  next  location  was  the  Derby,  by  P.  B.  Shonafelt  and  R.  P.  Dolsen, 
who  have  bonded  It  for  $10,000  to  Franli  Rosenhaupt,  of  Spokane.  The  ledffe 
crops  near  the  Oregonlan  twelve  feet  wide  and  In  a  sixty-foot  shaft  and 
forty-foot  tunnel  shows  quartz  carrying  $8  to  $10  gold  throughout,  with  a  pay 
streak  of  eight  to  twenty-two  Inches  on  the  hanging  wall  carrying  $100  srld 
and  upwards. 

In  the  summer  of  1895  discoveries  extended  from  North  and  South  Creeks 
up  the  Twisp  to  the  summit  of  the  pass,  and  In  1896  development  was  In- 
augurated. On  Gilbert  Mountain  were  found  eight  parallel  ledges,  on  which 
al^cjut  thirty  locatl-na  have  been  made,  while  the  same  belt  has  been  traced 
acroKs  North  Creek  to  Clark's  Mountain.  On  Goat  Park  Mountain  are  two 
great  main  ledges  with  many  cross  ledges. 

On  Gilbert  Mountain  the  pioneer  claim  Is  the  Mountain  Goat,  owned  by 
P.  Gilbert,  A.  Raub,  Uelson  Clark.  Henry  Piummer,  George  Wltte  and 
Frank  Tbompeon*     It  has  two  ledges  five  and  three  and  one-half  feet  wide, 


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MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


one  of  them  with  a  cropping  so  stronp  that  It  wan  visible  a  mile  distant, 
standing  twelve  ft-et  high  In  a  perpenalcular  cIlfT,  and  a  fifteen-foot  tunnel 
has  shown  three  feet  of  free  mllllnK  ore  similar  to  that  of  the  Derby.  Four 
Burfuce  assays  showed  from  $95  to  J387  gold. 

On  the  same  belt  Is  the  HIg  Eight  group,  owned  by  the  Big  Eight  Mining 
and  Milling  Company,  on  which  the  two  main  Mountain  Goat  lodges  run 
through  three  claims  from  base  to  summit  of  the  mountain  and  eight  parallel 
ledges  run  through  the  whole  group.  A  fifty-foot  tunnel  on  one  of  the 
Mountain  Goat  ledges  shows  It  well  mineralized  throughout,  with  surface 
ore  assaying  from  $27  to  $280.  The  surface  ore  shows  free  gold,  but  the  sul- 
phurets  Incroase  with  depth.  A  contract  will  be  let  this  spring  for  an 
extension  of  the  tunnel. 

On  this  belt  the  Washington,  owned  by  Nelson  Clark  and  R.  J.  Danson, 
has  a  five-foot  ledge,  which  a  twenty-foot  tunnel  shows  to  be  fairly  well 
mineralized.  The  Portland  group  of  seven  claims,  owned  by  the  Consoli- 
dated Twlsp  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  has  three  claims  on  a  six-foot 
ledge  shown  by  a  fifty-foot  tunnel,  and  two  on  cross  ledges.  The  ore  larrlea 
113  free  gold  throughout,  though  two  assays  made  of  the  drillings  from  the 
tunnel  ran  $1,500  and  $1,900.  On  another  ledge  a  ten-foot  tunnel  shows  six 
feet  of  well-mlnerallzed  quartz.  The  Mobile,  on  the  Mountain  Goat  ledge, 
Is  held  by  P.  B.  Shonnfelt  and  R.  P.  Dolsen  and  has  a  iwenty-foot  cut 
■bowing  a  good  pay  streak. 

The  three  great  ledges  on  Goat  Park  Mountain  cop  out  between  walls 
of  granite  and  gneiss  on  the  side  of  a  deep  gulch  on  the  north  slope,  and 
have  been  traced  down  the  face  of  the  mountain  and  jp  over  Its  summit 
for  a  total  distance  of  12,000  feet.  On  the  surface  they  si.ow  red  oxidized 
auartz  carrying  free  gold,  but  at  two  to  ten  feet  below  the  surface  the  ore 
runs  Into  copper  and  Iron  sulphides.  Surface  ore  assays  from  K  to  $88  gold, 
besides  good  copper  values. 

The  Orient  Gold  Mining  and  Milling  Company  has  the  Orient  group  of 
four  claims  on  two  of  these  ledges,  which  crop  250  feet  apart,  one  thirty- 
three  and  the  other  twenty  feet  wide.  A  surface  cross-cut  twenty  feet  long 
Bbowed  ten  feet  of  ore  In  one  of  these,  carrying  free  gold  and  sulphides,  a 
mill  test  giving  $15  gold.  A  cross  ledge  seven  feet  wide,  carrying  copper 
sulphides,  has  been  shown  by  a  fifteen-foot  cut,  and  a  cut  on  the  other  ledge 
defines  its  width  as  twenty  feet. 

On  the  same  series  of  ledges  the  Ben  Lummon  Gold  Mining  and  Milling 
Company  has  six  claims,  on  which  It  will  begin  development  this  spring. 
One  claim  has  three  ledges  six  to  twelve  feet  wide  of  gold  d  copper;  two 
others  are  on  a  ledge  carrying  gold  and  silver,  and  thoroi.o  ily  mineralized, 
which  an  open  cross-cut  defines  to  a  width  of  seven  feet;  the  fourth  is  on 
a  nine- foot  ledge  of  similar  ore;  a  fifth  as  a  sixteen-foot  ledge  carrying 
old,  sliver  and  copper,  which  on  an  adjoining  claim  carries  ore  assaying 
jlgh  in  gold  and  silver;  the  sixth  claim  is  on  a  seven-toot  'edge  carrying 
from"  $4.1)0  to  $37  gold  and  a  small  percentage  of  copper. 

On  Bear  Creek,  at  the  foot  of  this  mountain,  E.  W.  Lockwood,  O.  D. 
Johnson  and  F.  M.  Scheble  have  the  Cumberland  on  a  sixteen-foot  ledge 
of  copper  sulphide  ore.  J.  H.  Shepard  has  the  Crown  Prince  group  of  four 
claims  on  a  four-foot  ledge,  and  George  and  Edward  Witte,  Henry  Ramm 
and  C.  F.  Wilke  have  the  Marshal  Ney  on  a  four-foot  ledge  showing  free 
gold  with  black  suiphurets  and  iron  and  copper  sulphides. 

On  the  Lone  Star  and  Cathedral,  on  Clark's  Mountain,  J.  H.  Shepard 
and  R.  A.  Lee  have  a  ledge  four  to  six  feet  wide,  and  on  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  and  Jennie  Lee  they  have  one  of  about  the  same  size,  while  In 
the  Daisy  they  have  a  good  showing  of  gray  copper.  On  the  White  Bear 
P.  P-  Young,  Bert  Young  and  W.  C.  Campbell  have  a  two-foot  ledge  of 
brown  and  white  quartz  showing  sulphides,  with  a  two-Inch  streak  of  what 
appears  to  be  crystallized  lead.  On  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  ledge  Elmer 
Abernethy  has  located  the  Broadway,  while  Nelson  Clark  and  B.  R.  Staf- 
ford have  a  ledge  six  to  eight  feet  on  the  Latah,  and  Mr.  Clark  and  his  son 
Frank  have  the  Everett  on  a  small  lead  wlilch  shows  good  mineral.  Elmer 
Abernethy  has  the  Lulu  on  a  four  and  one-half  foot  ledge  carrying  a  foot 
of  solid  ore,  which  can  be  traced  several  hundred  feet;  has  the  Green  Eye 
with  two  ledges,  one  of  which  Is  the  same  as  the  Lulu,  and  the  Flossie,  with 
a  three-foot  ledge.  He  and  D.  M.  Henderson  have  the  Summit  and  Princess 
on  an  Iron  cap  of  :great  width  covering  three  and  one-half  feet  of  pyrltic 
ore  On  the  west  end  of  the  mountain  the  Yellow  Jacket  Is  owned  by  John 
and  Samuel  Dimlck,  B.  L.  Tozler.  A.  L.  Tozier  and  E.  R.  Gilbert. 

On  the  summit  of  the  Twlsp  Pass  the  Three  Links  Gold  Mlnmg  Company 
has  three  claims  on  a  twenty-foot  ledge  cropping  for  3,000  feet  between  walls 
of  Dornhyry  and  granite.  It  shows  sulphide  ore  for  Its  whole  width,  assay- 
ing on  the  surface  $4  to  $12  gold,  2%  ounces  silver,  4  per  cent,  copper. 

Adjoining  this  group  Is  the  Gold  Bar  group  of  five  and  one-half  claims, 
owned  by  the  Gold  Bar  Mining  Company,  on  several  ledges  of  sulphide  ore 
cropping  about  twenty  feet  wide  down  the  mountain  side..  A  sixty-foot 
tunnel  on  the  hanging  wall  of  one  ledge  is  in  ore  the  whole  length,  and  an 
eight-foot  cross-cut  did  not  strike  the  footwall.  Assays  run  all  the  way 
from  a  trace  to  $600  gold,  with  some  coppet.  the  average  value  being  about 


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M  MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 

$40.  A  flfty-foot  Rhaft  on  another  ledge  showB  four  feet  of  Blmllar  ore., 
carrying  from  $40  te  |60  gold. 

On  thrt  Hiimn  Hcrles  of  ledges  the  Oolden  Triangle  Mining  Company  has 
nine  clalmH,  which  It  will  develop  this  HcaHon.  The  lodgos  arc  of  groat  bIm 
and  carry  flne-gralncd  white  Iron  BulphidoB,  showing  free  gold  on  the 
surface. 

The  TwiBp  River  Mining  and  Milling  Company  has  the  Hattle  group  of 
three  claims  on  Elmer  Mountain  near  the  Derby,  on  three  ledges  of  free 
milling  ore  carrying  gold  and  a  little  silver,  which  were  discovered  late  In 
1S96.  One  lodge  crops  twelve  feet  wide  and  has  been  traced  acroBS  the 
mountain,  while  the  others  are  of  less  width.  Several  assays  have  ranged 
close  to  $100. 

SALMON    BIVEB. 

This  district  was  once  the  center  of  mining  excitement  In  Washington 
and  is  likely  to  be  so  again,  for  the  presence  of  large  mineral  deposits  has 
boon  so  conclusively  proved  that  its  eclipse  can  bo  but  temporary.  Its  chief 
drawback  Is  Its  remoteness  from  means  of  steam  transportation,  but  the 
development  of  other  districts  to  the  north,  south  and  west  Is  likely  to 
bring  this  ever  nearer. 

The  route  from  Seattle  is  by  the  Great  Northern  Railroad  to  Wenatchee. 
174  miles;  thence  by  steamer  City  of  Ellensburg  up  the  Columbia  and  Okan- 
ogan Rivers  to  Brewster,  eighty-five  mileh,  and  stage  to  Ruby,  forty  miles, 
ConconuUy,  forty-six  miles;  at  high  water,  steamers  to  Johnson's  Landing, 
130  miles;  thence  by  stage  to  Ruby,  sixteen  miles,  and  to  ConconuUy,  six  miles 
further. 

The  first  mineral  discoveries  of  this  district  were  made  after  the  opening 
of  the  Moses  Reservation,  in  the  fall  of  188C,  in  Ruby  Hill,  a  steep  mountain 
rising  to  a  height  of  3,800  feet  above  the  town.  In  a  country  rocV  of  granite 
and  gneiss  were  found  ledges  of  quartis,  carrying  sliver  In  ali  ost  all  its 
forms,  with  a  small  quantity  of  gold,  the  cropplngs  being  stained  with  Iron 
and  copper.  The  ledges  run  a  little  west  of  north  and  east  of  south,  and 
pitch  about  22%  degrees  east,  and  are  on  the  summit  of  the  hill,  ranging  In 
width  from  six  feet  upward.  The  ore  Is  principally  sulphurets,  carrying  from 
10  to  100  ounces  of  silver,  with  rich  pockets  of  native,  wire  and  ruby  silver 
running  much  higher,  and  an  average  of  about  |3  gold.  The  first  discovery 
was  made  by  Jack  Clonan,  'Billy  Milllgan,  Tom  Donan  and  Thomas  Fuller, 
who  struck  a  ledge  about  eighteen  feot  wide,  which  ran  uniformly  from  wall 
to  wall  about  $14  gold  and  silver.  They  located  the  Ruby  on  it,  and  this 
proved  to  be  the  lowest  grade  mine  on  the  hill,  for  Dick  Blklerback  and  his 
father,  Pat  McGreel  and  Will  Chllson,  located  the  First  Thought  on  a 
parallel  ledge  further  east,  which  was  thirty  to  forty  feet  wide  on  the  sur- 
face and  which  ran  about  $28  gold  and  silver  for  Its  whole  width.  The  dis- 
covery of  the  Fourth  of  July,  showing  the  richest  ledge  on  the  hill,  and  tne 
Arlington,  both  by  the  same  party,  came  next.  The  discovery  of  the  Peacock 
by  John  Pccar  and  the  Lenora  by  James  Robii  .wn  and  James  Ollmore,  on 
Peacock  Hill,  to  the  northeast  of  Ruby  Hill,  then  OUerted  attention. 

About  tht  same  time  the  mineral  belt  was  fo.md  to  extend  northward 
beyond  ConconuUy  to  Mineral  Hill,  which  is  an  extension  of  the  sanie  ridge, 
shutting  tn  the  Salmon  River  Canyon  on  the  west,  and  is  about  two  mlTes 
northwest  of  ConconuUy  Equally  valuable  discoveries  were  made  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  canyon  and  through  the  lime  belt,  which  runs  noith  of 
Johnson  Creek  and  east  of  Toat's  Coulee  up  to  Wagon  Road  Coulee,  ea.it  of 
Loomlston.  The  ore  in  the  lime  belt  Is  ali  high  grade,  carrying  black  3Ul- 
phuretH  of  silver  and  showing  copper  stains. 

After  sinking  a  flfty-foot  shaft  and  running  a  100-foot  tunnel,  both  v»n 
the  ledge,  and  discovering  a  small  stringer  running  into  the  main  Udgc,  with 
a  rlc^  pocket  at  the  Junction,  from  which  $1,000  wu«  taken,  the  discoverers 
of  the  Ruby  sold  it  to  Jonathan  Bourne,  Jr.,  of  Portland.  This  was  the 
beginning  of  a  heavy  Investment  by  a  large  company  of  Portland  people, 
headed  by  Mr.  Bourne  and  by  others  who  followed  his  lead.  Ti'ie  First 
Thought  showed  $28  ore  in  an  eighty-foot  shaft,  ani  was  sold  to  Mr.  Boumci 
and  his  associates  for  $40,000  cash.  On  the  Arlington  the  locHtors  sank  a 
forty-foot  shaft,  showing  a  six-foot  vein,  which  ran  about  $40  gold  and  silver, 
and  In  1888  sold  for  $45,000  cash  to  the  Arlington  Mining  Company,  of  whic>i 
Mr.  Bourne  was  president.  Mr.  Bourne  incorporated  the  Rubv  and  Flrsv 
Thought,  each  separatelj,  organized  the  Washington  Reduction  Conpany 
to  put  in  a  concentrating  plant  to  treat  the  ores,  and  acquired  other  cla'iis, 
so  that  he  and  the  corporations  which  he  controls  now  own  twenty-iteven 
contiguouA  claims  on  Ruby  hill. 

The  Arlington  Mining  Company  did  about  800  feet  of  development  In  the 
shape  of  shafts,  drifts  and  tunnels,  reaching  a  depth  of  226  feet,  at  which 
the  letige"waJs  the  same  In  size  and  character  as  on  the  surface.    The  com-' 
pany   then   started   the   erection   of  a   leeching   plant,    but,    after   expending 
about  $130,000  on  this  and  other'  work,   discovered   that  no  water  could  be 


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INDEX  TO  NUMBERED  CLAIMS, 

Map  of  Twisp  District. 


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WeMt  ct  A'ortn 
Creek. 

1.  Gtolden  Eagle. 

2.  Jack  Knife. 

3.  Twlsp  King. 

4.  Bamboo  Chief. 

6.  Chief  Moses. 
0.  Three  Links. 

7.  I.  X.  L. 

8.  Anita  May. 

9.  Surprise. 

11.  Anaconda. 

12.  Sarah. 

13.  Lucky  Jack. 

14.  Chelan. 

15.  Copper  King. 

16.  Gold  Bug. 

17.  Tiptop. 

18.  Granite  N(..  2. 

19.  Chief. 

20.  Iron  Horse. 

21.  Granite  No.  1. 

22.  Accident. 

23.  Vincent. 

24.  Black  Bull. 

25.  Last  Chance. 

26.  Snowflake. 

27.  Climber. 
'.}.  Daisy. 

29.  Ivy. 

30.  Theretia.. 

31.  Iron  C!..at. 

32.  Mountain  &c«ai. 

33.  War  Eagle. 

34.  Thurs  lay, 

35.  "Wa.shingrton. 

36.  Fra'ikHn. 
3:.  Quartettii, 

38.  Rockford. 

39.  Mobile. 

40.  Pioneer. 

41.  Copper  King, 

42.  Alaban.a   Cocn. 

43.  Roynl  Ann. 

44.  First  Glance 

45.  WaJtar  B. 
4(5.  James  Earl. 

47.  Orejvonlo.n. 

48.  Fay  D, 

49.  E3.  X.  U 
60.  Derby. 

51.  E.  X.  L. 

52.  Alp£ne. 

53.  Equinox. 

54.  Snowstorm. 

66.  E.  X. 

56.  Lady  of  the  L. 

67.  Spokane. 

"18.  St.  Laurence. 
J».  Roller  Mill. 

60.  C.  ft  C. 

61.  Bertha. 

62.  4th  July. 

63.  MoKlnley. 

64.  Yellow  Rom. 
66.  Bryaiti. 

66.  Snow  611d«. 

68.  Cap.  Joe. 

69.  Sitting  BulL 


70.  St.  Anthony. 

71.  Ben.  B. 

72.  White  Lily. 

73.  Admiral. 

74.  J.  B. 

75.  M.  J. 

76.  Hoosler. 

77.  St.  Paul. 

78.  Minneapolis. 

79.  Franklin. 

80.  Dick. 

81.  Portland. 

82.  Trilby. 

83.  Norfolk. 

84.  Highland  Chief. 
X5.  Beatrice. 

86.  Allen  J. 
S7.  Bloomer. 

88.  Jack  B. 

89.  Twisp  Chief. 

90.  Oro. 

91.  M.  &  M. 

Kant  of  ISortli 
Creek. 

92.  Liza. 

93.  Josephine. 

94.  The  .Fountain. 
95   Flossie. 

96.  Elmer. 

97.  Green  Eye. 

98.  City  O'f  Salem. 

99.  Yellow  Hornet. 

100.  Yellow  Jack. 

101.  Robert. 

102.  Little  Fellow. 

103.  Lulu. 

104.  Golden  Gate. 

106.  Buckeye. 

107.  Gilbert. 

108.  McCord. 

109.  Summit. 
UO.  Prince. 

111.  iMary. 

112.  Hattle. 

113.  Greenhorn. 

114.  Falcon. 

115.  Bryan. 

118.  Bright  Bye. 

117.  Tenderfoot. 

118.  Vulcan. 

119.  Constitution. 

120.  Continental. 

121.  Constitution. 

122.  Ethel. 

124.  Dan  Logan. 

125.  B.  D.  Baker. 
128.  Shamrock. 

127.  Myrtle. 

128.  Granite. 

129.  Delan*^. 

130.  Referendum. 

South    Mf   Tvrl»t 

RiTer. 

1.  Ben    Franklin, 
a.  Iv£  .,,ioe. 
I.  Mayflower. 


4.  Q.  D.  Q. 

6.  Jennie. 

f.  Porcupine. 

7.  Cultus  Jim. 

8.  Bandana. 

9.  Big  Boy. 

10.  Mountain  Lily. 

11.  Greenhorn. 

12.  Gold  Bar. 

13.  No.  8. 

14.  Gold  Brick. 

15.  Jessie. 

16.  Eva. 

17.  June. 

18.  Gladstone. 

19.  Golden  Triangle. 

20.  Highland  Scot. 

21.  Skylark. 

22.  Uncle  Sam. 

23.  Kangaroo. 

24.  Union. 

25.  Nellie. 

26.  Cumtux. 

27.  Crown  Prince. 

28.  Crown  King. 
28.  Cornucopia. 
30.  Ella. 

31   O.  K. 

^.  St.  Paul  No.  2. 

33.  St.  Paul  Globe. 

34.  Burlington. 

35.  Waverly. 
"6.  Tiunasza. 

37.  DeTTdrop. 

38.  Helena. 

39.  Irene. 

40.  Boston. 

41.  Good  Enough. 

42.  Lucky  Boy. 

43.  Daisy. 

44.  Blueblll. 

46.  Lost  Boy. 

47.  Estella. 

48.  Bluebird. 

49.  Bull's  Bye. 

50.  Cascade. 

51.  White  Rose. 

52.  Columbia. 

53.  Bula. 

54.  CJarfleld. 

55.  Mingo  Chief. 

56.  Peachblow. 

57.  Exchange. 

58.  Michigan. 

59.  Alpine. 

60.  F.  &  B. 

61.  Orient. 

62.  Little  Giant. 

63.  M.  &  G. 

64.  Ben  Harrison. 

66.  Florfince  Grace, 
fi6.  North  Star. 

67.  WindEor. 

68.  Comstock. 

69.  Ben   Lummaa. 

70.  Wldta. 
72.  Bridge. 
76.  Gamett 
7«.  :^nk  Bar. 


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obtained  on  the  site  selected,  although  there  was  abundance  in  the  creek 
260  feet  below.  Work  on  the  plant  was  puspended,  mining:  stopped  and,  of 
the  several  hundred  tons  of  ore  which  had  accumulated,  the  best  was  con- 
centrated at  the  Washington  Reduction  Company's  mill. 

On  the  First  Thought  Mr.  Bourne  went  vigorously  to  work.  He  first  ran 
tunnel  No.  3  900  feet,  tapping  the  ledge  at  a  depth  of  400  feet,  and  then  up- 
raised a  shaft  to  the  surface,  234  feet.  He  ran  another  tunnel  about  1,000 
feet  on  the  fooiwall,  and  made  a  cross-cut  112^  feet,  all  through  ore. 
Another  tunnel  was  run  800  feet  on  the  hanging  wall,  which  gave  a  d«pth  of 
200  feet.  A  number  of  drifts  from  the  tunnel  on  the  footwall  to  that  on  the 
hanging  wall  showed  the  ledge  to  be  from  thirty  to  sixty  feet  wide.  It 
averaged  from  six  to  ten  ounces  silver  and  $3  gold,  though  there  were  rich 
streaks  and  pockets,  showing  native  und  ruby  sliver,  which  ron  up  to  1,000 
ounces. 

Meanwhile  the  Washington  Reduction  Company  erected  a  concentrator 
at  Ruby  and  built  a  cable  bucket  tramway  a  mile  long,  from  the  First 
Thought  mine.  It  has  two  rock  crushers,  two  Dodge  pulverizers  witn 
screens,  eight  Frue  vanners,  canvas  strakes,  and  an  electric  dynamo  run 
by  water  power,  the  whole  costing  about  $70,000.  It  ran  for  abort  three 
months  In  1892,  and,  after  a  suspension  during  the  winter,  started  again  In 
the  spring  of  1893  and  ran  until  July.  As  silver  then  fell  below  To  cents,  the 
mill  was  stopped  after  producing  about  $40,000  In  concentrates,  clear  of 
freight  and  treatment  charges,  and  has  not  since  turned  a  wheel. 

The  Fourth  of  July  was  bought  by  a  syndicate  which  Incorporated,  leaving 
out  Mr.  Bourne's  one-eighth,  as  he  refused  to  sell.  The  company  sank 
about  780  feet,  ran  d'-lfts  for  some  500  feet  and  sloped  about  800  tons  of  ore. 
This  was  the  richest  ledge  on  the  hill,  being  fifteen  feet  wide,  with  a  D«.y 
streak  four  feet  wide,  from  which  one  shipment  of  twenty  tons  paid  $480  a 
ton  gold  and  silver,  while  specimens  of  ore  carrying  native  and  wire  sliver 
were  carried  away,  which  would  aggregate  thousands  of  dollars  In  value. 
About  200  tons  of  ore  were  shipped  and  300  tons  were  treated  at  the  Ruby 
concentrator. 

Among  the  first  locations  on  Ruby  Hill  was  the  Wooloo  Mooloo,  by  Hugh 
McCool  and  others,  who  found  a  ledge  eight  feet  wide,  carrying  black  sul- 
phurets,  the  first  two  assays  from  which  ran  3,000  and  5,000  ounces  sliver. 
They  sank  a  shaft  160  feet  on  the  ledge  and  then  lost  it.  The  War  Eagle, 
owned  by  a  number  of  St.  Paul  men,  has  an  eight-foot  ledge  of  low-grade  ore 
on  which  a  shaft  has  been  sunk  150  feet.  On  the  Idaho,  George  Turner, 
W.  N.  Drumheller  and  M'illlam  Pfunder  have  a  shaft  about  150  feet  deep 
on  the  same  ledge. 

The  discovery  claim  on  Anaconda  Hill  was  the  Anaconda,  located  by 
Thomas  Hlgstrun,  on  a  twentv-foot  ledge  of  chloride  ore,  showing  well  on 
the  surface  and  assaying  200  to  300  ounces.  Hlgstrun  sold  it  for  $10,000  to 
John  Rudberg,  who  resold  to  Hale  &  Smith,  Xenophon  Steeves  and  J.  C. 
Moreland,  of  Portland,  for  $:'5,500,  he  retaining  a  one-eighth  interest.  The 
new  owners  sank  a  shaft  thirty-five  or  forty  feet  and  then  lost  the  ledge. 
They  ran  a  tunnel  lower  down  the  mountain  to  tap  It  In  about  400  feet,  at 
a  point  below  the  shaft,  but  did  not  strike  it  there.  They  have  been  con- 
tinuing assessment  work  and  have  run  on  the  ledge  ogaln,  showing  up  good 
black  sulphurets. 

About  the  same  time  that  the  first  discoveries  were  in».de  on  Ruby  Hill 
a  similar  body  of  ore  was  found  near  the  foot  of  Conconuily'ijake  by  "Texas" 
George  Runnels  and  J.  C.  Boone,  who  located  the  Lady  of  the  Lake  on  it 
the  day  the  Moses  reservation  was  opened.  They  bonded  it  to  O.  B.  Peck 
for  $40,000.  and  he  made  about  100  feet  of  drifts  and  cross-cuts,  but  forfeited 
the    bond. 

The  Lone  Star,  on  the  west  side  of  Salmon  River,  about  a  mile  i;bove 
Conconully  was  located  by  Henry  C.  Lawrence,  who  interested  Allen  C. 
Mason,  of  Tacoma.  There  Is  a  ledge  of  galena  ore  about  twelve  feet  wlae 
which  assays  about  100  ounces  of  silver,  on  which  a  shaft  has  been  sunk  350 
feet,  and  drifts  have  been  run  each  way  on  the  ledge  at  every  100  feet, 
aggregating  1,000  feet,  about  $40,000  being  8i>ent  and  a  considerable  quantity 
of  ore  taken  out.  .      .      „,       ,.  »,  ^        „  .» 

Directly  across  the  river  from  the  Lone  Star  la  the  Tough  Nut,  owned 
by  H.  C.  Thompson.  Mllo  Kelly  and  others.  The  ledge  Is  about  .six  fejJt  wide, 
showing  black  sulphurets  and  galena  like  the  Lone  Star  ore.  and  the  work 
on  it  consists  of  a  100- foot  shaft  and  a  tunnel  150  feet,  both  en  the  ledge. 

The  Homestake,  adjoining  the  Tough  Nut  on  the  south.  Is  owned  by  Ben 
Everett,  Charles  Ulmann  und  Otis  Spiague.  of  Tacoma.  'Ihey  ran  a  tunnel 
150  feet  through  n  twenty-foot  ledge,  well  mineralized  with  jsllver-iead  ore. 
and  have  200  tons  of  ore  m  the  bins.  ^  

Adjoining  the  Lone  Star  on  the  north  is  the  John  Arthur,  owned  by 
James  Robinson,  of  EUensburg,  and  Deputy  Collector  of  <-"s*?"'s /•  ia5*°- 
Donald,  of  Oro.  A  shaft  Is  down  126  feet  aa  the  same  ledge  as  the  '--one  ftar. 
showing  the  same  kind  of  ore.  The  north  extension  on  the  same  ledge.  19 
the  St.  Clair,  located  by  Thomas  Hanway  and  -—  Dudley,  who  sank  a 
100-foot  shaft  near  that  of  the  John  Arthur  und  on  the  same  "J^^. ''.?"!?•„  „„ 

The  greatest  development  in  thin  section  of  the  district.  howi^\e«,  was  on 

neral   mil     where  the   Brldiiei>ort   Milling  &  Mining  Company   bought  five 
(5) 


Mineral 


M 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


clainiii.  Double  compartment  shafts  were  sunk  125  feet  on  one  claim  and  130 
feet  on  another,  and  a  luhnel  was  run  IW)  feet  on  the  hill  above  the  latter. 
Shafts  were  also  sunk  on  the  otlior  thiee.  A  pair  of  hoisting  engines,  boilers, 
air  compressor,  two  niacliine  drills  and  a  sawmill  were  erected,  the  whole 
property  rei)resentlng  an  fxpenuiiure  of  $:(0,000  on  mines  and  machinery.  All 
the  claims  have  lodKes  three  to  six  feet  wide  ot  hlsh  grade  silver-lead  ore, 
of  which  a  ten-ton  shipment  ran  $iiOO,  |20  of  this  being  gold  and  the  balance 
silver. 

The  Buckhorn,  adjoining  tliis  group  on  the  west,  is  owned  three-quarters 
by  the  Bridgeport  conipiiny  and  one-giiartir  by  A.  C.  Cowherd,  .and  has  a 
ledge  forty  to  fifty  feet  wide  on  the  surface. 

Among  the  noted  ri<>h  cliilms  on  Mineral  Hill  is  the  I>a  Euna,  for  which 
T.  L.  Nixon,  of  Taconui,  paid  $10,000.  It  has  a  small  ledge  of  very  rich  ore, 
of  which  a  live-ton  shipment  from  a  forty-foot  shaft  gave  returns  of  398 
ounces  per  ton. 

Mineral  Hill  also  boasts  of  the  Mohawk,  for  which  H.  C.  Lawrence  re- 
fused an  offer  of  $;!0,000  and  on  which  a  tunnel  200  feet  has  shown  a  three-foot 
ledpe  of  high  grade  ore,  running  over  300  ounces  silver.  On  the  Independence, 
John  Stech.  of  Seattle,  who  paid  $4,uoo  for  it,  has  a  100-foot  shaft  on  a  four- 
foot  ledge  of  similar  ore  to  tliat  in  the  liridftcport  group,  and  is  keeping  up 
his  assessment  work,  (n  the  Pointer,  adjoining  the  Tough  Nut  on  the  south, 
Messrs.  Hargrove  and  Stukesberry  have  a  tive-foot  ledge,  running  loO  to  150 
ounces  silver,  on  which  tb.ey  have  a  l.')0-foot  tunnel. 

It  was  about  the  time  that  the  first  discoveries  wore  made  on  Salmon 
River  that  the  late  ex-lieutenant  governor.  Charles  E.  Ijaughton.  organized 
a  company  to  build  a  concentrator  to  trtat  their  ores  on  the  customs  plan. 
He  erected  a  building  in  the  eai.yon  between  the  Tough  Nut  and  Ijone  Star 
mines  and  put  up  a  plant  consisting  of  a  rock  crusher,  a  set  of  rollers  to 
pulverize  the  rock,  drum  screens  to  sizi,^  the  material,  wooden  jigs  and  wooden 
bumper-vanners.  But  much  of  the  mineral  escaped  with  the  tailings,  so 
that  the  latter  were  richer  than  the  concentrates,  less  than  half  the  value 
being  saved.  Al>out  fifty  tons  from  the  Tough  Nut  and  a  little  from  the 
Homestake  were  concentrated,  and  then,  as  the  assay  value  failed  to  show 
up,  the  mine  owners  refused  to  furnish  more  ore.  and  after  a  two  weeks' 
run  in  18S9  the  machinery  stopped,  never  to  rtm  again.  Some  time  later  the 
machinery  men  foreclosed  tluir  mortgage  and  Allen  C.  Mason  bought  the 
mill,  but  has  never  run  ii.  He  has  sold  some  of  the  shafting  and  parts  of 
the  machinery. 

In  the  lime  belt  the  principal  group  is  the  Silver  Bluff  of  t'^n  claims, 
owned  by  fhe  Silver  Bluff  Mining  and  Milling  Company.  On  the  surface 
the  ore  In  this  grouj)  runs  in  great  bunches  of  high  value,  and  a  large 
amount  of  prospecting  has  been  done  in  the  endeavor  to  find  where  it  lies 
in  the  country  rock  below.  Work  was  going  on  last  summer,  and  one  car 
load  was  shipped  which  netted  over  $100.  The  Belcher  is  another  claim  on 
the  lime  belt,  owned  by  the  Belcher  Mining  Company,  about  one  and 
one-half  mih  s  from  the  Silver  Bluff.  A  shaft  has  been  sunk  275  feet  and 
drifts  run  at  the  100-foot  level  and  at  the  bottom. 

That  Salmon  River  cuts  some  free  gold  ledges  is  evidenced  by  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  in  the  sand  at  several  points  on  its  course.  Charles  H.  Ballard 
and  J.  R.  Wallace  found  gold  in  the  sand  of  a  bench  about  a  mile  square 
one  mile  below  Conconully  and  took  out  $20  in  prospecting  it.  The"  ground 
carries  from  one-tenth  of  a  cent  to  10  cents  to  the  pan,  and  would  make  good 
hydraulic  ground.  Eight  miles  above  town,  at  a  place  called  the  Meadows, 
on  the  north  fork  of  Salmon  River,  I.,ayton  S.  Baldwin,  L.  Irwin  Baldwin, 
H.  A.  Wilder,  John  Armstrong,  of  Conconully.  and  J.  p.  Gleason.  of  Seattle, 
located  claims  on  a  bar  which  appears  to  be  an  old  river  l)ed  and  where  the 
dirt  carries  shot  gold  to  the  amount  of  10  to  15  cents  a  cubic  yard. 


OKANOGAN    LAKE. 

With  a  railroad  penetrating  Its  center  and  a  steamer  connecting  with  it 
on  the  lake,  this  district  has  every  cause  to  look  for  rapid  developme\it.  The 
Canadian  Pacific  Railroad  runs  from  Vancouver  to  Sicamous,  335  miles,  and 
thenoe  a  branch  runs  to  Vernon,  forty-seven  miles,  and  to  Okanogan  Land- 
ing, fifty-one  miles.  Vernon  is  In  a  rich  valley  with  good  roads  branching 
from  it,  and  the  construction  of  others  to  new  camps  will  be  Inexpensive 

The  mineral  belt  of  this  district  runs  through, the  hills  which  shut  In  the 
Okanogan  valley  on  the  east  and  west.  The  country  formation  consists  of 
belts  of  dioritc.  granite  and  C4uartzlte,  cut  by  dikes  of  lime  and  porphyry. 
Running  through  this  in  a  generally  east  and  west  direction  are  iron-capped 
ledges  carrying  gold,  galena,  iron  and  copper  sulphurets  and  ranging  In 
width  from  two  to  fifty  feet.  There  are  also  large  bodies  of  low  grade  free- 
milling  quartz  which  carries  gold,   with   little  or  no  silver. 

The  pioneer  mine  of  this  district  Is  the  Monoshe«>,  on  the  north  .tide  of 
Monoshee    Mountain,    about    fifty    miles    southeast    of   this    town    and    over- 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


with  it 
eiit.  The 
4lleB,  and 
xn  Land- 
iranchlng 
naive, 
ut  In  the 
mslsts  of 
)orphyry. 
>n-c-apped 
nglng  In 
•ade  free- 

h  side  of 
rid   over- 


looking Cherry  Creek,  '.n  which  placers  have  been  worked  for  about  thirty 
years.  It  was  discovered  about  ten  years  ago  by  Donald  Mclntyre,  and  has 
a  ledge  of  free  milling  gold  quartz  about  three  and  one-half  feet  wide.  Mr. 
Mclntyre,  with  F.  G.  Vernon  and  a  Mr.  Rlskle,  drove  five  tunnels  on  the 
ledge  to  a  length  of  fifty  to  200  feet,  and  stoped  out  the  ore  thus  opened. 
They  erected  a  mill  of  an  old  style  and  ran  about  200  tons  of  ore  through  It, 
and,  finding  It  did  not  save  the  value,  stopped  operation  and  have  never 
resumed. 

The  next  important  discovery  was  not  made  till  1891,  and  has  the  prospect 
of  being  developed  on  a  large  scale  through  the  Investment  of  a  largo  amount 
of  English  capital.  This  Is  the  Swan  Lake  group  of  six  claims,  discovered 
by  the  late  Capt.  F.  D.  Shorts  and  W.  J.  Armstrong,  of  Vernon.  These 
claims  are  on  a  great  deposit  of  free-milling  quartz  which  crops  out  in 
steep  buttes  and  bluffs  through  the  hills  sloping  down  from  the  east  of 
Sw;in  Lake,  four  miles  north  of  Vernon.  One  of  these  outcrops  has  been 
opened  in  a  point  o'  "ock  on  the  roadside,  and  the  ledge  can  be  traced  far 
up  the  hill.  It  ar  •»  to  be  an  almost  flat  deposit,  and  has  been  traced  on 
the  surface  over  ^  square  mile  of  ground.  A  shaft  has  been  sunk  fifty  feet 
at  a  point  600  feet  below  the  highest  outcrop,  with  a  twenty-foot  drift  from 
the  bottom.  All  this  work  is  in  ore,  which  has  given  assays  ranging  from 
$3.25  to  $13  In  free  gold,  with  a  trace  of  silver.  The  deposit  is  pronounced 
to  be  similar  in  extent  and  character  to  the  great  Treadwell  mine  In  Alaska, 
and  with  the  Canadian  Pacillc  railroad  running  along  the  lake  shore  only  a 
few  hundred  yards  distant,  has  every  facility  for  cheap  development  and 
operation.  The  group  is  now  owned  by  the  Swan  Lake  Mining  and  De- 
velopment Company,  which  has  bonded  It  to  Arthur  H.  Craven,  the  rep- 
resentative of  London  capitalists,  for  $120,000,  and  he  has  examined  the 
property  and  tested  the  ore  with  a  view  to  deciding  the  course  to  be  taken 
with  It.  If  the  ore  will  average  $4  a  ton  'n  gold  he  proposes  to  erect  a  Ilfty- 
stamp  mill  and  chlorlnatlon  works  and  reduce  the  ore  by  the  method  In  use 
at  Treadwell. 

In  the  fall  of  1895  the  BX  group  of  seven  claims,  adjoining  the  Swan  Lake 
group,  was  located  by  Leo  Simmons,  E.  C.  Simmons,  Charles  Casterton 
and  E.  C.  Thompson,  all  of  Vernon.  The  greatest  showing  is  where  BX 
Creek  had  cut  through  the  ledge  down  to  the  granite  footwall  and  where, 
by  stripping,  it  was  exposed  for  a  width  of  sixty  feet.  Assays  from  this 
■olaoe  gave  $6  to  $<S  gold  and  a  little  silver,  wihch  Is  a  fair  example  of  the 
•"irhole  group.  The  country  rock,  which  Is  chlorite.  Is  Itself  mineralized, 
having  given  an  assay  of  $6.50  gold.  A  twenty-flve-foot  shaft  sunk  on  a 
four-foot  ledge  showed  plumbago  mixed  with  the  broken  surface  rock. 

A  little  later.  In  December,  1895.  James  McClellan  found  a  ledge  of  free- 
mllllng  ore  similar  to  that  at  Swan  Lake  on  his  ranch  about  eight  miles 
north  of  town,  and  with  Alex  McArthur,  J.  Brown  and  Tom  Clinton  located 
the  Larkin  group  of  three  claims.  On  an  eight-foot  ledge  a  hole  has  been 
sunk  fifteen  feet,  assays  of  $1  to  $S  being  obtained  from  surface  rock,  while 
a  parallel  ledge  is  ten  feet  wide.  A  short  distance  further  north,  near  Lumby, 
large  bodies  of  free-milling  ore  were  discovered  by  A.  J.  McMullen  and 
Samuel  Mcllvanie  In  April,  18<t6. 

Explorations  had  meanwhile  turned  southward  along  Oka.iogan  Lake, 
and  one  result  Is  the  creation  of  Camp  Hewitt,  on  a  mountain  1,500  feet  high, 
overlooking  the  lake  fro.n  the  west  and  sixty  miles  south  of  Okanogan  Land- 
ing Here.  In  June,  1895,  Gus  Hewitt  and  Alexis  C.  Broth  found  a  cropping 
of  free-milling  quartz  three  or  four  feet  wide  In  a  porphyry  dike  in  a  granite 
formation,  In  which  free  gold  was  plainly  visible,  and  located  the  Dandy 
and  King  Solomon  on  parallel  ledges  about  four  feet  apart.  The  surface  rock 
was  much  decomposed,  and  Messrs.  Hewitt  and  Broth  spent  much  of  the 
summer  in  panning  gold  out  of  It  and  got  good  returns.  In  the  winter  of  1895 
they  ran  a  cross-cut  tunnel  115  feet  on  the  Dandy,  but  have  so  far  been 
unable  to  locate  the  ledge,  and  will  now  drift  from  the  tunnel  for  it.  On 
the  King  Solomon  the  surface  rock  Is  dn  a  slide,  but  the  ledga  in  place  has 
been  traced  for  6,000  feet  through  four  claims  and  a  cross-cut  tunnel  Is  being 
run  The  Winifred,  a  Supposed  extension  of  the  Dandy,  located  by  C.  Booth 
and  R  U  Venner,  has  a  shaft  twenty  feet  deep  on  a  ledge  three  feet  wide. 
On  a  parallel  ledge  Is  the  North  Star,  owned  by  George  Bell  and  Donald 
Mclntyre  There  wps  a  cropping  three  and  one-half  feet  wide  carrying  free 
gold  but  a  ten  foot  shaft  has  shown  galena  carrying  about  $20  gold,  and 
also 'copper.  With  the  Stag,  an  exten.sion  of  the  North  Star,  Henry  Hardy 
and  C  B.  Casterton  have  had  a  similar  experience,  for,  while  they  had  a 
three-foot  cropping  of  free-milling  ore  between  granite  walls,  they  ran  Into 
galena  carrying  gold  and  silver  with  copper  and  Iron  su^phurets,  from  which 
they  got  assays  of  $14  to  $20  gold.  The  Mountain  View,  two  miles  nearer  the 
lake  discovered  by  Me.sars.  Hewitt  and  Broth  In  April,  1896,  has  a  ledge  of 
galena  ore  five  or  six  feet  wide  In  a  lime  formation,  running  cast  and  west 
with  a  dip  to  the  south.    An  Incline  shaft  has  been  gunk  thirty  feet. 

Another  place  where  the  old  placer  workings  have  led  to  discoveries  of 
quartz  ledges  is  the  ridge  between  Slwash  and  Six-Mile  creeks,  on  the  west 
side  of  Okanogan  Lake,  for  the  bars  of  Slwash  Creek  have  been  worked  for 
over  twenty  years.  Joseph  Hitchler  located  the  Jumbo  and  William  Clark 
the  E.  S.  on  a  ledge  of  Iron  and  copper  pyrites  In  a  lime  formation,  running 


f> 


99  MINMNO    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 

almost  due  north  and  south.  From  the  decomposed  quartE  at  the  outcrop, 
aud  from  the  fact  that  a  cross-cut  tunnel  on  the  E.  S.  has  been  run  thirty 
feet  without  finding  the  walls,  It  la  believed  that  the  ledge  Is  at  least  thirty 
feet  wide. 

Still  nearer  the  town,  on  the  point  which  divides  the  east  arm  from  the 
main  body  of  Okanogan  Lake,  a  cropping  of  galena  ore  was  found  last 
spring  by  J.  N.  Norden  and  his  two  sons,  which  was  six  feet  wide  on  the 
surface  and  was  traced  for  100  feet.  It  runs  a  little  west  of  a  north  and 
south  line  In  a  badly  shaken  formation  resembling  syenite.  The  first  shot 
showed  up  ore,  which  assayed  $10.80  gold,  $54  sliver  and  a  little  copper.  The 
Mordens  located  the  Morning  Glory  with  the  Jumbo  on  the  north,  and 
adjolnir-if  the  Jumbo  E.  Harris  located  the  Hardup.  The  south  extensions, 
following  the  ledge  to  the  water's  edge,  are  the  Morning  Star  by  the  Mordens 
and  the  Chieftain  by  P.  H.  Latimer.  On  another  ledge,  which  runs  at  right 
angles  to  the   Morning  Glory,   are   the  Close  Call   and   Old    Iron,   owned   by 

A.  N.  Pelly.  This  ledge  is  nine  feet  wide  on  the  surface  and  ten  feet  on  the 
face  of  the  cliff  overlooking  the  lake,  and  has  assayed  $3  to  $17  sliver,  a  good 
percentage  of  copper  and  a  trace  of  gold.  Mr.  Pelly  is  driving  a  tunnel  on 
the  ledge  in  the  face  of  the  cliff  and  will  sink  a  shaft  from  the  bench  above. 

Prospecting  then  came  closer  to  the  town,  and  in  December  Camp  Lefroy 
was  established  on  tae  hills  to  the  northwest,  with  locations  reaching  within 
one  mile  of  Vernon.  The  mineral  Is  in  a  belt  of  four  parallel  ledges  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile  In  width  and  well  defined  for  a  distance  of  three  miles. 
The  ore  is  quartz,  carrying  gold,  copper  and  magnetic  Iron,  with  a  little 
galena,  and  is  between  well-dettned  walls  of  slate  and  schist.  The  first 
location  was  the  Mabel  May,  by  Richard  Shook  and  G.  Milligan,  who  found 
rich  float  showing  free  gold,  but  have  not  yet  found  the  ledge,  though  they 
have  made  a  surface  cut  and  are  running  a  cross-cut  tunnel.  On  the  exten- 
sion and  on  a  parallel  ledge  further  up  the  hill  is  the  Babel  group  of  four 
claims,  owned  by  F.  H.  Latimer,  F.  M.  Klrby,  James  Martin  and  G.  A. 
Henderson.  On  another  parallel  ledge  are  the  Warrior  and  Maverick, 
owned  by  H.  F.  Parke,  F.  H.  Latimer  and  F.  M.  Klrby,  and  the  Big  D,  by 
J.  G.  Webster  and  H.  F.  Dennlson.  Further  west  is  the  Little  One,  by 
Messrs.  Klrby  and  Latimer,  on  a  four-foot  ledge,  the  Chariot,  by  Mr.  Dennl- 
son, being  an  extension  on  It,  while  on  the  southeast  Is  the  Blue  Jay.  owned 
by  Messrs.  Klrby  and  Latimer,  with  an  elghteen-lnch  ledge.  All  these 
ledges  are  from  one  to  five  feet  wide  and  carry  iron  pyrites  and  gold,  with 
a  little  arsenical  Iron,  while  the  Falcon  also  shows  galena  and  copper.  Sur-r 
face  ore  has  assayed  as  high  as  $10  In  gold. 

On  the  hills  between  Okanogan  Lake  and  Long  Lake  on  the  east,  a  num- 
ber of  locations  have  been  made  on  ledges  of  Iron  and  copper  pyrites  carry- 
ing gold.    Among  these  are  the  Silver  Queen  and  Barney  Barnato,  by  Simon 

B.  Ord;  the  Aberdeen  and  Coutite.ss,  by  John  Howard  and  William  Appleton; 
the  Alexander,  by  George  H.  Meaklns;  the  Sunset,  by  —  Colbee  and  J.  O. 
Williams;  the  Gold  King,  by  J.  K.  Johnson;  the  War  Horse,  by  F.  H.  Barnes 
and  William  Haupt;  the  IXL,  by  J.  K.  Johnson,  and  the  Lark,  by  William 
Johnson. 

Along  both  banks  of  Deep  Creek,  four  miles  west  of  Okanogan  Lake  and 
two  and  one-half  miles  southwest  of  Hewitt's  Camp,  a  number  of  parallel 
ledges  of  iron  and  copper  pyrites  and  galena  carrying  gold,  between  well- 
defined  walls,  have  since  been  the  scene  of  much  work.  On  the  north  side 
of  the  creek  Is  the  Panorama,  owned  by  J.  L.  Webster,  showing  a  little  free 
gold.  Next  on  the  west  Is  the  Little  Duncan,  owned  by  Mr.  Webster  and 
J.  Walker,  in  which  an  open  cut  five  feet  deep  showed  ore  assaying  101 
ounces  silver.  On  going  fifty  feet  lower  and  starting  an  Incline,  ore  was 
obtained  which  assayed  $6.40  gold  and  $11.90  silver.  On  the  same  ledge  is  the 
Major,  owned  by  J.  L.  Webster  and  James  Martin.  On  the  south  side  of 
the  creek  is  a  succession  of  ledges  on  which  have  been  located  the  Stella, 
by  G.  A.  Han  key  and  others;  the  Iron  Mask,  by  Mr.  Webster;  the  Farmer, 
by  Messrs.  Dennlson  and  Latimer,  on  which  a  small  shaft  shows  galena 
and  copper  pyrites  widening  from  eighteen  to  thirty-six  inches,  and  the 
Blind  Man,  by  Messrs.  Webster  and  Walker,  which  (stands  on  the  side  of 
the  gulch. 

Further  south  and  within  twelve  miles  of  Penticton,  on  the  west  shore 
of  Okanogan  Lake,  Alexander  Thompson  In  May.  1896.  located  the  Aberdeen 
on  a  ledge  of  pyrites  fifteen  feet  wide,  which  has  been  bonded  by  W.  T. 
Thompson.  Extensions  on  this  ledge  are  the  Rambler,  by  Joseph  Thurber, 
and  the  Scrambler,  by  H.  E.  Walker. 


EST. 


TtB  at  the  outcrop, 
tias  been  run  thirty 
je  Is  at  least  thirty 

east  arm  from  the 
)re  was  found  last 
Ix  feet  wide  on  the 
eat  of  a  north  and 
lite.  The  first  shot 
i  little  copper.  The 
on  the  north,  and 
le  south  extensions. 
Star  by  the  Mordens 
which  runs  at  right 
31d  Iron,  owned  by 
and  ten  feet  on  the 
to  $17  silver,  a  good 
driving  a  tunnel  on 
)m  the  bench  above, 
ember  Camp  Lefroy 
ons  reaching  within 
arallei  ledges  three- 
Eince  of  three  miles. 

iron,  with  a  little 
d  schist.  The  first 
Milligan,  who  found 
■  ledge,  though  they 
nnel.  On  the  exten- 
Babel  group  of  four 
I  Martin  and  Q.  A. 
rior  and  Maverick, 
,  and  the  Big  D,  by 

the  Little  One,  by 
ariot,  by  Mr.  Denni- 
:he  Blue  Jay.  owned 
h  ledge.  All  these 
rites  and  gold,  with 
la  and  copper.    Sur-r 

on  the  east,  a  mum- 
opper  pyrites  carry- 
j  Barnato,  by  Simon 
d  William  Appleton; 
—  Colbee  and  J.  O. 
rse,  by  F.  H.  Barnes 
»e  Lark,  by  William 

Okanogan  Lake  and 
number  of  parallel 

gold,  between  well- 
On  the  north  side 
showing  a  little  free 
jy  Mr.  Webster  and 
'ed    ore   as.saying   101 

an  incline,  ore  was 
he  same  ledge  is  the 
)n  the  south  side  of 
n  located  the  Stella, 
Webster;  the  Farmer, 

shaft  shows  galena 
six  Inches,  and  the 
ands  on  the  side  of 

I,   on   the  west  shore 

located  the  Aberdeen 

;n   bonded   by   W.   T. 

by  Joseph  Thurber, 


<■    i4 


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MmmO  IN  THf  PACIFIC  NORTHWtST 


OKANOGAN  COUNTY, 
WASHINGTON, 


VVagoH  Roads. 
Trails. 
StsmpMMln.  i 


SCALE  OF  MILta 


9 


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490^  AMD  WININO  KNOINtlP 


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MININ( 


This  name  Is  Klven 

boundary,    comprlslnR 

hekln  JllvtT  to  the  mi 

river  on  the  east  to  1 

miles  Mcjuare.     Mineni 

by    the    late    "OlianoKi 

mountaltiH  alons:  the 

from  the  Rovernment 

in   1880.     As   he  refuse 

lines  so  as  to  »jc(!lu(i( 

boundary   and   runnln 

fact  that  this  strip  w 

then  thinly  settled  ter 

vation  was  thrown  oi 

lowed  one  another  in 

be  among  the  richest 

ore  as  in  the  size  of  i 

the  state  have  been 

ores,  then  it  was  tur 

the  oxidized  surface  « 

soon  replaced  the  fre< 

to  save  the  sulphuret 

Ing  the  last  year  gre 

have  been  discovered 

lowing  deeper  mining 

prospectors  were  too 

worliing  out  rich  pod 

block  out  large  bodh 

plants  for  reduction. 

Ing  results  that  it  is 

manence  and  value,  a 

The  center  of  the  < 

To  reach  It  from  S^a 

174  miles;  the  steamei 

Landing,  eighty-five  i 

the  beginning  of  Aug 

miles '  f I'Orh    Brewste 

Golden,  on  the  east  < 

from  Brewster  and  t 

the  confluence  of  the 

miles  lurther.    From 

Northern  to  Wenatch 

or  by  the  Central  W 

stagre  fifty  miles  to  Oi 

and  thence  by  the  sa 

Palmer  Mountain 

south  and  about  six 

cliffs  of  white  dolorr 

southern  slope,  exten 

this  Is  Intersected  b> 

tion  consists  of  slate 

noticeable   through    i 

dikes  of  wildly  cont 

black  slate  is  only  Y 

has  resisted  glacial 

tions.    On  the  easier 

centage  of  gold  in  cc 

slate  run   on   north 

which  are  the  Triun 

the  mountain,  in  th< 

grade  silver  ore,   as 

Ivanhoe,  Empire  am 

which  extend  on  th« 

overlook  Palmer  I^a 

mountain,  among  w! 

the  south   end   in   tli 

centape  of  silver,  on 

tral,  Grand  Summit 

southeast.      Iron  ca] 

Identical  formttion 

large  size  in  diorite 

through  Aeneas  Mot 

Palmer  Mountain  s^ 


Tl 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


fl 


PALMER    MOUNTAIN. 

ThiB  naire  is  Klvt'n  to  u  diHtrlct  of  Okanogan  county  directly  south  of  the 
boundary,  comprlHlnK  the  ureu  which  extends  southward  along  the  Slnla- 
hfkln  Itlver  to  the  mouth  of  Horse  Spring  Coulee,  and  from  the  Ckanogun 
river  on  the  east  to  Mount  (,'hapaca  on  the  west,  a  territory  abo'it  fifteen 
miles  square.  Mineral  was  first  discovered  there  nearly  thirty  j'ears  ago 
by  the  late  "Okanogan"  Smith,  who  made  a  number  of  locations  in  the 
mountains  along  the  Simllkaniecn  Itiver  and  claimed  heavy  compensation 
from  the  government  when  they  were  included  in  Chief  Moses'  reservation 
In  1880.  As  he  refused  the  sum  offered,  $2,';0,000,  the  government  drew  the 
lines  so  as  to  ejcc-lude  a  strip  extending  fifteen  miles  southv.ard  from  the 
boundary  and  running  across  the  whole  breadth  of  the  reservation.  The 
fact  that  this  strip  was  open  to  mineral  entry  did  not  become  known  in  the 
then  thinly  settled  territory,  and  prospectors  did  not  enter  it  until  the  reser- 
vation was  thrown  open  In  1886.  Then  it  was  that  mineral  disiioverles  fol- 
lowed one  another  In  rapid  succession,  and  this  remote  tract  was  found  to 
be  among  the  richest  In  the  United  States,  not  so  much  in  the  value  of  its 
ore  as  in  the  size  of  Its  ore  bodies,  though  some  of  the  richest  discoveries  In 
the  state  have  been  made  here.  At  first  attention  was  centered  on  silver 
ores,  then  It  was  turned  to  free  gold,  which  was  found  In  rich  pockets  in 
the  oxidized  surface  of  the  quartz  ledges.  As  depth  was  obtained,  base  ore. 
soon  replaced  the  free-milling  ore  ot  the  surface,  and  the  lack  of  equipment* 
to  save  the  sulphurets  brought  disaster  to  several  pioneer  enterprises.  Dur- 
ing the  last  year  great  bodies  of  Iron  and  copper  sulphides,  carrying  gold, 
have  been  discovered  and  have  shared  attention  with  the  good  results  fol- 
lowing deeper  mining  on  the  other  classes  of  ore.  The  earlier  miners  and 
prospectors  were  too  easily  contented  with  gophering  on  the  surface  and 
working  out  rich  pockets,  but  the  present  movement  Is  all  to  gain  depth  and 
block  out  large  bodies  of  ore  for  mining,  then  to  erect  carefully  designed 
plants  for  reduction.  This  new  movement  has  already  brought  such  gratify- 
ing results  that  It  Is  safe  to  pronounce  the  ore  bodies  to  be  of  assured  per- 
manence and  value,  and  the  destiny  of  the  district  to  be  beyond  question. 

The  center  of  the  district  is  Loomis,  at  the  south  end  of  Palmer  Mountain. 
To  reach  It  from  Seattle,  one  takes  the  Great  Northern  train  to  Wenuvchee, 
174  miles;  the  steamer  City  of  Ellensburg  up  the  Columbia  River  to  Brewster 
Lianding,  elghty-flve  miles,  or  during  high  water  from  the  middle  cf  May  to 
the  beginning  of  August,  to  Johnson  Creek,  130  miles;  and  the  stage  seventy 
miles'  fi'orti  Brewster,  or  twenty-eight  miles  from  Johnson  Creek.  For 
Golden,  on  the  east  of  Palmer  Mountain,  the  sUige  trip  is  eighty-two  miles 
from  Brewster  and  twenty-eight  miles  from  Johnson  Creek,  and  for  Oro,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Okanogan  and  Simllkameen  rivers,  the  distance  is  six 
miles  lurther.  From  Spokane  the  district  can  be  reached  either  by  the  ureal 
Northern  to  Wenatchee,  174  miles,  and  thence  by  the  route  already  described, 
or  by  the  Central  Washington  railroad  to  Coulee  City.  12r>  miles,  thence  by 
stage  fifty  miles  to  Orondo,  on  the  Columbia  river,  six  miles  above  Wenatchee, 
and  thence  by  the  same  route  as  from  Seattle. 

Palmer  Mountain  is  a  great,  broad  ridge,  ten  miles  long  from  north  to 
south  and  about  six  miles  across,  with  numerous  small  peaks  inarked  by 
cliffs  of  white  dolomite.  The  formation  of  the  mountain  Is  diorlte  on  the 
southern  slope,  extending  as  far  as  the  summit,  and  on  the  northern  portion 
this  Is  Intersected  by  dikes  of  black  slate  and  serpentine.  The  eastern  por- 
tion consistp  of  slate  capped  with  dolomite,  which  forms  high  v;hl'' 
noticeable  through  all  the  country  around,  while  further  east  are  lar^e 
dikes  of  wildly  contorted  dolomite  extending  to  the  Okanogan  Rivpr.  ine 
black  slate  Is  only  here  and  there  overlaid  with  dolomite,  where  the  latter 
has  resisted  glacial  action.  Minerals  have  been  found  in  all  these  forma- 
tions. On  the  eastern  slope  are  veins  of  silver-lead  ore  carrying  a  good  per- 
centage of  gold  in  contacts  of  dolomite  and  black  slate.  Through  the  biacK 
slate  run  on  north  and  south  lines  great  quartz  veins  carrying  gold  on 
Which  are  the  Triune.  Spokane  and  Wehe  groups.  On  the  northern  part  of 
the  mountain.  In  the  black  slate,  are  large,  prominent  ledges  ca"^»"«  "J?^ 
grade  silver  ore,  as  well  as  a  good  percentage  of  gold,  on  which  are  "le 
Ivanhoe.  Empire  and  Bullfrog.  In  the  serpentine  and  black  slate  contacts 
which  extend  on  the  northwest  side  to  Mount  EUemeham  and  o",  the  west 
overlook  Palmer  Lake  are  some  of  the  richest  gold-bearing  veins  on  the 
mountain,  among  which  are  the  Leadvllle  group  and  the  Bunker  HIU.  on 
the  south  end  In  the  diorlte  are  gold-bearing  veins  carrying  a  small  per- 
centage of  sliver,  on  which  are  the  Black  Pear.  War  Eagte,  Wisconsin^ Cen- 
tral, Grand  Summit  and  a  large  number  of  others,  coiirslng  northwest  and 
southeast.  Iron  caps  are  found  In  the  diorlte  identical  in  character  and  in 
Identical  formation  with  those  across  tlie  boundary,  and  they  also  occui  or 
large  size  In  diorlte  walls  In  the  syenltic  formation  to  tne  West  which  i^^^ 
through  Aeneas  Mountain,  Douglas  Mo.jntaln.  GoK1  HIU  and  Mount  Chapaca. 
Palmer  Mountain  shows  surface  disturbances  which  account  for  the  breaK- 


98 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


IriK  ovfT  of  Home  of  the  1p(1k«'».  for  iist  depth  In  atlalnnd  It  1b  found  thnt  thejr 
art'  pfrmiineiit  and  that  the  break-over  Ih  meroly  a  mirfaoe  d1«turhance. 
ThiH  Ih  proven  In  the  Hhick  Hear,  where  the  Kreatent  depth  has  heen  reaehed, 
and  nRrees  with  the  experlen<'e  at  the  Cariboo  mine  iit  Camp  McKinney,  B. 
('.,  whicli  Ih  on  the  Hanie  Keolotcleai  formation  and  sli  jwb  the  Biime  Hurface  di«- 
pUK't-nient.  TheHc  (ilHturl)anreH  oauHod  many  pronpectorH  to  think  their 
ledKeH  near  the  Hurface  hud  Kiven  out,  and  Hcared  away  POme  timid  inveatora 
who  were  Inexperienced  In  minlnK. 

Wiien  It  WHH  thrown  ojjen  to  entry,  iron  caps  were  found  ail  over  the 
OkanoRan  eountry,  but  tiie  Kreat  wealth  of  mineral  which  they  conoeal  had 
not  then  been  made  known,  and  as  the  surface  ore  Rave  such  low  values 
that  It  would  not  pay  to  shi!)  in  a  country  where  lonR  wuRon  hauls  shut  out 
all  but  the  hlKhewt  Rrade  ores,  they  were  passed  over  or  abandoned  after  a 
little  work  hn(l  been  done.  'Ihe  prospectors  turned  their  attention  to  the 
frce-mlllluK  (luartz  and  bluh  KfiiJe  silver,  and  soon  found  enouRh  to  occupy 
them. 

The  first  strike  which  attracted  notice  was  the  Jessie,  on  the  east  side 
of  the  rldg-e,  near  the  summit,  by  C.  H.  Schepstur,  William  M.  Townsrind  and 
Charles  Cole,  and  now  owned  by  Mr.  Townsend  and  Adell^ert  Hart.  Here 
they  found  a  four-foot  ledRe  of  hlKh  prade  ore,  havinjc  on  the  surface  a  Kreat 
quantity  of  decomposed  (piartz  carryinR  free  roUI.  The  owners  pounded  U5> 
some  of  tills  rock  in  a  hand  mortar,  panned  out  the  sand  and  melted  down 
quite  an  amount  of  i)ullion.  'I'hey  ran  a  fifty-foot  tunnel  on  hbrh  Kra<ie  ore 
all  the  way.  A  number  of  similar  discoveries  followed,  and  then  came  the 
Krent  sIlvcr-bearlnK  led^e  of  the  Ivanhoe  proup.  It  is  only  wi; hin  tht-  Last 
year  that  the  ledges  of  sulphide  ore  capped  with  iron  have  received  the  atten- 
tion which  development  has  proved  they  well  merit, 

•  The  first  property  to  attract  general  attention  was  the  Bla<'k  Bear  and 
War  Eagle  group  of  five  claims  on  the  south  end  nf  Palmer  Mountain,  now^ 
owned  by  B.  J.  N.  Hal«  and  others,  of  Spokane.  They  have  several  parallel 
ledges,  oxidized  on  the  surface  so  as  to  free  the  f,ola,  but  growlnK  base  at 
depth.  A  shaft  was  sunk  190  feet  on  one  ledge  and  cross-cut-:  were  run  at  the 
100-foot  level  to  two  other  ledges,  all  being  two  to  four  feet  wide  and  assaying 
$28  gold  and  upwards.  Drifts  were  run  each  way  on  each  ledge  on  this  level 
and  also  on  the  IfiO-foot  level,  showing  pay  ore  of  Increasing  size  and  value. 
On  another  ledge  a  shaft  is  down  100  feet  and  a  tunnel  In  l.V)  feet,  showing 
twenty-four  inches  of  good  ore  between  strong  walls.  A  five-stamp  mill  was 
erected  at  Loomiston,  and  In  five  months'  run  in  1892  produced  $li;{,tK)0  in  gold, 
but  it  was  badly  managed,  and,  having  no  concentrators,  sent  all  the  suiphu- 
rets  away  in  the  tailings,  from  which  one  assayer  says  he  has  taken  an  assay 
of  J4.'?.fi0  gold  and  another  J12.04  c.^ld  and  thirty-six  ounces  silver.  In  1855 
O.  S.  Stocker  and  others  did  the  at  ^leBsment  work  in  return  for  what  ore 
they  could  take  out  in  doing  so  .ml  -nlU.  After  repairing  the  dilapidated 
plant,  they  milled  forty-five  icnf  wad  cleared  a  nice  profit. 

The  depth  attained  on  this  grt-ap  .a  far  proved  the  permanence  and  value 
of  the  ore  bodies  as  to  encourf'i'.  i*  i  enterprise  which  will  In  a  year  or  two 
prove  these  facts  beyond  dlsjp'iu>.  This  Is  the  great  main  cross-cut  tunnel 
which  is  being  driven  into  the  bowels  of  the  mountain  from  its  south  end  by 
the  Palmer  Mountain  Gold  Mining  &  Tunnel  Company.  The  company  haa 
acquired  twenty-seven  claims  in  a  solid  block,  on  which  are  sixteen  known 
true  fissure  ledges,  parallel  or  nearly  so,  and  carrying  gold,  both  free  and  in 
sulphurets  of  iron  and  copper.  The  company  is  driving  a  tunnel  seven  feet 
high  and  eight  feet  wide,  with  double  tracks  and  steel  cars,  from  a  point  one 
mile  from  Loomis  and  120  feet  above  that  town,  with  the  intention  of  cut- 
ting all  these  ledges  at  a  continually  increasing  depth  until  the  furthest  la. 
tapped  at  a  depth  of  1,200  feet  at  a  distance  of  3.600  feet  from  the  portal. 
It  is  also  expected  that  many  blind  ledges  will  be  cut,  as  geologists  eatlmEte 
that  only  a  small  proportion  of  mineral  ledges  crop  on  the  surface.  Th's 
expectation  was  confirmed  by  the  tapping  of  two  such  ledges  of  flne-lookiiit'' 
ore  in  the  first  150  feet  of  work.  The  tunnel  has  at  this  writing  penetrated 
250  feet  and  its  face  is  a  mass  of  pyritic  ore,  carrying  veins  of  white  quartz 
running  with  the  tunnel,  an  indication  of  the  proximity  of  a  rich  gold-bearlng^ 
ledge. 

Mining  is  at  present  being  prosecuted  with  hand  drills,  but  the  company 
will,  when  weather  permits,  construct  a  flume  from  Toats  Coulee  Creek,  one 
mile  west  of  the  portal,  and  thereby  conduct  water  from  that  stream  which 
will  develop  1,100  horse-power.  This  will  suffice  to  generate  electric  power 
for  a  compressed  air  drill  plant,  tramways  and  reduction  plants,  aa  well  as 
to  other  adjoining  mining  properties. 

The  ledges  In  this  group  contain  free  gold,  auriferous  Bulphides,  usually 
pyrite,  small  quantities  of  galena  and  silver.  It  is  proposed  to  erect  a  plant 
at  the  mine  for  the  reduction  of  these  cres  by  modern  methodic  and  ihus 
dispense  with  the  necessity  of  shipping  anything  but  bullion. 

A  kindred  enterprise  of  almost  equal  magnitude  has  been  undertaken  by 
the  Whiskey  Hill  Tunnel  and  Mining  Company  on  the  east  slope  of  Whiskey 
Hill,  a  continuation  of  Palmer  Mountain,  about  eight  miles  to  the  northeast 
of  Loomis  and  one  mile  west  of  the  Okanogan  River.  This  companv  ^^wns 
twenty-one  claims  on  which  are  nine  well-defined  ledges  running  j'^irly 
parallel  in  a  generally  northeast  and  southwest  course.   -It  will  run  a  crodS- 


MINING    IN.  THE    PACIFIC    NORTH WKST. 


9» 


cut  turin*  1,  I'iKht  feet  wide  and  seven  toet  hlxh,  3,200  feet  Into  the  niountiiln, 
tapping"  the  Kioiip  at  a  maximum  depth  of  900  feet.  ConBldcrable  prospecting 
work  has  luen  done  on  the  different  ledgeB.  Or  one  a  shaft  Ib  down  elshty 
feet  and  a  »!xticn-foot  cross-cut  at  the  bottom  has  not  found  either  wall. 
The  IfdRp  matter  is  whlH>  quartzlte,  heavily  Impregnated  with  Iron  and  lime, 
and  In  places  carrying  some  galena,  and  ihe  ore  assays  $37  gold  and  57.20 
stiver.  The  company  expects  to  strike  many  blind  ledges,  and  from  ihe 
fact  that  quartz  encuiuntored  In  facing  up  the  tunnel  site  assayed  $12.76  gold, 
It  is  believed  that  Whiskey  Hill  contains  great  masses  of  rock  which  will 
pay  to  mill.  A  gravity  tramway  one  mile  long  will  convey  ore  or  concen- 
trates to  tho  Okanogan  Ktver,  where  It  can  bo  transported  by  boat  four 
months  In  the  year  and,  whenever  the  government  removes  the  obstructions 
from  this  river.  It  can  be  navigated  all  tho  year  round  except  during  mid- 
winter. The  preliminary  work  is  now  In  progress  and  the  driving  of  the 
tunnel  will  begin  very  shortly. 

The  greiitj'St  depth  so  far  attained  Is  on  the  Ivanhoe  group  of  four  claims 
by  the  Ivanhoe  Company,  and  the  work  done  has  been  amply  repaid  by 
results.  Whore  iiscovered,  the  ledge  was  almost  flat  on  the  summit  of 
Palmer  Mountain  and  the  surface  soil  was  stripped  off  It  with  a  plow  and 
fcraper  by  A.  C.  Cowherd,  the  original  owner.  This  exposed  In  an  area 
of  175x50  feet  a  ledge  twenty  inches  to  four  feet  thick,  carrying  brittle,  ruby, 
mallealile  and  native  silver  and  considerable  free  gold.  From  this  cui  anout 
l.OOfl  tons  of  ore  was  taken  and  shipments  of  sorted  ore  were  made  with  the 
following  results  per  ton:  6,899  pounds,  1.62  ounces  gold,  572  ounces  silver; 
13  521  pounds,  I  ounce  gold,  278  ounces  silver;  26,500  pounds,  1  ounce  gold, 
326  ounces  sliver.  Several  thousand  tons  of  low-grade  ore  remaining,  a  ten- 
ton  rnlll  with  Dodge  pulverizer,  amalgamating  plates,  concentrator  and  sllme 
tables  was  erected  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  and  considerable  ore  was 
reduced.  But  the  plant  was  not  adapted  to  the  ore,  which  needed  more 
skljful  treatment,  and  Is  to  be  replaced  by  a  more  modern  mill  this  season. 
Purlng  the  last  year  the  Incline  shaft,  already  started,  has  been  sunk  to  a 
depth  of  BOO  ff  f>t,  showing  the  ledge  seven  feet  wide  and  very  strong,  with 
three  and  one-half  feet  of  pay  ore,  which  In  places  's  phenomenally  rich, 
one  assay  runiih.g  over  9,000  ounces  silver  and  3  ounces  gold,  and  the  pay 
orf!  generally  running  from  500  to  1,000  ounces  silver.  A  drift  had  already 
been  run  seventy  feet  at  the  120-foot  level,  showing  the  ledge  six  and  one-half 
feet  wide,  and  others  have  been  run  forty-flve  feet  each  way,  all  In  ore  and 
showing  an  increased  width.  Much  of  this  ore  was  so  rich  In  native  sliver 
that  it  was  sacked  in  the  mine.  There  are  over  2,000  tons  of  shipping  ore 
on  the  dump,  besides  a  large  quantity  In  sacks,  awaiting  the  opening  of 
navigation  for  transportation  to  the  smelter. 

The  only  regular  producer  of  bullion  In  the  district  at  present  is  the 
Triune  mire,  which  is  equipped  with  a  ten-stamp  mill  and  four  Frue  vannei., 
operated  by  steam.  This  ledge  has  also  broken  over  to  the  west  and  at  this 
point  carries  much  free  gold,  though  sulphides  are  also  mingled  with  it. 
Shnf^ts  were  first  sunk  thirty-six  and  nineteen  feet,  the  first  showing  no 
walls  and  the  second  not  cutting  the  ledge.  A  tunnel  was  then  run  125  feet 
on  the  blanket,  only  ten  to  twenty  feet  below  the  surface,  and  the  ore  anove 
was  stoped  out  and  milled.  The  mill  then,  however  had  no  concentrators, 
and  more  than  half  the  value,  being  In  sulphurets,  was  lost  in  the  tailings. 
It  was  in  1895  that  the  mine  was  properly  equipped  and  tht  mill  put  unaer 
skilled  management  by  the  Triune  Gold  Mining  Company,  which  then 
acquired  th"  property.  It  has  since  run  a  cross-cut  165  feet,  which  cuts  the 
ledje  at  an  acute  angle  and  taps  the  thirty-six  foot  shaft  and  has  cut  a 
feeder  three  feet  wide.  Drifts  have  been  run  on  the  main  ledge,  above  which 
the  ore  was  stoped.  An  open  cut  has  also  been  made  on  the  blanket,  from 
which  forty-four  tons  of  ore  were  milled  •  leldlng  $450  free  gold,  besides 
concentrates.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  2?5  feet,  tapping  the  ledge  at  a  depth 
of  eight  feet  higher  up  the  mountain,  following  the  blanket  In  that  direction. 
In  order  to  trace  the  solid  formation  down  into  the  mountain  below  the 
break-over,  a  shaft  has  been  sunk  150  feet,  which  showed  it  to  straighten 
up  ond  followed  down  a  number , of  stringers  carrying  $68  gold,  12  ounces 
silver  until  they  united  in  six  f^et  of  solid  ore.  To  the  south  of  the  mill 
Is  a  cropping  of  rose  quartz  twenty  feet  high  and  thirty  feet  wide,  averaging 
$1  Kold  according  to  a  mill  run.  The  inill  In  1896  produced  about  $40,000  In 
bullion 'and  after  a  suspension  in  November,  enforced  by  frost,  was  started 
on  February  1  and  is  now  making  a  large  monthly  product  of  bullion. 

Adjoining  the  Triune  on  the  south  is  the  Spokane  group  of  three  claims, 
owned  bv  J.  Barnett  Mcliaren,  of  Vancouver,  B  C.,  who  has  a  ten-stamp 
mill  on  the  shore  of  Wannicut  Lake,  a  mile  distant  from  the  mine.  A  tunnel 
has  been  run  ninety  feet  on  a  three-foot  ledge,  with  a  drift  sixty  feet  south, 
a  third  sixty  feet  from  the  first,  and  a  fourth  connecting  the  first  and  third. 
A  thirty-four  foot  winze  has  been  sunk  at  the  face  of  the  ninety- foot  drift 
and  from  it  some  of  the  richest  ore  in  the^tnlne  ha^  been  taken.  A  forty- 
foot  tunnel  has  been  run  on  a  twelve-Inch  stringer  500  feet  further  south  and 
a  twentv-foot  shaft  is  down  on  a  four-foot  ledge  carrying  galena  which 
assjays  20  ounces  silver,  $6  gold,  The  mill  was  run  for  six  tnonths  in  1893  on 
ore  often  carrying  $100  goldj.  but  much  of  the  value  was  in  sulphurets.  to  save 


100 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIl'IC    NORTHWEST. 


which  concentrators  were  needed,   and   financial  troubles   followed   during 
which  work  has  been  suspended.  ,     ,       ,   ,  ,  ;■ 

Adjoining  the  Spokane  is  the  Standard  group  of  six  claims,  also  ownea 
by  Mr.  McLaren,  on  three  parallel  ledges.  One  of  these  is  tapped  by  a 
130-foot  cross-cut  and  averages  four  feet  wide,  carrying  about  $4  gold.  On 
another  a  forty-foot  shaft  shows  eight  inches  of  $6  ore,  and  the  third  makes 
a  similar  showing  in  a  thirty-foot  tunnel.  ,       ,   ,„  ^  ^  ,   .    - 

Among  the  well-developed  properties  is  the  Leadvllle  group  of  four  claims 
and  two  fractions  on  a  series  of  parallel  ledges,  owned  by  John  Judge.  On 
one  of  these,  five  to  six  feet  wide,  an  elghty-flve  foot  shaft  showed  a  twenty- 
four  inch  pay  streak  to  often  widen  to  six  feet.  A  tunnel  ha3  been  run  333 
feet  at  a  point  155  feet  below  and  has  been  connected  with  the  shaft  by  an 
upraise.  This  gives  a  large  body  of  ore  in  sight,  which  averages  |20  gold, 
though  pockets  of  free  gold  have  run  as  high  as  $5,000.  Another  ledge  18 
shown  to  be  ten  feet  wide  by  an  open  cut  and  has  a  pay  streak  assaying 
$20  gold,  on  which  a  shaft  is  being  sunk.  The  third  ledge,  five  feet  wide,  1» 
shown  up  by  a  forty-foot  shaft  and  has  a  pay  streak  from  the  croppinga 
of  which  free  gold  can  be  taken  and  which  assays  $100. 

One  of  the  richest  discoveries  on  Palmer  Mountain  was  the  Grand  Summit, 
which  was  located  directly  on  the  summit  by  John  Enright  and  William 
Tow)  ?,  The  ledge  is  two  to  three  feet  wide  and  had  a  rich  pocket  near  the 
surface  which  assayed  $39,000  a  ton  gold.  A  tunnel  is  in  tlfty  feet  on  the 
ledge  and  a  shaft  is  down  forty  feet,  showing  good  average  ore,  of  whlcl 
fifty  tons  milled  at  the  Ivanhoe  and  Black  Bear  mills,  avoraged  $20  gold. 

Another  fine  showing  has  been  made  by  John  Malnwaring  and  Stephen 
Naggy  on  the  Gladstone  group  of  three  claims,  through  which  run  four  par- 
allel ledges,  eighteen,  fourteen,  twelve  and  thirteen  feet  wide,  bet'. -'en  walls 
of  dlorite  -^nd  porphyry.  About  500  feet  of  tunnel  and  drifting  has  been  done, 
one  tunnel  running  300  feet  on  one  ledge,  which  could  be  tapped  at  great 
depth  from  the  base  of  the  mountain. 

On  the  summit  of  the  mountain  east  of  the  Triune  Is  the  Bullfrog  group 
of  eight  claims,  bonded  by  Mrs.  Adelbert  Hart  and  Mr.  J.  Deu'  to  Mr. 
Stevens,  of  La  Grande,  Or.  Through  them  a  seven-j-'oot  ledge  has  ijeen 
traced  3,000  feet  along  the  apex  of  the  mountain  and  a  tunnel  has  been  run 
160  feet  to  cut  the  lead,  and  is  now  in  ore,  while  two  shafts  forty  and  thirty- 
six  feet  have  been  sunk  on  the  lead.  A  shipment  of  4,600  pounds  returned 
about  $150  a  ton  in  gold  and  silver,  and  twenty  assays  averaged  $160  gold  and 
silver.     Work  is  being  pushed  on  the  tunnel  and  shipment  continues. 

To  the  east  of  the  Bullfrog  is  the  Bellevue  group  of  foi'r  claims,  on  which 
T?o<"y  Brothers,  of  Pittsburg,  have  done  over  250  feet  of  development  work, 
showing  a  high  grade  of  gold  and  silver  sulphuret  ore  and  considerable 
telluride.  .Several  tons  shipped  to  the  smelter  have  netted  over  $100  per  ton, 
while  some  of  the  ore  bodies  have  assayed  $400  to  $500  per  ton. 

On  the  Ninety-two,  between  the  Ivanhoe  and  Grand  Summit,  William 
Deuel  and  William  James  have  driven  a  tunnel  160  feet,  showing  three  feet 
of  free  milling  ore  which  assays  $12  to  $15  gold. 

One  of  the  noted  properties  is  the  Rainbow  group  of  ten  claims,  which 
after  many  changes  has  come  into  the  possession  of  the  Anglo-American 
Gold  Mining  and  Milling  Company.  It  was  bonded  in  1892  by  H.  A.  Noble 
and  others,  of  Seattle,  who  erected  a  ten  stamp  mill  without  concentrators, 
but  through  lack  of  skilled  management  failed  to  extract  the  value  from 
the  ore  and  abandoned  the  property,  selling  the  mill.  The  main  ledge  Is 
shown  four  feet  wide  in  a  tunnel  IHfv  feet  long,  from  which  a  winze  was 
sunk  sixty-flve  feet  and  a  cross-cut  I'as  been  run  312  feet,  taoplng  the  ledge 
128  feet  below  the  surface.  From  thrse  workings  there  are  from  400  to  500 
tons  of  ore  on  the  dump,  and  asnays  range  from  $5.61  to  $323.94.  On  another 
claim  a  316-foot  cross-cut  taps  the  !' d^e  at  a  depth  of  110  feet,  showing  It 
two  to  four  feet  wide,  and  a  sixty-fort  tunnel  above  is  all  in  ore.  Shafts 
eighty  and  tea  feet  deep  and  a  thlrtv-foot  «p<n  cut  are  said  to  define  an 
ore  chute  180  feet  long.  Assays  from  this  ledge  ran  In  gold,  $4.72.  $295.84.  $270.21. 
On  a  third  ledge  shafts  are  down  thirty  and  thirty-five  feet,  showing  two  to 
three  feet  wide  of  ore  carrying  $25  In  free  gold  and  sulphurets.  The  six 
remaining  claims  are  undevelojed.  Th*"  company  proposi  s  to  erect  a  ten- 
stamp  mill  this  summer  and,  if  conci  ntrators  are  added  and  skilled  men  are 
employed,  may  be  expected  to  make  it  profitable. 

Adjoli'ing  the  Rainbow  S.  J.  Sincock  has  the  Lancashire  T^ass  group  of 
four  claims,  on  extensions  of  two  of  tlosi'  on  thf  Rainbow  and  on  a  cross 
ledge,  running  east  and  west.  <  On  the  latter  a  forty-two  foot  sh.ift  shows 
three  feet  of  ore  assaying  $2">  gold.  An  eighteen-fcot  shaft  shows  a  number 
of  streaks  of  ore  running  ijito  another  ledge.  Another  ledge  has  a  body  of 
Iron  pyrites  exposed  by  an  open  cut  thirty  feet  long  and  six  feet  wide,  with 
no  walls  in  sight. 

Up  the  mountain  fi^m  this  group  is  the  Contention  group  of  five  dalmd, 
owned  by  Mosher  &  McL.  -,4ld,  of  Seattle,  on  two  ledges  crossing  one  another. 
A  ninety-five  foot  shaft  s^nows  thret;  feet  of  free  ninilng  ore.  on  "vhlch  a 
drift  has  been  run  at  the  flfty-foot  level,  another  drift  at  the  bottom  being 
headed  for  the  junction  of  the  two  ledges. 

A  mile  north  Is  the  Chicago  group  of  four  claims,  which  J.  F.  Jordan  is 
developing.     A  sixty-foot  cross-cut  has  tupped  a  body  of  sulphide  ore  carry- 


-MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


101 


Ing  gold  and  silver,  the  cropplngs  of  which  have  been  traced  for  half  a  mile. 
A  thirteen-foot  shaft  on  this  ledge  shows  ore  assaying  $16.40  silver,  $3.60 
lead,  $64  gold.  A  tunnel  shows  another  deposit  of  sulphide  ore  and  a  twenty- 
foot  shaft  shows  a  twenty-four  inch  stringer,  and  another  three-foot  ledge 
Is  opened  by  a  twenty-foot  shaft  and  several  open  cuts.  Further  south  on 
the  mountain  Mr.  Jordan  has  the  Oro  Fino,  on  which  a  thirty-five  foot 
U  oMned  shaft  shows  a  five-foot  ledge  carrying  gold,  silver  and  platinum  to 
the  value  of  $22.75. 

The  Wehe  brothers  have  a  group  of  fourteen  claims  on  the  east  slope 
of  the  mountain,  some  of  which  carry  rich  ore.  A  shaft  forty-five  feet  deep 
Bhows  one  ledge  four  feet  wide  with  two  feet  of  steel  galena  ore  assaying 
50  to  200  ounces  silver  and  1  to  2  ounces  gold.  A  twenty-foot  tunnel  has 
shown  six  to  eight  inches  of  galena  in  another  ledge.  Shafts  twenty-five 
and  twenty  feet  deep  show  another  ledge  of  three  to  four  feet  carrying  galena, 
with  free  gold  on  the  surface,  assays  running  $6,  $37  and  $120  gold  and  silver, 
while  bunches  of  tellurlde  ore  of  course  run  much  higher.  Another  ledge 
forty  feet  wide,  with  three  to  four  feet  of  pay  ore,  i?  shown  up  by  a  forty- 
foot  cut  and  a  tunnel  of  the  same  length.  A  forty-five  foot  shaft  snows 
six  fec-t  of  ledge  matter  on  another  claim,  with  only  one  wall  found.  A 
twenty-foot  shaft  shows  another  ledge  carrying  galena  five  feet  wide,  and 
a  fifteen-foot  cut  shows  another  eight  feet  wid^,  of  which  the  pay  streak 
carries  $30  gold.  On  the  Uncle  Sam,  a  little  to  vhe  south,  Andrew  O'Malley 
has  run  a  cross-cut  eighty  feet  to  tap  a  small  ledge  carrying  galena.  In 
which  a  twenty-five  foot  shaft  has  shown  ore  assaying  $4  gold,  $41  silver 
and  15  per  cent.  lead. 

On  the  north  end  of  the  mountain,  half  a  mile  east  of  Patoier  Lake,  la  the 
Empire  group  o'  four  claims,  owned  by  the  Empire  Mining  Company.  A 
shaft  eighty  fc^t  shows  a  ledge  three  feet  and  a  tunnel  sixty-eight  feet 
shows  it  six  feet  wide.  The  ore  carries  iron  and  coppe:  pyrites  and  galena 
and  is  free  milling  and  concentrating,  averaging  $22  gold.  A  smaller  vein 
runs  $160  gold  and  300  ounces  silver  and  shows  native  silver  and  free  gold 
on  the  cropplngs. 

Attention  has  recently  been  fastened  on  the  deposits  of  sulphide  ore, 
which  the  earlier  prospectors  passed  over  as  worthless,  on  account  of  their 
low  surface  values.  The  first  rediscovery  of  this  kind  was  on  the  Copper 
World  group  of  four  claims  on  the  summit,  south  of  the  Ivanhoe,  which 
John  Wentworth  and  William  Riley  are  now  developing.  The  main  ledge 
has  been  traced  for  over  a  mi'e  and  is  shown  to  be  at  least  twenty-five  feet 
wide  by  a  surface  cross-cut,  the  surface  ore  assaying  $5  gold,  $2.50  silver, 
33  per  cent,  copper.  A  phaft  has  been  sunk  fifty  feet  on  the  hanging  wall 
and  drifting  has  so  far  not  reached  the  footwall,  this  work  all  showmg 
chalcopyrlte  and  Iron  pyrites.  On  the  extension  of  this  ledge  John  Went- 
worth and  B.  W.  PembeT  have  the  Copper  King,  showing  eight  to  ten  feet 
of  ore,  which  would  be  '.uf  by  an  extension  of  the  preat  tunnel. 

Adjolnipg  tho  Copper  World  Thomas  Brown  and  William  Riley  have  the 
Ben  Butler  group  of  three  claims  on  a  ledge  which  Is  widening  from  fifteen 
inches  In  a  twenty-fcot  shaft  and  carries  gold  and  copper,  a  surface  assay 
showing  $7.80  gold. 

Another  great  showing  of  sluphide  ore  has  been  made  on  ..he  Kalamazoo 
group,  at  the  base  of  tho  mountain,  two  miles  from  Loomis,  by  Messrs. 
Harris  and  Boyd.  After  running  an  open  cut  thirty  feet  through  cement 
gravel,  they  cut  two  feet  of  white  quartz,  heavily  charged  with  Iron  and 
Lopper  sulphides  and  native  copper.  They  then  sank  on  it  and  defined  it  to 
be  at  least  fifty  feet  wide,  of  increasing  value. 

Another  discovery  of  the  same  nature  was  made  last  October,  one  mile 
north  of  the  Ivanhoe,  by  George  King  and  P.  H.  Pinkston,  who  have  taken 
tho  Ironmaster  and  an  extension.  The  ledge  has  an  iron  capping  from  20  to 
250  feet  wide  at  various  points  and  the  cropplngs  show  iron  .-•ulphldes  and 
a  little  copper,  aesaying  $6.19  and  $4.19  gold  and  silver  from  two  samples. 

On  the  Defiance,  on  the  south  slope,  the  ffiverett  Mining  Company  has 
sunk  112  feet  on  a  three-foot  ledge  of  free  milling  ore,  and  at  the  ninety-seven 
foot  level  has  drifted  forty  feet  south  an;'  forty-two  feet  north.  Near  this 
J.  M.  Sparkman,  Lotka  &  Allen  and  J.  H.  Sexton  havo  tunneled  eighty-three 
feet  on  a  twelve-Inch  vein  carrying  $10  gold  and  some  copper  in  pyrites,  on 
which  they  have  the  Baltimore  grouj,  of  threo  clilras.  In  the  same  vicinity 
George  Paskel  and  the  estate  of  John  M.  Hoi  have  the  Combination  on  a 
Bixteen-foot  ledge  of  Siilphide  ore  canyir.g  $12  gold  and  5  ounces  silver,  which 
will  be  cross-cut  at  a  denth  of  175  feet  by  a  t-n-iel  now  in  200  feet.  A  twenty- 
Inch  stringer  has  already  been  cut  by  the  tunnel.  ,       ^     .. 

Since  the  death  of  Okanogan  Smith,  all  his  claims  along  the  Slmll- 
kameen  have  come  Into  now  hands.  On  the  San  Francisco  group  of  three 
Frank  Orogan  has  run  a  tunnel  sixty  feet  on  a  six-foot  ledge  of  galena 
carrying  a  little  gold.  On  another  lodge  of  galena  eight  or  nine  feet 
wide  John  McDonald  has  timneled  100  feet  and  sunk  ninety  feet.  Two  milea 
below  th!8  la  the  Cabba,  another  of  the  Smt<^h  c'.rJras,  on  a  twelve-foot  ledge 
well  mineralized  with  galena,  on  wMJn  a  shaft  is  down  100  feet.  On  the 
Julia,  on  the  north  slope  of  Mount  Ellemeham.  Allan  Roiste  and  Guy  Fruit 
have  sunk  eighty  feet  on  a  six-foot  ledge  of  sulphide  ore  with  a  little  gai-na, 
four  feet  of  which  carries  $60  gold,  112  ounces  silver. 


102 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Tho  mopt  work  on  the  Slmllkamoen  has  been  done  by  the  Wyandotte 
Alining,  Milling  and  Smelting  Company  on  the  Wyandotte  grou'j  of  six 
olatma  and  two  millsltes,  running  up  the  mountain  from  the  left  ba.ik  of  the 
river,  three  miles  south  of  the  boundary.  Near  the  summit  of  the  mountain 
i«  a  blanket  ledge  of  free  milling  ore  carrying  $20  gold  and  $10  silver,  twenty- 
live  to  thirty  inches  wide,  between  granite  walls.  An  inclined  tunnel  was 
first  run  on  the  ledge  and  a  few  tons  of  the  ore  crushed  in  an  arra&tre.  From. 
a  shipment  of  one  ton  was  rf alized  $50  above  freight  and  treatment  charges. 
Most  of  the  work  was  done  further  down  the  mountain.  The  rir?t  ledge 
struck  was  iron  pyrites  between  walls  of  porphyry  and  cryi^callized  t:late, 
running  !0  degrees  east  of  north  and  west  of  south,  almost  straight  up  and 
down  the  mountain.  At  the  surface  it  is  six  feet  wide,  but  in  an  inclinea 
tunnel  it  widened  to  fifteen  feet  in  150  feet.  At  this  point  a  stone  was  madi 
to  get  the  tunnel  level,  and  then  it  was  turned  westward  to  develop  the  leiis:. 
Near  the  surface  this  tunnel  cut  a  blanket  ledge  of  white  quartz  tvc  f  ,6« 
thick  carrying  free  gold,  whioh  cut  across  the  pyritiiS  ledge,  and  eight'  -  ~*. 
higher  up"  the  mountain  Is  another  blanket  ledge  c.ipplng  45  degrees  i;  ;.r 
east,  on  which  a  tunnel  has  been  run  400  feet.  The  pyrites  ledge  is  co  i  ed 
black  with  graphite  and  carries  $8  gold,  but  no  silver,  while  the  lower  bla.ikfct 
ledge  runs  $15  to  $20  gold  in  the  discovery  shaft,  changed  to  80  ounces  sliver 
in  the  course  of  the  tunnel  and  afterward  back  to  the  original  gold  value. 
On  a  parallel  ledge  of  about  the  same  size  and  character  is  a  tunnel  twenty- 
live  feet.  Another  parallel  ledge  between  granite  walls  widened  in  a  fifteen- 
foot  inclined  shaft  from  ten  inches  to  two  feet,  and  increased  in  value  from 
SO  ounces  silver  and  no  gold  on  the  surface  to  1  ounce  gold  and  a  trace  of 
silver  in  the  first  ftve  feet,  the  gold  value  continuing  to  increase  with  depth. 

The  company  last 'summer  erected  a  cyanide  plant  of  100  tons'  daily 
capacity,  undjer  the  direction  of  Dr.  Paul  Langhammer.  It  is  operated  by 
a  sixty-horsepower  engine  .nnd  has  an  electric  plant  to  furnish  200  lights. 
The  ore  will  be  brought  to  the  crushers  by  a  400-foot  cable  tramway,  and  a 
cable  ferry  transports  supplies  across  the  river,  thus  shortening  the  distance 
to  Loomis  to  ten  milts.  The  plant  •'.vill  be  put  in  operation  this  spring  and 
meanwhile  development  Is  being  pushed  to  prepare  large  bodies  of  ore  for 
treatment. 

The  Wyandotte  group  is  adjoined  on  the  south  by  the  Mammoth  group 
of  three  claims,  on  which  the  Mammoth  Mining  Company  has  sunk  thirty 
feet,  showing  an  eight-foot  ledge  carrying  pyrites  which  assays  $36  to  $18 
gold.  On  the  Pennsylvania  J.  E.  I.,ongacre,  W.  E.  Meek  and  J.  A.  Meek 
have  a  blanket  ledge  twenty-eight  inches  wide,  carryi.ig  $42  silver  and  a 
trace  of  gold,  a  twentj'-five  foot  tunnel  showing  It  to  turn  into  the  mountain. 
On  the  summit  of  the  mountain  they  also  have  the  Juanita  on  eighteen  inches 
of  ore  assaying  $32  gold,  $2  silver. 

Following  down  the  left  bank  of  the  Similkameen,  one  comes  next  to  the 
Curlew  group  of  five  claims,  whtch  Otto  Hausing.  Theodore  Wilken  and 
Joseph  liinton  have  taken  on  three  parallel  ledges  of  gold-bearing  quartz, 
each  two  to  three  feet  wide  on  the  surface  between  granite  walls.  Assays 
from  the  surface  give  $40  to  $80  gold  and  a  little  sliver,  but  one  ledge  carrf-^ 
galena  and  another  a  streak  of  high-grade  brittle  silver.  Next  below  these 
are  the  three  Rlverview  claims,  on  which  Mosher  &  McDonald,  of  Seattle 
have  sunk  100  feet  on  a  four-foot  ledge  of  low-grade  ore.  ' 

.  Across  the  river,  on  Mount  Ellemeham,  Stephen  Cloud,  William  Bou- 
chard, C.  J.  Sadcnwater  and  others,  of  Michigan  City,  Indiana,  have  th» 
Hoosler  group  of  three  clnhns  on  a  ledge  forty-seven  feet  wide,  which  they 
have  traced  from  base  to  summit  of  the  mountain. 

On  Kruger  Mountain,  which  overlooks  Oro  f  om  the  north  and  Is  crossed 
by  the  boundary,  .ire  ten  or  twelve  parallel  Iridges  running  east  and  west 
carrying  iron  and  copper  sulphides,  the  country  rock  being  hornblendic  diorite 
with  dikes  of  schist  and  granite.     The  first  locations  were  the  Allison  grouts 
of  five  claims,  nov  owned  by  Dr.  Langhammer,  who  is  developing  them  and 
has  secured  the  power  of  Similkameen  Falls  to  operate  an  electric   plant 
which  he  proposes  to  install,  both  to  run  a  100-ton  cyanide  plant  and  to  light 
t:.e  town  of  Oro.     A  good  body  of  gold-bearing  sulphide  ore  has  been  shown 
up  in  a  sixty-foot  shaft,  the  average  value  being  $45  In  gold  with  no  silver 
There  are  four  veins,  two  five  feet  and  two  four  feet  wiCo.  v>^!ch  are  beinff 
opened  by  a  200-foot  tunnel  192  feet  below  the  i    rfa''?.  ' 

The  Mammoth  Mining  Company  has  the  Black  Y  'niur  or;  "  "«  mountain 
on  two  parallel  ledges,  each  fi\e  and  one-half  feet  wide,  "'if  '  rylng  Iron 
and  copper  pyrites,  the  other  carrying  galena.  On-  ledste  is  uimost  flat  and 
the  hanging  wall  appears  to  have  been  carried  away  by  gidcicrs  three  shafts 
having  been  sunk  on  it.  The  galena  ledge  assays  $60  gold  and  silver  and 
20  per  cent,  lead,  the  pyrites  ledge  $53  gold,  220  ounces  sMver. 

Joseph  Bertrand  has,  on  the  Warsaw,  a  six-foot  ledge  of  free  mlUInfr  ore 
carrying  $18  gold,  20  ounces  silver,  on  which  he  has  sunk  an  Inclined  shaft 
Blxty-flve  feet  and  which  he  has  traced  600  feet.  mcunea  snart 

On  the  British  side  of  tho  mountain  the  fl.'st  discovery  was  the  Gold  DuHt 
by  George  A.  Engel  and  W.  F,  Keller,  who  have  two  claims  on  four  parallel 
ledges  and  one  cross  edge,  one  of  which  they  have  cross-cut  for  eighteen 
feet  without  striking  the  footwall.     The  ore  assays  from  $4  gold,  6  per  cent. 


i 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


103 


ndotte 
of   six 
of  the 
untaln 
wenty- 
el  was 
From, 
tiarges. 
K  ledge 
I   trtate, 
up  and 
ncUnea 
a  mad-^ 
PI  leUs- 
sr(i   f'.V' 

it:    -  -*■ 

CO     t    '-'li 

bla.ik«=t 
■s  silver 
i  value, 
twenty- 
flfteen- 
ue  from 
trace  of 
h  depth. 
is'   daily 
rated  by 
0  lights. 
y,  and  a 
distance 
ring  and 
t  ore  for 

th  group 
ik  thirty 
S16  to  $18 
A.  Meek 
;r  and  a 
tiountaln. 
en  Inches 

xt  to  the 
Iken  and 
g   quartz, 

Assays 
fe  carr'Crt 
low  these 

Seattle, 

iam  Bou- 
have  the 
hlch  they 

g  crossed 
and  west, 
die  dlorlte 
son  group 

them  and 
:ric  plant, 
id  to  light 
een  shown 

no  silver. 

are  being 


rillllng  ore, 
lined  shaft 

Gold  Dust, 
mr  parallel 
jr  eighteen 
6  per  cent. 


I 


copper  and  2  ounces  silver  up  to  $20  gold,  18  per  cent,  copper  and  5  ounces 
silver.  The  Dividend  is  on  the  extension  of  these  ledges  and  George  Bauer- 
man  and  Benjamin  Anderson  have  stripped  the  northerly  one  to  a  width  of 
sixteen  feet  and  the  southerly  to  a  width  of  twenty  feet,  the  ore  assaying  $12. 
The  same  parties  have  the  Lakeview,  on  which  a  twenty-foot  tunnel  snows 
four  feet  of  ore  and  a  cross-cut  defines  the  ledge  as  eight  feet  wide,  assays 
running  $14  gold,  4  per  cent,  copper.  On  the  Lakeview  extension  W.  T. 
Thompson  haa  four  ledges,  a  cross-cut  showing  one  to  be  ten  feet  wide. 
Another  Lakeview,  on  the  American  side  of  the  line,  is  owned  by  E.  J, 
Goddard  and  B.  O.  P.  Farrar  and  has  a  ledge  three  feet  wide  on  the  surface, 
showing  a  good  deal  of  free  gold,  which  has  been  traced  for  300  feet,  but  a 
shaft  which  is  now  sixty-five  feet  deep  shows  it  to  have  split  Into  two 
two-foot  ledges.  They  are  believed  to  come  together  again  deeper.  Assays 
average  $12  gold,  12  per  cent,  copper,  4  ounces  silver,  though  some  specimens 
have  run  much  higher.  On  the  Calumet  James  Anderson  and  K.  D.  Boeing 
have  a  ledge  twenty  to  thirty  feet  wide  containing  rich  streaks  of  two  to 
three  feet  carrying  petzlte.  This  mineral  is  23  per  cent,  gold,  43  per  cent. 
Fllver,  34  per  cent,  tellurium,  and  picked  pieces  of  ore  assay  as  high  as  $l!>,000, 
the  average,  however,  being  about  $40.  The  ledge  has  been  cross-cut.  On 
the  Gold  Hill,  bonded  to  Capt.  Hall,  of  Rossland,  for  $8,800,  a  twenty-flve  foot 
shaft  showed  six  feet  of  quartz,  with  only  one  wall  in  sight.  On  the  Inter- 
national, bonded  to  George  Canfleld,  of  Oakesdale,  and  G.  H.  Norton,  of 
Kettle  Falls,  a  twenty-flve  foot  shaft  shows  a  four-foot  ledge  assaying  27 
per  cent,  copper,  $4  gold.  The  Satellite,  bonded  to  Capt.  Hell  for  $3,000,  has 
a  drift  on  the  ledge  about  fifty  feet  and  several  open  cuts,  showing  four 
feet  of  ore  which  averages  $10  gold.  The  Copper  King,  also  under  bond  to 
Capt.  Hall,  has  a  cross-cut  four  or  five  feet  long,  showing  eighteen  to  twenty 
Inches  of  copper  sulphides,  which  assay  $12  gold  and  6  per  cent,  copper.  The 
Copper  Queen,  which  Is  believed  to  be  on  the  Copper  King  lead,  has  a  three- 
foot  ledge  of  quartz,  carrying  copper  sulphides,  but  no  work  has  been  done 
and  no  assaj's  have  been  made.  The  New  York,  which  Is  bonder'  to  Mr.  Can- 
field,  has  a  shaft  twelve  feet  deep  and  a  crosscut  on  a  five-foot  ledge,  which 
shows  well  In  gold  and  copper,  though  no  assays  have  been  taken.  The 
Frosty,  which  Is  on  the  American  side  adjoining  the  New  York,  has  a  shaft 
ten  feet  deep  on  two  and  one-half  feet  of  ore  similar  to  the  Gold  Dust,  which 
assays  $9  gold  and  15  per  cent,  copper. 

On  the  steep  face  of  Mount  Chapaca,  directly  opposite  the  Wyandotte 
ird  1,500  feet  above  the  river,  is  the  Rush  group  of  three  claims,  located  on 
:r  true  fissure  vein  running  almost  north  and  eouth,  and  owned  by  the 
i-apaca  Mining  Company.  A  shaft  was  sunk  on  the  ledge  and  a  drift 
•!>a  200  feet  northward  further  down  the  mountain,  where  there  Is  a 
age  four  to  six  feet,  which  aMays  from  20  to  200  ounces  of  silver  and  some- 
,.,i.:ca  as  high  as  $20  gold.  An  inclined  shaft  Was  sunk  175  feet  and  drifts 
w>-ro  run  both  ways  at  the  100  and  175  foot  levels,  showing  the  ledge  from 
f,-  to  eight  feet.  The  compnny  then  started  a  tunnel  to  strike  the  ledge  at 
;,  'J«pth  of  400  feet  and  cut  three  ledges  with  it,  one  of  which  did  not  show 
on  the  surface.  At  the  point  where  it  was  struck,  the  main  ledge  was  quite 
small,  but  drifting  north  and  south  showed  It  to  widen  to  fifteen  feet,  aver- 
aging 200  ounces.  The  other  two  ledges  were  twenty-two  Inches,  running 
$"22  gold,  and  three  feet,  running  $8  gold.  A  shaft  was  then  sunk  175  feet 
from  the  upper  drift  for  the  purpose  of  connecting  the  two  drifts,  and  In 
places  it  showed  ore  fifteen  feet  wide.  Altogether,  about  1,600  feet  of  develop- 
ment work  has  been  done. 

The  next  largest  showing  on  Mount  Chapaca  has  been  made  by  J.  W. 
Miller  and  George  Redpath,  of  Seattle,  on  the  Grandview  group  of  eight 
claims,  with  two  mlllsltes.  They  have  one  great  ledge  of  free  milling 
quartz  nineteen  and  one-half  to  twenty-two  feet  wide,  running  diagonally 
across  four  claims,  on  which  they  have  run  an  open  cross-cut  and  tunnel, 
showing  two  to  fifteen  Inches  of  decomposed  quartz  on  the  hanging  wall, 
which  assavs  $115  to  $484  gold,  and  five  to  six  feet  in  the  center  assaying  $6  to 
$i.i  gold,  a"  thirty-three  foot  shaft  also  showfi  up  this  ledge.  A  parallel  ledge 
Is  shown  fourteen  feet  wide  by  an  open  cut  and  tunnel  of  110  feet  and  carries 
ore  in  the  center  of  five  or  six  feet,  from  which  gold  can  be- panned.  A  three- 
foot  cross  ledge  has  four  to  eighteen  inches  of  ore  in  a  thirteen-foot  shaft, 
assaying  $33  to  $270  gold.  Three  small  parallel  seams  of  similar  character 
have  merelv  been  prospected.  Another  similar  ledge  is  shown  from  six 
inches  to  five  feet  wide  bv  open  cuts  twenty-eight,  twonty-nine  and  thirty-six 
feet  long,  and  assays  from  $37  to  $280  gold.  Two  parallel  ledges,  eight  and 
Ihirteon  feet  wide,  on  the  same  two  claims,  have  not  been  developed.  In  the 
f.ill  of  189C  one  of  the  ioeations  was  made  on  a  latge  iron  capping,  of  which 
the  surface  ore  assayed  $2  to  $6  gold  and  5  to  29  per  cent,  copper,  being  tjplcal 
copper  sulphldep.  Another  ledge  is  two  and  one-half  feet  wide  and  a  twenty- 
nine  foot  open  cut  and  tunnel  shows  twelve  to  fourteen  Inches  of  Smelting 
ore  carrying  about  $'*  gold  and  silver,  besides  quite  a  per  centage  of  copper. 
Half  a  mile  south  of  the  boundary,  on  Mount  Chapaca,  Allan  and  George 
Relste  have  the  Golden  /one  and  an  extension  on  a  ledge  which  a  150-foot 
tunnel  shows  to  be  widening,  with  a  continuous  chute  of  ore  carrying  free 
gold  and  sulphurets.  One  ton  of  ore  from  the  croppings  milled  $22  on  the 
plates  and  assays  average  $40.     On  the  Summit  J.   D.  Llndburg  and  Clay 


104 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Taylor  have  a  140-foot  tunnel  on  a  six-foot  ledge  assaying  $22  free  gold. 
on  the  south  end  of  Mount  Characa  is  an  iron  cap  fifty  to  seventy  feet  wide, 
which  has  been  traced  through  four  claims— the  Copper  King,  by  George 
Mlllberg;  the  Mammoth,  by  "W.  A.  Berry;  the  Eclipse,  by  Peter  Berg,  arid 
the  Double  Standard,  by  VV.  P.  Kurtz.  On  the  Double  Standard,  which  w^ 
only  discovered  last  spring,  a  shaft  Is  down  ten  feet  on  copper  and  Iron 
pvrltes  and  la  being  continued.  Surface  assays  on  the  Eclipse  show  $11  gold, 
and  the  oxidized  cropplngs  on  the  Copper  King  show  $12  and  $16  gold,  with 
traces  of  copper  and  silver. 

Separated  fi     n  Mrtunt  Chapaca  by  Teats  Coulee  on  the  north  Is  Gold  Hill 


on  which  free  a 
4  000  feet  above  t.  ( 
to  eight  feet  wide  • 
northeast   and  soiiti; 
to  the  northwest.     Th 


ilscovered  in  lfc92.  The  ledges  are  at  an  elevation  oi 
ad  2,000  leet  below  the  summit,  and  range  from  four 
;d  porphyry  dike,  cutting  the  formation.  They  run 
',  and  are  almost  perpendicular,  with  a  slight  dip 
quartz  carries  free  gold,  but  most  of  the  gold  value 
is  contained  in  hematite  of  Iron,  there  being  but  little  silver.  Assays  average 
$10  gold,  though  specimens  have  run  as  high  as  $2,000.  The  plon.jer  location 
was  the  E  Plurlbus,  by  D.  O.  Chilson,  of  I.,oomls,  and  the  Moody  brothers, 
of  Spokane,  who  have  sunk  shafts  ten  to  twenty-six  feet  on  the  led^e,  show- 
ing It  to  be  four  to  ten  feet  wide.  At  the  bottom  of  the  deepest  shaft  the 
ledge  is  seven  and  one-half  feet  and  averages  $10  In  gold.  The  northeast 
extension  of  the  R  Pliiribus  Is  the  Frankie  Girl,  owned  by  .'Jenjamln  Hall 
and  Daniel  Mulcahy,  of  Loomls,  and  W.  R.  Hensley,  of  San  Francisco.  Tliey 
have  sunk  several  shafts  ten  to  eighty-*'  ;e  feet.  In  the  deepest  of  which  the 
vein  varies  from  four  to  seven  feet,  of  the  same  grade  as  the  B  VlurlbuB, 
though  some  assays  run  very  hlgii.  A  narrower  parallel  vein  nuu  .irough 
these  two  claims  and  Is  equally  rich.  On  a  parallel  ledge  northeast  of  the 
E  Plurlbus  Henry  Wellington  and  Ij.  D.  Burton  have  the  CTieve  and  have 
made  a  twenty-foot  open  cut  and  started  to  extend  It  with  a  tunnel,  showing 
about  fifteen  feet  of  low-grade  ore.  On  another  parallel  vein  Ijoster  Sly, 
William  Robinson  and  W.  R.  Hensley  have  the  Golden  Fleece,  on  which  they 
have  sunk  shafts  flfty-five  feet  on  the  hanging  wall  showing  two  and  i>ne- 
half  feet  of  ore,  and  thirty-five  feet  on  the  footwall,  showing  three  feet  of 
the  same  grade  as  the  B  Plurlbus. 

Fifteen  miles  west  of  Loomls,  at  the  head  of  Toats  Coulee,  D.  G.  Chllson 
has  the  Oceanic  and  Majestic  on  a  six-foot  ledge  between  granite  walls, 
which  has  been  traced  3,000  feet.  A  shaft  twenty  feet  and  openings  along 
the  ledge  are  said  to  show  ore  the  full  width,  twenty  assays  of  which  range 
from  $10  to  $90  gold  and  silver.  Of  this  value  65  per  cent  Is  free  gold  and  the 
remainder  In  sulphurets. 

West  of  Gold  Hill  Is  the  El  Dorado  group  of  three  claims,  owned  by  Lee 
Brothers  &  Barney,  through  all  of  which  a  ledge  at  least  ten  feet  wide  can 
be  traced.  A  shaft  Is  down  fifteen  or  twenty  feet  on  each  claim  and  openings 
along  the  ledge  show  free  gold  on  the  surface,  assays  ranging  from  $10  to 
$3S,  mostly  In  gold.  The  same  owners  have  the  Sunnyslde  a  mile  further 
west,  on  a  ten-foot  ledge  of  free  milling  ore,  which  assays  $15  to  $20  gold  and 
sliver  from  a  twenty-live  foot  shaft. 

Flowing  into  the  Sinlehekin  from  the  south  side  of  Gold  Hill  is  Cecile 
Creek,  which  has  on  Its  banks  some  rich  ledges  of  Iron  and  copper  pyrites. 
On  the  Little  Falls  H.  M.  Redmond  has  a  two-foot  vein  of  quartz  exposed 
throughout  the  depth  of  a  fifty-foot  shaft,  and  assaying  from  $20  to  $350  gold. 
The  Hercules,  owned  by  the  Hercules  Mining  Company,  of  Pittsburg,  has  an 
iron  cap  eighty  feet  wide  between  walls  of  dlorlte,  running  east  and  west 
and  pitching  north  about  45  degrees.  Several  cross-cuts  on  the  cropping  ha.ve 
traced  the  cap  rock  for  over  a  mile,  for  which  distance  It  has  been  located. 
Surface  assays  give  $2  gold,  5  to  9  ounces  of  silver  and  traces  of  copper,  and 
development,  which  Is  now  being  prosecuted,  shows  high-grade  gold-copper 
ore. 

On  Douglas  Mountain,  south  of  Cecile  Creek,  are  a  series  of  ledges  of 
quartz  running  high  in  gold.  The  country  formation  is  granite,  like  that  of 
Gold  Hill,  and  the  ledges  are  in  a  porphyry  dike  running  northeast  and  south- 
west, carrying  more  copper  than  those  of  Gold  Hill.  The  first  location  Wa« 
the  tJtlca,  by  D.  G.  Chilson,  John  Boyd,  Daniel  Mulcahy  and  H.  M.  Perdue, 
who  have  a  shaft  fifty-eight  feet  on  the  hangln£  wall,  showing  ore  the  full 
width  of  five  feet.  An  open  cut  from  the  footwall  seventy-five  feet  from  the 
shaft  runs  thirty  feet  toward  the  latter  and  Is  all  In  vein  matter  heavily 
impregnated  with  hematite.  Assays  average  $12  to  $15  In  gold,  silver  ana 
copper.  On  the  Oro  Fino,  the  northeast  extension  of  the  Utlca.  D.  O.  Chilson 
and  John  Woodruff  have  a  cross-cut  twenty  feet  and  a  shaft  fifteen  feet, 
showing  a  vein  four  feet  wide,  which  assays  as  high  as  $60  gold.  On  the  H6d 
Jacket,  a  mile  north  of  the  Utlca,  R.  H.  Redmond  has  a  shaft  forty  feet  on 
a  three-foot  vein  of  fine  ore,  from  which  he  sorted  and  shipped  two  tons  of 
the  highest  grade  and  obtained  returns  of  $80. 

Across  the  Sinlehekin  from  Mount  Douglas  and  Gold  Hill  is  Aeneas 
Mountain,  a  ridge  extending  many  miles  south  of  Loomls  and  rising  to  a 
height  of  2,800  feet  above  the  town,  on  which  are  a  series  of  parallel  ledges 
of  iron  and  copper  pyrites,  carrying  gold  and  wearing  red  Iron  caps.  The 
ledges  run  northeast  and  southwest  across  the  granite  and  dlorlte  formatloil. 
Seattle  men  are  most  active  on  this  mountain,  having  Joined  with  Loomto 


^ININO    IN    THE    PACIFIC    KORTHWBBT. 


•1(16 


eitlaens  to  form  the  Detroit-Windsor  Mill  and  Aimlngr  Company  and  develop 
tbe  Detroit-Windsor  group  of  five  claims,  seven  miles  south  of  X^ooittiS. 
iniree  claims  are  on  a  ledge  capped  with  Iron  for  a  width  of  fourteenTifcei. 
with  granite  and  dlorlte  for  the  hanging  wall  and  granitic  porphyry  t&v  tMe 
footwall,  the  ledge  cutting  the  formation  up  the  mountain  and  being  tlfat&M 
through  the  three  claims.  A  shaft  Is  down  100  feet,  showing  Iron  and  copper 
pyrites,  and  a  crosd-cut  at  the  ninety-foot  level  shows  It  to  have  widened  to 
eighteen  feet.  Assays  have  ranged  from  |10  gold  and  2  per  cent,  copper  to 
135  for  both  values,  the  copper  ranging  from  2  to  5  per  cent,  and  the  average 
value  being  $15  to  $20  for  the  whole  width  of  the  lodge.  The  two  other  claims 
are  on  a  parallel  ledge  lower  down  the  mountain.  The  work  so  far  done  has 
demonstrated  the  permanence  and  value  of  the  ledge.  The  shaft  will  now 
be  continued  to  a  depth  of  120  or  1.10  feet  and  then  a  cross-cut  will  be  run  to 
tap  the  lea  re  at  a  depth  of  400  feet.  The  nature  of  the  ground  makes  It 
possible  to  i.ttaln  a  depth  of  1,000  feet  with  a  l.BOO-foot  cross-cut. 

.  The  two  ridges  of  Aeneas  Mountain  which  shut  in  Horse  Spring  Coulee 
have  become  the  scene  of  mineral  locations  for  a  distance  of  six  miles.  The 
principal  group  here  Is  the  Treasury,  of  six  claims,  on  which  M.  P.  McConkey 
has  been  working  for  five  years  and  in  which  he  lately  Interested  a  Seattle 
company.  Four  claims  are  on  a  twenty-four  foot  ledge  of  rose  quartz,  on 
which  a  shaft  is  down  eighty  feet  in  ore  assaying  about  $80  gold,  and  a 
number  of  open  cuts  have  been  made.  A  cross-cut  has  been  run  200  iteet 
and  has  cut  a  parallel  ledge,  the  expectation  being  that  in  800  feet  more  It 
will  cut  the  main  ledge  at  a  depth  of  500  feet.  Assays  run  from  $8  golcl 
upwards  and  some  of  it  has  been  milled  in  an  arrastre. 

Further  to  the  east,  on  the  same  ridge,  Ed  Manuel  and  a  number  ef 
others  hava  located  a  string  of  claims  on  a  belt  of  iron-capped  ledges  of 
sulphide  ore,  which  has  been  traced  for  three  miles  north  and  ?outh  and  tor 
a  width  of  two  miles  east  and  west.  The  ledges  are  twenty  to  thirty  feet 
wide  between  dlorlte  walls,  and  surface  assays  show  $2  to  $4  gold  and  8  oer 
cent,  copper,  while  some  have  run  as  high  as  $70. 


THE    COLVILLE    RESERVATION. 

This  broad  stretch  of  country,  comprising  the  central  part  of  the  northern 
half  of  Washington,  had  long  been  a  forbidden  land  to  the  ubiquitous  ores- 
pector,  when,  on  February  20,  1896,  the  northern  half  of  it  ^as  thrown  open 
to  mineral  entry.  It  Is  usual  to  exaggerate  the  unknown,  and  the  great  min- 
eral discoveries  made  on  the  north,  east  and  west  had  given  good  ground 
for  the  general  belief  that  this  land,  given  over  to  the  Indian  farmers  and 
hunters,  abounded  in  mineral  deposits  of  great  wealth.  Actual  observation 
has  confirmed  this  belief,  and  development  on  quite  a  number  of  claims  dur- 
ing the  past  year  has  proved  the  previously  accepted  theory  that  the  area 
of  eruptive  rock  ve^lned  with  sulphide  ore.  which  has  made  Trail  Creek  fa- 
mous, Is  only  one  of  a  series  of  such  areas  extending  throughout  the  country 
to  the  south  and  west.  Many  of  the  ledges  of  sulphide  ore  have  proved  to 
be  equally  rich  In  gold  with  the  average  of  those  In  Trail  Creek,  and  some  far 
richer  in  copper  than  the  best  In  that  district,  nor  do  they  yield  anything  In 
the  size  of  the  ore  bodies.  On  the  eastern  border  of  the  reservation  is  a  belt 
of  galena  ledges,  and  over  to  the  northwest,  on  Myers  Creek  and  its  tribu- 
taries, and  on  the  head  waters  of  Eureka  Creek,  Is  a  belt  of  free-miling  ore 
bodies  of  Immense  size.  The  sulphide  ore  belt  seems  to  cover  the  greater 
part  of  the  country  opened,  for  it  has  been  traced  through  the  whole  stria 
extending  from  the  boundary  south  to  Kettle  Falls,  between  the  Columbia 
and  Kettle  Rivers;  also  along  the  watershed  of  Kettle  River,  where  It  flows 
meandering  from  west  to  east. 

The  reservation  Is  fast  being  made  accessible  from  all  directions  by  means 
at  roads,  although  no  railroad  as  yet  enters  Its  confines.  From  the  weet 
the  Great  Northern  Railroad  will  take  you  174  miles  to  Wena  +  ^hee,  and  the 
Columbia  River  steamer  City  of  Ellensburg  will  carry  you  on  to  JOhniu>n 
Creek,  130  miles,  during  the  period  of  high  water,  which  is  from  May  1*0 
August  1.  Thence  the  Journey  must  be  made  on  horseback,  ten  Miles  up 
the  Okanogan  River  road  to  Tenasket  schoolhouse,  thirty-three  and  one-htftf 
miles  by  the  state  road  to  Curlew  lAke  and  thirty  miles  down  Curlew  Crm^ 
to  Kettle  River.  From  the  east  the  starting  point  If  Spokane,  whence  the 
Sjiokane  Falls  &  Northern  Railroad  will  take  you  102  miles  to  Marcus,  ] 
miles  to  Boasburg  a  ISO  miles  to  Northport.  The  state  road  runs  fta 
Marcus  up  Kettle  River  and  across  country  to  Curlew  Lake,  which  la 
center  of  the  northern  half  of  the  reservation,  to  which  all  roads  lead.  Ho 
also  cut  ac/oss  country  from  BoSsburg  and  Northport  to  Empire  Camp,  p<| 
Lake  and  other  mining  centers  which  have  sprung  up  within  a  year,  fori  „ 
crossing  the  OoltMflabla  at  all  these  towns.  The  route  from  the  south  is 'by 
the  Central  Washington  Railroad  from  Spokane  to  Wilbur,  ninety-one  nilli^, 
and  thence  by  rood  across  the  Big  Bend  and  up  the  Sans  Poel  River  to 
Eureka  Camp,  sisty-two  miles,  this  road  connecting  with  t'.aat  leading  down 


loe 


MININQ    IN    THE    PACll  IC    NORTHWEST. 


Curlew  Creek.  The  Sans  Poel  &  Columbia  River  Perry  &  Transportation 
Company  has  established  a  free  ferry  on  the  Columbia  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Sans  Poel,  and  will  complete  the  forty-eight  miles  of  road  to  Eureka  Camp 
by  the  end  of  April.  This  will  materially  reduce  the  distance  by  the  present 
Sans  Poel  trail. 

Reliable  Information  an  to  the  geology  of  this  great  area  1h  scanty,  and  la 
•only  obtainable  In  scraps  as  to  restricted  tracts  of  country  which  have  come 
under  the  personal  observation  of  some  Individual.  The  simile  applied  to 
the  Trail  Creek  country  by  Mr.  Woodhouse,  quoted  In  another  chapter,  would 
seemingly  apply  here  also.  As  water  pours  through  a  hole  broken  In  Ice,  so 
the  eruptive  rocks  have  burst  through  the  older  formation  In  patches  and 
are  generally  veined  with  sulphide  ore  ledges,  the  richest  of  which  are  found 
•along  the  edges  of  the  area  of  eruption.  The  country  rock  is  generally 
dlorlte,  as  In  Trail,  and  the  ledges  have  the  same  characteristics  in  the 
sulphide  ore  belt.  This  description  applies  to  the  eastern  and  northeastern 
part  of  the  reservation.  In  the  northwest  different  characteristics  prevail, 
which  will  09  described  later  in  this  chapter. 

Within  a  few  miles  of  the  boundary,  on  the  mountains  through  which 
Sheep  Creek  flows  from  Red  Mountain  Into  the  Columbia  River,  there  Is  an 
extension  southward  of  the  Trail  Creek  formation,  In  which  mucn  develop-  . 
ment  work  is  being  done.  On  a  series  of  five  iron-capped  ledges,  ten  to  fifty 
feet  wide,  running  northwest  and  southeast  between  walls  of  syenite  and 
dlorite,  is  the  Bh-^.on  group  of  twelve  claims,  owned  by  the  Blrton  Gold  Min- 
ing &  Milling  Company.  A  shaft  is  down  thirty-five  feet  on  one  ledge,  show- 
ing the  gold  value  to  increase  from  $3  on  the  surface  to  $10,  in  Iron  and 
copper  pyrites,  and  a  contract  has  been  let  for  100  feet  more  on  this  shaft. 
The  property  Is  only  one  and  one-half  miles  from  the  Red  Mountain  Rail- 
road and  six  miles  from  Northport,  where  the  erection  of  a  smelter  is  under 
contemplation,  and  In  that  case  freight  and  treatment  would  cost  only  $7. 

Adjoining  the  B'  con,  the  Fidelity  Gold  &  Copper  Company  has  the 
Fidelity  group  of  six  claims  on  an  elghl-foot  ledge.  A  seventy-six-foot  shaft 
shows  thirty  Inches  of  pyrltic  ore,  assaying  $12.80  gold,  4  per  cent,  copper,  and 
two  smaller  shafts  and  a  thirty-foot  tunnel  show  low  grade  ore  throughout. 

On  a  mountain  rising  from  Sheep  Creek,  three  miles  by  wagon  road  from 
the  Red  Mountain  Railroad  and  twelve  miles  from  Northport,  is  the  Rich 
Four  group  of  four  claims,  which  the  Rich  Four  Mining  &  Milling  Company 
is  developing.  Three  claims  are  on  an  iron-capped  ledge  cropping  forty  to 
110  feet  wide  through  their  whole  length  in  a  ravine  with  perpendicular  walla 
fifty  to  150  feet  high.  The  ledge  Is  slate  mixed  with  white  quartz,  all  more 
•r  less  mineralized  with  gold,  one  streak  of  quartz  showing  near  the  hanging 
wall.  The  other  claim  is  on  a  similar  ledge  sixty  feet  wide,  across  the  sum- 
mit of  the  mountain. 

The  greatest  showing  so  far  on  this  part  of  the  reservation  is  on  the  Big 
Iron,  one  and  one-half  miles  from  the  boundary,  five  miles  from  the  Red 
Mountain  Railroad  and  eight  miles  north  of  Pierre  Lake,  which  the  Big 
Iron  Mining  Company  Is  opening.  Some  conception  of  the  extent  ot  the 
garface  showing  can  be  formed  from  the  fact  that  the  location  was  made 
ky  a  man  so  ignorant  of  the  mining  laws  that  he  only  covered  the  actual 
area  of  the  outcrop,  and  yet  this  is  a  tract  450x250  feet.  This  is  a  huge  blow- 
•ut  of  blue  iron,  in  some  places  twenty  to  thirty  feet  thick,  covering  a  body 
•t  gold-copper  ore,  of  which  diligent  development  has  failed  to  define  the 
extent.  A  shaft  Is  down  seventy-five  feet,  all  in  mineral,  and  a  cross-cuv. 
Ut  feet  Is  also  all  in  mineral  and  has  not  struck  either  wall,  passing  through 
two  good  pay  streaks  seven  and  two  feet  wide.  The  pay  ore  is  iron  and 
copper  pyrites,  assaying  %  to  IV^  ounces  gold,  2  to  5  ounces  silver  and  3%  to  5 
per  cent,  copper,  while  the  ledge  matter  Is  very  slUcious,  with  the  mineral 
apparently  free,  carrying  $1  to  |10  gold  and  very  little  copper. 

Adjoining  this  property,  on  the  same  and  parallel  ledges,  is  the  Little  Iron 
group,  owned  by  L.  D.  W  Shelton,  W.  C.  Morris  and  Edward  Maloney. 

Ore  of  the  same  character  as  at  Trail  Creek,  but  often  running  higher 
in  copper,  is  being  taken  out  of  a  number  of  properties  around  Pierre  Lake, 
which  Is  about  midway  between  the  Columbia  and  Kettle  Rivers,  some  miles 
south  of  the  boundary  and  sixteen  miles  from  Bossburg.  The  ledges  in  thla 
district  are  enclosed  in  porphyry  dikes  filling  true  fissures  In  diorlte  and 
•yenlte,  striking  northeast  by  southwest. 

The  Little  Giant  Mining  Company  has  sunk  100  feet  on  the  Little  Giant, 
following  three  feet  of  copper  pyrites,  which  assays  over  $100  gold  ."  nd  copper. 
At  forty  feet  the  shaft  broke  through  the  supposed  hanging  wa!  into  more 
•re  of  the  same  grade.  A  drift  Is  being  run  from  the  shaft  and  100  sacks 
•f  ore  have  been  shipped,  being  hauled  over  a  road  built  by  the  company. 

The  Bald  Eagle  Gold  Mlnlnp'  Company  Is  developing  the  Bald  Eagle 
croup  of  five  claims  in  the  same  district.  Three  claims  are  on  a  ledge  which 
has  been  traced  through  them  and  through  ten  adjoining  claims.  It  oropa 
ten  feet  wide  and  shows  somewhat  greater  width  in  a  thlrty-flve-foot  shaft. 
Another  claim  is  on  a  parallel  and  the  fifth  on  a  cross  ledge,  which  have 
been  clearly  traced  by  cropplngs.  Work  on  the  shaft  was  stopped  by  water 
and  ore  gaa— the  latter  a  favorable  Indication— but  will  be  resumed  when  a 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


107 


pump  and  fan  have  been  erected.     The  surface  ore  assayed  $7  gold  and  4.14 
per  cent,  copper. 

The  Syndicate  group  of  five  claims,  owned  by  the  Syndicate  Gold  Mining 
Company— an  allied  corporation  to  the  Bald  Eagle— has  two  claims  on  paiallei 
ledges  cropping  three  to  six  feet  wide  and  running  through  into  a  third  claim, 
which  is  located  crosswise.  A  cross-cut,  which  Is  in  twenty-flve  feet,  will 
tap  one  ledge  in  fifteen  feet  more,  when  drifts  will  be  run  both  ways.  An- 
other claim  in  the  group  has  an  iron  capping  four  or  five  feet  wide,  thoroughly 
mineralized,  and  a  fifth  has  four  feet  of  ore  in  a  fifteen-foot  shaft,  assaying 
|13  gold,  $2.17  silver  and  19  per  cent,  copper. 

The  Little  Gem  group  of  four  claims,  three  miles  northwest  of  Pierre 
Lake,  owned  by  the  Lincoln  Mining  &  Development  Company,  has  a  quartz 
ledge  cropping  two  and  one-half  Inches  wide  and  increasing  to  nine  inches 
in  a  seventy-flve-foot  shaft.  Assays  have  run  34  ounces  silver,  $3.60  gold  and 
6  per  cent,  copper. 

Two  miles  east  of  Pierre  Lake  the  Colville  Gold  Mining  Compa.iy  has  the 
Mackinaw  group  of  four  claims.  Three  of  these  are  on  an  Iron-capped  ledge 
thirty  feet  wide,  traced  for  2,000  feet,  which  a  short  inclined  shaft  shows  t« 
be  heavily  charged  with  chalcopyrite,  increasing  every  foot.  Another  claim 
Is  on  a  parallel  ledge  of  the  same  character,  on  which  a  shaft  Is  being  sunk. 
The  same  company  has  the  Fldalgo  on  a  twenty-flve-toot  ledge  at  the  foot 
of  Jumbo  Mountain,  one  mile  south.  Near  the  head  of  Pierre  Creek  this 
company  has  the  Eldorado  group  of  four  claims  on  three  ledges  which  have 
been  traced  for  over  a  mile,  and  it  also  has  two  claims  in  the  Curlew  Camp 
aaid  three  in  the  Eureka  Camp.  The  company  proposes  to  sink  a  shaft  on 
the  Mackinaw  group. 

Near  the  head  of  Pierre  Creek  and  eight  miles  from  the  Spokane  Falls  & 
Northern  Railroad,  the  Churchill  Mining  &  Milling  Company  has  the  Churchill 
group  of  four  claims  on  three  lodges  of  sulphide  f^ro  of  great  width.  A  shaft 
Is  down  thirty  feet  on  one  of  these,  in  a  good  body  of  ore,  carrying  gold,  with 
gray  copper  and  chalcopyrite  coining  In.  Assays  at  five  feet  were  $6.40  and  at 
thirty  feet  $18.60  In  all  values. 

Five  miles  southeast  of  Pierre  Lake  and  ten  miles  northwest  of  Bossburg, 
the  Centennial  Mining  &  Smelting  Company  is  sinking  on  the  Centennial 
group  of  ten  claims,  which  has  an  iron  cap  over  six  feet  deep.  A  sixty-foot 
shaft  cut  three  streaks  of  arsenical  iron  ore,  assaying  $8  to  $18  gold  and  copper. 
The  shaft  will  be  sunk  forty  feet  more  and  then  a  drift  wi.l  be  run  on  the 
dip  of  the  ledge,  which  is  expected  to  show  the  streaks  all  running  togethes'. 

Near  the  sources  of  Flat  Creek,  ten  miles  west  of  Northport,  the  Quadra 
Mining  Company  will  this  spring  begin  development  of  the  Quadra  group  of 
four  claims.  The  cropping  is  an  iron  cap  twenty-flve  feet  wide  and  a 
twenty-eight-foot  cross-cut  has  pierced  the  footwall  and  run  three  feet  oh 
mineralized  ledge  matter,  assaying  $4  gold,  $1.17  silver,  besides  copper. 

West  of  this  group  the  Searchlight  Gold  Mining  Company  has  the  Search- 
light group  of  four  clalihs  on  two  ledges,  which  crop  about  forty  feet  wide. 

On  the  north  fork  of  Fifteen-Mile  Creek  the  Alert  Gold  Mining  Company 
has  five  claims  on  as  many  different  ledges,  ranging  from  ten  feet  upwards. 
A  forty-eight-foot  cross-cut  has  shown  four  feet  of  ore  in  one  of  them,  carry- 
ing $6  gold,  besides  silver  and  copper. 

On  Iron  Mountain,  at  the  head  of  Flat  Creek,  R.  B.  Lane  and  Ledgerwoo4 
Bros,  have  the  Lafayette  group  of  four  c  laims  on  an  iron  capping  100  feet 
v/lde,  and  on  the  divide  .atween  Flat  and  Pierre  Creeks  they  have  the  X-Bjuy 
group  of  eight,  on  which  an  Iron  cap  forty-four  feet  wide  has  been  trace* 
2,000  feet. 

The  Seattle  Gold  &  Cooper  Mining  &  Milling  Company  will  this  season 
develop  the  Lucky  Dog  group  of  seven  claims  on  sevo-ral  ledges  between 
Pierre  Lake  and  Saratoga  Mountain,  with  a  placer  claim  on  Kettle  River. 
Two  claims  are  on  a  ledge  near  Pierre  Lake  cropping  four  feet,  on  which  a 
fifteen-foot  crotjs-cut  shows  streaks  of  sulphide  ore  aggregating  eighteen 
Inches.  This  cross-cut  is  being  continued  to  strike  the  ledge  In  sixty  feet, 
when  drifts  will  be  run.  Four  more  are  on  two  similar  ledges  two  and  one- 
half  miles  from  Bossburg,  and  another  is  on  Toulou  Mountain,  west  of  the 
Kettie  River  wagon  road,  which  shows  pyrites  in  the  cropping^,  but  has  not 
yet  been  defined. 

The  Kettle  River  Mining  &  Milling  Company  has  the  Saratoga  group  ot 
six  claims  on  the  ridge  between  Kettle  and  Columbia  Rivers,  from  two  to 
five  miles  up  the  road  from  Marcus.  The  Saratoga  Is  on  a  mountain  of  the 
same  name,  on  which  there  is  an  iron  cap  200  feet  wide.  A  sixty-foot  crosa- 
cut  shows  the  whole  ledge  to  be  mineralized  with  copper  and  iron  sulphidea, 
and  has  cut  three  streaks  of  solid  ore,  each  about  six  Inches  wide,  assaying 
$47.80  in  gold,  sliver,  copper  and  Ifead.  The  five  other  claims  are  all  on  one 
large  Iron-capped  ledge  two  and  one-half  miles  further  south,  in  which  an 
open  cut  200  feet  long  and  ten  feet  wide  showed  ore  assaying  $4.95  gold,  and  a 
trace  of  silver,  besides  copper. 

The  Sunnyslde  Group  Mining  Company  has  great  ore  bodies  on  its  seven 
claims,  immediately  south  of  the  last-named  group.  There  are  two  parallel 
ledges,  with  four  claims  on  one  and  three  on  the  other.  A  cross-cut,  after 
running  fifteen  feet  through  dlorite,  has  passed  for  forty-eight  feet  through 


108 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


ledge  matter  carrying  streaks  of  sulphide  ore,  and  has  not  struck  the  hanging 
wall.  A  shaft  Is  down  twenty  feet  In  ore,  four  assays  of  which  ran  from 
$31  to  $48  In  gold,  silver  and  copper,  Including  14  per  cent,  copper.  The  com- 
paoy  Is  InBtalUng  a  steam  drill  and  hoist. 

On  the  Nest  Egg,  at  the  rock  cut  In  the  stage  road  fifteen  miles  from  Bos»- 
burg,  T.  S.  Burgoyne,  Hon.  W.  C.  Jones,  Dr.  Edward  Plttwood  and  W.  W. 
Stearns  have  an  iron-capped  ledge  In  which  a  100-foot  tunnel  shows  good  ore, 
carrying  gold,  silver  and  copper. 

On  the  Scotia,  on  Toulou  Mountain,  a  200-foot  cross-cut  has  tapped  an 
eighteen-foot  ledge  of  sulphide  ore. 

Adjoining  the  Sunnyslde  Is  ihe  Empire  group  of  four  claims  on  a  ledge 
of  sulphide  ore  cropping  thirty  to  eighty  feet  wide,  the  iron  capping  of  which 
carries  from  $4  to  $7  gold.  The  Empire  Mining  Company  is  now  beginning 
development. 

On  the  mountain  fronting  Northport  from  the  east  bank  of  the  Columbia 
River,  and  within  one  and  one-half  miles  by  wagon  road  from  the  Red 
Mountain  Railroad,  is  a  series  of  ledges  of  galena  and  sulphide  ore,  of  great 
size,  which  were  the  prize  of  a  hot  race  between  prospectors  on  the  night  of 
the  opening  of  the  reservation.  They  crop  very  clearly  for  over  a  mile 
parallel  with  a  broad  silicate  dike,  which  is  plainly  visible  from  the.  opposite 
bank  of  the  river,  and  runs  northeast  by  southwest.  The  first  location  was 
the  Mountain  View  or  Contention,  which  Is  the  subject  of  a  contest  among 
rival  claimants.  It  shows  elKht  inches  of  galena  In  the  croppings,  and  in  a 
forty-seven-foot  shaft  on  the  side  of  the  mountain  shows  a  good  body  of 
galena  and  sulphides. 

On  the  extension  of  this  ledge  and  on  parallel  ledges,  the  Coiville  Reser- 
vation Mining  Company  has  the  Mountain  View  Extension  group  of  four 
claims.  The  Mountain  View  ledge  has  been  tanned  by  a  seventy-flve-foot 
cross-cut,  which  shows  four  feet  of  ore  carrying  galena  and  sulphides  and 
assaying  $11  to  $64  In  gold  and  silver,  but  has  not  yet  reached  the  further  wall. 
A  winze  will  now  be  BU.ik  from  the  face  of  the  cross-cut. 

The  Coyote  group  of  three  claims,  which  has  been  bonded  for  develop- 
me>nt  by  William  Adams  and  others  of  Northport  to  John  Leary,  Oeorge 
Kinnear  and  A.  H.  Manning,  of  Seattle,  has  a  cropping  at  least  fifteen  feet 
wide  and  in  a  fifty-foot  shaft  shows  ten  to  thlrty-slx  Inches  of  ore,  carrying 
$?J  gold  and  silver.  This  shaft  will  be  sunk  to  the  200-foot  level  this  summer, 
und  a  test  shipment  of  twenty  tons  will  be  made  when  spring  opens.- 

The  White  Horse,  owned  by  A.  W.  Ryan,  Is  on  the  Mountain  View  ex- 
tension, and  the  Bald  Eagle,  by  Messrs.  Harris,  McFadden  and  others.  Is  on 
the  supposed  extension. 

On  one  of  these  ledges,  ten  to  twenty  feet  wide,  between  walls  of  slate  and 
dlorite,  the  White  Otter  Gold  &  Sliver  Mining  Company  has  the  White  Otter, 
which  will  be  developed  this  year.  The  ledge  matter  is  lime  quas-tz,  with 
streaks  of  porphyrltlc  quartz,  and  one  ore  chute  of  gold-bearing  galena  Is 
exposed  In  the  croppings.  It  cuts  an  abrupt  hill  at  right  angles,  so  that, 
by  tunneling,  great  depth  can  be  attained  at  short  distance. 

On  three  of  these  ledges  the  Northport  Development  Company  has  the 
Iron  Horse  group  of  nine  claims,  through  which  the  quartz  has  been  traced. 
On  the  Mountain  View  ledge  a  cross-cut  of  forty  feet  Is  all  In  mineralized 
qnaurtz.  with  eight  feet  of  ore,  and  a  shaft  Is  down  forty-five  feet.  Another 
ledgfe  has  an  Iron  cap  thirty  to  forty  feet  wide  and  the  third  is  three  or  four 
feet,  showing  galena.  Surface  ore  assayed  $14  to  $25  gold,  sliver  and  copper. 
The  company  will  run  a  400-foot  cross-cut,  tapping  two  ledges  at  a  depth  of 
360  feet. 

The  most  famous  series  of  mineral  croppings  on  the  reservation  is  on  La 
Fleur  Mountain,  at  the  head  of  Koos  Moos  Creek,  directly  south  of  th» 
boundary,  being  an  extension  of  Smith's  Camp  in  the  Boundary  Creek  dis- 
trict. The  La  Fleur  was  discovered  years  ago,  and  numbers  of  men  have 
since  been  carrying  specimens  of  peacock  copper  from  It  as  evidence  of  the 
inineral  wealth  that  awaited  development  In  this  closed  country.  The  result 
was  the  systematic  movement  in  the  winter  of  1895-6  for  the  opening  of 
the  northern  half  of  the  reservation  to  mineral  entry,  which  was  crowned 
with  success  on  February  20,  1896.  A  race  for  the  La  Fleur  from  Marcus 
followed  between  several  rival  claimants,  and  contesting  locations  were  made. 
Tbo  ground  of  one  claim  was  that  congress  had  opened  the  reservation  by  an 
«ct  passed  In  1892,  and  that  the  president's  proclamation  was  unnecessary, 
aU  locations  made  in  the  Interval  being  valid.  This  claim  was  sustained  by 
the  United  States  courts,  and  the  contest  has  recently  been  compromised 
iKitween  the  Comstock  and  La  Fleur  companies,  the  La  Fleur  being  now  held 
aaithe  Butte,  together  with  its  extension,  the  Oomstock,  1  -  the  Comstock 
liining  &  Milling  Company. 

The  croppings  of  this  ledge  were  great  masses  of  poacock  copper  or 
bomite  forty  to  fifty  feet  wide.  A  shaft  fifty  feet  deep  shows  the  ledge  flv* 
feet  between  walls,  with  two  and  one-half  feet  of  solid  ore  averaging  |75  a 
ton,  viz.,  30  to  45  per  cent,  copper  and  the  remainder  In  silver.  On  the  Com- 
stOMtk  a  shaft  has  been  sunk  making  a  similar  showing. 

The  Lone  Star  and  Washington  group  of  eight  claims  la  on  the  ^ztenston 
•f  the  La  Fleur  ledge  to  within  154  feet  of  the  boundary,  and  la  ht&ng  ex- 


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MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


IM 


(MWlvely  developed  by  the  Reservation  Mining  &  Milling  Company.  The 
ledge  crops  thirty  to  forty  fuet  wide,  and  carrlcH  copper  pyrites  and  chal- 
copyrlte.  A  tunnel  was  run  in  It  for  12(>  feet,  all  In  ore,  when  u  f'oaa-cut 
waa  run  144  feet  east  and  thirty-five  feet  west,  showing  llfty  feet  of  ore.  A 
shaft  Is  down  100  feet  from  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel,  In  ore  the  whole  distance, 
and  a  cross-cut  eighty  feet  westward  from  the  bottom  shows  .-itreaks  of  ore 
Hlternately  with  serpentine  hands.  There  are  SOO  tons  on  the  dump,  and  It  la 
estlmaled  that  the  ore  In  sight  Is  worth  tl,500,()OU.  The  value  averages  J30  to 
$40,  though  assays  from  the  west  drift  from  the  tunnel  ran  |96,  the  average  In 
copper  bmng  10  per  cent.,  silver  3  ounces,  the  remainder  being  gold. 

VVlthIn  one  and  one-half  miles  of  the  La  Fleur,  Kdward  L.  Ensel,  of 
Seattle;  J.  N.  Scott  and  A.  W.  Hawks,  of  Everett,  have  the  Mascot  group 
of  twenty  claims  on  three  Ifon-capped  ledges  over  100  feet  wide.  In  one  of 
which  an  open  cut  thirty  feet  long  and  seventy  feet  deep  shows  a  great 
body  of  chalcopyrlte  ore. 

j  The  Edith  group  of  four  claims  on  Koos  Moos  Creek  also  has  a  good 
.  surface  showing  of  copper  sulphides,  and  has  been  bonded  by  A.  E.  aQlleger, 
iH.  J.  Ulalne,  William  Btoll  and  others  to  English  capitalist  for  $10,000. 
!  On  Lone  Ranche  Creek,  live  miles  south  of  Grand  Forks,  B.  C,  the  Tenas- 
••  k*t  Gold  Mining  Company  has  the  Sparling  and  Raymond  on  two  large  iron 
0 caps,  of  which  the  surface  ore  carries  small  values,  giving  promise  of  In- 
"  (.reased  value  when  development,  to  be  made  this  ■    ur,  attains  depth. 

One  of  the  greatest  showings  of  free-mlUlng  or      -us  been  made  In  Eureka 
.   Camp,  along  Eureka  Creek,  and  near  the  headwai    is  of  the  Sans  Poel  River, 
thlrty-flve  miles  by  wagon  road  from  Grand  Forks. 

This  mineral  belt  has  been  traced  four  miles  wide  and  located  for  fifteen 
miles  In  length,  the  two  principal  ledges  being  traced  for  that  distance  in  a 
north  and  south  course.  These  ledges  are  twenty  to  fifty  feet  wide,  with 
some  blow-outs  of  much  greater  width,  and  are  capped  with  Iron  and  volcanic 
rock.  This  surface  rock  carries  little  value,  but  when  It  Is  pierced  a  blue 
pij  uartz  Is  encountered  which  assays  quite  well  in  free  gold. 
j  On  the  Great  Republic,  Patrick,  James  and  Dennis  Clark  have  a 
I  juartz  ledge  fifty  feet  wide,  traced  by  the  cropplngs  for  1,000  feet,  on 
•^'•/hlch  they  have  made  a  long  open  cut  ten  feet  deep.  Nine  feet  on  the  east 
i>id«  assayed  $64  gold,  another  nine  feet  $24,  and  the  west  side  showed  values 
jf^f  $16  and  $20.  The  Clarx  brothers  have  also  cross-cut  a  ledge  on  the  Lone 
*ine,  one  and  one-half  miles  from  the  Great  Republic,  and  have  run  lifteen 
jet  through  the  ore  body  without  striking  the  hanging  wall  The  tunnel  Is 
10  feet  long  and  gains  100  feet  In  depth.  This  ledge  assays  $10  in  free  gold 
nd  sulphurets  throughout.  The  Clarks  will  erect  a  stamp  mill  as  soon  aa 
he  snow  is  gone. 

On  the  two  main  ledges,  and  on  others  parallel  with  them,  Harry  Kaufl- 
lan,  of  Alma  Dr.  Klttlnger.  of  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  W.  J.  Qrambs  and 
thera,  of  Seattle,  have  the  Admiral  group  of  nine  claims.  The  Admiral  is 
a  the  Lone  Pine  ledge,  which  Is  thirty  to  forty  feet  wide  at  this  point,  and 
<  the  strongest  In  the  camp.  The  Treasury  and  Blue  Jacket  are  on  a  twenty* 
lot  parallel  ledge;  the  Seattle  Belle  has  a  largo  ledge  of  undefined  width, 
,elng  covered  with  wash;  the  Rebate  haa  a  large  body  of  good  ore;  the 
ther  claims  are  on  large  parallel  ledgea  in  the  same  belt.  They  have  been 
'eflned  by  surface  work  and  this  year  the  Admiral  will  be  cross-cut. 

The  Knob  Hill,  on  the  north  extension  of  the  Lone  Pine  ledge,  Is  being 
ross-cut  by  Portland,  Or.,  parties. 

On  the  Paul  and  Brimstone  Robert  Nelll  and  others  have  a  ledge  over 
txty  feet  wide,  of  which  the  croppinga  average  $16  gold,  besides  silver  and 
opper. 

A  great  iron  cap  160  feet  wide  covers  a  ledge,  on  which  the  Copper  Mount* 
lin  Mining  &  Milling  Company  have  three  claims,  with  another  on  a  crosa 
edge  with  a  capping  fifty  feet  wide.  A  tunnel  has  been  driven  132  feet  along 
he  footwall,  cutting  several  rich  stringers,  and  a  cross-cut  from  the  face  has 
)een  started, 

On  the  cross  ledge  the  Safe  Deposit  Mining  &  Milling  Company  has  the 
fountain  Boy,  with  an  iron  cap  cropipng  for  its  whole  length.  A  surface 
peclmen  assayed  $340  gold,  and  the  extent  and  actual  value  of  the  ore  will  be 
roved  by  the  development  this  year. 
.  On  another  cross  ledge  eight  feet  wide  F.  C.  Robertson,  J.  M.  Hamilton, 
I.  F.  Rogers  and  others  have  the  Bryan  and  Sewall  and  are  sinking  on  it. 
t  a  depth  of  six  feet  the  shaft  showed  ore  throughout,  averaging  $45  gold. 
1  silver. 

On  the  headwaters  of  Teroda  Creek,  three  or  four  miles  further  west, 
he  Gold  Dust  Mining  Company  has  two  claims  on  a  ledge  of  free  milling 
uartz,  assaying  $14  upwards  in  gold,  one  assay  having  run  as  higM  as  $2,673. 
he  company  intends  to  develop  this  ledge  during  the  summer. 

Another  series  of  free  milling  quartz  ledges  of  great  size  has  been  dls- 
overed  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  reservation,  on  Myers  Creek  and 
[ary  Ann  Creek.  In  order  to  reach  this  section  one  leaves  the  steamer  at 
Dhnson  Creek  and  goes  by  road  thirty  miles  to  the  government  sawmill,  five 
dies  from  the  head  of  SawmUl  Creek,  then  takes  the  Kettle  River  wagon 
>ad  for  twelve  miles  to  the  head  of  Maxy  Ann  Creek. 
These  iMg^a  extend  in  a  belt  northward  from  the  three-cornered  divide. 


.1  ,i  i 


,'^ 


uo 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


from  which  Mary  Ann  Creek  flows  east  to  Myers  Greek,  Rock  Creek  flows 
east  to  Kettle  River  and  Sawmill  Creek  flows  southwest  to  the  Okanogan 
River.  It  cuts  through  a  series  of  four  gieat,  bald  buttes  extending  north- 
ward. In  diminishing  size,  from  Mount  Bonaparte  to  the  boundary,  and 
formed  of  quartzite.  The  country  rock  is  metamorphic  slate,  cut  by  dikes  of 
porphyry. 

The  Hehe  group,  five  miles  southwest  of  the  Hehe  stone,  is  owned  by  A. 
E.  Anrud  and  J.  H.  Calvert,  and  covers  five  parallel  ledges  of  free-mllUng 
quartz.  One  ledge  is  fourteen  feet  wide,  and  in  a  ten-foot  shaft  shows  ore 
carrying  $30.80  gold  and  silver,  only  a  small  part  of  the  value  being  silver. 
Another  ledge  twenty  feet  wide  runs  up  the  mountain  from  Hehe  Stone,  and 
assays  $6- to  $S  free  gold  on  the  surface,  while  a  third  shows  several  seams 
of  quartz  carrying  $4  to  $8  gold  on  the  surface. 

Five  miles  southwest  of  this  group  and  due  north  of  Mount  Bonaparte, 
Messrs.  Calvert  and  Anrud  have  the  Porphyry  group  of  five  claims  on  a. 
porphyry  dike  eighty  feet  wice  and  parallel  with  it.  In  this  dike  a  sixteen- 
foot  ledge  of  quartz  crops  on  three  claims,  as  defined  by  an  open  cross-cut, 
and  shows  colors  in  panning,  while  an  assay  ran  about  |12  gold. 

The  greatest  and  richest  showing  in  this  vicinity  ds  on  the  Big  Hole,  at 
the  forks  of  Mary  Ann  Creek,  eight  miles  south  of  Camp  McKlnney,  owned 
by  George  King,  Charles  Armstrong,  C.  P.  Devlne  and  Neal  Undem,  of  Seat- 
tle, who  have  resumed  work.  The  ledge  is  thirty  to  forty  feet  wide,  of  honey- 
combed quartz,  and  carries  from  a  trace  to  |18  free  gold,  with  two  feet  of  pay 
ore,  the  lowest  assay  of  which  was  $108.50  golt  and  the  highest  $600  gold,  218 
ounces  silver.  The  indications  arc  that  at  depth  the  ore  will  change  to  galena. 
The  same  parties  have  the  Cleopatra,  on  which  an  open  cut  shows  eleven 
feet  of  ore  with  only  one  wall  In  sight.  A  number  of  small  streaks  of  ore  run 
through,  assaying  $18  to  $20  gold  and  8  to  18  ounces  silver,  and  small  particles 
of  galena  carrying  gold  and  silver  are  discovered  all  through  the  ledge  matter. 
It  is  intended  to  sink  fifty  feet  on  each  ledge  and  then  cross-cut  to  define  the 
width. 

On  the  extension  of  the  Cleopatra,  A.  Walker  has  the  Wenatchee,  on 
which  the  ledge  crops  twelve  feet  wide  between  slate  walls,  and  carries  free 
gold  and  a  little  sulphurets  in  a  slate  and  quartz  gangue.  A  small  shaft 
showed  ore  assaying  $12  to  $28. 

The  Columbia,  on  the  boundary,  has  another  great  body  of  quartz  250  feet 
w'de,  an  average  sample  of  which  showed  $10  free  goM. 

On  the  Poland  China,  Neal  undem  and  Jerome  Haskins  have  stripped  the 
ledge  Tor  100  feet  in  width  and  have  not  found  either  wall.  The  quartz  carries 
free  gold  i>roughout,  assaying  all  the  way  from  $2.50  to  $600. 

Eight  miles  up  Mvers  Creek  from  Kettle  Kivcr  and  one  and  one-half  mile& 
from  the  boundary,  P.  H.  Pingston  has  the  Pingston  claim  on  a  blow-out  of 
arsenical  iron  50x100  feet,  of  which  the  decomposed  surface  rock  assays  $4  to 
$16  gold. 

The  Chicago  and  New  York  are  on  a  ledge  of  sulphide  ore,  carrying  $4  to 
$12  gold  and  copper  in  a  quartz  gangue,  which  a  ten-foot  open  cross-cut  shows 
to  be  nine  feet  wide. 

Near  the  source  of  Myers  Creek.  Senator  Turner,  Congressman  Jones, 
United  States  Attorney  Brinker  and  Deputy  Marshal  Vinson  have  the  Bi- 
metallic on  a  seven-foot  ledge  of  sulphide  ore,  assaying  12  per  cent,  copper, 
61.^  ounces  silver  and  $2  to  $3  gold. 

Another  great  body  of  white  and  grey  honeycombed  quartz  crops  200  feet 
wide  on  the  Andruss,  one  and  one-half  miles  south  of  ♦he  boundary  and 
fifteen  miles  northeast  of  Oro,  the  owner  being  the  Tena.^ket  Gold  Mining 
Company.  Surface  prospect  holes  have  shown  free-milling  ore  assaying 
$2.62  to  $74.80  gold. 

Placers  are  extensively  worked  during  the  summer  or-  Myers,  Fourth  of 
July  and  Deadman  Creeks,  and  in  some  Instances  have  ptvld  good  wages, 
even  for  work  with  pan  and  rocker.  Deadman  Creelc  is  located  for  eight  or 
nine  miles,  the  dirt  panning  as  much  as  40  cents  a  yard,  not  only  in  the 
creek-bed  but  in  the  nigh  bars,  rising  250  feet  above  it,  and  hydraulic  mining 
ought  to  be  profitable  here. 


NOBTHPORT. 


This  town  is  not  only  the  junction  of  the  several  branches  of  the  Spokane 
Falls  &  Northern  Railroad  leading  to  Trail  Creek  and  Nelson,  but  is  the 
center  of  an  organized  mining  district  extending  from  the  Kettle  Rtver 
eastward  to  the  Metaline  District  and  from  the  boundary  southward  to 
Bossburg.  The  part  ofthls  district  between  the  Columbia  and  Kettle 
Rivers  is  described  In  the  chapter  on  the  Colville  Reeervation.  The  section 
east  of  the  Columbia  comprises  part  of  the  belt  of  silver-bearing  country, 
of  which  the  Slocan,  Ainsworth  and  Nelson  Districts  on  the  north  and  the 
Colville  and  Cedar  Canyon  Districts  on  the  south  have  experienced  most 
fleveJopment.     The  principal  work  now  in  progress  is  on  Red  Top  Mountain, 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


lU 


«ast  of  Northport  between  the  forks  of  Cedar  Creek,  and  on  the  headwaters 
of  that  stream  and  on  Deep  Creek.  At  the  head  of  Deep  Creek  the  ore  lis 
principally  pa'.ena  and  carbonates,  with  some  aznrlte  of  copper,  red  oxide 
of  copper  and  gray  copper.  At  the  head  of  Cedar  Creek  the  ores  are  ail 
silver-lead  and  carbonates,  while  directly  east  and  south  of  Northport  the 
ores  are  leac  and  gray  copper,  and  at  Little  Dalles  are  of  the  same  char- 
acter. The  'district  has  the  advantage  of  wagon  roads  to  Northport,  making 
transportation  .o  the  rallroRd  cheap  and  easy,  ard  the  contemplated  erection 
of  a  smelter  at  that  town  by  the  Union  Smelt  ng  and  Refining  Company, 
comoosed  of  strong  capitaiists,  holds  out  the  p/ospect  of  reduction  almost 
on  the  ground. 

On  Red  Top  Moimtaln,  three  miles  in  a  direct  line  and  five  miles  by 
wagon  road  from  i^cundary  Station  on  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, is  the  Clara  group  of  four  claims,  owned  by  the  Trail  Creek  Midland 
Mining  Company,  which  is  actively  developing.  Ol  the  two  ledges,  on^  is 
in  the  contact  between  porphyry  and  slate  and  the  other  betwe'  gran'te 
and  slate,  the  gangue  being  quartz  carrying  gold,  silver  and  v  ••-  A 
tunnel  is  in  ver  125  feet  on  one  ledge  and  will  be  continued  to  ;;0';  it<>t, 
when  an  uprExse  will  be  made  of  ^30  feet  and  stoplng  will  begin.  A  j,  cas-cvt 
will  also  be  driven  for  IRO  feet  to  tap  the  parallel  ledge,  when  both  will  bs 
worked  from  this  tunnel.  This  work  has  shov/n  nowhere  lcs.3  than  six 
inches  of  good  silver  sulphide  ore,  the  width  frequently  Increasing  to  six 
feet  and  averaging  between  eighteen  and  twenty-four  inches.  A  thirty-five 
foot  winze  from  the  tunnel  at  the  100-foot  line  shows  improved  value.  A 
shipment  of  fifteen  tons  to  the  Tacoma  smelter  in  October,  1896,  returned 
$63.70  in  gold,  silver  and  copper.  Ore  of  less  value  than  $30  la  held  in  the 
dump  awaiting  the  erection  of  the  smelter  at  Northport,  ten  miles  distant 
by  rail,  and  meanwhile  the  company  is  Investigating  a  newly  invented 
smelter  with  a  view  to  erecting  one,  if  a  test  should  prove  successful.  The 
property  can  be  developed  entirely  by  tunneling  and  therefore  at  slight  cost. 
The  Lakovu'W  group,  owned  by  the  Lake  view  Mining  Company,  consists 
of  two  clalnsM  on  the  same  ledge  and  one  on  a  cross  ledge.  The  main 
ledge  has  been  stripped  for  150  feet,  showing  twelve  to  twenty  Inches  of  ore, 
while  a  180-toot  tunnel,  an  eighty-foot  incline  and  a  fifty-foot  incline  show 
twenty  to  forty  inches  o]'  ore,  three  shafts  six  to  ten  feet  deep  making  a 
similar  showing.  The  ore  carries  chlorides,  sulphides  and  bromides  of 
silver  anc"  some  native  silver,  and  a  number  of  assays,  not  only  of  the 
solid  ore  out  of  the  ledge  matter  intervening  between  pay  streaks,  range 
frora  $8  silver  and  80  cents  gold  in  the  slate  gangue  to  $386.40  silver  and 
$15  gold  in  the  chlorides  and  bromides.     One  car  load  of  this  ore  is  said  to 

have  netted  $1,100.  ,      „,  ,        ^  v       *  i  . 

The  Red  Top  Mountain  Mining  Company  has  two  claims  on  the  same 
mountain,  on  which  a  shaft  is  down  125  feet,  showing  the  ledge  to  widen 
from  seven  to  eight  and  one-half  feet,  with  eighteen  inches  of  galena  assay- 
ing $78  in  silver  and  lead,  with  a  little  gold,  the  remainder  of  the  ledge  being 
good  concentrating  ore.  „     ^       ^  ,  ,  .>«*,.. 

On  Deep  Creek  George  Poster  has  a  claim  named  after  himself,  on  a 
iGdee  cropping  twenty  feet  wide,  on  which  he  has  worked  intermittently  for 
eieht  years  A  number  of  open  cuts,  a  tunnel  of  about  forty  feet  and  a 
shaft  of  about  fifty  feet  have  shown  a  goou     ody  of  ore  carrying  about 

40  °^"*^^^g^j7o1i' Horse,  also  on  Deep  Creek.  ,.  C.  Taylor  has  a  good  ledge 
of  iron  and  copper  sulphides,  on  which  he  I  vs  sunk  a  small  shaft,  showing 
fire  assaying  $2  gold  and  2  to  4  ounces  silver. 

On  Onion  Creek,  which  liows  into  the  Columbia  from  the  east  seven 
miles  below  Northport,  is  a  belt  of  gold-bearing  sulphide  ore  in  a  quartz 
eaneue  cut  bv  the  creek  from  a  point  two  miles  above  its  mouth.  On  the 
Alice  May  I.^essrs.  Hansen,  Paulson,  Sherman  and  Roseberry  have  a  ledge 
rrAnn'njr  twenty  feet  wide,  in  which  a  seventeen-foot  shaft  shows  five  feet 
of  Biilnhide  The  Lisburn  Gold  Mining  Company  has  sunk  twelve  feet  on 
the  Lisburn  showing  the  same  width  of  ore,  and  good  results  have  been 
obtained  on'the  Etna"  Occidental,  Wall  Street  and  several  other  claims. 


*'  = 


COLVILLE. 


This  district  has  reached  a  more  advanced  stage  of  development  and 
nroducod  more  ore  than  any  other  silver  district  in  Washington  It  formi 
the  smUh^rn  half  of  a  belt  extending  about  ten  miles  east  from  the 
Onlumb  a  River  n cross  the  Col^;llle,  and  from  the  headwaters  of  Cedar  and 
DeenCrlekswWch  empty  into  the  Pend  d'Oreille  River  near  the  boundary, 
r„^ftJ,wor^  for  aeventv-flve  miles.  terminating  In  that  direction  n  the 
southward  for  sevemj  "J®,  ™'  I'-^^gpribed  in  another  chapter.  Like  all 
X'V  n^Sr  dEcoveries  irhas  had  its  alternate  periods  of  activity  jind 
torpSr.^  and  now  apjear^  to  have  become  the  scene  of  renewed  develop- 


112 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST, 


ment,  In  sympathy  with  the  movement  generally  prevalent  thrjughout  the- 
Pacific  Northwest. 

The  formation  of  this  belt  of  country  Is  granite,  lime,  slate  and  quartzit«^ 
and  is  veined  with  a  belt  of  bodies  of  silver-lead  ores,  runnlag  aouiietinipp^ 
north  and  south  and  others  east  and  west.  These  occur  either  in  conta<;t» 
between  granite  and  lime,  slate  and  lime,  or  slate  and  quartzite,  or  In 
fissures  in  the  slate  or  lime.  Where  they  occur  in  the  lime  formation  the 
ledges  show  a  good  deal  of  surface  disturbance,  but  at  depth  settle  into 
permanent  bodies  of  ore,  either  in  chutes  or  veins.  In  thf:  slate  formation 
the  ledges  are  almost  invariably  in  place. 

The  first  discovery  was  mada  In  1883  at  the  Embry  camp,  two  miles  east 
of  Chewelah,  by  a  party  of  prospectors  sent  out  by  John  N.  Squire,  of 
Spokane.  The  ore  in  that  section  carries  galena,  sulphide  of  silver,  some 
carbonate  of  lead  and  chloride  of  silver,  mixed  with  iron  and  copper  pyrites. 
A  rush  of  prospectr.rs  followed  within  two  years  and  explorations  extended 
northward.  Thus  followed  the  discovery  of  the  Old  Dominion,  seven  mlleft 
from  Colville,  where  the  ledge  is  In  a  contact  between  granite  and  lime, 
the  ore  carrying  bromide,  chloride  and  sulphide  of  silver,  with  occasional 
bunches  of  galena.  Then  followed  the  discoveries  at  the  head  of  Deep 
Creek  and  Cedar  Creek  and  along  the  range  east  of  the  Columbia  to  Little 
Dalles,  this  territory  being  Included  In  the  Northport  District.  Fifteen 
miles  further  .south.  In  the  Young  America  at  Bossburg,  the  ore  is  lead 
and  silver  entirely.  Five  miles  further  southeast,  in  the  Big  Bonanza,  wo 
fliifi  a  heavy  mixture  of  galena  and  iron  pyrites,  carrying  about  40  per  cent, 
lead  and  10  ounces  silver.  Still  traveling  southward,  we  come  to  vjold  Hill, 
two  miles  east  of  aiarcus,  where  the  ore  is  copper  pyrites  carrying  gold. 
On  Rickey  Mountain,  five  mil^s  more  to  the  south,  there  is  a  great  quantity 
of  gray  copper  ore,  but  it  is  very  much  broken  and  no  solid  bodies  liave 
yet  been  found.  Going  fifteen  miles  onward  to  the  south,  we  come  to  the 
Summit  camp,  where  the  ore  carries  galena  and  lead  carbonates,  and  five 
miles  to  the  southwest  of  this  camp  is  the  Wellington,  with  the  same 
class  of  ore.  Five  miles  south  of  this  is  the  Cleveland  mine,  where  the 
ore  is  galena  carrying  about  40  ounces  silver.  This  mine  Is  treated  of  In 
the  chapter  on  Cedar  Canyon,  of  which  it  Is  the  pioneer.  All  the  ores  of 
this  belt  are  high  grade,  except  those  of  Deep  Creek,  where  tby  carry 
from  25  to  40  ounces  silver  and  40  per  cent.  lead. 

The  best  developed  and  most  productive  mine  In  this  belt  Id  the  Old 
Dominion,  which  embraces  a  group  of  claims  covering  the  whole  movmtaln 
and  which  Is  owned  by  the  Old  Dominion  Mining  and  Concentrating  Com- 
pany. It  la  reached  from  Spokane  by  the  Spokane  FaHw  &  Northern  Rail- 
road to  Colville,  eighty-eight  miles,  whence  a  wagon  road  leads  to  the  mine, 
seven  miles  distant.  The  ore  chute  crops  on  the  surface  to  a  length  of  400' 
feet  In  the  contact  b.  tween  lime  and  granite,  and  in  chambers  forty  to  fifty 
feet  wide.  The  mine  was  first  developed  near  the  surface  by  a  series  ot 
tunnels  aggregating  3,000  feet  In  length,  attaining  a  depth  of  2.50  feet.  A 
tunnel  was  then  driven  3,000  feet  on  the  contact  at  a  further  depth  of  40O 
feet  and  at  the  end  of  that  distance  struck  a  chamber  of  ore,  which  is  now 
being  developed.  A  cross-cut  has  also  been  started  and  has  opened  other 
small  veins,  ranging  from  six  inches  to  twelve  feet.  The  ore  carries  bro- 
mide, chloride  and  sulphide  of  silver,  with  some  native  silver,  and  Its 
contents  range  from  2.'>  to  125  ounces  silver,  with  30  per  cent,  lead  and  (3  gold. 
There  is  on  the  ground  a  concentrator  with  a  capacity  ot  seventy  tons  a  day 
to  treat  the  low-grade  ore.  The  smelter  returns  show  that  about  $2,000,00i> 
has  been  taken  out  of  the  mine  and,  when  shipping  regularly,  it  produces 
about  $10,000  a  month  gross,  or  $12,000  net,  employing  seventy-five  men. 

The  Young  America  group  of  four  claims  Is  a  quarter  of  a  mile  northeast 
of  Bossburg,  on  the  Spokane  P'alls  &  Northern  Railroad,  110  miles  from  Spo- 
kane, and  is  owned  by  the  Young  America  and  Cliff  Consolidated  Mining 
Company.  The  whole  property  Is  covered  with  float  and  a  ledge  croppingr 
tjvelve  to  twenty  feet  wide  runs  across  all  four  claims.  A  tunnel  was  run  12^ 
feet  soon  after  discovery,  at  a  depth  of  only  thirty  feet,  and  ore  sloped  to  the 
grass  roots.  From  this  slope  ore  netting  $40,000  at  the  smelter  was  taken,  at  a 
time  when  freight  and  treatment  cost  $30  a  ton.  After  a  long  suspension,  the 
mine  was  worked  by  lessees,  who  operated  in  the  wasteful  manner  to  be  ex- 
pected under  that  system  when  not  properly  controlled,  and  shipped  ore  ag- 
gregating $2.5,000  in  value.  The  old  tunnel  exposes  a  chute  fifty  l^eet  long  and 
five  feet  wide  of  high-grade  silver-lead  ore  carrying  90  ounces  silver,  50  per 
cent,  lead,  and  the  entire  face  of  the  tunnel  Is  In  solid  shipping  ore.  A 
cross-cut  Is  being  run  to  tap  the  ledge  at  a  further  depth  of  seventy-flve 

5eet.     The  cropplngs  of  a  parallel  ledge  have  been  discovered,  showing  six 
eet  of  carbonates  and  two  and  one-half  feet  of  galena. 

Thti  Bonanza,  which  Is  e.leo  reached  from  Spokane  by  the  Spokane  Faljy» 
&  Northern  Railroad  to  Bossburg  and  by  wagon  road  five  miles  In  a  south- 
eaflt*;rly  direction  from  that  town,  recently  fell  Into  the  hands  of  a  numbw 
of  miners  who  held  liens  and  who  have  leased  and  bonded  It  for  two  year* 
to  John  Hanley.  The  cropplngs  show  a  true  fissure  ledge  of  low-grade  ore 
frpm  ten  to  forty  f  .et  wide  between  walls  of  slate,  with  an  ore  chute  800  to 
300  feet  long.     A  sraft  is  down  eighty  feet  and  an  incline  150  feet,  the  latter 


po  Ii 
it  a 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


U3 


on  a  continuous  body  of  ore,  and  a  100-foot  drift  connects  the  two.  Several 
thousand  tons  of  ore  have  been  shipped,  its  character  making  It  desirable 
for  fluxing,  and  three  or  four  car  loads  will  be  shipped  before  the  comlne 
May. 

Traveling,  on  southward,  we  come  next  to  the  Summit  group  of  Ave 
claims,  owned  by  the  Summit  Mining  Company,  ten  miles  by  wagon  road 
from  Addy  Station,  which  Is  seventy-four  miles  by  the  Spokane  Palls  & 
Northern  Railroad  from  Spokane.  This  group  Is  on  a  series  of  five  parallel 
ledges  of  sulphide  and  galena  ore,  one  of  which  Is  In  the  contact  between 
slate  and  dlorlte,  while  the  others  are  In  fissures  in  the  slate.  All  are  dip- 
ping Into  the  mountain  at  such  angles  as  to  encourage  the  belief  that  they 
will  unite  In  a  great  contact  vein  at  a  depth  of  600  feet  or  less.  In  a  130-foot 
shaft  one  ledge  widened  from  thirty  inches  to  five  feet,  maintaining  the 
latter  width  for  the  last  sixty  feet,  and  five  drifts  on  It  are  each  thirty  feet 
long,  all  in  ore.  An  iiverage  sample  of  hand-sorted  ore  assayed  50  ounces 
silver,  53.2  per  cent,  lead,  and  the  whole  ledge  will  concentrate.  On  a  four 
and  one-half  foot  ledge,  120  feet  to  the  west,  a  shaft  Is  down  110  feet,  showing 
quartz  mineralized  throughout  with  galena  and  carrying  occasional  bunches 
of  that  mineral,  with  perfect  walls.  A  flfty-foot  shaft  on  the  same  ledge 
125  feet  further  north  also  shows  it  equally  strong  and  well  defined,  con- 
taining ore  of  which  the  concentrates  will  carry  1%  ounces  silver  to  the 
unit  of  lead.  Another  vein  eight  inches  wide  is  shown  by  a  125-foot  shaft 
to  be  solid  ore  carrying  gray  copper,  silver  and  gold,  and  assaying  $90  to 
$1,000,  one  shipment  having  returned  $155.15  gross,  or  $136.15  net.  About  160 
feet  of  drifts  have  been  run  from  this  shaft  and  a  cross-cut  is  in  forty  feet 
to  tap  the  ore  chute  shown  in  the  croppings.  A  thirty-foot  shaft  on  another 
ledge  show,  three  feet  of  quartz  carrying  gold  and  silver.  The  company  is 
continuing  de  elopment,  shipping  the  high-grade  ore  and  reserving  the 
second-grade,  of  which  tht  re  is  over  1,000  tons  oi  the  dump,  for  concen- 
tration by  a  plant  to  be  erected  in  the  fall.  This  to  will  go  6  into  1  and 
make  concentrates  worth  about  $70  a  ton. 

Three  and  one-half  miles  by  road  northeast  of  Cheweiah,  in  the  Colvllle 
Valley,  which  is  sixty-five  miles  by  the  Sp 
frpm  Spokane,  is  the  Eaglfe  group  of  six 
C.   D.   Tde  and   C.   W.   Ide.      The   cropping 
and  sulphides  of  silver  in  a  limestone  formati( 
deep  respectively  have  been  connected  by  a 
making  an  aggregate  of  2,500  feet  of  development 
chutes  ranging  from   eighteen  inches  to  eight  feet  iii 


Falls  &  Northern  Railroad 
vned  by  I.  S.  Kaufman, 
rge  deposits   of  galena 
1  si  I  and  115  feet 

rlfc,:    if  the  ledge, 

.. .  •  ■  .V  shows  ore 
iiJcknes.s,  connt'  ted 
by  stringers,  and  about  $20,000  worth  of  ore  has  been  taker  mt,  rangin  in 
value  from  26  to  100  ounces  silver,  40  to  70  per  cent.  lead. 

The  Buck  Mountain  group  of  eight  claims,  owned  by  the  Buck  Mountain 
Mining  Company,  is  four  miles  north  of  Cedar  Canyon  and  twelve  miles  %■ 
road  from  Sprlngdale,  which  Is  forty-seven  and  one-half  miles  from  Bnokai.  , 
on  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  Railroad.  One  ledge  is  six  feet  t  in  a 
twenty-two  foot  shaft  and  in  tunnels  sixty  and  forty-five  feet,  wi  how 

eight  Inches  of  solid  galena  and  bunches  of  that  mineral  throu^  ,c  the 
ledge,  growing  more  solid  with  depth.  One  car  load  returned  ii  ounces 
silver,  77i>^  per  cent,  lead,  and  assays  have  averaged  about  that  figure. 
Another  ledge  Is  seven  and  one-half  feet  between  lime  and  granite  walls 
and  in  a  thirty-foot  shaft  shows  chloride  and  gray  copper  ore  throu-rho' 
assaying  64  ounces  silver,  $3  gold,  8  per  cent,  copper.  Another  ledr 
ten  feet  wide  and  carries  chlorides,  which  assay  36  ounces  silver,  12  ■^. 

copper,  $5.20  gold.     Three  claims  are  along  another  ledge  between  sla  .la, 

which  a  forty-foot  shaft  shows  to  widen  from  three  and  one-half  t.  s^ven 
feet.  Three  assays  from  samples  taken  at  increasing  depths  showed  40,  Si 
and  64  ounces  silver  respectively. 

Two  miles  southeast  of  Sprlngdale  by  road  Is  the  Honest  Johns  group 
of  three  claims,  owned  by  the  Honest  Johns  Mining  Company.  The  crop- 
pings sliow  a  sixty-'oot  ledge  containing  lead  carbonates.  A  cross-cut  has 
been  driven  280  fet  .  *o  tap  the  ledge  175  feet  below  the  surface  and  will  dO 
so  in  about  100  feet  „nore.  It  has  cut  a  tlUrty-Inch  stringer  carrying  41  ounces 
stiver,  31  per  cent.  lead  and  $2.20  gold,  besides  20  per  cent,  iron,  which  makes 
it  a  good  fluxing  ore. 


m 
1 


♦•♦♦♦♦♦•♦•♦•^^♦•f 


CEPAB    CANTON. 

About  most  of  the  mining  districts  of  the  Pacific  North^^est  there  Is 
Utile  of  the  romantic  to  make  their  names  live  in  history,  but  Cedar  Canyon 
is  an  exception.  Tl\e  greatest  discovery  there  was  made  accidentally  by  a 
bankrupt  farmer  who  knew  nothing  of  mineral,  and  in  the  face  of  ridicule 
he  persisted  In  shipping  some  apparently  worthless  sand  to  the  smelter. 
When  it  netted  him  good  returris,  other  bankrupts  like  himself  went  Into 
the  distilct,  and  moat  of  them  are  now  comforta^  off,  antt  regard  the 


U4 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


foreclosing  of  mortgages   on  their   farms   as   the   beginning  of  their   good 
fortune. 

For  Cedar  Canyon  the  starting  point  Is  Spokane.  The  Central  Wash- 
ington train  may  be  taken  for  Davenport,  fifty  miles  west.  Then  a  horse 
or  buggy  will  take  one  over  a  good  road  for  thlrty-flve  miles  to  the  head 
of  the  canyon,  which  is  in  the  Huckleberry  Mountains  north  of  the  Spokane 
River.  Over  this  road  the  ore  is  hauled  to  Davenport  In  half  a  day,  It 
having  been  greatly  improved  and  shortened  in  the  last  year.  An  alter- 
native route  is  by  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  Railroad  to  Sprlngdale 
and  thence  by  a  wagon  road  twenty-two  miles,  which  ^^ill  be  shortened 
and  Improved  this  season. 

A  precursor  of  the  discoveries  on  Cedar  Canyon  proper  is  the  Cleveland, 
which  was  found  in  June,  1894,  by  Messrs.  France,  Finsley  and  Lingenfelter, 
who  have  bonded  It  to  Messrs.  Monahan,  King  and  McAulay.  The  ledge  Is 
eight  feet  wide,  carrying  galena,  with  antlmonlal  silver  on  the  surface, 
and  was  tapped  by  a  200-foot  cross-cut.  From  this  a  drift  was  run  150  feet, 
a  winze  sunk  sixty  feet  and  an  upraise  made  for  twenty  feet,  the  ore  being 
-then  stoped  out.'  The  lodge  occasionally  pinches  to  two  feet,  but  has  pro- 
duced about  1,500  tons  of  ore,  of  which  800  tons  shipped  to  the  smelter  assayed 
$2*?  to  $80  a  ton  in  silver  and  lead.  The  main  ledge  has  been  struck  forty 
feet  higher  up  the  mountain  and  carries  25  ounces  silver  and  59  per  cent, 
lead.      This  mine  is  now   operated  under  lease  from   the  owners. 

On  what  Is  probably  the  extension  of  the  Cleveland  ledge  Dr.  J.  P. 
Turney,  A.  W.  Turner,  C.  G.  Snyder,  H.  H.  McMillan  and  C.  E.  Ricnard, 
of  Davenport,  have  the  Bland.  It  is  six  to  eight  feet  between  lime  walls, 
as  shown  by  a  cross-cut,  and  carries  antlmonlal  silver,  cafbonates  of  copper 
and  azurite,  assaying  52  ounces  silver,  5  per  cent,  lead  and  a  trace  of  gold. 

These  locations  were  the  forerunners  of  the  most  valuable  discoveries 
on  Cedar  Canyon,  in  the  course  of  which  the  extent  and  character  of  this 
mineral  belt  has  been  pretty  clearly  defined.  The  country  rock  is  aue'lte 
syenite  overlaid  with  quartzite  100  feet  thick.  The  ledges  associate  closely 
with  phosphate  lime,  which  varies  In  thickness  from  4  to  100  feet.  The  ore 
Is  in  quartz  and  Includes  sulphurets,  which  assay  500  to  2,500  ounces  of  silver 
galena  carrying  20  ounces  ot  silver  to  each  unit  of  lead.  Tne  lead  carries 
considerable  copper,  which  decomposes  and  colors  the  quartz  with  car- 
bonates of  copper  and  lead,  azurite,  malachite  and  yellow  carbonates  of  lead. 
In  some  ledges  there  also  occur  silicate  of  copper  and  sulphide  of  silver  in 
streaks,  as  well  as  a  little  zinc  and  brittle  silver. 

The  discovery  of  the  Cleveland  stirred  up  interest  in  Davenport,  and 
George  Gibson,  B.  O.  Gibson,  Charles  Golden  and  W.  O.  Vanhorn  went 
prospecting  In  Cedar  Canyon  In  August,  1894,  and  Golden  located  the  Deer 
Trail  and  Royal.  One  day,  while  pursuing  two  deer,  Vanhorn  stumb'ed 
over  a  big  quartz  boulder  carrying  f-;alena,  and  immediately  went  prospect- 
ing down  the  mountain,  where  he  and  lils  brother,  Isaac  L.  Vanhorn,  located 
the  Deer  Trail  No.  2.  They  had  pieces  of  the  boulder  assayed  and  found  it 
carried  between  70  and  80  oimces  silver  to  the  ton.  A  tunnel  was  then  run 
for  100  feet  from  the  crupplngs,  partly  through  a  solid  formation  and  partly 
through  red  sand  and  gravel,  but  showed  no  regular  ledge  and  therefore 
was  stopped.  W.  O.  Vanhorn  panned  down  some  of  the  red  sand  for  gold 
but  found  strings  and  flakes  of  native  silver.  He  then  sacked  two  and 
one-half  tons  and  hauled  it  to  Davenport.  After  enduring  much  ridicule 
and  with  great  difficulty  he  raised  enough  money  to  pay  the  freight,  and 
received  in  payment  about  $150  a  ton.  He  theii  shipped  nine  tons  more 
which  brought  him  $1,360. 

The  Deer  Trail  No.  2  Is  now  the  principal  one  of  twelve  adjoining  claims, 
all  owned  by  the  Deer  Trail  No.  2  Mining  Company,  and  has  developed  Into 
one  of  the  best  paying  mines  In  Washington.  It  lias  been  shown  with 
tolerable  certainty  that  the  red  sand,  gravel  ai  :  boulders  into  which  the 
tunnel  ran  is  part  of  a  true  fissure  ledge  whicli  h&a  either  broken  off  and 
settled  with  the  settling  of  the  mountain,  or  has  been  heated  and  decom- 
posed by  the  slaking  of  the  lime  walls.  The  reak-over  pitches  into  the 
mountain  at  an  angle  of  only  15  degrees,  so  Uiat  the  face  of  a  200-foot 
tunnel  Is  only  seventy-five  feet  beneath  thi-  surface.  The  red  sand  is 
simply  rich  mineralized  quartz,  decomposed  and  acted  on  by  fire  due  to 
the  slaking  of  the  lime.  The  croppings  carried  28  ounces  in  the  form  of 
black  sulphurets  and  galena.  A  tunnel  run  180  feet  Into  the  mountain 
from  this  point  showed  the  ore  in  a  vein  one  to  six  t<et  thick  '■uttlnr 
through  lime  and  quartzLte  and  pitching  east  about  15  degrees,  winle  the 
country  formation  ran  almost  perpendicularly  Into  the  hill.  As  the  tunnel 
ran  In  the  ore  grew  richer  and  began  to  show  green  carbonates  of  copper 
azurite,  malachite,  oxycarbonate  of  lead,  native  silver  In  strings  and  flakes 
and  steel  galena.  The  flakes  of  native  silver  are  sometimes  as  large  as  a 
silver  dollar  and  thin  as  tin  foil.  The  first  car  load  from  near  the  mouth 
of  this  tunnel  netted  $237  at  the  smelter,  the  second  over  1600,  the  third  SI  000 
and  they  Inbreased  in  value  until  one  car  load  netted  over  $2,900.  A  Quaker 
of  a  car  load  shipped  later  carried  6,600  ounces  to  the  ton.  As  the  tunnel 
advanced  up  the  hill  on  the  pitch  of  the  vein,  the  latter  grew  thinner,  until 
at  last  it  raq,  out  altogether. 


»«t8  '■!.  nic  »«oi 


INDEX  TO  MIMEMD  CUIMS. 


t.  Bater  Hilbert. 

la.  Brooks. 

2.  Nancy  Hanks. 

19.  Dixit  Qneen. 

3.  Home  Stake 

20.  Moonshine. 

1.  kairview. 

31.  Elephant. 

6.  Bin*  (!r(Hi»e  Ext  i 

22.  LcKAl  Tender 

6.  Horn  Silver. 

28.  Victoria. 

7.  Plata  hna. 

24    ProviUence. 

8.  ruta  Rica. 

21').  Bao;on. 

9.  SuMla/  Morning. 

26.  Deer  Trail  .So.  2. 

10.  Saturday  Nigbt 

27.  Royal 

11.  CloBter. 

28.  Deer  TraU  Na  l. 

12.  Silver  Daain. 

29.  Hoodoo  No.  2. 

13.  Brittle  Silver. 

30.  Hoodoo  No.  1. 

14.  Sbaata. 

31.  Hoodoo  Eit. 

16.  Lone  Star 

32.  Josephine 

16.  Teoderfont    . 

33.  Idaho. 

17.  Silver  Qi^eea. 

M.  Cleveland. 

CEDAR  CAiWON 


8TEV£N9  COUNTY. 
WASHINGTON. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


m 


The  theory  as  to  there  being  a  ledge  In  place  was  confirmed  when  Nc.  S 
tunnel  was  started  further  south,  for  It  was  found  close  to  the  mouth, 
running  down  almost  perpendicularly  with  the  country  formation  between 
walls  of  lime  phosphate  and  syenite.  Several  tunnels  have  been  run  Into 
the  ledge  100  feet  below  the  highest  workings,  where  it  is  still  three  to  ttve 
feet  wide  and  Is  straightening  up,  dipping  at  an  angle  of  40  degrees.  From 
one  of  these  tunnels  a  drift  has  been  run  100  feet  one  way  and  fifty  feet  the 
other,  showing  up  more  solid  ore,  carrying  sulphides  and  galena,  of  about 
the  same  value  as  that  above.  This  proves  the  permanence  of  the  ledge, 
which  evidently  charges  ItP  pitch  according  to  the  disturbance  which  liaB 
occurred  in  the  mountah. 

When  development  began  on  a  large  scale  tunnels  were  run  at  five  dif- 
ferent places,  showing  up  the  ledge  for  about  600  feet  in  length.  There  Is 
now  an  extensive  system  of  tunnels  and  drifts  aggregating  about  2,000  Caet. 
As  the  ledge  Is  almost  level,  the  ore  was  stoped  out  from  the  side  of  the 
tunnels  and  the  old  workings  were  filled  up  with  the  waste  material.  Aa 
work  progressed.  It  showed  the  ore  varying  in  thickness  from  one  to  Six 
feet.  It  is  richest  at  the  thinnest  points,  the  red  sand  carrying  most  val'ie 
and  being  either  distributed  through  or  lying  on  top  of  the  other  mlneraL 
The  ore  Is  so  soft  that  It  can  be  mined  with  pick  and  shovel  and  often 
crumbles  In  the  fingers,  but  the  increased  cost  of  timbering  and  sorting 
offsets  the  saving  In  powder.  Smelter  returns  have  averaged  about  $150  a 
ton  and  have  ranged  from  l.'H)  to  500  ounces  of  silver,  from  $2  to  $20  gold  and 
7  per  cent,  lead,  but  some  s.ssays  have  run  as  high  as  3,000  and  as  low  as  10 
ounces.  Only  ore  running  over  80  ounces  In  silver  has  been  shipped  and 
there  Is  now  a  quantity'  of  this  low-grade  ore  on  the  dump  estimated  to 
contain  500,000  ounces.  In  addition  therg  Is  a  vein  of  sand  In  the  mine 
fourteen  inches  wide  above  and  below  the  main  ore  body  which  contains 
about  20  ounces  silver  per  ton  and  which  has  not  yet  been  disturbed.  Nego- 
tiations are  in  progress  for  the  erection  of  a  concentrator  In  the  district  to 
do  a  customs  business  and  treat  this  large  accumulation  of  ore. 

Dividends  have  been  paid  aggregating  over  $40,000,  in  addition  to  the 
amounts  divided  among  the  owners  before  the  property  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  corporation. 

The  Deer  Trail  ledge  has  been  traced  to  the  south  through  the  Jolly  Boy, 
owned  by  W.  A.  Crawford,  J.  A.  Cameron  and  Seth  T.  Emerson,  and  the 
Elephant  and  Moonshine,  and  to  the  north  through  the  Royal. 

The  discovery  of  another  ledge  on  the  other  side  of  the  canyon  followed 
that  of  the  Deer  Trail  and  this  has  been  traced  through  a  string  of  claims 
for  16.500  feet.  It  was  found  by  C.  W.  Burdsal  and  C.  T.  Porter,  who  located 
the  Saturday  Night,  Sunday  Morning  and  Plata  Rica.  On  the  Saturday 
Night  a  100-foot  shaft  and  thirty-five  foot  drift  showed  two  to  five  feet  of 
ore,  tVvo  tons  of  which,  shipped  from  the  fifty-foot  level,  returned  71  ounces 
silver  at  the  smelter.  In  the  second  fifty  feet  the  shaft  ran  through  ore 
carrying  150  to  200  ounces,  on  which  a  drift  is  being  run  at  the  100-foot  level. 
A  ledge  eighteen  inches  wide  is  shown  up  In  a  cross-cut  and  a  fifteen-foot 
shaft  on  the  Sunday  Morning,  with  streaks  one  to  three  inches  wide  carrying 
sulphurets  running  into  it.  A  shaft  la  down  on  the  Plata  Rica  ledge  six 
feet  wide,  carrying  streaks  of  ore  two  to  twelve  Inches  wide,  and  a  cross-out 
taps  the  ledge  below  In  about  330  feet,  one  shipment  giving  good  returns. 

.As good  property  on  the  same  ledge  is  the  Plata  Fina,  owntd  by  Messrs. 
Burdsal,  Porter  and  T.  Q.  Small.  An  eighty-foot  shaft  shows  three  feet 
of  ore,  on  which  considerable  drifting  has  been  done  ana  the  first  shipment 
gave  good  returns.  On  the  Delaware  Harvey  Jones  has  tunneled  about 
100  feet  on  a  four-foot  ledge.  The  Vanhorn  brothers  have  sunk  eighty-five 
feet  on  the  Silver  Queen,  showing  four  feet  of  good  ore;  Mr.  Keeler  has 
tunneled  on  the  Pride  of  the  Valley  with  yood  repultf?;  and  the  ledge  has 
been  cross-cut  on  the  Oro  Pino  by  J.  F.  Conkllng.  The  Esther  Hilbert  group 
of  seven  claims,  owned  by  Len  Coombs,  Fred  Lauer,  H.  Al  en,  I.  Brtslauer 
and  Charles  Young,  has  a  shaft  down  fifteen  feet  on  a  thin  streak  of  ore 
carrying  40  to  200  ounces  silver,  and  the  ledge  has  been  cross-cut  100  feet 
deeper  by  a  160-foot  tunnel,   from   which  a  drift  has  been  run  100  feet  on 

Discoveries  were  extended  last  year  In  all  directions  from  Cedar  Canyon. 
At  the  head  of  Ovopathan  Creek  Alfred  Hughes  and  John  O  Le^^y  have  the 
Highland  Chief  on  a  four  and  one-half  foot  ledge  betveen  walls  of  granite 
and  lime,  the  ore  carrying  carbonates  of  copper  and  sulphurets  of  silver^ 
and  assaying  120  ounces  silver.  On  the^  Rattler  group  of  two  claims  seven 
miles  west  of  Cedar  Canyon.  Dr.  J.  P.  Turney  and  others  have  a  large 
broken  ledge  of  decomposed  quartz  carrying  n  *«  300  ounces  silver.  A  shaft 
is  down  sixty  feet  on  the  broken  ledge  and  another  thirty-e  ght  feet  on  the 
solid  ledge  matter.  ,  ,       ,       a  ^i^^^t  a^<»«»ur 

This  district  has  the  distinction  of  having  been  developed  almost  enUr^ly 
by  the  original  prospectors  with  the  money  they  took  out  of  the  Krcuad, 
the  sole  exception  being  the  Deer  Trail  No.  2,  which  '«  PYJ"^,ftHl.*^lrii|"the 

Ano<j..«r  section  tributary  to  Davenport  Is^the  ^rypt  District,  n^r^  the 
confluence  of  the  Spokane  and  Co  "^bla  Rlvo-s,  where  great  ledges  ^o^ 
quartzlte  jut  out  In  the  canyon  walls.     At  the  toot  of  Pitney  Butte  is  th* 


11« 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Egrypt,  owned  by  Charles  Grutt  and  sons,  of  Davenport,  on  which  a  four-foot 
ledge  of  galena  is  tapped  by  a  120-foot  cross-cut  and  is  opened  by  a  tunnel. 
On  the  Silver  Queen,  Greenville  Blake  has  shown  eighteen  Inches  of  galena 
ore,  assaying  60  to  130  ounces  silver,  besides  copper  and  lead,  by  sinking  a 
forty-eight  foot  shaft,  from  which  he  has  drifted  sixty-five  fett.  On  Mill 
Canyon,  ten  miles  from  Davenport,  C.  G.  Snyder,  H.  A.  P.  Myers,  Dr.  J.  P. 
Turney,  H.  H.  McMillan  and  Charles  L.  Young,  all  of  Davenport,  have  the 
Iron  Crown  group  of  five  claims  on  four  parallel  ledges,  assaying  from  $3.3 
upward  in  gold.  One  ledge  is  shown  thirty  feet  wide  by  a  thirty-foot  shaft 
and  thirty-foot  cross-cut  at  the  bottom.  A  cross-cut  100  feet  below  has 
tapped  the  second  ledge,  sixteen  feet  wide,  assaying  7  per  cent,  copper,  and 
is  being  extended  to  the  first  ledge.  A  mile  south  of  this  group  C.  L.  Young, 
W.  K.  Snyder,  C.  G.  Snyder,  Q.  E.  Brown  and  J.  T.  Young  have  the  Elkhorn, 
on  which  a  forty-foot  cross-cut  has  tapped  eighteen  Inches  of  galena  ore. 
On  the  United  Workman  group  of  two  claims  Dr.  Q'urney  and  C.  L.  Young 
have  sunk  a  shaft  twenty-six  feet  on  a  six  and  one-half  foot  ledge  carrying 
gold  and  silver,  while  a  tunnel  showed  ore  in  ten  feet,  assaying  12  ounces 
silver,  $3  gold.  The  John  L.,  near  Fort  Spokane,  owned  by  Col.  William 
Ridpath,  has  a  125-foot  shaft  on  a  ledge  carrying  galena,  a  sample  shipment 
of  which  netted  $135.     A  tunnel  is  being  run  on  the  ledge. 


MINERAL    CREEK. 

In  a  broad  belt  of  limestone  cut  by  Mineral  Creek  and  on  a  spur  from 
Mount  Rainier,,  between  Green  River  and  the  Summit  district,  is  a.  scries  of 
mineral  ledges  carrying  gold,  silver  and  copper  in  various  forms,  principally 
galena,  on  which  citizens  of  Tacoma,  Centralia  and  Chehalls  have  done  a 
large  amount  of  development.  The  first  discovery  was  made  in  July,  1891,  by 
John  T.  Davis  and  James  A.  Evans  and  prospecting  has  traced  the  belt  across 
to  Washington  and  Bear  Creeks.  The  country  rock  is  dolomite  and  the  ledges 
are  In  fissures  In  slate,  running  northeast  and  southwest,  the  gangue  being 
•calctte  and  talc. 

The  district  is  tributary  to  Tacoma,  being  fifty-four  miles  southeast  of  that 
city.  The  route  Is  by  the  county  road  from  Tacoma  to  Elbe,  on  the  Nisqually 
rlyer,  the  Lewis  county  road  thence  to  the  mouth  of  Mineral  Creek  and  a  trail 
for  seven  miles  to  the  head  of  the  creek. 

The  first  discovery  wa?  the  Waterfall,  by  Messrs.  Davis  and  Evans,  on 
the  middle  ledge  of  five  which  are  cut  by  Mineral  Creek  and  are  almost 
parallel.  On  these  the  Davis  &  Evans  Mining  Company  has  fourteen,  claims, 
which  it  Is  developing.  Nearest  the  mouth  of  the  creek  is  the  Iron  Mine, 
which  shows  brown  hematite,  cii  frying  gold  and  silver  in  the  cropplngs,  and 
Is  said  to  have  sixteen  feet  of  soild  ore  carrying  flo  to  $18  gola  and  silver.  A 
thirty-foot  shaft  is  down  on  the  ore  body.  The  Contact  has  a  twenty-foot 
ledge  with  several  streaks'  of  galena  aggregating  four  feet  and  assaying  about 
$40  gold  and  silver.  Tunnels  have  been  driven  140  and  100  feet  and  connected 
by  a  winze  and  a  shaft  is  down  seventy  feet,  with  several  cross-cuts  and  drifts 
from  It.  From  these  workings  a  large  quantity  of  ore  has  been  taken  and  is 
ready  to  ship.  On  the  Waterfall  a  thirty-foot  shaft  and  tunnels  twenty  and 
forty  feet  have  shown  four  feet  of  ore  of  the  same  grade  as  the  Contact. 

On  the  south  fork  of  Mineral  Creek  this  company  has  the  Tacoma  on  a 
body  of  ore  seventy  feet  wide,  which  a  surface  cross-cut  shows  to  have 
sulphides  of  manganese  disseminated  throughout  the  ledge  matter,  while 
assays  show  It  to  carry  $4  and  more  in  gold. 

On  the  Eliza,  the  Mineral  Creek  Mining  Company  hi^s  a  twenty-foot  ledge, 
on  which  a  tunnel  over  1C»0  feet  long  shows  three  to  four  feet  of  galena  ore. 
The  same  company  has  driven  a  tunnel  forty  feet  on  the  Goldle,  showing  a 
still  larger  body  of  ore. 

On  the  Mary  Ann,  Dr.  C.  B.  Martin  has  three  ledges,  eighteen  inches  to 
four  feet  wide,  showing  good  pay  streaks  In  tunnels  fifteen,  tv/enty-flve  and 
forty  feet  long. 

On  the  Mashell  river,  within  three  miles  of  the  wa«on  road,  the  Co- 
operative Mining  Syndicate  of  Seattle  is  developing  the  Jessie  Harper  group  of 
nine  claims.  These  are  on  a  ledge  of  free  milling  quartz,  wMch  has  been 
oncovered  at  several  points,  and  is  thus  shown  to  be  continuous  for  over  500 
feet,  while  a  twenty-foot  shaft  and  several  surface  cross-cuts  show  eight  feet 
of  gold-bearing  quartz.  The  surface  ore  averages  $3  to  $5  gold  and  assays 
have  run  aa  high  as  $02.  A  cross-cut,  now  in  105  feet,  will  tap  the  ledge  thirty- 
five  feet  further  at  a  point  below  the  shaft.  Gold  has  been  panned  out  of  the 
creek  below  this  property  and  Is  presumed  to  have  been  washed  out  of  the 
ledge. 

The  wagon  road  could  be  extended  to  the  Jessie  Harper  and  up  Mlnural 
Creek  at  moderate  expense. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


UT 


TRAIL    CREEK. 


The  element  of  romance  in  the  business  of  mining,  which  Kives  it  a  fas- 
cination for  those  unfamiliar  with  its  dry  technical  details,  is  partlcularlv 
strong  in  the  history  of  the  development  of  Trail  Creek.  It  is  the  story  of 
Bj  few  pluclcy,  determined  men  in  an  almost  bankrupt  city  engaging  in  a  min- 
ing venture  in  a  wild,  remote  section  of  the  British  Columbia  mountains  and 
proving  to  be  of  Incalculable  value  mineral  deposits  which  men  of  'lon^ 
training  and  experience  had  pronounced  worthless.  It  is  the  story  of  per- 
severance in  the  face  of  poverty,  the  incredulity  of  neighbors  and  every 
natural  obstacle.  The  climax  of  this  story  is  the  dividends  paid  by  the 
principal  Trail  Creek  mines,  the  return  of  prosperity  to  Spokane,  whose 
citizens  had  pinned  their  faith  to  and  risked  their  scanty  means  In  those 
mines,  the  growth  of  the  city  of  Rossland  in  the  mountain  wilds  and  th& 
haste  with  which  mining  experts  revised  their  theories  to  fit  the  indisputable- 
facts.  A  new  era  of  mining  activity  in  the  Pacific  Northwest  began  with 
the  development  of  Trail  Creek,  and  to  Spokane  belongs  the  honor  of  having 
opened  that  era  when  doubt  and  fear  paralyzed  the  energies  of  other  com- 
munities. 

The  Trail  Creek  Mining  District  is  in  the  Gold  Range  of  mountains  and 
extends  six  miles  northward  from  the  boundary  and  seven  miles  westward 
from  the  Columbia  River,  its  center  being  Rossland,  at  an  elevation  of  3  200 
feet  above  sea  level.  The  trail  built  by  the  British  Columbia  Government 
on  a  line  surveyed  by  Lieut.  George  Dewdney  in  1865,  in  order  to  open  a  way 
from  the  Coast  to  the  Wild  Horse  District  during  the  placer  mining  excite- 
ment, passes  through  the  district  and  gives  its  name  to  Trail  Creek.  The 
principal  mines  are  on  a  line  of  rounded  peaks  north  of  RosslanJ,  of  which 
Red  Mountain  is  the  chief,  with  Spokane  and  O.  K.  Mountains  on  the  west 
and  Monte  Cristo  and  Columbia  Mountains  on  the  east;  also  on  Deer  Park 
and  Lake  Mountains  south  of  the  town,  through  which  runs  what  is- 
known  as  the  South  Belt.  Discoveries  have  also  extended  to  Grouse  Mount- 
ain, four  miles  to  the  south,  directly  on  the  boundary,  and  eastward  to 
Lookout  Mountain,  overlooking  the  confluence  of  Trail  Creek  with  the 
Columbia  River.  It  is  now  accessible  by  two  lines  of  railroad.  From  Spo- 
kane the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  and  Columbia  &  Red  Mountain  Railroads 
run  trains  through  to  Rdssland,  a  distance  of  147  miles,  a  ferry  conveying 
the  trains  across  the  Columbia  River  pending  the  erection  of  a  bridge.  An 
alternative  route  is  to  leave  the  railroad  at  Northport  and  take  a  steamer 
up  the  Columbia  River  twenty-five  miles  to  Trail,  and  then  go  by  the  Colum- 
bia &  Western  train  thirteen  miles  to  Rossland.  Prom  Vancouver  one  goes 
bv  the  Canadian  Pacific  to  Revelstoke.  379  miles,  thence  by  a  branch  line  lo 
AVrowhead  and  by  steamer  down  the  Arrow  Lakes  and  the  Columbia  River 
to  Trail,  whence  the  Columbia  &  Western  train  will  take  one  to   Rossland. 

The  geology  of  the  district  is  described  in  much  detail  in  a  report  by 
R.  G.  McConnell  to  the  British  Columbia  department  of  mines  on  the  south- 
ern half  of  West  Kootenai.     He  says: 

"The  most  notable  feature  in  the  geology  of  the  district  examined  Is  the 
marked  predominance  of  rocks  of  igneous  origin.  Two  great  series  are  rep- 
resented, of  which  the  older  consipts  mostly  of  porphyrites,  diabases,  gabbros, 
tuffs  and  agglomerates,  and  the  younger  of  granites." 

Further  on,  he  thus  describes  the  eruptive  rocks  in  and  around  Rossland: 

"At  Rossland,  the  central  member  of  the  group,  is  a  fine  to  coarse- 
grained gabbro,  apparently  passing  in  a  couple  of  places  into  a  uralitlc  gran- 
ite. The  gabbros  occupy  an  irregular-shaped  area  with  a  length  of  about  four 
miles  and  an  average  width  of  one  mile.  They  extend  from  Deer  Park 
Mountain  eastward  to  the  westward  base  of  Lookout  Mountain.  Thfe  line  of 
junction  between  the  gabbros  and  bordering  porphyrites,  commencing  at  the 
northwest  corner  of  the  area,  runs  south  through  the  Cliff,  War  Eagle  and 
Ijs  RoI  claims,  then,  turning  to  the  west,  circles  round  a  spur  from  the  main 
area  which  covers  part  of  Deer  Park  Mountain  and  continues  eastward  in 
a  sinuous  line,  passing  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  north  of  the  Crown  Point 
mine  to  the  foot  of  the  west  slope  of  Lookout  Mountain.  The  northern  edge 
of  the  area  runs  from  the  Cliff  mine  eastward  to  Monte  Cristo  Mountain, 
then  bends  more  to  the  south,  skirting  the  southern  base  of  the  Kootenal- 
("olumbla  Mountain,  continues  in  a  southeasterly  direction  towards  Lookout 
Mountain.  The  eastern  edge  of  the  area  has  not  been  precisely  defined, 
owing  to  the  absence  of  sufficient  expu^sures.  The  gabbros  are  fringed  with 
a  varying  width  of  augite  and  uralite  porphyrites,  and  fine-grained  diabases. 
The  passage  from  the  porphyrites  to  the  gabbros  is  nowhere  sharply  defined 
and  the  two  rocks  have  apparently  originated  from  the  same  magma,  but 
have  cooled  under  different  conditions.  » 

"The  gabbros  and  bordering  porphyrites  are  Important  from  an  economic 
f=tandpolnt,  as  most  of  the  ore  bodies  at  present  being  -vVorked  are  situated 
either  on  or  close  to  their  line  of  junction.     In  passing  outward  from  the- 


118 


MINING    IN    THE    rACIFIC    NORTHWK8T. 


gabbro  area,  a  section  taken  at  almost  any  point  shows  a  borderlngr  zone 
of  brecclated  porphvrltes  ami  diabases  of  varying  width,  but  seldom  exceed- 
ing a  mile,  beyond  which  comes  an  alternating  series  of  porphyrltes,  tuffs 
and  slates,  and  still  farther  away  agglomerates,  associated  In  places  w  th 
fosslUferous  limestone,  make  their  appearance.  Slates  and  luffs  occur  with 
the  porphvrltes  on  lied  Mountain,  on  Kootenai-Columbia  Mountujn  and  south 
of  the  gabbro  area  on  Lake  and  Hald  Mountains,  and  the  ridges  running 
south  from  them.  Agglomerates  make  up  the  main  mass  of  Sophia  Mountain 
and  occur  with  slates,  tuffs  and  porphyrltes  on  Granite,  Spokane,  (.rouse 
and  Lookout  Mountains,  and  on  the  ridge  immediately  east  of  Sheep  Creek.  ' 

Mr.  MeConndl  believes  the  ore  bodies  to  be  replacement  veins  along 
lines  of  rissurlng  and  gives  his  reasons  In  the  following  langiutge: 

"The  blunt  irregular  outlines  of  some  oi'  the  ore  bodies  and  their  llssure- 
llke  regularity  In  others,  the  presence  in  most  cases  of  a  singli!  wall  which 
Is  often  meaningless  as  a  confining  line,  and  the  occasional  lack  of  any  wall, 
the  gradual  blending  of  tbe  ore  with  the  country  rock  and  the  presence  of 
the  latter  as  the  principal  gangue,  are  all  characters  consistent  with  the 
disposition  of  the  ore  from  ascending  heated  waters,  which  have  eaten  away 
portions  of  the  country  rock  along  lines  of  fracturing  and  replaced  it  by 
the  minerals  held  in  solution.  The  definite  and  approximately  parallel  direc- 
tion and  dip  of  the  majority  of  the  Rossland  leads,  the  sUlclous  characver 
of  many  of  the  ores  and  the  presence  of  calcspar  In  seams  and  Irregular 
pockets,  tell  against  the  theory  of  original  segregation,  which  has  of  lafe 
years  been  applied  to  somewhat  similar  depotiits  in  dlffewmt  parts  of  the 
world,  while  the  ordinary  earmarks  of  fissure  veins,  as  usiially  understood, 
are  seldom  observable." 

The  geological  formation  Is  described  in  language  which  will  appeal  more 
to  the  ordinary  mind  by  C.  C.  Woodhouse,  the  mining  engineer  of  Rossland. 
He  describes  it  as  a  patch  about  four  by  two  miles.  In  which  the  gabbro 
••ock  broke  through  the  older  formation  and  overflowed,  Just  as  water  pours 
through  a  hole  broken  in  Ice.  The  richest  ore  bodies  are  on  the  line  of  frac- 
ture In  the  original  formation,  and  other  belts  of  gold-bearing  chalcopyrlte 
and  pyrrhotlte  In  gabbro  and  diorite  are  found  where  similar  eruptions  have 
occurred. 

In  this  formation  the  ledges  are  easily  located  In  almost  every  Instance 
by  the  red  capping  of  oxidized  iron,  varying  In  thickness  from  a  few  Inches 
to  twenty  feet.  Ihls  contains  but  little  gold  or  sliver  and  this  fact  caused 
the  condemnation  of  the  ore  bodies  as  worthless  by  the  experts.  But  when 
the  capping  is  broken  through,  the  ledges  are  found  to  contain  great  bodies 
of  pyrltlc  ores— pyrite,  pyrrhotite,  chalcopyrlte,  arsenopyrlte — carrying  gold 
in  increasing  quantity  as  depth  is  attained,  with  about  3  ounces  of  silver, 
and  copper  ranging  from  2  to  22  per  cent.  Towards  the  west,  tl.'>  ores  are 
more  sillclous,  as  in  the  O.  K.,  I.  X.  L.  and  other  mines,  and  Are  frea  milling 
and  concentrating,  pyrites  occurring  only  In  streaks.  On  the  South  Belt 
the  sliver  value  Is  much  higher  than  on  the  north  belt,  and  galena  Is  not 
infrequently  associated  with  the  pyrites.  The  average  value  of  the  ore  so 
far  shipped  Is  about  $37,  though  In  the  deeper  levels  of  the  Le  Roi  and  Center 
Star  chutts  have  be£n  struck  which  ran  over  $100  In  value. 

In  his  report  of  August,  1S96,  on  this  district,  William  A.  Carlyle,  the  pro- 
vincial mineralogist  of  British  Columbia,  says: 

"Much  prospect  work  has  shown  clearly  that  here  is  a  large  system  of 
lines  of  fracture  w'lth  an  east  by  west  and  northeast  by  southwest  trend, 
and  a  persistent  northerly  dip.  along  which  more  or  less  ore  has  concen- 
trated, either  as  bodies  of  solid  sulphides  or  sulphides  scattered  through  the 
country  rock.  Some  of  these  fissures  can  apparently  be  traced  through 
several  1,500-foot  claims,  and  along  them  are  the  large  ore  chutes  now  being 
mined  or  developed,  the  maximum  width  of  pay  ore  so  far  being  about  thirty- 
five  feet,  and  maximum  length  310  fett.  Many  of  these  fissures  have  been 
or  are  now  being  prospected,  and  In  many  instances  with  surface  indications 
of  the  most  unfavorable  character,  the  improvement  has  been  very  marked 
in  the  increase  of  the  amount  of  ore  and  Its  value,  and  the  great  probability 
that  more  rich  ore  chutes  will  be  found  by  following  these  fissures  has  made 
all  such  property  valuable,  and  is  deciding  the  commencement  of  extensive 
exploratory  work.  Again,  large  chutes  of  low-grade  ore,  mostly  the  coarse- 
grained magnetic  Iron  pyrites  or  pyrrhotlte,  assaying  from  traces  to  $6  to  $8 
In  gold,  have  been  found  and  are  being  explored  for  better  grade  ore,  and 
so  far  with  some  success." 

Mr.  Carlyle  classifies  the  ores  as  follows,  exclusive  of  the  free  milling 
quartz  of  the  O.  K.  mine: 

"(a)  Those  large  deitoslts  of  coarse-grained  massive  pyrrhotlte,  locally 
known  as  the  'Iron  ore,'  In  which  very  little  or  no  value  In  gold  is  carried. 

"(b)  The  ore  found  in  many  claims  on  the  South  Belt,  as  the  Lily  May, 
Homestake,  Mayflower,  Curlew,  Gopher.  R.  B.  Lee,  etc..  In  which  the  sul- 
phides are  not  pyrrhotlte,  but  iron  pyrites  and  marcaslte  (white  Iron),  with 
In  some  of  these  mines  much  arsenopyrlte,  and  also  zinc  blende  and  even 
galena,  in  which  case  the  silver  value  exceeds  the  gold,  and  the  percentage 
of  copper  Is  very  small  or  nothing. 

"(c)    The, typical  ore  of  the  camp  as  sold  by  the   Le  Rol,   War  Eagle, 


Afiil 


MmiNQ    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Ill 


Iron  Mask,  or  Josle,  in  divided  Into  nrBt-clans  and  second-class.  The  flrst- 
class  conalsts  of  nearly  masalve  fine-drained  pyrrliotlte  and  copper  pyrites, 
osmetlmes  with  a  Itth  masnetlte,  or  misplokel,  with  more  or  less  quartz 
and  calclte.  In  this  crlass  of  ore,  as  Rot  from  the  lowest  workings  of  the 
Li6  Rol.  the  amount  of  quartz  Is  muoh  higher,  tho  nmelter  retiirnH  eivlnir 
41  to  52.8  per  cent,  silica,  and  20.6  to  2U.8  per  cent.  FeO.,  but  this  is  provlni 
the  best  ore  In  the  mine.  The  average  smelter  returns  were  on  1,200  tons, 
2.6  ounces  of  gold,  1.8  ounces  of  sliver,  and  2.5  per  cent,  of  copper,  or  $53.05 
net  per  ton,  while  some  shipments  went  as  high  iis  4.06  ounces  In  gold 

The  second-class  ore,  and  the  bulk  of  the  ore  of  the  amp  shipped  will 
be  most  probably  of  this  character  and  value,  is  a  dloritc  with  a  compara- 
tively small  percentage  of  these  sulphides,  but  the  value  is  still  very  good' 
1,800  tons  of  the  Le  Kol.  second  class,  yielded  bv  smelter  returns  an  average' 
of  1.34  ounces  of  gold,  1.4  ounces  of  sliver,  and  l.C  per  cent,  copper  of  $27  97 
net  per  ton." 

The  first  discovery  In  this  district  was  made  In  1887  by  George  Bowman 
and  George  I.ayson,  who  had  assays  m.ide  showing  the  ore  to  run  nigh  In 
silver.  They  kept  their  secret  so  well  that,  although  others  followed  their 
trail,  It  was  not  till  two  years  later  that  Oliver  Bordeau  and  Newlin  Hoover 
traced  it  to  a  ledge  on  the  South  Belt,  on  which  they  located  the  Lily  May 

The  first  locations  on  Red  Mountain  were  made  on  July  7,  18S0  by  Jo.se'ph 
Bourjouis  and  Joseph  Morris,  and  were  the  Center  Star,  War  Eagle  Idaho 
and  Virginia.  They  also  staked  out  the  Le  Rot  and  took  samples  for  assay 
These  gave  such  low  values  that  they  readily  accepted  an  ofter  of  E  S 
Topping,  the  mining  recorder  at  Nelson,  B.  C,  to  take  one  of  the  claims  lii 
lieu  of  his  fees.  B'lng  offered  his  choic.\  he  took  the  Le  Rol.  About  the 
same  time  the  Josle  was  located  by  Harry  Sherrin  for  himself  and  R.  E 
Lemon,  of  Nelson. 

Mr.  Topping  obtained  samples  from  the  Le  Rol  and,  taking  them  seventy 
miles  to  Colvllle,  Wash.,  received  assays  showing  as  high  as  $500  gold.  He 
showed  his  specimens  to  George  M.  Forster  and  Col.  William  Ridpath  two 
Spokane  attorneys  who  were  attending  court,  and  they  induced  him  to  go 
to  Spokane  and  show  the  oi-e  to  Oliver  Durant,  an  experienced  mining  en- 
gineer. That  gentleman  bonded  slxteen-thlrtleths  of  the  claim  for  six 
months  for  $30,000.  and  was  Joined  in  the  venture  by  a  coterie  of  law  vers,  in- 
cluding Messrs.  Forster  and  Kldiiath,  Senator  George  Turner,  CoL  W.  W.  D. 
Turner  and  Frank  Graves,  agreeing  to  do  $3,000  worth  of  work  during  the  six 
months.  This  was  In  November.  1890,  and  In  the  following  sprlni?  a  shaft 
was  down  thirty-five  feet  in  ore  which  ran  as  high  as  $472.  The  bond  was 
taken  up.  Mr.  Topping's  remaining  interest  was  bouglit  and  the  Le  Rol  Min- 
ing &  Smelting  Company  was  organized.  In  the  fall  of  1891  the  first  car  load 
was  packed  out  and  shipped  to  a  smelter  at  Butte,  where  It  returned  $SG.40  In 
gold,  sliver  and  copper. 

Despite  this  evidence  of  the  possibilities  before  the  Le  Rol,  the  stock  was 
long  a  drug  on  the  n  irket,  and  stories  abound  of  liow  It  was  accepted  at  a 
few  cents  a  share  with  much  grumbling,  in  payment  of  debts  to  persons  who 
have  since  been  made  rich  by  it.  A  boarding-house  keeper  took  It  in  pay- 
ment of  a  board  bill  hopelessly  In  arrears,  a  sten<i);rat)her  accepted  It  for 
arrears  of  salary  because  It  was  "Hobson's  choice":  a  tailor  took  it  In  pay- 
ment for  a  suit  of  clothes.  All  accepted  it  under  protest,  hut  stored  it  away 
in  the  hope  that  "it  might  be  worth  something  some  day."  uiul  many  have 
thus  acquired  unexpected  riches. 

The  Le  Rol  Is  not  only  the  bonanza  but  the  pioneer  of  the  camp,  for  it 
was  not  until  189;i  that  the  development  of  other  properties  began,  and  In  the 
summer  of  that  year  a  wagcn  road  was  cut  to  Trail  landing,  and  the  first 
load  of  Le  Rol  ore  was  hauled  out.  The  construction  of  a  road  down  Sheep 
Creek  to  Northport,  sixteen  miles  distant,  soon  followed,  and  the  camp 
emerged  from  the  prospetit In^  to  the  mining  and  shipping  stage  of  its  career. 
Early  In  1896  the  Columbia  &  Western  narrow  gauge  railroad  was  bnllt  from 
Trail,  on  the  Columbia  River,  to  Rossland,  by  F.  August  Helnze,  who  has 
also  built  a  pyrltic  smelting  plant  at  Trail  with  a  capacity  of  350  to  100  tons 
a  day,  and  Is  continually  enlarging  It.  Last  year  also  the  Columbia  &  Red 
Mountain  Railroad,  standard  gauge,  was  built  from  Northport  to  Rossland. 
as  an  extension  of  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern,  and  thus  the  camp  now  has 
all-rail  connections,  which  will  receive  their  finiHhIng  stroke  with  the  com- 
pletion of  the  bridge  now  under  construction  across  the  Columliia  at  North- 
port. 

The  Le  Rol  property  Includes  two  claims  and  a  fraction  on  lUd  Mountain, 
having  »>  cappdng  six  to  fourteen  feet  wide,  tracable  for  200  to  300  feet 
in  a  northeast  and  .'(outhweat  direction.  This  capping  covered  a  chute  of 
pyrrhotlte  and  some  chalcopyrlte  for  the  whole  distance,  until  at  the  west 
end  the  ledge  branches  into  two  or  three  smaller  ones,  which  can  be  traced 
onward.  A  shaft  was  sunk  on  this  chute,  at  first  at  a  pitch  of  45  degrees,  but 
gradually  increasing  Its  pitch  until  at  535  feet  it  is  nearly  vertical.  This 
shaft  Is  all  in  ore,  and  drifts  have  been  run  from  It  at  eacn  fifty  feet  from  the 
150-foot  level  downward,  showing  the  ore  chute  to  widen  out.  Its  sreatesf 
width  being  thirty-five  feet  at  thf  west  end  of  the  450-foot  level.  !•  <>m  thla 
level  a  stope  Is  being  worked  up  to  the  360-foL    level,  and  has  all  ore  under- 


\h4 


h 


'pw 


120 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


neath.  The  ore  chute  was  cut  off  by  a  fault  on  the  went,  but  the  drift  on  the 
600- foot  luvel  has  been  extended  through  It,  and  has  now  advanced  125  feet 
throuRh  the  hlRheHt  Krade  ore  yet  discovered  in  the  mine.  Five  aBsays  of 
sampleB  taken  on  January  H  from  the  face  of  the  drift  Ave  feet  wide  gave  an 
average  of  S136.tJ4  gold,  and  ten  assays  from  tho  bottom  of  the  shaft  on  th« 
same  date  gave  an  average  of  $68.96  gold.  On  the  4()0-foot  level  the  stope 
averages  twenty-five  feet  wide,  but  at  a  distance  of  172  feet  from  the  fault 
in  the  west  level  the  ore  Is  cut  off  by  another  fault  running  through  the  upper 
workings.  Tho  ore  body  has  beon  again  discovered  beyond  this  fault  twelve 
feet  wide  on  the  450-foot  and  llfteen  feet  on  the  300-foot  level,  and  the  same 
conditions  have  been  found  on  the  lower  levels.  The  ore  has  been  stoped 
for  sixteen  to  twenty  feet  from  the  4t)«-foot  level  and  Is  twenty-five  to  thlrt; 
feet  wide  In  the  roof,  thirteen  to  fourteen  feet  of  it  being  of  first  grade.  A 
300- foot  diamond  drill-hole  has  been  sunk  on  the  pitch  of  the  ledge  belov/  this 
level.  On  the  .SiTO-foot  level  the  stope  averages  tv  ?nty-flve  feet  wide  for  170 
feet,  and  a  drll-hole  In  the  hanging  wall  shows  twenty  feet  more  of  mixed 
ore.  On  the  east  side  three  drill-holes  were  put  In,  one  showing  twenty-six 
feet  of  low-grade  ore  beyond  twenty  feet  of  barren  rock  In  the  footwall;  an- 
other forty  feet  straight  ahead  beyond  a  fault  Into  a  fine  body  of  or^^.  In 
which  a  twenty-foot  chamber  has  been  cut.  On  the  west  this  stope  Is  In 
twelve  feet  of  good  ore,  with  ten  feet  of  mixed  ore  In  the  hanging  and  Ave 
feet  In  the  footwall.  On  tho  300-foot  level  a  wide  body  of  good  ore  has  been 
stoped,  and  much  hecond-grade  ore  Is  now  being  mined. 

It  has  been  recently  discovered  through  excavations  for  a  600-ton  hoist 
that  the  rusty  red  Iron-stalned  rock  has  a  width  of  110  feet,  dipping  into  the 
mountain  at  an  angle  of  4r>  degrees,  under  a  dlorlto  dike.  About  800  feet 
west  of  the  old  workings  a  tunnel  known  as  the  Peyton  tunnel  has  be  n 
driven  forty  feet,  and  at  twenty  feet  struck  pay  ore  which  now  shows  a  soli, 
face  of  eighteen  feet.  A  platform  and  oreblns  are  being  erected,  and  a 
wagon  road  Is  In  course  of  construction  to  deliver  this  ore  to  the  smelter. 
Its  value  runs  about  $10  gold  and  copper,  and  the  management  believes  It  has 
here  as  largt;  and  good  a  (rhute  of  ore  as  In  the  old  workings. 

It  was  estimated  on  J  inuary  1,  1H97,  that  fully  3,500  feet  of  work  had  beon 
done  In  the  mine,  anc'  ti.at  6,257  cubic  fathoms  of  ore  and  waste,  equal  to 
93,654  tons,  had  been  noisted.  The  mine  Is  now  shipping  150  tons  of  ore  dally, 
fifty  tons  going  to  the  Trail  smelter,  and  the  remainder  going  to  Tacoma, 
Kverett  and  Kast  Helena.  A  new  forty-drill  compressor  plant  Is  now  in 
satisfactory  operation,  and  before  this  book  Is  published  a  new  hoist  will  be 
In  operation,  capable  of  delivering  1,000  tons  a  day,  this  new  machinery  having 
cost  $80,000. 

The  mine  employs  ICO  men  and  pays  $15,000  a  month  In  salaries  and  wages, 
and  $20,(100  a  month  for  fuel,  supplies  and  other  expenses.  It  has  not  only 
paid  for  its  development  and  equipment,  but  has  paid  $350,000  dividends,  which 
are  being  declared  at  the  rate  of  $50,000  a  month. 

The  most  Important  recent  discovery  in  regard  to  the  Le  Rol  ore  Is  that 
it  Is  changing  character  at  depth,  and  becoming  susceptible  of  reduction  by 
the  free-milling  and  concentrating  process.  This  was  proved  by  a  recent 
mill-test  at  the  O.  K.  mill  with  a  lot  of  ten  and  one-half  tons  of  an  assay 
value  of  $16  gold  and  silver.  Although  the  ratio  of  concentration— 6  to  1— 
was  f.o  low  that  there  was  not  sulHcient  concentrator  capacity  to  treat  the 
pulp  of  all  ten  stamps,  and  closer  saving  could  have  been  accomplished  with 
five  stamps,  the  result  was  satisfactory.  The  total  value  of  goid  and  silver 
saved  on  the  plates  was  $67.85  and  in  concentrates  $43.82,  an  extraction  of  66 
per  cent.  A  further  test  with  fifty-one  tons  429  pounds  of  ore  assaying 
$8,93  1-3,  resulted  as  follows: 

Gold    saved    on    plates $200  69' 

Silver   saved    on    plates , S  4^ 

Gold    saved    in    concTtrates 127  80 

Sliver    saved    in    concentrates 6  4J 

Copper   saved    In    concentrates 7  91 

Total  value  saved   $346  2S 

Percentage  of  extraction,  76.1.       Ratio  of  concentration,  6%  Into  1. 

The  next  famoii>  mine  of  the  camp  is  th(?  War  Eagle,  which  was  recently 
bought  by  the  Goodc  rham-P.lackstock  syndl,-ate  for  $700,000.  This  syndicate 
also  bought  the  Crown  Point  group,  and  Richmond  In  the  South  Belt  and  has 
transferred  the  property  to  the  War  Eagle  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany. 

The  War  Eagle  was  first  bonded  in  1893,  together  with  the  Iron  Mask  and 
Virginia,  by  Austin  CorWln,  W.  J.  C,  Wakefield,  E.  J.  Roberts  end  others, 
of  Spokane.  They  ^'ta^ted  two  tunn(})s  and  a  shaft,  but  owing  to  a  wide 
discrepancy  in  assays  threw  up  tho  bond.  Mr.  WakeP.eld,  however,  secured 
another  bond  for  the  company,  which  had  been  formed  under  the  name  of 
War  Eagle  Gold  Mining  Company,  with  the  result  that  work  was  resumed 
and  an  orf*  chute  was  struck  forty  feet  long  and  four  or  five  feet  wide, 
assaying  $18  to  $2-1  gold.  Negotiations  were  pending  with  Patrick  Clark  to 
tak*^  up  flevelonment  In  return  for  a  half-interest  when  the  bond  was  again 
forfeited  and  Mr.  Wakefield  only  held  the  property  until  these  negotiations 


MINING    IN    THE    I'ACIFIC    NORTilWEST. 


in 


wUh  Mr.  Clark  and  John  A.  !•  im-h  wtTo  cloHod,  by  tiiktiiR  a  thirty  days' 
option.  Then  work  was  ri'sunud  and  In  Dectmber,  1894,  a  Krcat  chuto  of 
ore  75  to  100  fuet  long  and  four  to  twelve  feet  wide,  avernKing  nearly  $50  a 
ton,  was  struck.  From  the  tunnels  and  an  upraise  rin  on  this  chute  the 
company  In  1895  produced  JfiOO.iXHl  worth  of  ore,  out  of  which  It  paid  |132,500 
In  dividends  and   paid  for  the  mine.  Us  development  and  cqtilpment. 

Tho  original  shaft  was  sunk  over  seventy  feet  In  No.  1  chute  of  ore 
assaying  $12  to  $16  gold,  the  veins  running  nearly  east  and  west.  About 
800  feet  west  a  splendid  ore  chute,  No.  2,  averaging  2%  ounces  gold  from 
tho  surface,  was  stopid  to  the  surface  from  tunnel  No.  1.  120  feet  long  and 
eight  to  twelve  feet  wide,  with  two  to  four  and  oni'-half  feet  of  ore  remain- 
ing In  the  floor.  Beyond  thlf-.  Is  a  fault,  and  then  comes  No.  ."!  chute,  of  lower 
grade^  forty  feet  long  and  five  feet  wide,  which  has  been  stoped  to  the 
surface,  with  t^roe  to  four  feet  of  ore  still  beneath.  Tunnel  No  1,  'JOO  feet 
long,  passed  through  these  chutes,  as  well  as  through  the  ore  tappe<l  by  the 
shaft,  which  averaged  three  and  on< -half  feet  wide  for  eighty  feet.  The 
second  tunnel,  140  feet  on  the  depth  of  the  ledge  below  No.  1.  is  1,100  feet 
long,  and  near  Its  mouth  a  shaft  Is  down  thlrty-flve  feet  In  a  chute  of  good 
grade  ore,  which  follows  the  door  of  the  tunnel  for  1«0  feet  as  If  It  were  the 
apex  of  another  chute.  In  this  tunnel  chute  No.  2  has  Increased  to  310  feet 
In  length,  of  high  grade  ore,  and  from  two  to  fourteen  feet  wide,  much  of 
which  averaged  $57.60.  About  S.OOO  tons  of  this  ore  has  been  shipped  from  a 
fitope  about  sixty-five  feet  high.  No.  3  ehute  has  been  struck  on  this  level, 
a  raise  made  through  It  to  No.  1  level,  and  two  slopes  are  being  made  on  It, 
Its  average  v'dth  being  six  feet  and  Its  length  eighty  fi-et  on  the  uppvr  and 
forty  feet  jOn  the  lower  level.  A  winze  has  also  been  sunk  225  feet  on  No.  2 
chute  and  drifting  started  east  and  west  along  it.  The  No.  3  tunnel  is  a 
cross-eut  through  the  Iron  Mask  groimd  and  In  1.050  feet  taps  the  chute 
exposed  In  the  mouth  of  No.  2  tunnel  at  a  depth  of  2.")0  feet  on  the  depth  of 
the  ledge,  showing  ore  of  a  higher  grade,  of  an  average  value  of  $25  gold, 
Bllver  and  copper.  A  spur  has  been  run  from  the  ikilumbia  &  Western 
Railroad  by  way  of  the  War  E:agle  to  the  Le  Ilol  and  ore  bins  have  been 
erected  on  It.  At  present  twenty-live  tons  a  day  are  being  shipped,  but  the 
quantity  will  be  Increased  to  an  average  of  1,500  tonn  a  month  for  the  year 
1897.  A  twenty-drill  compressor,  power  drills,  steam  plant  and  pump  are 
on  the  Iron  Mask  ground  and  are  used  Jointly  by  the  War  Eagle  and  Iron 
Mask  Companies. 

On  the  Iron  Mask,  which  adjoins  the  War  Eagle  and  has  been  developed 
largely  In  connection  with  It,  a  shaft  followed  a  narrow  crevice  down  for 
twenty  feet,  from  which  point  It  widened  to  nearly  the  full  width,  with  fine 
high-grade  ore  averaging  2.3  ounces  gold.  The  shaft  went  down  100  feet,  and 
then  fifty  feet  of  drift  was  run.  A  tunnel  was  then  run  from  Center  Star 
Gulch  on  an  ore  chute  exposed  by  a  road  cutting,  and  ran  for  nearly  120  feet 
on  mixed  ore.  After  connecting  with  the  shaft.  It  turned  to  the  right  under 
War  Eagle  tunnel  No.  2,  to  which  an  upraise  Is  being  made  on  the  ore  body, 
A  double  compartment  shaft  Is  being  sunk  at  the  mouth  of  this  tunnel,  with 
three  and  one-half  feet  of  ore  showing. 

The  Virginia,  owned  by  a  sister  company  to  the  Iron  Mask,  has  a  400-foot 
cross-cut,  run  to  tap  an  ore  body  exposed  In  a  small  shaft  above,  and  has  cut 
a/  chute  of  low-grade  ore  five  feet  wide  and  forty  feet  long,  but  work  at  this 
point  has  been  suspended  for  surface  prospecting.  The  Poorman  fraction, 
separately  incorporated  by  the  same  parties,  has  a  tunnel  about  230  feet  long, 
connecting  with  a  ninety-two  foot  shaft.  The  latter  Is  within  five  feet  of  the 
Josle  line,  and  the  Josle  Company  Is  continuing  the  tunnel  through  its  own 
ground.  Shipments  aggregating  nv,  tons  have  returned  about  1  ounce  gold, 
HV*.  ounces  silver  and  2\(,  per  cent,  copper.  „     ,  ,  ^     ^   , 

The  Centre  Star  and  Idaho,  which  lie  east  of  the  War  Eagle  and  Le  Rol, 
have  the  distinction  of  being  a  fully  developed  mine  from  which  not  a  ton  of 
ore  has  ever  been  shipped,  the  owners,  the  Centre  Star  Gold  Mining  &  Smelt- 
ing Company,  preferring  to  reduce  the  ore  on  the  ground  by  some  process  yet 
to  be  adopted.  The  ledge  Is  exposed  thirty  to  fifty  feet  wide  in  a  dlorlte  bluff 
on  the  east  side  of  Centre  Star  Gulch,  with  a  smaller  ledge  on  each  side  of  It. 
The  main  tunnel  runs  from  tMs  point  Ism  feet  to  the  Le  Roi  end  line,  gaining 
350  feet  of  depth  and  traversing  several  large  bodies  of  low-grade  ore,  one  ot 
which  Is  147  feet  long  and  fourteen  to  .sixteen  feef  wide,  while  another  Is  nearly 
seventy  feet  wide,  and  200  feet  from  the  end  line  a  large  body  thirty  feet  wide 
and  apparently  of  great  length  was  .-truck.  Five  feet  of  ore  In  this  chute 
carries  over  20  per  cent,  copper  and  averages  over  $100  gold;  the  remainaer  or 
Its  width  Is  more  slllclous  and  averages  about  $24  for  all  values.  ^<,ross-cuts 
are  being  run  north  and  south  from  this  tunnel  to  the  side  lines,  and  have  cut 
the  north  ledge  four  to  six  feet  wide,  of  good  c  re.  running  high  *"  copper,  at 
280  feet,  and  the  south  ledge,  of  less  width,  at  la.  feet.  A  double  compartment 
shaft  taps  the  main  tunnel  410  feet  from  Its  mouth,  near  the  Intersection  of 
the  drift,  and  Is  used  for  ventilation.  Another  tunnel  Is  t^luK  run  to  the 
gulch  to  Intersect  the  north  drift,  and  there  Is  In  all  about  3.000  feet  of  uiider- 
ground  work.  The-e  are  over  7,000  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump,  and  Oliver 
Durant,  the  manager,  estimates  that  there  are  between  20aM0  and  mOW  tons 
of  ore  in  sight  In  the  mine.  It  Is  .intended  to  sink  a  three-compartment  shaf^ 
on  the  hill  near  the  north  side  line  to  a  depth  of  200  feet  below  the  present 


<     \m 


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122 


MINING     IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


tunnel  level.    The  mljie  has  a  steam  engine  and  seven  compressed  air  drills.. 

The  Josle,  north  of  the  Le  Rot,  is  being  developed  by  the  Josle  Gold  Mining 
Company,  and  has  two  ledges,  the  main  and  the  north.  The  main  tunnel  be- 
gan In  ore,  but  this  was  soon  cut  off,  and  the  tunnel  ran  on  between  smooth 
walls  and  through  a  fault,  beyond  which  It  cut  an  ore  chute  one  to  four  feet 
wide,  sloped  up  thirty  to  forty  feet  and  ninety  feet  long.  A  100-foot  shaft 
here  connects  with  the  surface.  In  a  short  cross-out.  250  fact  from  the  tunnel 
mouth,  a  diamond  drill  located  ore  107  feet  to  the  north.  The  tunnel  then 
runs  for  about  100  feet,  with  ore  In  the  roof,  sometimes  three  feet  of  solid 
pyrrhotitp.  with  much  sulphide  scattered  through  the  dlorite.  Then  occurs 
another  fault,  where  a  cross-out  runs  100  feet  north  to  connect  with  a  shaft 
which  ha.s  been  sunk  sixty  feet  in  ore  in  the  north  ledge,  and  which  has  100 
feet  more  to  go  down.  A  cross-cut  to  the  south  showed  ore  for  twelve  to 
fifteen  feet,  and  the  tunnel,  in  "00  feet,  showed  low-grade  ore  for  over  200  feet, 
which  would  pay  to  sort  and  ship.  Consloerable  ore  has  been  tak.^n  from 
a  slope  on  the  surface,  120  feet  long  and  three  to  four  feet  wide.  A  two- 
compartment  shaft  has  been  sunk  120  feet  in  ore  at  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel, 
and  100  feet  of  drifts  have  been  run  at  th^  eighty-five  foot  level,  the  ore  taken 
out  being  sorted  and  shipped  to  Tacoma.  A  -rosB-cut  run  from  the  Le  Rot 
boundary  taps  this  shaft  at  100  feet.  The  shaft  will  be  sunk  500  feet,  and  drltta 
will  be  run  at  the  200-foot  level.  The  Poorman  tunnel  has  been  continued 
through  the  Josle  ground  for  150  feet,  striking  an  ore  chute  sixty  feet  from  the 
line,  which  is  forty  feet  long  and  averages  Kucteen  feet  wide.  This  tunnel 
Is  100  feet  above  the  main  tunnel  on  the  other  side  of  the  mountain.  The 
first  shipment  of  seventy  tons  from  the  Josie  returned  $43  at  the  smeltei*. 
other  shipments  ran  $47  and  one  car  load  ran  $68.  The  mine  is  equipped  with 
seven  compressed  air  drills,  steam  hoist  and  pump. 

The  St.  Elmo,  owned  by  the  St.  Elmo  Gold  Mining  Company,  has  a  largre 
cropping  of  quartzose  rock,  containing  calcite,  zinc  blende  and  Iron  and 
copper  pyrites,  east  of  which  a  100-foot  tunnel  runs  on  diorlte,  well  mineralized 
with  pyrites.  The  main  tunnel  runs  300  feet  on  an  east  and  west  wall  through 
Consolidated  St.  Elmo  ground  .ind  for  the  last  forty  feet  on  St.  Elmo  ground, 
where  a  depth  of  300  feet  is  attained.  The  ledge  is  then  '.ross-cut  and  Is 
twenty-two  feet  wide,  of  $10  ore. 

The  Monte  Crlsto  gave  Its  name  to  the  Monte  Crlsto  Mountain,  and  shows 
eight  to  twelve  feet  of  solid  pyrrhotite  directly  beneath  the  Injn  capping,  on 
which  a  shaft  was  sunk  sixty  feet.  Tunnel  No.  2  Is  In  290  feet  to  a  depih  of  125 
feet,  and  twelve  feet  from  the  mouth  cut  a  chute  of  or*)  which  continued  for 
seventy  feet,  and  is  six  feet  wide,  but  carried  only  a  trace  to  $3  gold.  Striking 
a  fault,  the  tunnel  diverged  to  the  northeast  for  fifty  feet  and  again  struck 
the  ore  chute,  which  It  still  has  In  the  face,  the  value  having  increased  to  $12 
to  $30.  Tunnel  No.  1,  300  feet  below  No.  2.  Is  in  300  teet.  and  was  run  north  of 
the  ledge  to  catch  the  dip,  a  cross-cut  to  the  south  tapping  the  latter  and  flit- 
ting the  first  ore  chute  str.fk  to  the  upper  tunnel.  The  mine,  which  Is  owned 
by  the  Monti  Crlstc  Gold  ^Vllaing  Company,  has  an  engine,  seven-drill  com- 
pressor  and    two    oow?r    IriJls. 

The  California,  owneu  by  the  California  Gold  Mining  Company,  has  two 
east  and  west  ledges  and  two  cross  ledges  running  north  and  south.  A  tunnel 
has  been  run  165  feet  on  one  cross  ledge,  which  has  widened  from  six  to  thirty- 
six  inches,  with  decomposed  (juprta  giving  place  to  solid  ore,  of  $15  value. 
Another  tunnel  is  in  thirty  feet  on  the  same  vein.  100  feet  higher.  The  lower 
tunnel  will  be  extended  to  cross-cut  the  east  and  west  ledges,  one  of  which 
has  been  opened  by  a  fifty-foot  shaft.  The  second  north  and  south  ledge  has 
been  stripped  for  200  feet  and  is  sixteen  feet  wide,  a  tif ty-four-foot  shaft  show- 
ing $15  ore  In  it.  The  company  Is  putting  in  pumps  and  power  drills  and  con- 
tinuing the  main  tunnel. 

The  Nickel  Plate  Mining  Company  is  pushing  development  on  Its  claim 
and  a  fraction.  A  shaft  is  being  sunk  on  the  ore  with  a  drift  at  the  100-toot 
level,  100  feet  east  and  110  feet  west,  showing  more  or  less  ore.  A  (;ro8S-cut 
has  b^en  driven  285  feet  north  from  this  shaft.  Intersecting  at  110  feet  a  chute 
of  hlbi'-grade  pyrrhotite  and  copper  pyrites,  which  is  two  to  three  fe«t  wide 
In  a  st^  T)e  twenty-five  feet  high.  An  air-shaft  is  being  sunk  near  another 
cropping  and  will  connect  v/lth  the  cross-cut.  A  hoisting  plant  and  power 
drills  are  being  installed. 

The  (Mty  of  Spokane,  owned  by  the  Lillooet,  Frastir  River  &  (^arlboo  Gold 
Field  Company,  lies  across  Centre  Star  Gulch,  partly  on  Red  Mountain  and 
partly  on  Monte  Crlsto  Mountain,  and  is  being  developed  on  the  latter  side 
with  a  three-d-111  plant  and  steam  engine.  A  tunnel  .325  feet  long,  with  a 
depth  of  eighty  feet,  struck  an  ore  chute  u.t  sixty  feel  which  j)roved  to  be 
ninety  feet  long  and  thirty-four  feet  wMe,  of  saveral  forms  of  pyrltic  ore, 
averaging  $12  to  $64  gold.  A  cross-cut  aaghty  feel  to  the  north  at  a  point  170 
feet  from  the  mouth  cut  several  streaks  'Vf  ore,  one  jts  wide  as  two  feet,  while 
the  south  crosH-cut  Is  In  forty-three  fffet  Another  ledge  crops  two  feet 
wide,  assaying  on  the  surface  $S  gold,  4  iwr  cent  copper.  The  main  tunnel 
will  be  driven  "HO  feet  to  thf  east,  and  a  winze  wU'  be  sunk  100  feet  to  It. 

The  Red  Mountain,  west  of  the  City  of  Spokane,  has  been  equlpp€<l  with  a 
seven-drill  pterrr-  and  steam  eirrlne  by  the  Red  Mountain  Mining  Company. 
A  shaft  Is  down  sixty  feet  on  the  north  ledge,  with  a  drift  forty  feet  west  at 
the  bottom,  showing  eighteen  Inohcu  to  four  feet  of  ore  which  averages  $88.40, 


M 


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carrying  10  to  12  pe 

ledge  at  a  depth  of 

the  west  and  an  i 

south.     Several  ca 

The  Cliff,  on  th 

e«orge  C.  Whartc 

ledge,  easily  trace 

shaft  have  shown 

cuts,  runs  for  the  i 

^,  then  after  a  si 

shows  a  stringer  1 

300  feet,  and  for  si 

m  places,  then,  b< 

been  shipped,  and 

a  shaft  Is  down  t' 

other  shaft,  forty 

ventilation.      The; 

cent,  copper.     Th< 

Elmo  Consolldat«j 

extension  of  the  C 

cut  at  the  bottom, 

to  tap  the  ledge. 

ledge,  »50  feet  belo 

On  the  View,  t 

on  a  ledge  widen 

and  Is  continuing 

The  Jumbo,  oi 

owned  by  the  Jui 

to  the  I-ondon  G< 

Gertrude  and  Ma 

cropping   showed 

bunches  running  1 

about  300  feet  of 

gangue,  and  cutt 

end  of  150  feet  th« 

about  $14.      Anot 

feet,  and  is  just  c 

passed  over  it. 

which  is  pronoun 

Near  this  min 

of  the  Jumbo  ore 

Nevada,  across  tl 

ore  chute  higher 

On  the  south 

Gold  Mining  Coir 

of  quartz  carryii 

tunnels  have  bet 

depth  of  37,5  feet, 

aggregates  l.fiW)  f 

166  to  $215,  and  t 

worth  $12  to  $40.: 

ore,  and  are  wol 

ore  goes  to  a  tw 

three  six-foot  Id 

ledge,   of  which 

regarded  as  the 

at  a  depth  of  & 

eaulpped  with  a 

car  tram  800  feel 

The  l.  X.  I... 

Oudln,  is  genera 

foot  tunnel  ran 

wide,  with  the 

Mining  Com  pun 

I    X.  I'  on  the  Si 

South  of  the 

foot  shafts  on  a 

other  shaft  Is  c 

tlfty-foot  level  a 

similar  to  the  C 

Active  devel 

Mountain,  in  ai 

Eagle  ledge,   he 

a  steam  hols    a 

on  the  100-fo  a  i 

$160,  an  avera.r* 

On  the  west 

have  the  Marlp< 

ised.      A  cros8-( 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


US 


carrying  10  to  12  per  cent,  copper.  A  cross-cut  has  been  ru  i  ^OO  feet  to  cut  the 
ledge  at  a  depth  of  2B0  feet,  and  will  be  connected  with  the  snaft  by  a  drift' io 
the  west  and  an  upraise  of  190  feet.  A  parallel  ledge  crops  220  faet  to  tho 
south.     Several  car  loads  of  ore  from  the  shaft  have  been  shipped  to  Tacortia 

The  Cliff,  on  the  east  slope  of  Red  Mountain,  is  owned  by  S.  M.  Wharton" 
G«orge  C.  Wharton,  John  R.  Cook  and  E.  L.  Tate.  It  has  a  well-deflried 
ledge,  easily  traced  through  It,  and  several  open«cut3  and  a  lorty-ttve-foot 
shaft  have  shown  hfgh-grade  ore.  A  400-foot  tunnel,  with  100  feet  of  cross- 
cuts, runs  for  the  flnit  ninety  feet  through  soild  ore  four  feet  wide,  worth  |6' to 
18,  then  after  a  slip  continues  sixty-five  feet,  when  it  becomes  broken  tiii6 
Shows  a  stringer  two  to  ten  Inches  wide.  Tunnel  No.  2,  100  feet  lower,-  I'sln 
300  feet,  and  for  slxty-Hve  feet  runs  through  low-grade  ore,  thirteen  feet  Wide 
IKi  places,  then,  beyond  a  fault,  for  ninety  feet  more.  Some  of  this  ore  has 
been  shipped,  and  returned  a  small  profit.  Below  the  mouth  of  this  tunnel 
R  shaft  Is  down  twenty-five  feet  In  ore,  and  150  feet  above  the  tunnel 'Is' an- 
other shaft,  forty  feet  In  ore,  which  will  be  cnnected  with  the  tunnel  for 
ventilation.  There  are  about  500  tons  of  $30  ore  on  the  dump,  carrying  16  per 
cent,  copper.  The  mine  has  a  three-drill  compressor  and  an  engine.  The  St. 
Elmo  Consolidated,  owned  by  Messrs.  Wharton  and  others,  is  on  the  W6st 
extension  of  the  Cliff  ledge,  and  has  a  fifty-foot  shaft  with  a  fifteen-foot  cross- 
cut at  the  bottom,  showing  ten  feet  of  ore.  A  cross-cut  Is  in  seventy-five  feet 
to  tap  the  ledge.  The  St.  Elmo  Company  has  driven  a  tunnel  300  feet  on  the 
ledge,  350  feet  below  on  this  claim,  to  run  through  into  its  own  ground. 

On  the  View,  the  Rod  Mountain  View  Company  had  a  forty-flve-foot  tunnel 
on  a  ledge  widening  from  fifteen  inches  to  nearly  three  feet  of  mixed  ore, 
and  Is  continuing  development. 

The  Jumbo,  on  the  left  side  of  Red  Mountain  overlooking  Sheep  Creek,  is 
owned  by  the  Jumbo  Gold  Mining  Company,  which  has  bonded  It  for  $500,000 
to  the  I-ondon  Gold  Fields  Syndicate.  The  same  company  lias  bonded  the 
Gertrude  and  Maryland,  adjoining,  for  $145,000.  A  thirty-flve-foot  shaft  on  a 
cropping  showed  some  low-grade  ore  and  some  ttllurides  In  streaks  and 
bunches  running  $1,000  and  more  In  gold.  A  tunnel  was  then  run  260  feet,  with 
about  300  feet  of  cress-cuts,  showing  fifty  feet  of  sulphide  ore  In  a  quarta 
gangue,  and  cutting  two  of  the  three  parallel  ledges  on  the  claim.  At  the 
end  of  150  feet  the  tunnel  entered  and  continued  for  fifty  feet  on  ore  averaging 
about  $14.  Another  tunnel,  about  200  feet  north  and  175  feet  lower,  is  in  300 
feet,  and  is  just  coming  into  an  ore  body  on  the  ledge,  the  upper  tunnel  having 
passed  over  it.  Five  car  loads  of  unsorted  ore  have  been  shipped  as  a  test, 
which  Is  pronounced  satisfactory. 

Near  this  mine,  a  tunnel  is  being  run  on  the  HlRh  Ore  for  the  continuation 
of  the  Jumbo  ore  chuto.  and  a  tunnel  is  being  run  for  the  same  purpose  on  the 
Nevada,  acrofs  the  creek.  The  Gold  Hill  has  run  a  tunnel  350  feet  to  strike  an 
ore  chuto  higher  up.  ,     ^   ,,. 

On  the  south  slope  of  Spokane  Mountain  is  the  O.  K.,  owned  by  the  0..,K. 
Gold  Mining  Comjmny,  on  which  Is  a  true  fissure  ledge  five  to  seven  feet  wide 
of  quartz  carrying  free  gold,  iron  and  copper  sulphides  and  galena.  Three 
tunnels  have  been  run,  233,  400  and  335  feet  respectively,  the  lowest  giving  a 
depth  of  375  feet,  and  with  cross-cuts  an'i  connecting  winzes  the  development 
aiTKrcgntes  1  fiOO  feet.  On  the  footwall  is  one  to  five  feet  of  smelting  ore.  worth 
$^)  to  $215  and  the  remainder  of  the  ledge  is  milling  and  concentrating  ore. 
worth  $12  to  $40.  The  concentrates  range  from  2  to  10  per  cent,  of  the  crude 
ore  and  are  worth  $Gfi  to  $157,  carrying  8  to  10  per  cent,  copper.  The  milling 
ore'gotL-s  to  a  twenty-five-stamp  mill,  of  which  ten  stamps  are  In  operation. 


three  six-foot  improved   Frue  vanners  saving  the  sulphides.      A 
wlue    of  which   the  cropping.'^  are  visible  above  the   ledge  now 
regarded  as  tho  main  ledge  and  source  of  the  smelting  ore,  and  ivil 
L   depth   of  500  feet  by  the  extension  of  the    owest   level.      T 
nued  with  a  five-drill  air  compressor  and  a  diamond  drill,  an< 
trHm  800  feet  long  brings  the  ore  to  the  mill. 

irani  ovi,  ^^  owned  by  John  S.  Baker,  J.  H.  Scott.  Edwr^rd  Brehn  and  C.  P. 
n  is"  liener'aliy  believed  to  be  on  the  extension  of  the-  O.  K.  ledge.  A  126- 
'iintifM  ran  Into  it  twenty  feet  from  the  mouth  ar.d  showed  it  four  :eet 


thirty-foot 
worked,  is 
rt-B^arded  as  tho  main  ledge  ana  source  oi  ine  smemiiB  u.^.-,  anu  will  lie  tapped 
at  a  depth  of  500  feet  by  the  extension  of  the  lowest  level.  The  miiie  is 
('miinned  with  a  five-drill  air  compressor  and  a  diamond  drill,  and  a  gravity 
car  tram  800  feet  long  brings  the  ore  to  the  mill. 

2!J,'!'";inner  ran  into  it  twenty  feet  from  the  mouth  ar.d  showed  it  four  :eet 
^Vd^wl^h  the  same  characteH  as  the  O.   K.      The  St.  Lawrence  Gold 

Mining  Company  Is  preparing  to  develop  the  Gold  King,   which  adjoins  the 

^'  ■^■r,uth"of'the'"o!'K.rthe'Norway  Gold  M*nlng  Comp.any  has  sunk  two  thirty- 
foot  shans  on  a  large  body  of  low-grade  sulphide  ore  assaying  $6  to  $12.  An- 
other shaft  Is  down  fifty-four  feet  and  a  cross-cut  thirty-seven  feet  at  the 
fiftv-foot  level  shows  only  one  wall.  The  ore  is  sulphides  in  k  quartz  gangue 
Kimllar  to  the  O.  K.,  and  a  number  of  assays  average  $20. 

Active  development  Is  being  pushed  on  a  numboT  of  properties  on  Red 
..„,v;,tain  In  -uldition  to  those  already  described.  The  Monlta,  on  the  War 
Fagle  ledge  has  b^n  "quipped  by  the  Monlta  Gold  Mining  Company  with 
,  sfeam  hoU  and  two  power  drills,  and  a  shaft  U  being  siink  and  a  dilft  run 
on  the  100-fo  >t  level,  showing  thr.M>  feei  of  ore  assaying  from  a  trace  up  to 

*'%rthVwesf  exSl'o^'cff  one  of  the  W  Rol  ledges,  G.  H.  Randell  and  other, 
have  the  Mariposa,  on  which  a  fifteen-foot  shaft  shows  the  rock  well  min-^nil- 
ized       A  cross-cut  Is  being  run  to  tap  the  ledge. 
(6) 


m 


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m 


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t   f  . 


3 


-I 


-y 


ill 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


The  White  Bear,  which  has  been  equipped  by  the  White  Bear  Mining  & 
MlUlng  Company  with  two  power  drills  and  a  steam  hoist  and  pump,  has  an 
eteliteen-fopt  cropping  of  what  Is  believed  to  be  the  Le  Roi  ledge.  A  shaft  Is 
down  fifty-flye  feet  on  the  footwall,  In  well  mineralized  rock,  and  a  cross-cut 
win  be  run  at  the  100-foot  level. 

The  Annie  fraction  Is  also  believed  to  be  on  one  of  the  I-ie  Rod  ledges,  and 
shows  good  ore  In  a  fifty-foot  shaft  sunk  by  the  Kootenal-London  Mining 
Company  , 

The  Surprise  and  Lucky  Queen,  owned  by  P.  Porter  and  Peck  Bros.,  of 
Chicago,  adjoin  the  St.  p:imo  and  Red  Mountain.  They  have  two  ledges  ex- 
posed, on  one  of  which  a  200- foot  tunnel  shows  five  feet  o  '  ore  at  a  depth  of 
sevent>-flve  feet,  and  surface  cuts  for  600  feet  up  the  mountain  make  the  same 
showing.  .The  other  ledge  is  exposed  for  900  feet  by  surface  cuts,  being  thirty 
feet  wide,  with  ten  feet  of  ore  averaging  about  |8  gold  and  2%  per  cent,  copper, 
this  ore  chute  showing  also  in  a  thirty-foot  shaft. 

The  Butte,  on  the  south  slope  of  Red  Mountain,  is  traversed  by  a  strong 
Assure  ledge  from  east  to  west,  and  a  nlnetytwo-foot  shaft  cut  through  three 
ore  chutes  assaying  |8  to  $22  gold,  and  showing  eight  to  twenty-four  Inches 
of  sllicloug  ore  on  the  footwall.  The  third  chute  shows  three  feet  of  solid  ore. 
The  Butte  Gold-Copper  Mining  Company  Is  sinking  to  depth  and  drifting  on 
the  ledge. 

The  Cracker  Jack,  owned  by  the  Cracker  Jack  Mining  Company,  has  a 
shaft  down  eighty  five  feet,  showing  four  feet  of  ore  In  the  bottom,  while  a 
twenty-flve-foot  shaft  is  down  on  another  ledge,  assays  ranging  from  $12  to  $15. 

The  Northern  Belle,  owned  by  the  Northern  Belle  Mining  Company,  Is  on 
the  north  slope  of  Red  Mountain,  and  has  a  twenty-foot  ledge,  with  two  feet 
of  solid  ore  and  numerous  lesser  streaks,  tapped  at  a  depth  of  eighty  feet  by 
a  cross-cut  of  ^14  feet.  Assays  average  from  $12  to  $15  gold.  A  seventeen- 
foot  shaft  shows  four  feet  of  $25  ore  In  a  parallel  ledge. 

The  Mab«l  Gold  Mining  Company  has  run  a  tunnel  100  feet  on  the  Mabel, 
which  slopes  up  Red  Mountain  from  Centre  Star  Gulch,  has  sunk  a  winze 
twenty-two  feet  and  cross-cut  five  feet  In  ore  assaying  $12  to  $60,  and  has  not 
struck  the  footwall.  A  cross-cut  is  in  160  feet  at  a  further  depth  of  166  feet, 
and  will  also  tap  a  smaller  parcllel  ledge. 

The  Big  Three  Mining  Company  is  opening  up  the  Southern  Belle  and  an- 
other claim,  adjoining  the  Cliff  on  the  north.  A  shaft  was  sunk  and  in  thirty 
feet  showed  the  pay  streak,  after  widening  from  six  to  twenty-four  Inches, 
to  split.  The  footwall  was  followed  twenty  feet  more,  and  then  a  cross-cut 
encountered  the  other  streak  and  showed  three  feet  of  $38  ore.  Another  five- 
foot  ledge  500  feet  north  will  be  tapped  by  a  cross-cut,  now  in  seventy-five  feet, 
and  a  third  ledge!  Is  exposed. 

Adjoining  the  California  is  the  Giant,  which  the  Giant  Mining  Company 
is  developing  steadily.  Two  large  ledges  f  inverse  the  claim,  and  a  shaft  on 
one  of  them  is  in  shipping  ore  from  the  ;itart,  eleven  assays  ranging  from 
$14.40  to  $58.40  gold.  A  tunnel  is  also  being  driven  on  this  ledge,  and  every  foot 
of  penetration  shows  Improvement  In  the  ore. 

The  Morning  Star  has  a  shaft  down  100  feet  on  a  flifty-foot  ledge  of  ore 
similar  to  thf  low-grade  ore  of  the  Lc  Rol,  and  is  extending  It  another  100  feet. 
A  steam  hoist,  pump  and  two-drill  compressor  are  being  Installed. 

The  Evening  Star  Gold  Mining  Company  has  on  the  Evening  Star,  on 
Monte  Crlsto  Mountain,  a  large  exposure  of  decomposed  rock  through  which 
two  ledges  appear  to  run,  and  from  one  of  these  twenty-two  tons  of  surface 
ore  have  been  shipped  to  Tacoma  and  returned  $32.80  gold.  A  fifty-foot  tunnel 
on  this  ledge  showed  a  small  stringer  carrying  free  gold  to  widen  considerably, 
and  a  tunnel  has  been  driven  300  feet  from  a  further  depth  of  sixty  feet  to 
strike  this  ore  body,  and  to  be  used  as  a  working  tunnel.  Work  on  this  cross- 
cut was  suspended  until  a  shaft  was  sunk  on  a  known  chute  of  high-grade  ore 
on  the  summit,  and  at  thirty  feet  this  had  widened  from  six  inches  to  three 
feet  and  in  a  drift  to  four  feet.  Shipments  of  100  tons  have  returned  $26.33, 
and  two  car  loads  weekly  are  now  bedng  shipped,  making  this  the  sixth  claim 
In  the  camp  to  give  promise  ot  regular  shipments.  The  shaft  and  drift  are 
both  being  extended. 

On  the  C.  &  C,  south  of  the  Evening  Star.  J.  H.  O'Leary  and  others  have 
sunk  a  shaft  thirty  feet,  all  In  low-grade  mixed  ore,  and  .are  pushing  work 
vigorously. 

The  Northern  Belle  Mining  Company  takes  Its  name  from  a.  claim  on  Bed 
Mountain  which  shows  three  ledges  on  the  surface.  One  of  the  three  showed 
continuous  improvement  in  a  small  shaft  and  has  been  tapped  by  a  100-foot 
crosK-cut.  Another  ledge  has  a  short  tunnel,  all  in  $28  ore.  A  cross-cut  to 
tap  all  the  ledges  at  a  depth  of  500  feet  will  be  run  this  season. 

The  Georgia  Gold  Mining  Company  has  on  the  Georgia  a  100-foot  tunnel 
running  through  four  or  five  feet  of  mixed  ore  and  rock,  with  cross-cuts  to 
the  west  forty  and  sixteen  feet. 

The  Iron  Horse,  on  the  south  slope  of  Monte  Crlsto  Mountain,  has  a  tunnel 
140  feel,  from  which  a  twenty-foot  drift  to  the  north  struck  an  ore  body,  while 
a  cross-cut  to  the  south  sixty-four  feet  from  the  surface,  opened  an  ore  chute, 
two  car  loads  from  which  av«>raged  S.'JO.  An  upraise  has  been  made  from  this 
tunnel  to  connect  with  a  thirty-six-foot  shaft  sunk  by  the  locators.      A  wlnsie 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


m 


haa  been  sunk  sixty-eight  feet  on  the  ore  chute,  and  la  being  extended  to  the 
surface  by  a  shaft  from  above  and  an  upraise  to  meet  It,  the  intention  bela* 
to  make' this  a  double  compartment  shaft.  A  hoist  has  been  placed  at  tHe 
shaft  and  power  hired  from  the  Columbia  &  Kootenai. 

The  Iron  Horse  fraction,  the  name  of  which  has  been  changed  to  the  Alkl, 
Is  owned  by  the  Aikl  Gold  Mining  Company  and  Is  on  the  west  extension  fit 
the  Columbia  &  Kootenai  ledge  on  Monte  Crlsto  Mountain,  with  extensioae 
of  the  Evening  Star  and  one  of  the  Georgia  ledges.  A  sixty-foot  shaft  shows 
five  feet  of  solid  ore,  on  which  the  shaft  is  being  sunk  another  fifty  feci, 
with  the  intention  of  then  Installing  power  drills  and  an  air  compressor  and 
drifting.  Another  shaft  Is  down  twenty  feet  on  four  feet  of  ore  In  the  same 
ledge.     Assays  have  ranged  from  $10  to  $40. 

The  Iron  Colt,  on  the  extension  of  the  Columbia  &  Kootenai  ledge,  is  owned 
by  the  Iron  Colt  Mining  Company,  which  has  bought  two-power  drills  to  be 
operated  by  compressed  air  from  the  Columbia  &  Kootenai.  A  shaft  is  down 
seventy-five  feet,  showing  ore  all  the  way  down  and  the  full  width,  averagl»g 
$15  gold  with  very  little  copper  on  the  surface,  but  improving  to  about  $25,  with 
2  per  cent,  copper  at  the  bottom.  This  shaft  is  to  be  extended  to  a  depth  of 
at  least  500  feet.  A  cross-cut  is  in  sixty  feet,  and  In  380  feet  more  will  tap 
the  ledge  at  a  depth  of  176  feet. 

The  La  Belle,  also  on  the  west  extension  of  the  Columbia  &  Kootenai  ledge, 
with  four  other  known  ledges  crossing  it.  Is  owned  by  the  Rossland  La  Bette 
Mining  &  Development  Company.  A  cross-cut  is  in  sixty  feet,  and  will  strik« 
the  Columbia  ledge  twenty  feet  further. 

On  the  north  slope  of  Monte  Crlsto  Mountain  is  the  Delacola,  owned  by  the 
Delacola  Gold  Mining  Company.  A  sixty-eight-foot  shaft  in  the  hanglag 
wall  ds  In  mineralized  rock  for  its  whole  width,  assaying  $3  to  $8  gold  and  4 
ounces  silver,  at  a  depth  of  twenty  feet,  with  two  feet  of  pay  ore,  and  a  fifteen- 
foot  shatt  on  another  'edge  shows  a  streak  of  magnetic  iron  to  widen  from 
half  an  Inch  to  eight  inches,  carrying  $2.60  gold,  4  ounces  silver.  Both  ledgpee 
show  a  little  peacock  copper.  The  shaft  is  loeing  extended  to  the  100-foot  level, 
where  drifting  will  begin. 

The  Columbia  &  Kooteuai  group  of  four  claims  is  owned  by  the  Trail  Min- 
ing Company,  the  stock  of  which  has  recently  been  bonded  by  F.  August 
Helnze  for  $500,000.  Mr.  Carlyle  says  that  this  property  has  an  ore-bearing 
zone  running  northeast  by  southwest  with  decomposed  masses  of  sulphide  ore 
exposed  on  the  surface.  At  the  north  end  of  the  Columbia  is  a  porphyry  dike 
that  can  be  traced  with  almost  a  certainty  for  over  two  miles  running  north 
and  south,  with  solid  sulphide  ore  on  both  sides.  The  highest  tunnel  is  186 
feet  long,  and  at  100  feet  an  upraise  was  made  thirty-nine  feet  to  the  surface 
and  a  winze  sunk  twelve  feet,  on  a  ledge  of  about  two  feet,  from  which  two 
car  loads  returned  $11.50  and  $51.20  respectively.  A  second  tunnel  145  feet  below 
is  in  425  feet,  and  at  the  face  has  fifteen  Inche^i  of  high-grade  and  thirty-three 
inches  of  mixed  ore,  an  average  assay  across  the  face  being  $14.  At  the  126- 
foot  mark,  a  winze  Is  down  twenty  feet  on  ore  assaying  $40  gold,  and  an  up- 
raise has  been  made  for  sixty-five  feet.  A  forty-foot  cross-cut,  100  feet  further 
in  the  tunnel,  cuts  the  main  ore  body,  two  feet  of  which  averages  $40.  A  third 
tunnel,  ninety-seven  feet  below,  is  In  fifty-two  feet  on  a  chute  carrying  eight 
to  ten  inches  of  mixed  ore  assaying  $23  free  gol  1,  the  maximum  depth  attaJned 
being  300  feet.  Another  ledge  of  twenty  inches  of  free  milling  quartz  haa 
been  traced  by  a  flfty-one-foot  tunnel  and  a  twenty-eight-foot  shaft,  on  which 
work  is  being  continued.  Some  of  the  ore  shows  nlckellferous  pyrrhotlte 
carrying  about  2  per  cent,  nickel.  The  mine  has  a  thirty-drill  compressor 
and  hoist. 

On  three  ledges  parallel  with  the  Columbia  &.  Kootenai,  the  Big  Three  Gold 
Mining  Company  has  the  Mascot.  A  140-foot  tunnel  has  been  run  for  ov^ 
eighty  feet  on  solid  ore,  and  a  winze  makes  an  equally  good  showing.  A  shaft 
Is  down  over  forty  feet  to  connect  with  the  tunnel  150  feet  from  its  mouth 
at  a  depth  of  260  feet.  Ore  from  this  shaft  assays  $33  to  $48  gold.  A  parallel 
ledge  shows  eight  feet  wide  In  a  fifteen-foot  open  cut,  and  a  third  ledge,  to 
the  north,  crops  five  feet  wide  the  whole  length  of  the  claim,  showing  solid 
pyrrhotlte  ore.  assaying  $12  on  the  surface,  and  la  being  opened  by  a  shaft. 

The  South  Belt,  extending  through  the  valley  of  Trail  Creek  below  Ross- 
land  and  over  Deer  Park  and  Lake  Mountains  along  the  ridge  to  Lookout 
Mountain,  above  the  town  of  Trail,  is  declared  by  Mr.  Carlyle  to  have  the 
same  system  of  east  and  west  ledges,  with  ore  of  fair  value.  Ihe  ore  on  most 
properties  carries  very  little  pyrrhotlte,  but  much  iron  and  arsenopyrlte,  with 
Bome  zinc  blende  and  galena,  the  silver  value  exceeding  the  gold.  The  Colum- 
tia  &  Western  Railroad  runs  through  the  heart  of  this  belt.  ui  u  «- 

The  principal  property  Is  the  Crown  Point  group  of  five  claims,  which  is 
owned  by  the  War  elagie  Consolidated  Mining  &  development  Company,  or- 
ganized by  the  Gooderham-Blackstock  syndicate  to  operate  this  Propejty.  tnf 
War  Eagle  and  the  Richmond.  On  the  surface  a  dike  thirty  to  forty  feet  wide 
Is  exposed,  with  'hree  to  eight  feet  of  sulphide  ore  on  each  side,  which  was 
struck  at  sixtv  feet  by.  an  inclined  shaft.  This  sh-ift  wis  sunk  on  seven  feet 
of  ore,  which  narrowed  at  thirty-five  feet  to  three  or  ^0"^  fe^t  and  Is 
now  m  feet.  At  the  seventy-foot  level  a  drift  was  ruii  ninety  feet  along  the 
dike.  In  ore  for  sixtv  feet,  and  at  sixty  feet  along  this  drift  a  winze  was  sunli 


m 


m 


■till 

f  ■•"',1 


M 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


126 

■irtt      .-'' 

twenty  ffy-t,  huvlnR  four  feet  of  ore  In  the  bottoin.  At  the  bottom  of  the  ahaft 
a  <irlft  runs  100  feet  west  und  Hoventy-Hvid  feet  eaat,  each  with  a  flfty-foot 
cTQ^-cut  and  all  Ln  barren  porphyrlte.  A  main  tunnel  Is  now  In  500  feet  to  tap 
th*,  pre  chute  150  leet  west  of  the  dike  and  170  feet  below  the  surface,  and  Is 
expecte<l  to  strike  the  ledire  any  day.  One  hundred  tons  of  ore  shipped 
returned  an  averiuge  of  about  $24.  The  supposed  extension  of  the  Crown 
PQinJ,  ledKe  runs  through  three  of  the  other  c'alms,  and  two  shafts  showed 
BOUkfi  low-grade  ore,  whlh;,  an  open  cut  showed  three  to  four  feet  of  good  grade, 
wHV^'  a  tunnel  and  criSss-cut  failed  to  strike  below.  A  long  cross-cut  la 
tKnvJp  300  feet  to  tap  this  led^e  at  depth. 

The  R.  E.  I^ee  groui)  of  three  claims  is  owned  hy  the  R.  E.  Lee  Gold  Mining 
Company,  control  of  which  has  passed  into  the  hands  of  a  Toronto  company, 
and  Is  equipped  with  a  seven-drill  compressor  and  a  steam  hoist.  A  main 
shaft  Is  being  sunk  to  the  100-foot  level,  and  shows  three  feet  of  ore  assaying 
$l(\,lo  $35  gold,  4  ounces  sliver.  A  fifty-foot  level  runs  forty-seven  feet  east 
and  a  cross-cut  twenty-four  feet  north  from  this  shaft,  and  a  thirty-foot 
tunnel,  with  twenty-foot  drift,  shows  two  to  three  feet  of  mixed  ore  at  another 
po4nt  on  the  ledge.  Twelve  tons  shipped  from  the  tunnel  returned  an  aggre- 
gate of  $4.')8  gold.  A  sixty-foot  shaft  Is  down  on  the  Gopher  on  similar  ore, 
and  a  tunnel  5x7  feet  is  In  100  feet  on  th  »  same  Unlge,  all  in  arseniciil  Iron  and 
copper  pyrites,  carrying  $18  gold  and  copper,  with  a  little  silver.  This  tunnel 
is  being  extended  day  and  night  by  air  drills  operated  by  power  from  the 
Hopiestake,  and  at  800  feet  will  enter  the  Homestake,  which  has  the  same 
ledgtj.      It  pas.ses  under  a  thirty-seven-f  jot  shaft,  all  in  ore  assaying  $8  to  122. 

On  the  Homestake,  the  Homestake  dold  Mining  Company  has  traced  the 
same  ledge  700  feet  by  open  cuts,  and  two  shafts,  one  of  which  Is  over  100  fe«t, 
have  been  sunk  and  connected  by  a  drift.  One  of  these  shafts  Is  being  con- 
tinued to  connect  at  300  feet  with  the  main  tunnel  from  tlie  Gopher,  which 
starts  1,300  feet  distant.  The  shaft  shows  three  and  one-half  feet  of  ore, 
ass^yl^g  $26..'i4  gold,  silver  and  cop|)er,  of  which  150  tons  will  be  shipped  as 
soon  as  the  railroad  Is  extended  and  chutes  can  be  built. 

The  Nest  Egg  and  Firefly  are  being  developed  by  the  Nest  Egg-Firefly 
Gold  Milling  Company,  which  has  equipped  them  with  a  four-drill  compressor, 
hoist  and  pumps.  There  are  two  ledges,  on  one  of  which  are  two  small  shafts 
300  feet  apart,  showing  pyrrhotlte  iind  copper  pyrites,  while  a  fifty-foot  shaft 
and  twenty-tive-foot  drift  on  the  other  are  all  in  ore.  assaying  $20  to  $5=i.  This 
shaft  is  being  continued  to  200  feet,  and  drifts  will  be  run  to  the  100-foot  level. 

Tlie  Mayflower,  owned  by  the  Mayflower  Gold  Mining  Company,  ha«  three 
ledges,  of  which  the  middle  one  has  been  most  developed.  A  200-foot  tunnel 
with  a  seventy-two  foot  shaft  at  the  portal,  shows  twelve  inches  of  ore.  For 
thirty  feet  along  the  tunnel  the  ledge  carried  carbonates,  which  gave  place  to 
Iron  pyrites  with  much  galena,  some  zinc  blende  and  calclte.  A  car  load 
netted  %:S.  viz.,  $40  silver,  $10  gold,  $fi  lead,  and  from  th*  bottom  of  the  shaft 
twelve  Inches  iwsay  100  ounces  silver,  $12  gold,  the  remaining  twenty-four 
inche,s  37  ounces  silver;  $8  gold,  the  whole  averaging  $H5  for  all  values.  On 
the  north  ledge,  thirty  inches  wide,  a  fifty-foot  shaft  shows  eighte^,j  inches 
of  $.W  ore.    Work  is  being  continued  on  the  shaft  and  tunnel  on  the  main  ledge. 

On  the  Phoenix,  the  Phoenix  Gold  Mining  Company  has  three  ledges    of 
which  the  center  one  Is  being  developed.       An  eighty-foot  shaft  shows  five 
and  one-half  feet  of  mixed  ore:  another  of  thlrty-sIx  feet  has  a  ten-foot  drift 
all  In  ore.  assays  of  which  run  as  high  as  $45  gold;  the  third,  which  Is  now 
being  sunk  to  the  100-foot  level,  has  the  ledge  nearly  ten  feet  wide. 

The  Blue  I'.ird.  on  the  west  extension  of  the  Mayflower  ledge,  shows  two 
to  three  feet  of  mixed  ore  in  a  twenty-two-foot  shaft.  On  the  Curlew  be- 
yond It.  John  Karle  and  Joseph  Vogel  have  a  forty-three-foot  shaft  showing 
six  to  ten  Inchts  of  ore  which  carries  $6  to  $10  gold,  70  to  80  ounces  silver.  On 
the  Zllor,  half  a  mile  west,  E.  Morrison,  of  Victoria,  has  sunk  three  shafts 
one  In  barren  diorite,  another  of  thirty  feet  showing  considerable  ore  and  a 
third  of  sixty  feet  which  passed  through  good  ore  Into  barren  rock  and  again 
Into  ore.  The  Hattie  Brown,  adjoining  the  Blue  Bird,  has  a  shaft  showing 
pyrites  and  arsenopvrlte  half  Its  width  at  the  forty-five  foot  level. 

The  Trilby  group  of  two  claims  Is  being  opened  by  the  Gold  &  Sliver  Mines 
Developing  Company.  The  ledge,  two  to  four  feet  wide,  was  first  stripped 
for  several  hundred  feet  and  defined  by  a  twenty-five-foot  shaft,  all  In  ore 
Another  h-haft.  now  seventy  feet  deep,  ran  Into  solid  low-grade  ore  at  the  forty- 
fool:  level,  carrying  iron  pyrites  ant.  galena.  Surface  assavs  averaged  $5  to  $6 
but  value  has  increased  with  depth.  At  fifty  feet  considerable  galena  came 
In  and  assays  between  fifty  and  sixty  feet  averaged  $28,  while  one  at  sixtv-flve 
feet  ran  $18  silver,  $22.50  gold.  ^       ^ 

The  Southern  Cross  group  of  three  claims,  owned  by  the  Southern  Cross 
&  Wolverine  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Company,  has  a  well-defined  fissure 
ledge  carrying  two  or  three  feet  of  solid  sulphides  In  two  tunnels,  seventy-five 
and  ninety  feet  long,  and  ten  feet  in  the  longer  tunnel  a  winze  was  sink 
twenty-five  feet  on  two  or  three  feet  of  low-grade  ore.  along  what  apnears  fo 
be  the  Crown  Point  dike. 

The  I.lly  May,  the  pioneer  location  of  the  camp.  Is  being  developed  bv  the 
Lily  May  Gold  Mining  Company  with  a  ten-drill  comi)rassor  plant  and  s'tearn 
hoist.      An  incline  shaft  Is  down  108  feet  on  the  ledge,  and  Is  tapped  at  forty 


MINTNO    IN    THK    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


127 


feet  by  an  flghty-Hve-fooi  tunnel  from  the  Hurface  on  an  ore  chute  two  to  alx 
feet  wide.  A  thlrty-flve-foot  drift  to  the  northwest  fihows  solid  ore  across 
the  face  assaying  ,J22.10.  A  second  shaft  forty-five  feet  on  a  parallel  ledgo 
shows  ore  the  full  width,  carrying  gold,  silver  and  copper.  A  third  shaft 
struck  a  six-Inch  pay  streak  at  a  depth  of  ten  feet,  and  this  widened  to  four 
fi^ot  at  a  depth  of  seventy  feet,  with  increasing  gold  values.  The  following 
assays  were  taken  In  the  early  stages  of  development,  but  those  taken  recently 
show  practically  th  same  value,  gold  having  almost  entirely  replaced  silver; 
42  ounces  silver,  $4  gold,  total  $32.15;  06  ounces  silver,  $4  gold,  26  per  cent,  lead, 
total  $85.18;35  ounces  silver,  $2.40  gold,  7  per  cent,  lead,  total  $29.80. 

The  Deer  Park  has  one  of  the  largest  ore  bodies  Inthe  canip,  but  It  was 
of  dlscouraglngly  low  grade  until  the  Deer  Park  Gold  Mining  Cfompany  took 
hold  of  It  and  began  sinking  to  depth.  The  surface  assays  ran  no  higher 
than  $6  from  pyrrhotlte  and  little  Improvement  was  shown  for  fifty  feet 
down  the  shaft,  though  a  cross-cut  showed  forty-eight  feet  of  ore  with  no 
walls  In  sight.  But  from  a  depth  of  seventy  feet  onward  the  value  began 
to  Improve,  the  lowest  assay  below  that  point  being  $16,  while  as  much  as 
$220  has  been  shown,  chalcopyrlte  having  come  In.  A  cross-cut  will  be  run 
at  the  120-foot  level  to  determine  the  size  and  course  of  the  ledge. 

The  Commander,  which  has  been  bonded  by  the  Commander  Mining  and 
Smelting  Company  to  the  London  Gold  Fields  Syndicate  for  $250,000,  has 
another  great  ore  body.  A  shaft  sunk  on  a  smooth  wall  beside  a  por- 
phyry dike  to  a  depth  of  200  feet  Is  In  a  continuous  chute  of  ore  and 
at  the  lOO-foot  level  a  drift  for  1.50  feet  to  the  southeast  shows  the  ore  body 
to  be  two  to  three  feet  wide,  while  a  cro.ss-cut  at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft 
shows  the  ledge  to  be  at  least  seventy  feet  wide.  Of  this,  four  feet  Is  pay 
ore  assaying  $20  to  $40  gold  and  copper,  and  the  balance  Is  mixed  oxidized 
Iron,  quartz  and  decomposed  diorlte,  running  from  $3  to  $7  In  value.  The 
mine  has  a  steam  engine,  pump,  four-drill  compressor  and  two  power  drills. 

A  six-foot  ledgo  has  been  traced  east  and  west  across  the  Palo  Alto  by 
the  Palo  Alto  Gold  Mining  Company  and  a  thirty-one  foot  shaft  showed 
oxidized  matter  for  the  first  seventeen  feet  and  three  feet  of  flne-gralned 
iiisenopyrlte  for  the  remainder  of  the  distance.  On  the  San  Joaquin,  the 
San  Joaquin  Gold  Mining  Company  Is  sinkink  on  a  narrow  crevice,  In  which 
at  a  depth  of  eighteen  feet  the  diorlte  had  become  much  more  mineralized 
with  pyrrhotlte  and  copper  pyrites. 

The  St.  Paul,  on  the  north  slope  of  Deer  Park  Mountain,  is  owned  by  the 
St.  Paul  Gold  Mining  Company,  and  has  three  known  ledges,  one  of  which  has 
free-milling  ore.  On  the  first  a  shaft  Is  down  twenty-five  feet,  and  a  cross- 
cut both  ways  from  the  bottom  shows  sixteen  feet  of  mineralized  ledge  matter. 
Two  other  ledges  were  exposed  In  the  cuts  for  the  Red  Mountain  Railroad, 
and  one  of  these  has  been  explored  by  a  twenty-two-foot  tunnei  and  tapped 
In  160  feet  by  a  cross-cut,  which  will  tap  the  first-mentioned  ledge  In  250  feet 
more,  at  a  depth  of  150  to  200  feet.  The  third  ledge  has  not  been  explored,  but 
shows  free-milling  ore  similar  to  that  of  the  O.  K.  A  three-drill  compressor 
plant  Is  pushing  the  cro.ss-cut  ahead. 

On  the  Red  Eagle,  the  Red  Eagle  Gold  Mining  Company  has  tapped  a 
two-foot  ledge  at  a  depth  of  fifty  feet  with  a  ninety-five-foot  cross-cut,  show- 
ing twelve  Inches  of  Iron  sulphide  and  galena  ore.  assaying  $27  to  $35.  A  forty- 
foot  shaft  on  the  snme  l<'dge  shows  six  inches  of  solid  ore  on  the  hanging  wall 
and  ten  Inchefi  on  the  foot  wall,  assaying  $40  to  $110  in  gold,  silver  and  copper, 
with  three  and  one-half  feet  of  mineralized  quartz  between.  A  steam  hoist, 
|)ump  and  two  steam  drills  have  been  installed.  The  same  company  has  sunk 
fifteen  feet  on  the  Red  Pole,  which  Is  on  the  Sliver  Bell  ledge,  showing  streaks 
of  galena  and  sulphides  throughout,  averaging  $25  to  $,'!0. 

The  Kootenai-London  Mining  Company  has  been  developing  the  Comet 
No.  2.  In  which  a  twelve-foot  shaft  showed  ore  the  full  width,  with  neither 
wall  In  sight,  assays  running  from  $8  to  $12. 

On  the  Trallhunter,  the  Cromwell  Mining  &  Development  Company  Is  sink- 
ing a  shaft,  which  at  twenty  feet  showed  sulphide  ore  the  full  width,  assaying 

The  Iron  Hope  group  of  two  claims,  which  the  Iron  Hope  Mining  &  Milling 
Company  is  developing,  has  four  well-defined  ledges,  on  two  of  which  work 
has  given  good  results.  On  one  a  ten-foot  shaft  showed  four  feet  of  ledge 
matter  highly  mineralized  with  Iron  pyrites  carrying  $2..')0  to  $3  gold.  Another 
shelved  heavv  arsenical  iron  on  the  surface  assaying  $5.40  gold  and  silver,  and 
in  a  fifty-foot  shaft  this  has  widened  to  thirty  Inches,  as.saying  $25  to  $35  gold, 
iH'sides  silver.  The  ore  follows  the  granite  hanging  wall,  which  is  smooth 
and  well  defined,  and  between  It  and  the  footwall  Is  a  great  dike  of  hornblendlc 
rock,  which  at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  Is  heavily  loaded  with  Iron  pyrites  and 
sliows  some  copper.  ^         »,     ,    „        *   t„    i,  Kr.i.-.o' 

Th."  Sunset  group  of  two  claims,  also  on  Deer  Park  Mountain,  Is  being 
.U-veloped  by  the  Canadian  Gold  Fields  Syndicate,  which  has  contracted  for  a 
live-drill  comi)res.sor  plant,  eighty-horse  power  boiler,  hoist  and  PU/nP-  ^"6 
ledse  exposed  on  the  surface  for  1,100  feet  averages  two  feet,  an'^„at>he  mouth 
of  Uie  main  shaft  Is  eighteen  inches.  This  shaft  Is  down  seventy  feet,  and 
snows  u1o  widen  to  four'f'Jet  of  solid  pyrrhotlte  and  'ron  pyrites  rorn  the 
twenty-foot  level  downward.  Assays  range  from  $22  to  $G8.5o'^;j"^^^'(f  <Xwa 
silver,  and  average  about  $40  gold.      Another  shaft,  twenty  feet  deep,  shows 


14 

1 1* 


i:^ 


^  f. 


128 


MINING  In  the   pacific  northwest. 


ore  assaying  $36  gold,  3  per  cent  copper,  3  to  4  ounces  sliver,  and  a  third,  of 
thirty  fiet,  1h  In  ore  carrying  still  higher  values.  A  drift  has  been  run  Boventy- 
flve  feet  from  the  sixty-foot  level  In  the  muln  shaft,  which  will  be  continued 
and  win  connect  at  the  100-foot  level  with  a  tunnel  driven  200  fe«t  on  the  ledge. 
The  Bl.'ick  Rock,  on  the  northwest  slope  of  Deer  Park  Mountain,  Is  half  a 
mile  from  the  Le  Rol,  and  Is  believed  to  be  on  one  of  the  Le  Rol  ledges.  It  Is 
four  feet  on  the  surface,  and  continues  that  width  In  a  30-foot  shaft,  on  which 
work  Is  about  to  be  resumed.  Near  the  surface  the  dlorlle  was  Impregnated 
with  mineral,  and  at  twenty  feet  streaks  of  solid  pyrrhotlte  besan  to  come  In, 
so  that  a  decided  Improvement  may  be  expected  on  the  assay  of  $4.20  gold, 
made  at  seventeen  feet  depth. 

The  Rossland  Trail  Creek  Gold  Mining  Company  has  three  ledges  on  the 
Oolden  Crown  group  of  three  claims  on  Luke  Mountain.  In  one  a  forty-ftve- 
foot  shaft  shows  two  feet  uf  chalcopyrlte  assaying  $2  to  $2X  gold,  and  on  an 
other  an  ^'"ven-foot  shaft  and  a  thirty-seven-foot  open  cut  showed  a  body 
of  well  ..ilnerallzed  quartz,  an  assay  of  which  from  an  adjoining  claim  showed 
$96. 

The  Grand  Prize  Mining  Company  Is  developing  two  cross  ledges  on  the 
Grand  Prize,  which  has  the  northeastern  extension  of  the  Deer  Park  ledge. 
The  north  ledge  Is  nine  feet  wide,  and  a  fourteen-foot  shaft  has  developed 
streaks  of  ore  aggregating  fourteen  Inches  and  assaying  $8  gold  and  9  per  cent, 
copper.  The  south  ledge  Is  thlrt}'  feet  wide,  and  a  thirty-foot  shaft  shows  a 
ten-Inch  streak  of  mineral  carrying  $18  gold  and  6  per  cent,  copper.  The  value 
and  size  of  the  Deer  Park  ledge  are  being  shown  up  on  the  Deer  Park  property, 
so  nothing  Inis  been  on  It. 

On  the  mil  Top,  a  direct  east  extension  of  the  Mayflower,  the  Hill  Top 
Mining  &  Milling  Company  has  two  very  large  ledges  running  east  and  west. 
The  north  ledge,  In  a  forty-foot  shaft,  shows  an  average  gold  value  of  $8. 
Numerous  surface  cross-cuts  and  a  220-foot  tunnel  have  shown  the  south  ledge 
to  be  fully  fifty  feet  wide,  of  highly  slllclous  ore,  averaging  about  $9  gold, 
besides  copper.  This  Is  believed  to  bo  first-class  concentrating  ore.  Work 
Is  still  in  active  progress. 

The  largest  block  of  mining  ground  In  the  camp  owned  by  a  single  com- 
pany Is  the  Fourteen  group,  which  has  been  surveyed  and  made  accessible  by 
wagon  roads  by  the  Fourteen  Gold  Mines  Consolld.ated  Company.  It  com- 
prises fourteen  claims  and  seven  fractions,  aggregating  700  acres  In  area,  on 
the  north  slope  of  Deer  Park  and  Lake  Mountains,  artd,  while  undeveloped, 
Is  surrounded  by  some  of  the  most  promising  developed  properties,  the  ledges 
from  which  run  Into  this  ground.  Among  these  are  the  Red  Eagle,  Curlew, 
Mayflower,  Homestake,  R.  K.  Lee,  Lily  May,  Hill  Top,  Gopher  and  Crown 
Point,  already  described.  The  Red  Eagle  ledge  has  been  opened  on  one  of 
the  Fourteen  claims  by  a  thirty-foot  shaft,  showing  high-grade  shipping  ore. 
This  company  Is  preparing  for  extensive  development  this  season. 

Lookout  Mountain,  six  miles  east  of  Trail,  has  during  the  last  year  become 
the  scene  of  .active  development,  large  Iron  caps  indicating  the  presence  of 
great  bodies  of  ore  running  northeast  and  southwest  with  a  northerly  dip. 

The  principal  work  so  far  done  Is  on  the  G.  R.  Sovereign,  which  "Rocky 
Mountain"  Ryan  and  Messrs.  Peterson  and  Murphy  have  bonded  to  Gen.  J. 
Warren  and  others.  A  shaft  was  first  sunk,  following  down  a  body  of  low- 
grade  pyrrhotlte  In  dlorlte  gangue.  In  which  copper  pyrites,  quartz  and  calclte 
gradually  came  In,  with  rising  gold  value,  which  at  fifty  feet  was  about  $i)0. 
A  cross-cut  Is  In  17.')  feet  to  tap  the  ledge  at  a  denth  of  2u0  feet,  and  at  ninety 
feet  struck  a  cross  ledge  carrying  several  feet  of  ore. 

Adjoining  the  Sovereign  on  the  southwest,  the  Joker  Gold  Mining  Company 
has  sunk  fifty  feet  on  the  Joker,  and  is  drifting  from  the  bottom  toward  the 
ledge,  on  a  stringer  which  assayed  $42. 

The  Vlnon,  northwest  of  the  Sovereign,  owned  by  T.  M.  Beamish  and  Frank 
and  Charles  Young,  of  Vancouver,  B.  C,  has  a  large  surface  showing  of  ore 
averaging  $13.  A  cross-cut,  now  In  twenty  feet,  will  tap  the  ledge  In  sixty  feet. 
The  first  claim  staked  on  I..ookout  Mountain  was  the  Red  Point,  located  In 
1893,  and  now  being  developed  by  the  Red  Point  Gold  Mining  Company.  The 
Btirface  ore  assayetl  $r,8  gold,  $10  silver,  and  the  ledge  will  be  tapped  In  twenty- 
five  feet  more  at  a  depth  of  ;i.")0  feet  by  a  cross-cut,  which  Is  In  275  feet. 

The  NIplssIng  group  of  three  claims,  owned  by  T.  M.  Beamish,  has  three 
Iron-capped  ledjres  crossing  It,  the  first  of  which  will  be  tapped  in  sixty  or 
seventy  feet  more  by  a  cross-cut,  now  In  140  feet.  This  cross-cut  was  run 
on  a  feeder  one  to  two  and  one-half  feet  wide,  assays  of  which  ranged  from  a 
trace  to  $68  gold. 

The  Ida  Queen  Gold  Mining  Company  has  run  a  tunnel  fifty  feet  on  an 
eight-foot  ledge  on  the  Ida  Queen,  assaying  $14  gold,  and  Is  extending  It  night 
and  day. 

On  the  Stemwlnder  group  of  four  claims,  the  Rossland  Columbia  Gold 
Mining  Company  has  sunk  twenty-two  feet,  showing  an  elghteen-lnch  streak 
of  copper  pyrites,  assaying  $16  gold  and  copper,  and  widening  with  depth, 
and  has  tunneled  forty  feet  from  the  surface. 

The  Bruce  Gold  Mining  Company  has  also  been  sinking  on  the  Bruce,  and 
has  fifty  tons  of  free-milling  ore  on  the  dump,  the  lowest  assay  of  which  ex- 
ceeded $60  gold. 


'0 


MININO    IN    THE    TACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Ill 


In  addition  to  Its  Deer  Park  Mountain  clalmn  the  nnnBian<i  t-.m  n,  %. 
Gold  Mining  Comimny  haa  the  Emma  CV  group  oMhrte  ctt?  on  I  ilj?/-*®^ 
heavy  Iron  caps  en  tho  northwest  slope  of  llookout  Mountain  h.ft  h[^f"  °J 
yet  begun  development.  liOOKoui  Mountain,   but  has  not 


The  l.lttle  Giant  Kroup  of  four  claims,  owned  by  iie  Canada  Mutual  Mlnln. 
&  Development  Compuny,  has  three  ledge«  In  whi,  .  .■xtenslv.  m,en  cuts  havf 
shown  beneath  the  capping  arHf>nl<-al  and  aulphM.-  ore  two  to  three  f^t  w1d2 
II  40  Koid  "  "*^  '      •  "'■*'"''""»*^  "*'«''>•«  ''•«'"  '^'^  Hurfac-e  showInK  $11  7C  tS 


Lookout  Mountain  has  peculiar  advantageH  for  cheap  transportation  and 
reduction,  for  a  cal.l..  tramway  one  and  one-half  miles  long  wSulU  lake  the 
ore  from  a.,  the  properties  dlri-ct  to  the  Trail  .smelter.  wuuiu  laKe  wie 

Within   the   last 


The  most  dev.lopment  has  been  done  by  the  Helen  Gold  Mlnlnir  Comnanv 
1^.^,"''';:".*\'    '.T  ^H'l'll  'iL*.'!""'   through  which   a  ledge  eighteen TnTi 


on    mo   ii<  •>  ii    (Si      WH   ui     I  line   v;ia.iiii.t,    mriiuKJi    wnicn    a    leagf    elKhtcen    Inchna 

to  twelve  feet  wide  has  been  traced.  An  Incline  shaft  Is  down  e  ifhtv  fee^ 
which  will  connect  with  a  200-foi.f  tunnel  at  a  depth  of  '.m  feet  Thp  tunnei 
shows  fron>  twelve  to  twenty-four  Inches  of  ore,  assaying  about  $12  sold  with 
a  little  silver  and  a  trace  of  lead,  though  some  assays  have  run  aa  hl'^h  m 
$1,200.     A  test  shipment  of  two  car  loads  will  be  mad''  tnls  spring. 

The. Knight  Templar,  owned  by  the  Knight  Tempi        lold  Mlnliiir  Comnanv 
has  a  IGO-foot  tunnel,  from  which  a  winze  goes  down  .^ixtv-flve  fc  t    showing 
a  larg.    body  of  low-grade  ore,  assaying  no  higher  than  126  K'dd.     The  wlnzl 
win  be      ink  to  the  100-foot  level,  whei.   drifts  will  be  run  eacli  way.         *'"*« 

The  aeattle  &  Grouse  Moumaln  Mining  Company  has  done  a  larv  amount 
of  surface  work  on  the  Jim  Mlaine.  .st  ven  miles  south  of  Rossi  ipI  md  four 
miles  from  the  Red  Mountain  Railroad,  and  has  shown  a  well-deflned  flBSiira 
ledge  two  and  one-half  feet  wide  cropolng  the  entire  leni^iii.  Tlie  Mary 
McCormlck  adjoins  It  on  the  north  and  has  given  assays  of  86  ounces  silver 
$4  gold  a  few  feet  from  the  .surface.  The  Jumbo,  on  the  Helen  extension' 
has  a  Hve-foot  ledge  of  free  milling  ore  croi'i>lng  clear  across  the  claim' 
and  tlie  Acme,  beyond  It  on  the  same  ledge,  Is  sinking  on  ore  which  averiteaa 
$30  to  $36  gold.  ^'-swi 

On  Sophie  Mountain,  seven  miles  southwest  of  Rossland,  are  some  great 
bodies  of  gold-copper,  on  which  ievelopment  Is  In  progres.s.  The  Victory- 
Triumph,  the  principal  scene  of  operations,  has  a  ledge  stripped  for  sixty 
feet  and  defined  for  twenty  feet  between  walls  at  anotter  point,  showing 
rich  cropplngs  of  copper  ore.  A  twelve-foot  shaft,  all  in  ore,  gave  assays 
Ifi.S  per  cent,  copper  and  a  trace  of  gold  on  the  surface:  22.1  per  cent,  copper 
$3.20  gold  four  feet  down,  and  30.4  per  cent,  copper,  $3  gold  at  a  depth  of  eight 
feet,  while  the  country  rock  carries  malachite  and  assays  9.7  per  cent,  copper 
A  forty-foot  tunnel  shows  nine  feet  of  mixed  ore,  with  streaks  assaying 
$19.50  gold,  silver  and  copper  thirty  l\ «  t  from  the  mouth.  This  tunnel  is  now 
in  125  feet  and  shows  a  full  breast  of  ore  averaging  $38. 

The  two  Olga  claims  are  being  opened  by  the  Olga  Gold  Mining  &  Milling 
Company  and  adjoin  the  Victory-Triumph.  There  are  three  ledges,  one 
averaging  six  or  seven  feet,  and  another,  which  is  now  Jielng  opened,  eight 
feet  wide.  Assays  of  surface  ore  from  the  latter  have  ranged  from  $2  27 
gwld  and  silver  to  $2  gold,  $8.13  silver,  54.55  per  cent.  lead. 

On  a  parallel  ledge  the  Abe  Lincoln  Mining  &  Milling  Company  has  the 
Abe  Lincoln  group  of  three  claims.  The  ledge  striking  southeast  and  riorth- 
west,  has  been  traced  over  1,000  feet  and  Is  defined  by  a  cross-cut  to  be  forty 
feet  wide,  the  gangue  being  quartz  carrying  gold  and  galena.  A  flfty-foot 
shaft  Is  down  on  the  footwall  and  a  cross-cut  has  been  run  at  the  bottom  for 
forty-two  feet,  from  which  drifting  has  begun. 

The  year  now  opening  also  promises  development  directly  north  of  Ross- 
land,  both  sulphide  and  free  milling  ore  being  found  there. 

On  the  Falu,  on  Green  Mountain,  a  shaft  seventy  feet  on  the  hanging 
wall,  from  which  a  cross-cut  struck  the  footwall  In  twenty  feet,  shows  a 
body  of  pay  ore  assaying  $38  to  $48  gold. 

A  mile  further  west  are  the  Highland  and  Sierra  Madre,  recently  bonded  ' 
to  an  Austrian  company  for  $32,000.     They  have  a  large  body  of  low-grade 
siliclous   ore,   carrying  a   good   percentage   of  copper  and   well   adapted    to 
concentration. 

At  McDonald's  Camp,  In  the  same  section,  Ross  Thompson,  John  Donahue 
and  E.  W.  Johnston  liave  the  three  Red  Cloud  claims,  two  of  which  are 
oh  a  forty-foot  ledge  running  east  and  west,  showing  four  feet  of  sulphide 
ore  in  a  number  or  cuts,  and  an  eight-foot  I»dge  of  similar  ore,  traced  by 
surface  cuts.  The  surface  ore  assays  between  $3  and  $4  gold,  and  a  tunnel, 
now  being  driven,  shows  Improvement. 

The   annual   report    of    Hon.   James   Baker.    Minister   of   Mines  for   the 


.m 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST, 


Province  of  HrltlHh  Columbia,  KlveH  th*-  i>ro<lu«;tton  of  the  Trail  Creek  D\a- 
trk't  for  the  yturH  18!»5  and  1896  aH  followH: 


Total 

Value. 

t    702.467 

1.243,361) 


Year—  Ore— TonH.       Gold  Silver.        Copper. 

1896  1!',B93    |  629,910     |3().49«    <42  021 

1896  38.075     l.iW.FOO     59.830     79,030 

To  this  may  be  added  nearly  $1,000,000  as  the  production  from  the  Hrat 
shipment  of  the  l-.e  Rol  In  1891  down  to  Jaauary  1.  1895,  for  which  period 
there  Ih  no  exact  record.  ThiH  would  brInK  the  total  close  to  $3,00t),000,  a 
large  proportion  of  which  waH  Hhlppcd  to  smelters  In  the  United  Btutes. 
The  growth  of  buHlness,  both  Import  and  export,  Is  shown  by  the  fact  that 
the  customs  collections  at  Rossland  In  1896  were  $92,629.20  and  at  Trail  (the 
month  of  December  lacking)  were  $60,896.40. 

A  year  ago  the  most  sanguine  mining  men  anticipated  an  <wen  greater 
production  for  1896  than  Is  shown  by  the  above  figures.  While  the  increase 
has  been  great,  the  returns  given  show  only  the  metal  extract*  d,  and  do 
not  take  Into  account  the  much  larger  quantity  of  ore  taken  out  but  not 
shipped  to  smeltt?rs.  Had  all  this  been  shipped.  It  wbuld  have  greatly 
swollen  the  total  production,  though  It  would  not  have  borne  out  the  extrav- 
agant predictions  made. 

But  the  shipment  of  this  ore  would  have  brought  small  profit  to  the  mine 
owner  In  proportion  to  Its  value,  and  that  brings  up  the  problem  which  con- 
fronts the  Trail  companies  and  has  prompted  tht-m  to  hold  their  low-grade 
ores  on  the  dump  or  In  the  mines.  That  Is  the  problem  of  cheap  reduction 
of  low-grade  sulphide  ores  on  the  mine  ground.  They  find  that  the  cost  of 
freight  and  treatment  bears  too  high  a  ratio  to  the  value  to  permit  of  ship- 
ment under  present  conditions,  the  capacity  of  the  Trail  smelter  being 
unequal  to  their  needs.  The  solution  is  that,  like  Rutte,  Rossland  must 
become  a  great  smelting  center  as  well  as  a  great  n  Ining  camp,  with  smelters 
and  concentrators  on  Sheep  Creek  and  the  Columbia  River,  where  there  is 
abundant  water  and  power.  On  this  subject  Mr.  Woodhouse  said  to  the 
writer: 

"The  miners  have  very  large  quantities  of  low-grade  ores  which  must  be 
worked  by  the  combination  process,  that  Is,  smelting,  milling,  concentration, 
chlorlnatlon  and  cyanide.  The  ore  carries,  on  an  average,  about  half  and 
half  silica  and  sulphide.  Those  ores  which  are  rich  enough  In  sulphides  to 
be  smelted  will  not  concentrate  to  advantage  because  they  are  already  con- 
centrated by  nature.  Those  ores  which  carry  about  half  and  half  sulphides 
and  quartz  should  be  concentrated  In  six  sizes  and  Cie  tails  crushed  to 
thlrty-mesh  screen,  passed  over  gold  plates  and  reconcentrated  with  Frue 
vanners  or  revolving  tables.  Those  ores  which  are  10  to  15  per  cent,  sulphides 
should  be  crushed  to  thirty-mesh  .u-reen,  passed  over  gold  plates  and  the 
free  gold  saved,  while  the  tails  should  be  concentrated  with  Frue  vanners 
and  revolving  tables.  These  processes  will  save  about  40  per  cent,  of  the 
gold  In  concentrates  and  40  per  cent,  free  on  the  plates.  This  will  require 
large  crushing  and  sizing  mill  capacities,  large  area  of  gold  plates.  Jigs, 
Frue  vanners  and  revolving  tables.  When  the  ores  are  worked  by  tltose 
processes,  Rossland  can  turn  out  more  ore  and  bullion  than  any  camp  on 
the  Coast,  in  the  ca.se  of  ores  containing  no  copper  or  olher  meiaU  which 
interfere  with  the  cyanide  process,  cyanide  could  be  applied  with  advantage. 
The  chlorination  process  would  be  adapted  to  high-grade  ores  which  did  hot 
carry  much  copper  or  other  metals  Interfering  with  Its  operation,  but  they 
could  be  smelted  to  better  advantage." 


SLOGAN. 

Paradoxical  as  it  may  seem  In  these  days  of  low  prices  for  sliver,  the 
most  productive  mining  district  In  the  FaclHc  Northwest  during  the  year  189G 
was  the  Slocan,  an  almost  exclusively  silver  district,  with  forty-seven  ship- 
ping mines  to  Its  credit.  Not  only  that,  but  It  promises  to  hold  the  same 
rank  with  a  largely  increased  production  In  18.^7,  for  all  the  producing  mines 
are  increasing  ', heir  output  and  many  others  a/e  stepping  foiward  into  the 
ranks  of  the  producers.  The  following  table,  taren  partly  from  the  leport 
of  W.  A.  Cariyle.  Provincial  Mineralogist,  iind  parilv  from  the  annual  report 
of  the  Minister  of  Mines  of  British  Columbia,  shews  the  rapid  increase  In 
production: 

Gold,  Silver,  Lead/  Grosrf 

Year—  Tons.      Ounces.      Ounce.s.  Pounds.  Value. 

1894   4,417  ...  Cl3,92e  5,623,(121         $   572,350 

1^*95   9,649  6  l.iyi,04;>  9,751,464  1,057,677 

1896   18.215  152  2,141,088  19.210.666  2  01U,048 

Some  conception  o?  the  probable  rate  of  increase  for  1897  can  be  formed 
from  the  fact  that  the  value  of  ore  .shipped  from  the  West  Kootenai  District 
In  January,  exclusive  of  the  last  week's  returns  from  Revelstoke,  was  $74?,000. 
and  that  nearly  all  of  this  came  from  Slocan.     It  is  estimated  that  there  will 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    N0RTHWB:ST. 


lit 


be  fully  Heventy-flvo  shipping  mliu'«  In  tho  dlfltrlct  thia  year  and  that  the 
original  forty-Beven  will  Hlilp  50,000  tons,  worth  $5,000,000 


lhl«  (llHtrlct  coniprlH.a  Uw.  strip  of  mountulnouH  country  between  Kootenul 
.ako  on  the  e.iHt  and  Sloean  Lake  on  the  west,  a  distance  of  tlfteen  mliea 
nd  extendInK  the  whole  length  of  the  latter  lake-about  twenty-three  m   ea 


I 
and 


across  the  range  from  Arrow  to  Slocan  Lake  and  from  Slocan  to  Kootenai 


native  of  the  Columbia  &  Kootenul  Railroad  between  Robson  and  Nel.son: 
thence  by  the  Kuslo  &  Slocan  Railroad  to  Sandon,  and  by  the  Nakusp  & 
Slocan.  Railroad  to  Slocan  Lake.  Steamers  ply  up  and  down  the  latter  lake 
In  connection  with  the  trains.  The  other  route  Is  from  Vancouver  over  the 
Canadian  PaclHc  Railroad  to  Revelstoke.  379  miles,  and  by  a  short  branch 
to  Arrowhead,  t'.lrtv-two  miles;  then  by  steamer  down  Upper  Arrow  Lake 
to  Nakusp  era  by  the  Nakusp  &  Slocan  Railroad  to  points  on  Slocan  Lake 
and  Sanil'-.i.  where  connection  Is  made  with  the  Kaslo  &  Slocan  Railroad  for 
Kootenai  Lake  points.  The  Canadian  I'acinc  is  now  building  a  branch  from 
Slocan  City,  at  the  south  end  of  Slocan  Lake,  to  Slocan  Crossing  on  the 
Kootenai  River,  opposite  Nelson,  connecting  at  the  latter  point  with  the 
Columbia  &  Kootenai  Railroad.  The  Provincial  government  has  been  very 
liberal  in  building  roads  and  trails  to  the  new  camps  and  the  nature  of  the 
country  favois  this  work.  The  cost  of  roads  is  estimated  at  $1,000  a  mile 
and  of  trails  at  $80  to  $125  a  mile.  The  steep  even  grades  of  the  mountains 
favor  the  transportation  of  ore  in  rawhides  over  snow  trails,  and  thus  the 
heaviest  shipments  are  made  during  the  winter. 

The  geological  formation  of  the  district  Is  best  described  in  the  language 
of  Dr.  George  M.  Dawson,  of  the  Dominion  Geological  Survey,  who  says  In 
his  report  of  1889: 

"A  large  part  of  the  West  Kootenai  District  is  occupied-  by  granite  and 
granitoid  rocks,  the  main  area  of  which  includes  the  whole  basin  of  the 
Lower  Arrow  Lake,  and  extends  thence  eastward  nearly  to  Queen's  Bay  on 
Kootenai  Lake.  Besides  this  granite  area,  there  are  several  others  of  smaller 
dimensions,  as  well  as  numerous  dikes  and  eruptions.  It  is  In  fact  probable 
that  about  one-half  of  the  entire  region  here  reported  upon  is  occupied  by 
granite  and  granitoid  rocks.  •  •  fv  The  granites  which  are  supposed  to 
be  of  the  greatest  ag«  were  found  in  sOme  places  underlying  the  lowest  beds 
of  the  gneisses  and  mlca-sciiists,  or  Shuawap  series.  The  granites  which, 
however,  oc6upy  by  ifar  the  largest  area  are  of  coarse  texture  and  are  chiar- 
acterized  by  black  mica,  with  frequently  much  black  hornblende.  *  ♦  • 
These  granites '  are  evidently  intruaive  and  of  much  later  date  than  the 
stratified  rocks,  which  are  altered  at  contacts." 

In  his  summary  report  for  1894,  R,  Q.  McConnell,  also  of  the  Dominion 
Geological  Survey,  aftn"  deBcrlblng  the  eruptive  rocks  and  granites,  adds: 
"In  addition  to  the  mam  areas  of  eruptive  rocks,  numerous  dikes,  some,  of 
them  connected  with  the  main  areas,  others  much  younger,  as  they  cut 
through  everything;  are  met  with  In  every  part  of  the  district." 

In  his  summary  report  of  1895,  Mr,  McConnell  adds  that  "the  region  be- 
tween Blocan  Lake  and  River  and  Kootenai  Lake  la  covered  mainly  by  granite 
fringed  on  the  north  and  east  by  a  border  of  slates  and  schists.  «  •  * 
The  principal  geological  boundary  in  the  district  is  the  sinuous  line  separating 
the  granite  area  from  the  bordering  slates." 

Mr,  Carlyle,  writing  of  the  whole  section  from  Kaslo  south  to  the  bound- 
ary, says: 

"It  Is  of  great  Interest  that  in  all  of  the  geolgical  series  represented  here 
are  veins  or  mineral  deposits,  especially  of  silver  and  sliver-lead  ores,  and  no 
longer  are  the  prospectors  limiting  their  researches  to  sj>eeial  formations  or 
parts  of  these  districtu,  but  energetic  prospecting  is  being  done  with  success- 
ful results  all  over  this  par*,  of  West  Kootenai.  For  a  long  lime  these  men 
refused  to  enter  the  granite  areas,  until  finally  the  discovery  by  some  less 
skeptical  of  the  silver-lead,  and  the  gold-and-silver,  or  -dry  ore,"  veins  on 
the  watersheds  of  Springer  and  Lemon  Creeks,  east  of  Slocan  Lake,  and  the 
Kuccess  of  the  Poorman  gold  mine  near  Nelson,  led  to  a  rush  of  men  into 
the  granite  regions  with  gratifying  results.     •     *     *       ^  ..     .  .^ 

"There  is  no  reasbn  why  mineral  should  not  be  found  in  all  of  these  for- 
mations here  present,  or  In  any  part  of  this  region,  unless  It  has  ao  happened 
that  the  conditions  have  prevailed  by  which  the  mineral-bearing  solutions 
have' not  had  openings  or  fractures  along  which  to  ascend  and  deposit  Ihe^r 
burden  of  precious  ores,  either'  by  tilling  up  pre-existing  caviiies,  oi-  v 
leaching  Into  or  impregnating  the  country  rock  with  valuable  minerals  On 
one  or  both  sides  of  the  channel  or  crevice;  The  finding  of  rich  veins,  of  ore 
in  either  of  the  series,  sucfH  as  of  silver-galena- ore,  points  strongly  to  the 
fact  trat  as  dettth  Is  obtained  In  n^ttlUB/' the  ic^tlnulty  of  ttoevpajo: chutes 


132 


MINING     IN     THE     PAOIKI'J     NORTHWEST. 


is  assured.  The  veins  may  be  "in  and  out,"  as  the  miners  icrni  It,  or  h;ive 
perfectly  barren  parts  alotig  the  lissure,  but  more  or  less  work  will  disclose 
other  ore  chutes  if  this  work  is  pushed  ahead  along  this  fracture  in  tho  rock, 
which  has  permitted  the  passage  of  ore-bearing  solutions  and  the  formation 
of  ore  bodit  s  along  it  elsewhere." 

Mr.  Carlyle  divides  thi  veins  of  the  Slo'?an  Into  four  classes,   viz: 

"1.  The  argentiferous-,  galena,  with  zinc  blende  and  some  gray  copper,  In 
a  gangue  of  quartz  and  spathic  iron.  These  veind  cut  across  the  stratified 
rocks  and  through  the  dikes  of  eruptive  rock,  where,  in  many  cases,  there  la 
a  good  body  of  ore,  and  they  also  occur  in  the  gi-anlte  area,  and  some  have 
been  traced  for  3,000  or  4,000  feet  along  the  strike  and  one  for  nearly  two  miles. 
In  the  Slocan  slates,  it  has  not  yet  been  proven  that,  as  the  vein  cuts  through 
shales,  slates,  limestones  or  quartzltos,  any  one  of  the  series  has  been  more 
favorable  to  the  formation  of  ore  bodies  than  another,  as  In  the  different 
veins  it  will  be  seen  that  good  oro  chutes  may  have  the  wall  of  any  of  the 
rocks  mentioned.  The  ore  has  been  deposited  along  Assures,  both  In  the  open 
lissure  cavities  and  by  impregnation  of  the  country  rock.  ♦  »  »  Most 
of  the  veins  are  narrow,  varying  from  two  and  three  inches  to  fifteen  and 
twenty  inches  in  width,  with  occasional  wldenings  to  three  or  four  f(iet  of 
solid  ore,  and  oven  much  more.  The  ore  chutes  are  not  persistent  horizon- 
tally, as  is  characteristic  of  nearly  all  veins,  but  ore  Is  often  continuous  for 
several  hundred  feet,  and  where  it  then  pinches  a  thin  stnak  of  oxides  la  the 
Index  usually  followed  in  the  search  for  more  ore,  which  seldom  falls  to 
reappear  with  more  or  less  work.  The  mistake  is  made  sometimes  of  follow- 
ing along  a  slip-wall  or  crevice  that  may  cross  the  vein  crevice  at  a  flat 
angle  and  thus  lead  the  miner  a.stray.  Besides  the  solid  ore,  some  Veins  liave 
associared  with  them  two,  three  or  more  feet  of  mixed  ore,  gangue  and 
country  lock,  which  may  be  of  such  grade  as  to  pay  well  for  concentration. 
•  •  *  The  product,  or  concentrates,  is  silver  bearing  galena,  but  any 
value  contained  In  the  decomposed  material  that  may  enter  the  mill  will 
In  all  jirobability  not  be  saved,  likewise  that  in  much  of  the  gray  copper, 
whlc  'i  apparently  slimes  badly  and  escapes.  *  •  •  It  might  be  well  to 
be  or  tl^e  look-out  for  gold,  remembering  the  good  gold  values  found  in  the 
galena  ores  of  the  Monitor  mine,  which  yield  from  $2  to  $14  In  gold  per  ton." 

Mr.  Carlyle  then  gives  a  statement  of  the  value  of  ore,  based  on  smeller 
'  returns  from  the  principal  mines,  tiie  lowest  being  40  to  125  ounces  silver  and 
15  to  13  per  cent,  lead,  and  the  highest  83  to  730  ounces  silver  and  19  to  67  per 
cent.  lead.  He  adds  that  in  mo.'st  of  the  veins  the  zinc  blende  carries  a  small 
silver  value  and  is  sorted  or  concentrated  out  of  Ihe  ore.  He  then  gives  ihe 
three  remaining  classes  of  ore  as  follows; 

"2.  The  veins  of  argentiferous  tetraht  drlte,  or  gray  copper,  and  jameson- 
ite  and  silver  compounds  in  a  quartz  gangue. 

"3.  The  dry  ore  veins  on  Springer  and  Lemon  Creeks,  In  the  granite, 
with  a  quartz  gangue  containing  argentlte,  native  silver  and  gold.  These 
veins  are  now  attracting  much  attention,  as  high  assay  ret  irns  have  oeea 
secured  as  per  smelter  returns. 

"4.    The  gold-quartz  veins  in  the  southern  [lart  of  the  granite." 

The  change  from  silver  to  gold  as  the  predominant  value  occurs  in  going 
from  north  to  south.  Near  Sandon  there  is  little  gold  In  the  ore;  at  Eight- 
Mile  Creek,  gold  is  first  noticeable;  on  L'.mon  Creek,  the  ore  is  almo.^t,  If 
not  entirely,  gold-bearing  and  of  high  grade,  assays  from  different  ledges 
ranging  from  $75  to  |200. 

The  Slocan  Star  group,  consisting  of  eight  clai-Tis.  and  owned  by  the 
Byron  N.  White  Compar:y,  is  acknowledged  to  be  th>>  greatest  mine  in  the 
district,  and  indeed  is  the"  greatest  ,'3ilver-lead  mine  in  British  Columbia. 
The  discovery  was  made  in  September,  lS9t,  by  Bruce  White  and  others.  In 
the  bed  of  Sandon  Creek  a  mile  from  the  present  tows;  of  Sandon,  of  a 
thirteen-foot  ledge  of  quartz  and  spathic  Iron  interspersed  wiih  galena,  zinc 
blende  and  slate.  The  croppings  of  the  lar,?e  ore  chute  now  being  worlced 
were  discovered  SOO  feet  west.  The  ledge,  vary!  g-  from  a  few  feet  to  twenty 
or  thirty  feet  in  width,  cuts  the  slate,  quart  ite  and  limestone  formation 
almost  at  right  angles,  in  an  ea.st  and  west  coujae,  and  has  a  large  porphyry 
dike  running  parallel  and  at  places  found  withlii  it.  It  contains  Tn  the  large 
chute  from  a  IVw  feet  to  twenty-five  feet  ot  mixed  ore,  and  b<idles  of  solid 
galena  from  two  to  ten  feet  wide  have  been  mined.  The  first-class  ore,  which 
is  shipped  direct  to  the  smelter,  is  almost  pure  galena,  averaging  93  ounces 
silver,  72  to  75  per  cent,  lead  The  concentrating  ore  Is  spathic  Iron,  quartz 
gangue,  with  galena,  a  little  gray  copper  and  some  sliver  sulphides,  most  of 
the  7lnc  blende  being  sorted  out.  The  concentrates  average  80  ounces  silver, 
TO  per  cent.  lead. 

In  development,  a  tunnel  was  first  I'un  fifty  *  er  Into  the  croppings  and 
a  Btope  made  thirty  feft  to  the  surface.  Then  a  c  ■ '-.sa-cut  was  driven  KM)  feet 
and  a  drift  100  feet,  fzom  which  ore  was  sloped  co  the  upper  tunnel  eighty 
feet  long  and  four  to  ten  feet  wide.  The  third  tunnel,  seventy  feet  below, 
cut  a  feeder  at  seventy  feet,  on  which  a  twenty-five  foot  drift  was  run  and 
then  cut  the  mnin  kdjre  at  l.iO  ftet.  A  i.lft-foot  drift  to  the  went  ran  throuirh 
low-«rrnde  ore  and  then  entered  high-gmde  ore,  on  which  a  110-foot  slope  to 
the  cu.-il  almost  connected  with  the  short  drift  on  the  feeder,  leaving  a  forty- 
foot  pillar  of  concentrating  ore.     The  drift  is  430  feet  long,  mostly  on  con- 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFrC    NORTHWEST. 


133 


jy  the 

In  the 
mhia. 
rs,  In 
of  a 
sine 

/brked 
wenty 

nation 
phyry 
large 
solid 
which 
Uhces 
uartz 
est  of 

silver, 


centrating  ore,  and  the  stope  Is  180  feet  long,  four  to  seven  feet  wide  and 
worked  to  the  upper  level.  The  fourth  tunnel  tapped  the  ledge  at  575  feet, 
where  it  was  ten  to  twelve  feet  wid'i,  and  a  seventy-nve  foot  drift  west 
op)ened  eight  to  ten  feet  of  mixed  .  until  a  fault  wa.s  .struck.  From  a  drift 
100  feet  tast  an  upraise  was  made  .  j  feet  to  the  next  level,  In  god  mixed  ore 
which  was  fourteen  to  sixteen  feet  a\,  the  tunnel  level.  A  cross-cut  at  150  feet 
In  this  drift  showed  twenty-five  feet  of  mixed  ore,  with  .several  feet  of  solid 
galena,  but  at  225  feet  the  chute  narrowed  to  three  feet.  The  lifth  tunnel 
will  at  800  feet  tap  the  ledge  210  feet  on  the  ledge  below  the  fourth  and  la 
being  driven  with  four  air  drills.  An  eighty-foot  tunnel  near  the  cropping; 
in  the  creek  showed  consideratole  ore,  but  in  broken  ground.  The  ore  la 
hauled  by  a  1,600-foot  gravity  tramway  to  the  mill,  whence  a  half-mile  road 
leads  to  Sandon.  The  mill  is  operated  by  water  power  from  a  3.000-foot 
flume  and  has  a  crusher,  four  sets  of  rolls,  twelve  jigs  and  two  alime  tables. 
Its  maximum  capacity  being  150  tons  in  twenty-four  hours.  The  mine  shipped 
to  December  1,  1896,  11,350  tons  of  ore  and  concentrates,  wortl  at  th*-  smtlter 
$990,000,  and  during  the  winter  shipped  1,000  tons  a  month.  It  naa  paid  $aiiO,0U« 
in  dividends. 

The  Eureka,  on  the  extension  of  the  Slocan  Star  up  the  mountain,  is 
owned  by  Byron  N.  White,  Bruce  White,  John  A.  Finch  and  Charles  Cham- 
bers, who  have  tunneled  20O  feet  on  it  and  shown  the  same  grade  of  ore  a^ 
the  Slocan  Star. 

On  the  Slocan  Star  ledge,  which  has  been  traced  Into  It  throu^  the  Eureka 
for  2,500  feet,  is  the  Richmond,  one  mile  from  Sandon.  A  tiftv-foot  tunnel 
has  shown  the  ledge  two  to  six  feet  wide,  carrying  galena,  z'nc  blende,  spathic 
iron  and  quartz,  which  assays  $75  silver,  60  per  c-nt.  lead.  Another  tunnel 
will  be  driven  liJO  feet  below,  attaining  a  depth  of  600  feet  on  the  ledge. 

The  Ruth  group  of  three  claims  and  a  fraction,  half  a  mile  from  the 
Slocan  Star,  Is  owned  by  D.  E.  and  W.  H.  McVey  and  by  H.  M.  Foster,  of 
England,  who  paid  $166,000  for  a  two-thirds  interest.  The  ledge  cuts  the 
slates  northeast  V)y  southwest  and  ranges  from  Uiree  to  nirie  feet  wide, 
carrying  coarse  galena  in  a  gangue  of  spathic  iron  and  quartz,  which  runs 
from  100  to  120  ounces  silver,  54  to  76  per  cent,  lead,  and  on  the  surface  carries 
carbonates  running  30  to  65  ounces  silver.  The  lower  tunnel  follows  the  ;^idge 
for  360  feet,  but  had  not  reached  the  ore  chute  stoped  above.  The  second 
tunnel,  740  feet  long,  showed  little  ore  for  the  first  ninety  feet,  then  the  ledge 
b*ame  more  defined  for  sixty  feet  and  after  this  a  stope  160  feet  long  runs 
up  for  forty  feet  on  an  average  of  three  to  three  and  one-half  feev,  an  up- 
raise of  eighty-five  feet  connecting  with  the  third  tunnel.  Another  .-tope 
fifty-five  feet  long  and  thirty  feet  high  is  in  four  and  one-half  feet  of  galena, 
spathic  Iron  and  carbonates,  and  a  third  stope  160  feet  long  and  forty  feet 
high  has  three  and  one-half  to  four  f ■  et  of  ore,  while  the  tunnel  beyond 
shows  eight  feet  of  ore  for  twenty-flve  feet  and  an  eighty-foot  upraise,  at  83» 
feet  in,  is  also  In  ore.  The  third  tunnel,  330  feet  long,  is  in  a  narrower  ore 
body  all  the  way,  but  shows  thr.^e  feet  of  galena  and  carbonates  in  the  face- 
About  1,500  tons  had  been  shipped  up  to  August,  1896,  sixty  tons  a  day  are 
fcc'ng  shipped  and  $50,000  In  dividends  hav<-  been  paid. 

The  Wonderful  group  of  th/ee  claims,  a  mile  further  wfst,  owned  by  the 
Wonderful  Group  Miring  Company,  Is  well  named,  for  it  has  also  been  called 
the  galena  hydraulic.  Origina)ly  600  feet  of  tunnels,  with  a  series  of  cro.'^S- 
cuts,  drifts  and  upraises,  had  been  driven  to  define  the  main  ledge,  but  with- 
out success.  Ore  'ay  scattered  plentifully  through  the  surface  wash  and 
shattered  slate,  and  therefore,  when  B.  J.  Field  took  charge  as  superintend- 
ent for  the  company,  he  brought  water  by  flume  from  both  Miller  and  Tribu- 
tary Creeks  to  sluice  off  this  surface  wash  and  expose  the  solid  formation. 
Water  was  turned  on  the  wash  and,  rushing  down  the  mountain  to  Carpenter 
Creek,  swept  It  clean  to  bedrock.  It  was  found  that  pieces  of  galena  ore 
were  loft  In  the  bottom  of  ♦he  cut  and  periodical  clean-ups  resulted  in  the 
shipment  of  ore  worth  $43,690  :rom  this  hydraulic,  one  boulder  of  solid  galena 
weighing  1,300  pounds.  This  ore  assayed  113  to  133  ounces  silver  and  lO  to  76 
per  cent.  lead.  The  mineral-bearing  wash  was  only  100  to  120  feet  wide  and 
the  pay  dirt,  containing  much  decomposed  ore  which  was  swept  aw»y,  was 
much  narrower.  This  washing  finally  exposed  a  .solid  ledge  in  place  near 
the  railroad,  running  aouthwpst  and  northeast,  twelve  feet  wide.  The  longest 
tunnel  In  the  old  workings,  ««,3  feet,  was  then  extended  500  feet  and  a  cross-cut 
made  fifteen  feet  wide,  showing  no  mineral  at  that  point,  a  depth  of  ^00  fwt. 
A  drift  now  being  run  on  the  ledge  Is  in  200  te^Jt  and  struck  ore  at  100  f«.>t  In 
stringers,  which  are  becoming  more  abundant  and  give  evidence  of  the  prox- 
imity of  an  ore  body.  Two  '^ir  loads  have  been  shipped  from  this  Umu<'\. 
Another  tunnel,  now  In  210  feet,  will  strike  tho  ledge  100  feet  below  the  .••»- 
posure  in  the  wash.  Sluicing  will  be  resumed  this  spring.  There  are  two 
other  ledges  higher  up  the  mountain.  u      ^^  -»  ».,♦  4>«,.™ 

The  Argo  group  of  three  claims  is  on  »  le?8;«  0"!^  j^.f^w  ^""^r'-d  fopt  frnm 
Snndon  and  was  located  In  the  summer  of  \m  by  William  biiowden  Jehn  A. 
Whlttier  and  Alexander  McDonald  on  a  ledge  showing  thrro  to  four  feet  of 
solid  ore.  A  tunnel  Is  being  run  to  explore  the  ledge,  and  has  recently 
struck  eight  inches  of  solid  galena.  n^^,„^  T5«it.D.  a-a  nn  a 

The  two  Monitor  claims  at  Three  Forks,  owned  by  George  Pe^tv.^'ire  on  a 
northeast  and  southwest  ledge  erosslng  the  slate  at  rlglit  angles  near   a 


=  I. 


iLin 


184 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


■'^i'W 


porphyry  dike.  The  ledge  varies  from  a  few  Inches  to  three  and  one-half 
teei  ot  gaKna  anu  carbonates,  'ihe  lowest  cross-cut,  161  feet,  has  not  struck 
the  led^e,  but  lifteen  feet  higher  a  tunnel  runs  27.5  feet  on  the  ledge,  with  ore 
for  1&5  feet  from  three  to  thirty  Inches  wide.  A  cross-cut  lo  the  west  Will 
catch  the  ledge  again  beyond  a  rifty-foot  fault.  A  tlfty-foot  cross-cut  100  feet 
higher  struck  the  ledge  again,  but  much  broken.  Another  crosscut  seventy- 
three  feet  long  tapped  the  ledge  110  feet  higher  and  from  It  drifts  were  run 
both  ways,  with  a  stope  seventy-Hve  feet  long  and  thirty-eight  feet,  to  the 
surface  on  twelve  to  sixteen  Inches  of  ore,  besides  much  shattered  slate 
cemented  with  g.ilena.  The  ore  differs  from  others  In  Slocan  In  carrying 
gold,  shipments  having  returned  '$2  to  $14  gold,  142  to  30  ounces  silver,  37  to  55 
per  cent.  lead.  The  average  of  eighty-eight  tons  of  carbonate  ore  was  $L3 
gold,  12S.4  to  323.8  ouncis  silver  and  19  to  33  per  cent.  lead.  The  mine  haa 
yielded  an  estimated  prolit  of  115,000. 

On   the   west  extension   of   the   two  lower   Wonderful    ledges,    which   are 
exposed  In  the  deep  canyon  of  Miller  Creek,  the  Miller  Creek  Mining  ' 
pany  has  a  group  of  two  claims  and  a  fraction  aggregating  130  acres,  on  '   r. 
100  feet  of  work  has  been  done  and  development  Is  about  to  be  resumea. 

The  idler,  at  Three  Forks,  GOO  feet  above  the  Nakusp  &  Slocan  Railroaa, 
is  being  developed  by  the  Idler  Mining  Company,  and  has  .unusually  good 
surface  indieaiiony.  A  tunnel  cut  the  ledge  twelve  feet  below  the  suriace, 
showing  it  twenty  inchts  wide,  with  six  inches  of  galena,  fifteen  assays  of 
which  avragcd  1430,  the  balance  being  impregnated  with  carbonates  of  Silver 
and  lead.  A  cross-cut  is  being  run  to  tap  the  ledge  125  feet  deeper  and, 
including  offshoots,  is  over  200  feet  long.  Another  large  ledge  further  down 
the  mountain  will  he  developed  this  summer. 

In  the  Alamo  group  of  eight  claims  the  Alamo  Mining  Company  has.  In 
the  opinion  of  Mr.  Carlyle,  one  of  the  largest  and  most  productive  ore  chutea 
yet  mined  in  the  Slocan.  It  strikes  east  and  west  across  a  deep  spur  from 
the  main  ridge  in  the  Alamo  Basin,  three  and  one-half  miles  up  Howson 
Creek,  and  from  the   lissure  eight  to  nine  feet  of  solid  galena,   mixt'.'   with 

gray  copper  and  carbonates,  have  been  stoped,  and  much  mixed  ore  haa 
een  concentrated.  The  lowest  tunnel,  300  feet  along  the  ledge,  showed  little 
ore,  but  a  drift  130  feet  northwest  and  thirty-four  feet  southeast  appar^tly 
atruck  it  again  beyond  a  fault.  In  the  next  tunnel,  340  feet,  and  the  third, 
a  large  amount  of  ore  has  been  stoped  from  a  chute  four  to  six  feet  wide, 
with  mixed  ore  occupying  the  remaining  space  between  two  smooth  walls. 
The  remaining  tunnel,  240  feet  below  the  summit,  is  in  several  hundred  feel 
and  stoplng  extends  tnirty  to  forty  feet  above  this  level.  Another  cross-cut  Is 
being  run  to  tap  the  l^dge  in  1,000  feet  at  a  depth  of  *W0  feet  and  compressed 
air  drills  are  being  installed.  Other  good  ledges  are  being  developed  in  other 
parts  of  the  property.  A  three-rail  tramway  340  feet  long  transports  the  ore 
to  bins,  whence  it  Is  hauled  three  miles  by  wagons  to  the  head  of  a  similar 
tramway  7,100  feet  long,  which  transports  it  to  the  concentrator  on  the  rail- 
road. The  mill,  owned  by  the  Slocan  Milling  Company,  is  operated  by  water 
power  from  Howson  and  Carpenter  Creeks  and  has  a  capacity  of  fifty  tons  a 
day,  the  machinery  being  modern  and  complete. 

The  Idaho  Mining  Company,  under  the  same  management,  is  mining  the 
extension  of  the  Alamo  ledge  by  extensions  of  the  Alamo  tunnels  through 
the  Idaho  and  St.  John  ground.  In  the  upper  tunnel  Is  a  stope  twenty-flve  to 
thirty  feet  to  the  surface  on  ten  to  thirty  inches  of  ore,  and  a  sixty-foot 
upraise  to  the  surface  is  on  twelve  to  fifteen  inches  of  ore,  while  there  are 
two  feet  of  solid  galena  and  four  to  five  feet  of  mill  ore  in  the  face  of  the 
level.  Another  k-dge  runs  northeast  and  southwest  across  the  Idaho  Basin 
and  much  good  ore  has  been  taken  from  the  upper  cuts  and  tunnels,  but  the 
main  tunnel,  550  feet  long,  .showed  little  ore,  but  ten  to  twelve  feet  of  alate, 
quartii,  calcite  and  Iron  i)yrites.  The  profits  of  the  Idaho  to  March  1  are 
estimated  at  $132,000. 

The  Cumberland  Mining  Company  has  five  clalrna  on  either  the  Idaho 
ledge  Just  mentioned,  or  a  parallel  ledge,  and  in  its  third  tunnel  has  sloped 
a  narrow  vein  of  almost  solid  galena  and  blende  for  350  feet,  and  is  mining 
a  four  to  ten  inch  streak  of  calena  in  an  underhand  stope.  A  cross-cut  la  In 
600  feet  to  cut  two  small  ledges  several  hundred  feet  lower.  Ore  is  shipped 
by  the  Alamo  road  and  tramway  and  milled  at  the  Alamo  mill. 

The  Alamo,  Idaho  and  Cumberland  ledges  aro  said  to  extend  through  the 
Hustler  and  Silver  Bell,  on  which  a  Victoria  syndicate  has  done  some  work 
and  will  do  more  this  summer. 

The  Sunshine  Mining  Company  shipped  several  car  loads  c;  galena  In  1894 
and  1805  from  the  Yakima  group  of  four  claims  In  the  next  basin  east  of  the 
Alamo.  On  the  Wild  Goose  and  Corinth,  J.  Ollhooley,  A.  J.  Mu-  ^hy  and 
A.  Behue  have  shown  six  to  twenty-four  inches  of  solid  galena  by  dtrfpplng 
for  20O  feet  and  are  tunneling  on  the  ledre. 

Thorough  exploration  Is  In  progress  by  John  A.  Finch,  R  L.arsen,  ■William 
Glynn  and  J.  H.  Moran  on  the  Queen  Been  gfroup  of  seven  claims  on  the  ^;aot 
slope  of  Howson  Creek.  There  are  four  ludjes  within  500  feet.  A  20(l-foot  tun- 
nel showed  the  east  one  to  bo  small  and  uecomposed,  carrying  ore  forty  tons 
»x  "S^ll'S'^  shipped  In  1893  returned  9C  ounces  silver  and  74  per  cent.  lead. 
At  300  feet  In  this  tunnel  the  leJgg  was  cross  cut,  twenty-flve  feet  between 
walls,  showing  two  feet  of  eolld  ialTia  on  the  hanging  wall,  which  carries  11» 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


m 


are 


ounces  silver  and  65  per  cent  lead.  Another  tunnel,  driven  350  feet,  taps  the 
teilge  150  feet  lower  and  has  twelve  inches  of  ore  of  the  same  grad6  in  the  teiOi. 
The  west  ledge  runs  northeast  and  southv.-est  and  from  a  sixty-foot  tunytel, 
from  which  a  stope  was  run  twenty  to  thirty  feet,  produced  galena  ore 
assaying  141  ounces  silver  and  75  per  Cent.  lead.  A  winze  is  down  eighty 
feet  at  the  face  on  two  leaders  of  galena  separated  by  four  feet  of  slate. 
The  third  vein  has  been  stripped  for  200  feet  and  is  a  wide  zone  h^kVlly  iron- 
stalned,  carrying  a  little  galena  and  assaying  $4  to  JC  gold.  The  fourth  JlB^ge 
shows  on  the  surface  six  inches  of  carbonate  ore  assaying  CO  to  60  oilncea 
silver  and  as  much  as  40  per  cent.  lead.  Shipments  aggregate  180  tons,  which 
averaged  143  ounces  silver  and  75  per  cent.  lead. 

The  Canadian  group  of  five  claims,  owned  by  Mr.  Adams,  of  Sandoii,'  kn«J 
W.  H.  Brandon,  of  Slocan  City,  is  on  the  summit  of  the  rldgo  between  muth 
Carpenter  Creek  and  Four-Mile  Cretk  and  has  several  small  galena  l,e<lS8:es. 
One  of  these,  a  few  inches  wide,  can  be  traced  north  and  south  for  soriie  flls- 
tance.  Another,  oarrying  galena,  in  calclte  and  quartz,  crops  four  to  twelve 
inches  wide  and  in  the  lower  of  two  short  tunnels  has  three  to  live  feet  ot 
mixed  ore.  Another  nortii  and  south  ledge  shows  solid  galena  in  the  crop- 
pings  and  Is  traceable  several  hundred  feet,  and  in  a  tlilrty-Ilve  foot  ti^niicl 
on  the  hanging  wall  shows  coarse  calclte  with  some  galena. 

Adjoining  the  Canadian  on  the  east  are  the  Ivanhoe  and  Elgin,  which  thf 
Minnesota  Silver  Coni<)any  Is  developing.  Two  cross-cuts  connected  by  a 
seventy-foot  upraise,  and  with  drifts  from  both,  opened  an  ore  chute  Blxty 
to  seventy  feet  long  and  containing  as  much  as  five  feet  of  solid  and  concen- 
tratlnt,'  ore.  A  third  cross-cut  has  been  driven  150  feet  below  and  fifteen 
car  loads  of  ore  were  shipped  last  year. 

The  Adams  group  of  four  claims  and  a  fraction,  owned  by  Capt.  L,  C. 
Adams,  of  Montreal,  and  others,  is  on  the  same  ridge  as  the  Canadian  group 
and  has  a  number  of  closely  parallel  veins  of  galena.  An  open  cut  shows 
one  to  be  fifteen  to  thirty  Inches  wide,  of  mixed  ore,  with  four  to  fourteen 
inches  of  solid  ore  on  the  summit  and  another  vein  crossing  It.  A  tWelve- 
foot  tunnel  has  been  driven  on  four  to  twelve  inches  of  pure  galena  where 
three  or  four  narrow  veins  almost  unite.  A  twenty-foot  tunnel  is  in  on  one 
of  several  small  veins  on  the  north  slope,  showing  four  feet  of  mixed  ore, 
and  in  the  cropplngs  this  ledge  shows  eight  feet  of  mixed  ore,  with  small 
stringers.  Another  ledge  shows  four  feet  of  mixed  ore.  Tunnels  have  been 
run  to  tap  these  ledges,  one  of  fifty  feet,  150  feet  below  the  summit,  having 
six  or  seven  feet  of  concentrating  ore,  and  another  of  245  feet,  400  feet  below, 
following  ore  for  the  last  forty  feet. 

The  Noble  Five  Consolidated  Mln\ng  &  Milling  Company  has  five  cluims 
on  one  ledge  and  three  on  another,  with  a  possible  third,  three  and  one-haU 
miles  by  trail  from  Sandon.  The  main  ledge  has  cropplngs  of  iron  rpck, 
carrying  galena,  spathic  Iron  and  blende,  which  In  the  mine  run  in  bands 
along  each -wall  by  turns.  The  ledges  run  northeast  and  southwest  tiirouJTh 
slate  and  limestone  and  carry  their  best  oro  chutes  where  they  cut  porpjfjvry 
dikes,  the  ore  being  galena,  carbonates  and  oxides  In  spathic  fron  and  qMrta 
gangue.  The  mine  was  at  first  crudely  worked  by  means  of  small  drifts, 
but  Is  now  being  thoroughly  developed.  A  sixty-flve  foot  tunnel  end  al^ort 
,  cross-cuts  first  resulted  in  the  finding  of  gool  ore,  but  on  account  of  snow- 
'slides  work  was  started  in  a  new  place.  Tunnels  have  been  driven  aggre- 
gating 1,380  feet,  opening  the  ledge  to  a  depth  of  600  feet,  and  the  hlgh-gTada 
ore  has  been  sloped  to  a  width  of  six  to  eight  feet,  leaving  sevev  to  nine  feet 
of  concentrating  ore  In  the  drifts.  \  main  tunnel  has  been  ilriven  200  feet 
lower,  cross-cutting  the  ledge  wheie  there  is  a  strong  cropping  of  gaJeTUi, 
and  will  be  connected  with  the  upp°r  tunnels  by  winzes.  On  the  Dcacfttian 
ledge  three  tunnels  have  been  run  ind  twenty-six  car  loads  of  ore  taken 
out,  the  carbonates  assaying  63  ounc  s  silver  and  '6  per  cent.  lead,  and,  th« 
solid  galena  as  much  as  2B5  ounces  sll  .er  and  69  per  cent,  lead.  The  anioiilnt 
of  ore  shipped  up  to  December  1,  iM6.  was  2,000  tons,  and  between  that  data 
and  May  3,  1897,  It  was  estimated  that  i\0':0  tons  were  shipped  to  the  concen- 


of  the  Slocan  Star  and  has  a  capacity  of  120  tons  a  day.  The  net  profits  of 
the  mine  are  estimated  at  $50,000  to  March  1,  fronr  $125,000  'o  |150,000  worth 
of  ore  having  been  taken  out  prior  to  August  1,  18!6. 

On  the  Last  Chance  group  of  four  claims  and  a  fraction  itie  Last  Chance 
Mining  &  Mlliir.g  Company  has  '.wo  small  parallel  ledges  running  northeast 
and  Bouthwo.'^t.  west  of  the  Noble  Five  group.  On  one  ledge  is  a  240-foot 
tunnel  with  cross-cuts  and  drifts  on  feeders  and  is  tapped  100  feet  below  by  a 
180-foot  cross-cut,  from  which  drifts  run  I'iO  feet,  and  which  ha.s  been  e.xteneed 
to  the  other  ledge.  An  Incline  on  the  ledge  W;iS  extended  as  a  drift  midwiBy 
betv/een  the  two  tunnels  and  ran  through  high  grade  galena  a  few  inches  to 
three  feet  wide,  mostly  loUd  but  partly  In  quartz  gangue  Near  the  surfarca 
the  ore  was  -'ch  oarbonatcE,  Bilpments  In  1895  aggn^ated  nine  carloads 
Rfsaylng  186  to  191  ounces  silver  and  71  to  'i8  per  cent,  lead,  and  In  1896,  17  ca*"- 
loads  averaging  182  oun«,!es  silver  and  6?  per  cent.  lead.  The  ntiiie,  like  others 
In  the  Plocan  has  palfl  not  only  for  its  development,  equipment  and  purchase 
of  adjoinlne  claims,  but  $50,000  In  dividends. 


u 


136 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


From  the  American  Boy,  adjoining.  Thomas  McGuigan  has  phlpped  Ave 
carloads  and  from  the  Ajax,  Matthews  &  Braden  have  shipped  high  grade 
ore.  as  well  as  from  the  Ruby  J:  ver,  north  of  the  Noble  Five.  Dr.  Hendryx, 
of  Nelson,  is  cross-cutting  a  iedge  on  the  Galena,  which  la  the  supposed 
extension  of  the  R.  E.  Lee  ledge. 

The  Reco  group  of  live  claims,  immediately  east  of  the  Noble  Five,  which 
la  owned  by  the  Reco  Mining  &  Milling  Company,  has  two  ledges,  the  Big  and 

Se  Small.  Three  tunnels  liave  been  run  on  the  former,  one  650  and  another 
I  feet  long,  a  125-foot  upraise  connecting  the  two.  The  ledge  varies  from  a 
flS'w  inches  to  several  feet  wide  of  decomposed  ledge  matter  and  from  it  were 
shipped  in  1895  four  carloads  of  galena  averaging  179.8  ounces  .sliver  and  71  per 
cent,  lead  and  nine  ca,rloads  of  carbonates  yielding  from  89.3  to  161.6  ounces 
stiver  and  23.2  to  37.1  per  cent.  lead.     The  Small,  or  Goodenough,  ledge  has 

8 elded  some  of  the  richest  ore  In  the  district  and  has  been  mined  Jointly  with 
e  Goodenough  by  three  cross-cuts,  from  w.iich  drifts  have  been  run.  The 
Rsdge  is  from  two  to  twenty  Inches  of  solid  ore,  at  times  becoming  only  a 
■arrow  streak  of  iron-stained  matter,  and  is  richest  where  It  crosses  the 
porphyry  dikes.  The  galena  ore  runs  from  225  to  730  ounces  silver  and  t)7  per 
cent.  !"'i  and  the  carbonate  ore,  of  which  twenty  carloads  have  been  shipped, 
yielded  230  lo  oZ'.2  ounces  sliver  and  19  to  28  per  cent.  lead.  This  mine,  like  the 
li^st  Chance,  has  paid  for  itself  and  adjoining  claims  and  paid  93^\000  dlri- 
dends.  The  ore  shipped  up  to  Decembei  1,  1896,  aggregated  about  $200,000  In 
9»lue  and  to  this  another  $200,000  was  added  during  the  winter,  the  average 
ralue  at  the  smolter  being  $200. 

Below  the  Reco,  on  the  same  veins,  is  the  Sovereign,  on  which  John 
A.  Finch  has  tunneled  75  and  30O  feet,  gaining  150  feet  of  depth  and  showing 
from  one  to  twenty  Inches  of  carbonates  in  several  chutes.  He  has  shipped 
8ve  carloads  running  about  100  ounces  silver  and  GO  per  cent.  lead. 

On  the  Goodenough  and  anpther  claim,  John  A.  Whittler,  J.  H.  Thompson, 
J.  M.  Martin,  A.  W.  Goodenough  and  C.  F.  ICent  have  been  working  in 
Qonnectlon  with  the  Reco.  The  lowest  working  is  a  cross-cut,  275  feet,  from 
which,  where  it  taps  the  small  vein,  an  upraise  for  169  feet  has  been  made  to 
the  fourth  level  on  several  Inches  of  high  grade  ore  and  a  drift  runs  Into  the 
Beco  ground  with  good  ore  for  110  feet  above  and  below.  The  ore  has  been 
ail  stojied  from  the  upper  tunnels  to  the  surface.  The  ore  shipped  ranged 
flrom  277  to  507  ounces  sliver  and  48  to  67  per  cent,  lead  for  galena,  and  168.5  to 
92.5  ounces  silver  and  2  to  34  per  cent,  lead  for  carbonates.  The  mine  shipped 
90  tons  up  to  December  1,  189G,  and  2!50  tons  more  during  the  winter,  worth  at 
the  smelter  $400,  and  has  paii":  *35,000  in  dividends. 

Adjoining  the  Reco  and  Goodenough,  the  Blue  Bird  Mining  Company  has 
the  Blue  Bird  and  another  claim  on  a  ledge  cropping  thirty  feet  wide  with  a 
number  of  spurs  from  both  directions.  In  prospecting  for  the  pay  streak 
JW.OOO  worth  of  surface  ore,  carrying  135  to  138  ounces  filver  and  72  to  75  per 
oent.  lead,  was  taken  out  and  shipped.  A  shaft  was  sunk  seventy-five  feet 
•nd  a  drift  run  150  feet  on  what  appears  to  be  the  true  ledge  four  feet  wide, 
With  four  to  eight  Inches  of  ore  carrying  as  high  as  425  ounces  silver.  Two 
.  Oiirloads  have  been  shipped  carrying  175  ounces  silver  and  t;5  per  cent.  lead. 

The  Chambers  group  of  four  claims  soutli  of  the  Goodenough,  owned  by 
Charles  Chambers  and  others,  is  on  a  ledge  of  concentrating  ore  forty  to  sixty 
wet  wide,  which  run.^  from  Carpenter  Creek  up  the  mountain.  About  500  feet 
at  development  has  been  done  and  one  carload  was  shipped  In  1890  which 
returned  89  ounces  silver  and  70  per  cent.  lead. 

The  R.  E.  Lee,  five  miles  by  trail  and  road  from  the  Kaslo  ft;  Slocan  Rail- 
road, is  being  developed  by  Lorenzo  Alexander  of  Kaslo.  The  ledge  is  a 
•arrow  one  of  galena  striking  northeast  and  southwest  and  shows  eighteen 
Inches  wlje  in  some  places.  Two  tunnels,  one  of  them  500  feet  long,  are 
aonnected  by  an  upraise  of  ninety-five  feet  and  an  incline  runs  down  from  the 
tower  tunnel.  Three  carloads  were  shipped  last  year,  averaging  130  ounces 
aiver  arid  75  per  cent.  lead. 

The  Slocan  Boy,  leased  by  S.  K.  Green  and  others  to  T.  M.  Oib-son  and 
Lang  Keith,  has  two  ledges,  one  of  which,  small  but  rich,  is  worked  by  three 
tunnels,  one  140.  another  ICO  feet.  The  other  is  the  southern  extenssion  of  the 
Washington  ledge  and  is  tapped  at  100  fef^t  by  a  200-foot  shaft,  from  the  bottom 
tf  which  a  drift  runs  235  feet,  connecting  with  a  170-foot  tunnel,  run  on  the 
fcdge  from  the  surface.  Ten  carloads  of  galena  and  carbonates  have  been 
shipped,  of  which  thirty  tons  from  the  small  ledge  gave  3314  cunces  silver 
and  75.4  per  cent,  lead  and  the  ore  from  the  other  ledge  averaged  over  100 
ounces  sliver  and  68  per  cent.  lead.  The  mln«  Is  estimated  to  have  paid  $25,000 
profit. 

The  Payne,  now  the  principal  claim  in  a  group  of  four,  Is  the  pioneer 
location,  as  well  as  one  of  the  best  paying  mines  !n  the  district,  and  Is  now 
jwned  by  W.  A.  McCune,  of  Snit  Lake.  Throupii  an  error  ai«  to  the '*rend  of 
ftie  vein,  which  is  northeast  and  southwest,  the  Paynt^  is  iocatert  acfoSH  It. 
▲  300-foot  tunnel  follows  ore  continuously,  with  a  maximum  width  of  thro© 
feet  of  high  grade  ptalena.  Another  tunnel  nf  good  lenniti  has  been  run  I'-'wer 
dov,-n  the  mountain  and  a  third  runs  in  higher,  with  slopen  to  th?  siurface, 

?,nd  drifts  on  the  ore-chutes  in  both  tunnelB  allowed  both  chutes  to  continue 
or  over  200  feet.      Mr.   McCune  has  begun  vi^joruus  development,  an'1   shi!>- 
ments  up  to  September,  1896,  aggregated  JlOO.uOO,  and  were  MoW  in  Deceiaber, 


$100,000  in  JanuJ 
1,148  tons,  nettil 
year.      The  caiT 
lead  and  the  gs 
March  1  are  est| 
The   Payne 
Becipi-ocity  grc 
Company  is  heL 
gulch  having  tl| 
of  the  ledge. 

The  Ramsde 

Sapphire  and  G\ 

There  Is  a  flfteJ 

of  the  ledge  maj 

and  one  hundrel 

from  them.     Oil 

two  more  carlol 

has  ore  in  the  fJ 

The  two  Wif 

on  Payne  Moui 

has  built  a  gra\l 

capacity.     Thei 

&  Slocan  Ralln 

to  twelve  feet  ■w 

and  quartz.     T 

decomposed  ore 

ledge,  which  wi 

of  concentrating 

ore  assays  108  1 

centratea,  of  w 

ounces  of  silvei 

been  about  $360, 

$20,000. 

The  Best  gro 

P.  Larsen  and 

Dardanelles  Bai 

ridge  is  seamed 

northwest  and 

galena,  a  little  Y 

is  down  seventy 

three  feet.     A  3 

ore  at  100  feet  ar 

upraise  was  in  e 

Also  on  the  T 

owned  by  the  P 

pany.     It  has  t 

similar  to  the  I 

and  porphyry  c 

In  a  tunnel.     T 

to  t>e  Best  led 

carrying  gray  o 

foot  tunnel  with 

tons  returned  4! 

Bay  smelter.     < 

of  high  grade  g 

win  he  continu 

lower  tunnel  is  i 

In  six  inches  tc 

chute  cut  by  tl 

been  started  at 

425  feet.     The  c 

five  feet  of  ore 

Shipments  havi 

from  galena  or 

carbonates,      IJ 

Active  oper 

claims  or  the  ! 

Ryan.     The  let 

tons  have  been 

March  1. 

Alexander  H 
which  is  under 
The  Ruby  F 
Matthews  .^  B 
assaying  19S.2  o 
assaving  2B«.4  o 
On  the  Eur 
foot  ledge,  froi 
1896,  and  bad  6 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


in 


$100,000  in  January  and  $110,000  in  February.  Tlie  shipments  in  March  were 
1,148  tons,  netting  $100  a  ton,  and  fully  1,000  tons  a  month  will  be  shipped  this 
year.  The  carbonates  assayed  80  to  100  ounces  silver  and  35  to  40  per  cent, 
lead  and  the  galena  175  oinces  silver  and  70  per  cent.  lead.  The  proflta  up  t« 
March  1  are  estimated  a^  $250,000. 

The  Payne  ledge  almost  certainly  extends  southwest  into  the  Slocan- 
Reclprccity  group  of  two  claims,  on  which  the  Slocan-Recipro<;ity  Mining 
Company  is  beginning  work,  for  galena  float  in  the  bed  and  on  one  .side  of  a 
gulch  having  the  same  course  as  the  ledge  extended  indicates  the  proximity 
of  the  ledge. 

The  Ramsdell  Mining  &  Milling  Company  has  begun  shipping  ore  from  the 
Sapphire  and  Gem,  two  miles  northeast  of  Sandon,  adjoining  the  Payne  group. 
There  is  a  flf teen-foot  ledge  containing  eight  Inches  of  solid  galena,  the  rest 
of  the  ledge  matter  being  concentrating  ore.  Three  tunnels  are  in  thirty,  fifty 
and  one  hundred  feet,  all  in  an  ore  chute,  and  are  being  continued,  with  stopes 
from  them.  One  carload  returned  210  ounces  silver  and  76  per  cent,  load  and 
two  more  carloads  have  lately  been  shipped  from  the  100-fcot  tunnel,  which 
has  ore  In  the  face.     Three  carloads  monthly  will  be  shipped  af.ter  June  1. 

The  two  Washington  claims,  with  a  controlling  interest  In  three  others 
on  Payne  Mountain,  are  owned  by  the  Washington  Mining  Company,  whiih 
has  built  a  gravity  tramway  1,450  feet  to  the  concentrator  of  eighty  tons  dally 
capacity.  Thence  a  three-mile  road  leads  to  McGuIgan  Station  on  the  Kas>i 
&  Slocan  Railroad.  The  ledge  strikes  northeast  by  southwest  and  is  thr«« 
to  twelve  feet  wide,  with  five  to  six  feet  of  galena  in  a  gangue  of  spathic  Iroi 
and  quartz.  There  are  also  bodies  of  clfian  galena,  but  little  carbonates  or 
decomposed  ore.  There  are  three  tunnels,  giving  n  depth  of.  330  feet  on  the 
ledge,  which  with  connections  and  drifts  aggregate  1,540  feet,  and  20,000  toae 
of  concentrating  ore  have  been  blocked  out,  reducing  five  into  one.  The  cruAe 
ore  assays  108  to  136  ounces  silver  and  62  to  66  per  cent,  lead  and  the  com- 
centrates,  of  which  fifty  to  sixty  carloads  were  shipped  In  1896.  yielded  9 
ounces  of  sliver  and  60  per  cent,  lead,  and  the  total  production  to  date  haa 
been  about  $350,000.  The  estimated  profits  prior  to  incorporation  were  about 
520.000. 

The  Best  group  of  two  claims,  owned  ^y  A.  W.  McCune,  George  M.  Hughe*, 
P.  Larsen  and  Scott  McDonald,  Is  on  the  ridge  separating  Best  Basin  fro» 
Dardanelles  Basin  and  is  four  miles  from  McGulgan  Station.  This  granite 
ridge  is  seamed  with  quartz  ledges  from  a  few  inches  to  six  feet  wide,  runnl»« 
northwest  and  southeast,  and  carrying  tetrahedrlte  and  jamesonlte,  with 
galena,  a  little  blende  and  copper  and  Iron  pyrites  in  placts.  An  Incline  shaft 
Is  down  seventy-five  feet  with  a  drift  twenty-five  feet,  both  In  ore  as  wide  as 
three  feet.  A  312-foot  tunnel  120  feet  below  struck  six  to  eight  inches  of  goot 
ore  at  100  feet  and  followed  It  for  sixty-five  feet,  and  at  215  feet  a  fifty-five  t«oi 
upraise  w^as  In  eighteen  Inches  of  galena,  gray  copper  and  blende. 

Also  on  the  Best  Basin  is  the  Rambler  group  of  four  claims  and  a  fraction, 
owned  by  the  Rambler  &  Caribou  Consolidated  Gold  &  Silver  Mining  Con»- 
pany.  It  has  two  distinct  series  of  ledges,  two  in  the  granite  carrying  ose 
similar  to  the  Best,  and  a  small  seam  of  galena  running  through  the  sli.^ 
and  porphyry  close  to  the  granite  contact,  which  has  widened  to  three  I'vm 
In  a  tunnel.  The  ledges  in  the  granite  are  »•  raceable  400  feet  at  right  angii* 
to  t>e  Best  ledges,  one  of  them  showing  three  to  twenty  Inches  wide  and 
carrying  gray  eoppr  and  JHmesonlte,  and  being  continuous  In  a  sevenly-ftT* 
foot  tunnel  with  two  to  twenty  inches  of  fine  gray  copper  ore.  Of  this  ela:hte«m 
tons  returned  499  ounces  silver,  $7..')0  gold  and  2  per  cent,  copper  at  the  Pilot 
Bay  smelter.  On  the  silver  lead  ledfees  a  tunnel  is  in  220  feet,  with  five  feet 
of  high  grade  galena  and  pyrites  ore  In  the  bottom  for  the  first  165  feet,  and 
win  be  continued  to  tap  another  ore-chute  showing  on  the  surface.  The 
lower  tunnel  Is  a  cross-cut  for  eighty  feet,  then  runs  seventy  feet  on  the  ledR«, 
in  six  Inches  to  five  feet  of  ore,  and  in  fifty-five  feet  more  will  tap  the  oi* 
chute  cut  by  the  upper  tunnel  at  a  depth  of  sfiventy  feet.  A  cross-cut  bac 
been  started  at  a  depth  of  325  feet  below  the  lower  tunnel  to  tap  the  ledge  In 
425  feet.  The  dry  ore  vein  which  is  being  worked  on  the  Best,  where  it  ha« 
five  feet  of  ore  assaying  600  ounces  silver,  also  extends  throuph  this  property. 
Shipments  have  yielded  79.6  to  S73.?  ounces  silver  and  31  to  64  per  cent.  leM 
from  galena  ore.  and  166  to  178  5  ounces  sliver  and  22%  uer  cent,  lead  froai 
carbonates.     Dividends  of  $4i,000  have  been  paid. 

Active  opemtlonp  are  a\^o  in  progres.-s  en  the  Antome  gro"p  of  thrw 
elnlma  on  th?  Surprise  Basin,  by  C.  H.  Green,  of  Saginaw,  Mich.,  and  J.  C 
Ryan.  The  ledge  carries  three  feet  of  ore  assaying  about  $250  and  about  6w 
tone  have  been  shipped.     A  dividend  of  about  $10,000  had  been  paid  prior  to 

Alexander  Smith,  of  Kaslo,  Is  making  regulai  shipments  from  the  SurprtB&. 
■which  Is  understood  to  hr-vc  paid  Mm  about  $20,000  profit. 

The  Ruby  Silver,  dlrrotlv  north  of  the  Noble  Five,  Is  being  develofed  h^ 
Matthews  .^  Braden,  of  Koslo,  who  In  18S6  shipped  eleven  and  one-half  ton* 
assaying  198.2  ounces  silver  and  46  per  ceat.  lead  and  thi/teen  and  one-half  toict 
assavlng  2B«.4  ouncea  stiver  and  66  per  cent.  lead.  ^  -r^         ,. 

On  the  Eureka  croup  of  six  claims  Messrs.  Gte^n  and  Ryan  have  a  foirr- 
f-)ot  led^c,  from  which  they  hnd  shipped  800  tons  jf  $150  ore  up  to  Decembe-i', 
t896,  and  bKd  600  tons  In  sight, 


I 


n 


IBS  MINING    I.N    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 

The  Dardanelles  gror.p  of  four  claims  on  the  Dardanelles  Basin  between 
Best  and  Jackson  Bas'.na  is  being  developed  by  the  Dardanelles  Mining  & 
Milling  Company.  The  first  work  was  done  on  a  ledge  cutting  across  the 
slates  and  porphyry  dikes  and  consisted  of  a  22&-foot  shaft  and  1,300  feet  of 
drifts,  from  which  shipments  of  over  250  tons  averaged  265  ounces  silver  and 
83  per  cent,  load,  and  seventy-six  tons  of  second-class  ore  returned  over  75 
ounces  sliver  and  26  per  cent.  lead.  Smelter  returns  ranged  from  145.8  to 
470.2  ounces  sliver  and  15  to  56  per  cent.  lead.  A  steam  hoist  and  pump  have 
been  put  in  the  shaft  and  development  is  now  proceeding  on  parallel  ledges. 
The  mine  had  paid  considerable  profit  before  incorporation  last  summer,  but 
the  amount  could  not  be  ascertained. 

The  Jackson  group  of  five  claims,  formerly  the  Northern  Belle,  on  Jackson 
Basin,  five  miles  south  of  Whitewater  Station  on  the  Kasio  &  Slocan  Railroad 
and  five  miles  by  trail  from  Sardon,  Is  being  developed  by  George  Alexander. 
The  ledge  cuts  through  carboniferous  shales,  slates  and  limestones  and  along 
the  footwali  has  from  a  few  inches  to  three  feet  of  zinc  blende,  then  galena  in 
various  form's  in  quartz  and  spathic  iron  gangue,  including  as  much  as 
eighteen  inches  of  solid  ore  and  several  feet  of  milling  ore.  The  highest 
tunnel,  fifty  feet,  ran  on  a  big  outcrop  of  decomposed  vein-matter  and  blende; 
the  next,  sixty  feet  below,  runs  250  feet  on  the  ledge  and  has  been  the  source  of 
most  ore;  sixty  feet  below,  a  cross-cut  taps  the  vein;  the  fourth  tunnel,  135 
feet  lower,  runs  340  feet  on  a  smooth  wall,  with  a  small  amount  of  ore;  the 
fifth  is  being  nm  from  a  strong  cropping  on  Jackson  CreeTi,  which  shows  two 
feet  of  black  jack  against  the  wail,  then  three  to  four  feet  of  eruptive  rock, 
and  then  twelve  to  twenty-four  inches  of  steel  galena,  which  continues  to  the 
face-  The  ore  averages  at  the  smelter  about  $80  and  the  six  tunnels  have  been 
continued,  1,200  tons  being  shipped  during  the  winter.  The  estimated  proflta 
to  March  1  were  $20,000. 

The  two  Whitewater  claims,  one  and  one-halt  miles  by  road  from  White- 
water Station  on  the  Kaslo  &  Slocan  Railroad,  have  paid  for  themselves  and 
yJalded  about  $40,000  profit  to  their  owners,  J.  C.  Eaton,  J.  L.  Retallack,  J.  L. 
Montgomery  and  W.  C.  Pierce,  of  Kaslo.  The  country  rock  being  shattered 
for  ten  to  twenty-five  feet  from  the  fissure,  no  blasting  is  required,  but  the 
tunnels  need  thorough  timbering.  Along  the  footwali  is  as  much  as  five  feet 
Of  spathic  iron,  then  a  streak  of  galena  and  then  carbonates  or  oxidized  iron, 
often  scattered  through  the  shale  for  twenty  feet.  The  ledge  has  been  stripped 
for  800  feet  and  several  carloads  of  iron  oxides  and  carbonates  shipped.  The 
upper  tunnel  runs  thirty  feet  along  the  ledge,  the  second,  260  feet  below, 
follows  it  for  200  feet,  with  little  ore;  the  third,  seventy-five  feet  deeper, 
Is  In  400  feet,  with  a  small  stope  near  the  mouth,  from  which  three  or 
faiir  carloads  have  been  shipped,  an  almost  barren  stretch  of  340  feet  fol- 
l^ing.  Then  the  ore  chute  widens  to  six  inches  to  six  feet  of  solid 
ore.  The  fourth  tunnel,  ninety-six  feet  on  the  ledge-  below,  was  425  feet  lonf 
and  had  four  to  ten  Inches  of  ore  for  20O  feet,  then  In  a  cross-cut  had 
twenty  feet  of  barren  shale  with  steel  galena  on  each  side.  A  narrow 
streak  of  carbonates  was  followed  for  forty  feet  near  the  mouth,  then  a 
fifteen-foot  winze  and  a  short  tunnel  followed  good  ore.  The  fifth  tunnel,  104 
fef*t  .lower,  is  In  175  feet  and  has  two  feet  of  spathic  iron  in  the  face  and  In  a 
forty-foot  stope  showed  six  to  twelve  inches  of  steel  galena,  besides  coarse 
broken  galena.  The  first  shipments  from  Slocan  via  Kaslo  consisted  of  six 
lots  from  this  mine  at  a  time  when  the  cost  was  $100  a  ton  for  all  charges.  The 
value  of  carbonates  ranges  from  72  to  298.5  ounces  silver  and  11  to  30  per  cent, 
leadf  that  of  galena  from  75  to  362.6  ounces  silver  and  .35  to  65  per  cent,  lead,  an 
avjajage  for  the  whole  output  for  1896  of  114  ounces  silver  and  30  per  cent.  lead. 
In  the  same  vicinity  development  is  In  progress  on  the  Elkhorn,  the  east 
extrusion  of  the  Whitewater;  the  Charleston,  by  J.  Mitchell;  the  Corean,  from 
which  ore  is  being  taken;  the  Lone  Star,  by  the  Hansa.rd  Mining  Company,  the 
Sunset  and  Colorado,  on  the  extension  of  the  Wellington;  and  the  Eldon  group 
oftwo  by  the  Eldon  Gold  &  Silver  Mining  Company. 

t  The  Wellington  group  of  seven  claims,  two  miles  by  road  and  trail  from 
the  Kaslo  &  Slocan  Railroad,  is  being  developed  by  the  Kootenai  &  Columbia 
Prospecting  &  Mining  Company.  There  are  two  ledges  in  slate  formation, 
oxie  running  northeast  and  southwest,  the  other  a  wide  crushed  zone  carrying 
Btrln&crs  and  pockets  of  quartz,  spathic  Iron  and  calcspar,  runnlnsr  east  and 
vi^st.  A  170- foot  cross-cut  taps  one  ledge  at  a  depth  of  forty  fet,.  and  an  800- 
foot  cross-cut  taps  the  other  at  550  feet  at  a  depth  of  200  feet  and  all  the  work- 
I39C8  are  connected  at  this  level.  The  ground,  being  soft,  requires  no  blasting, 
b\it  needs  thorough  timbering.  The  ore  is  carbonates  and  galena  with  gray 
copper  and  zinc  blende  and  returns  125  to  328  ounces  silver  and  10  to  55  per  cent. 
lead   4f)0  tons  having  averaged  173  ounces  silver  and  30  per  cent.  lend. 

O;  he  extension  of  the  Wellington  ledges  to  Bear  Lake,  the  Santa  Maria 
Silver  Mining  <;ompany  has  developed  the  Santa  Maria  by  tapping  the  ledge 
Ift  three  cross-cuts,  thirty,  sixty  and  120  feet  long,  gaining  a  maximum  depth 
at,  eighty  feel.  Much  of  the  ore  is  high  grade,  running  600  to  700  ounces  silver 
a^d  «0  per  cent,  lead  and  there  is  four  feet  of  concentrating,  ore  carrying  about 
IS  ot»fic«8  silver. 

Also  on  Bear  Lake  I.3C0  feet  south  of  the  railroad,  William  Brade^n  and  B. 
J.  Matthews  are  developing  the  Lucky  Jim  group  with  three  power  drills. 
The  led««  i»  4e8crlbt<i  as  in  a  fauited  contact,  beiweei|.9lat«  »nd  Itmeston*. 

.'.■:T--  (iT ,  ;<>■(  Cv  ... 


MINING    IN    THE    SACIF.W    NC^RXHWEST. 


,< 


\.>  .'V 


?r. 


•fi^  ^ 


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iNotx.: 

1.  Multle 

ilUghi!*, 

2.  Mt.   Chief. 
.>.  t.uiiluiiuii. 

«■  AlpHa. 

a.  iauno  Cum- 

.    .     berland. 

••  Alaiiiu. 

'•  gueen   Beam 

*•  Ivy  hWit. 

>•  Heed  A 

•tl-  Auuiim. 

\\j  8  ooan  star 

U.  iioluiiUei 
>*■  tUtieblrd.' 
iJ.  ChumbeiM. 
1*.  Keco. 
17.  Nuble  Flv 
.^^'  ;V""iniotii. 
1».  Payne  Boy. 
:'0.  Slocan  Boy. 
21.  L,ucKy   Jim. 

-w.  Kumbler, 
24.  Northern 
„   ,      ^  Belle, 

..-      .  r        Hill. 

27.   .VtelUngton. 

*•  Irene. 

».  MetlaRatla 

M.  Oltiiwti. 

31.  Jardlne. 

iZ.  Alice- utlca 
33.  Muiuezumu 
I    34.  Surelle. 

I  36.  Bartleth 

Bros. 

36.  Uilndle. 

37.  BoBton. 
:t8.  Thomson. 

39.  Fiaher 

Maiden. 

40.  Vaneouvur. 

41.  Galena 

Farm. 

42.  Currle. 

43.  IJalsy. 

44.  Granite 

MountaUi. 

45.  Mountain 

View. 

46.  I..   H. 
:4T.  Silver 

,„  ^        Band. 

48.  Topaz. 

49.  KalLspell. 
!iO.  Edmonton. 
51.  DiilliouBle. 
.'>2.  Nepawa. 

53.  Enterprise. 

54.  M'e.stmount 
•Vi.  I.,one  Star. 
M.  U  &  I. 

57.  Conundrum 

58.  Ada  Rehan 
Mt.  St.    Fitul. 

60.  Arlington. 

61.  iBondholfU'r 
«2.  Ottawa. 

61  Tamarack. 

64.  Star. 

65.  Dayton. 

66.  Old  Glory. 
IT.  Nancy 

Hanks. 

t.y  1X1... 

551,  Republk!. 
;o.  Scot.'^man. 

1.  Ranger- 

Skylark. 

2.  Exchange. 
'3.  Chiiplean. 

4.  Howard 

Fraction. 

5.  Almar. 
B.  Two 

,.  „    Friends. 

?•  Silver  King 

»■  Crusader. 

!'  C.  P.  R. 

0.  Alpine. 
1 1.  Blac^ 

„  ,,     lf>lnc«. 

^  Meteor. 

'•  f'cean. 

I I  Wakefleld. 
'  •   Retriever. 

i   Pearl  l.,ulu 

■    Rarly  Bird. 
T   Hkyllne. 
*'■  Sweden 
, ,  ,  Lakevlew. 

'■  HiRhVand. 

;  .lefr  DavLs. 
Potlatch. 
Mllp  Point. 
I     Hohtail. 
8  .  Jen     e  May 
'  •  I'oii  ih. 
'  ■  '"res  *ent. 


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=r^yV'Wil>lK.WMWWii.^-'*?W<IMi^fat^.,i-^>jfc;j 


and  galenn,  zli 
and  side  llHsurc 
C9,2  to  75  ounce.' 
produce  concon 
The  Noiiiiiiri^i 
J.  G.  McLt-an  i 
•wide  shown  In  i 
four  to  fourtee; 
225  ounces  sllvc 

The  Londor 
railroad,  Is  beli 
pany.  A  forty 
four-foot  ledKe 
been  driven  350 
the  rldgo  and  h 
from  150  to  267 
have  to  be  con( 
this  spring. 

On  the  sout 
Creeks  Is  anoth 
tween  the  slate 

Beginning  { 
Hughes  shippc( 
Ing  130  ounces  s 
caught  up  agal 
shipped  last  fa 

On  the  Gra 
McKenzle  have 
nels.  The  Mgl 
an  Incline,  and 
A  third  tunnel, 
and  a  fourth,  e 
for  110  feet,  but 
running  north 
decomposed  m£ 
avet^g:Jng  115  o; 
conveys  the  ore 

A  mile  nortl 
J.  Marino  and 

The  Reed  ,! 
ownership,  alor 
miles  from  Sllv 
110  feet  on  the  1 
and  several  ln< 
Jenny  Llnd,  Pt 
have  cut  It  dla 
cerilratlng  ore 
g&lena'  Ih    189S 
tunneled  forty 
the  Wakefield 
h«i*e  tunneled 
galena,  with  c; 
Mining  Compai 
to  thirty  inchej 
35  to  66  per  cenl 

Seven  mlles^ 
acquired  by  til 
east  and  soutlf 
two  small  tun  I 
th*se,  a  100  foJ 
drifts  aggregat 
■with  native  si| 
ounces  silver 
24  per  ceht.  1o^t| 
entire  output  i 

The  Galen? 
one  and  one-hl 
scattered  over] 
now  owned  bj 
and  west  and 
Iron  carrying  , 
fifty-foot  shafi 
east  and  sevel 
high  grade  gal 
drift  was  An  n 
sixteen  Inchesl 
sink  slxty-flv| 
north  and  soi; 
fe«t.     This  01 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


139 


and  galena,  zlno  blende,  Iron  pyrites  and  carbonates  occur  In  larRc  pookota 
ana  side  flssures  penetrating  the  UmeHtone.  Tlio  value  of  110  tons  shipped  was 
59.2  to  75  ounces  sliver  and  r.O  to  56  per  cent,  load  and  the  second  grade  ore  will 
produce  concentrates  carrying  60  to  75  ounces  silver  and  55  per  cent,  lead. 

The  NonparoU  group,  adjoining,  which  has  been  bondtvd  by  W.  C.  McLean, 
J.  G.  McLean  and  W.  A.  Flager  to  W.  N.  Rolfe,  has  a  ledge  four  or  five  feet 
wide  shown  in  a  300-foot  tunnel  and  100  feit  of  open  work,  with  a  pay  streak  of 
four  to  fourteen  Inches  of  galena,  sample  shipments  of  which  ran  from  200  to 
226  otinees  silver. 

The  London  group  of  three  claims  and  a  fraction. 'three  miles  from  the 
railroad,  Is  being  developed  by  the  London  Hill  Development  &  Mining  Com- 
pany. A  forty-foot  tunnel  has  been  driven  near  the  summit  of  a  ridge  on  a 
four-foot  ledge  carrying  gray  copper  and  silver  sulphides.  A  cross-cut  has 
been  driven  .^O  feet  to  tap  the  ledge  at  a  depth  of  200  feet  on  the  other  side  of 
the  rldgo  and  has  cut  several  small  quaftz  veins.  Forty  tons  shipped  returned 
from  150  to  267  ounces  silver  and  there  la  much  second  grade  ore  which  will 
have  to  be  concentrated.  A  cable  tramway  will  be  bullf  down  the  mountain 
this  spring. 

On  the  south  slope  of  the  ridge  between  South  Carpenter  and  Four-Mile 
Creeks  Is  another  series  of  mines,  the  latter  stream  forming  the  boundary  be- 
tween the  slate  and  granite  formations. 

Beginning  at  the  west  Is  the  Mountain  Chief,  from  which  George  W. 
Hughes  shipped  a  large  amount  of  galena  ore  In  1893  to  1895,  the  value  averag- 
ing 130  ounces  sliver  and  70  per  cent.  lead.  The  ledge  was  then  lost  and  was 
caught  up  again  only  after  much  prospecting.  Several  carloads  of  ore  were 
shipped  last  fall  and  a  long  cross-cut  Is  being  driven  to  tap  the  ledge. 

On  the  Grady  group  James  McNaught,  Alexander  McKenzle  and  James 
McKenzle  have  a  ledge  running  northeast  and  southwest,  opened  by  five  tun- 
nels. The  highest  Is  about  300  feet  long,  with  three  upraises,  cross-cuts  and 
an  incline,  and  another  runs  fifty  feet  In  another  direction  on  the  same  level. 
A  third  tunnel,  Immediately  below.  Is  connected  by  stopes  with  the  upper  ones, 
and  a  fourth,  eighty  feet  below,  taps  the  ledge  at  100  feet  and  Is  then  a  drift 
for  110  feet,  but  shows  no  ore.  The  fifth,  below  this  one,  follows  another  ledge 
running  north  and  south  for  110  feet,  with  several  Inches  of  Iron  oxides  or 
decomposed  ipatter  on  the  jyall.  Over  1,000  tons  of  ore  have  been  shipped, 
averag:ing  115  ounces  silver  and  70  per  cent  lea4.  A  1,200-foot  gravity  tramway 
conveys  the  ore  ip  jthe  road,  two  an(^  one-half  miles  from  Sllverton. 

A  mile  northwest  or  the  Grady  Is  the  California,  from  which  J.  McDonald, 
J.  Marino  and  B.  C.  Van  Houten  shipped  a  carload  of  ore  last  fall. 

The  Reed  &  Robertson  group  comprises  a  string  of  claims,  of  various 
ownership,  along  a  strong  ledge  running  north  and  south  across  the  ridge  six 
miles  from  Sllverton.  On  the  two  Reed  claims.  C.  W.  Callahan  has  a  tunnel 
110  feet  on  the  ledge  showing  ten  to  twelve  feet  of  milling  ore  In  calclte  gangue 
and  several  Inches  of  solid  galena,  which  also  crop  300  feet  above.  On  the 
Jenny  Llnd,  Paul  and  Charles  Anderson  have  800  feet  of  the  same  ledge  and 
have  cut  It  diagonally  by  a  150-foot  tunnel  showing  Irregular  masses  of  con-i 
certlratlng  ore  andL  stringers  of  solid  galena.  They  shipped  thirty  tons  of 
galena'  Ih  1895.  Oh  the  Robertson,  Willdam  Robertson  and  others  have 
turineled  forty  feet,  showing  eight  to  ten  feet  of  calclte  with  little  galena.  On 
the  Wakefield  group  of  three  claims,  George  Falrburn  and  William  Smith 
hate  tunneled  125  feet  and  at  eighty  feet  had  sixteen  to  twenty  inches  of  apUd 
galena,  with  calclte  beyond  it  lying  almost  flat.  On  tha  Buffalo,  the  Buffalo 
Mining  Company  has  shown  by  a  twenty-foot  shaft  and  several  cross-cuts  six 
to  thirty  Inches  of  galena  and  carbonates  carrying  170  to  352  ounces  silver  and 
35  to  66  per  cent,  lead  and  is  continuing  development. 

Seven  miles  east  of  Sllverton  by  trail  is  the  Fisher  Maiden  {.roup,  recently 
acquired  by  the  Fisher  Maiden  Mining  Company.  The  ledge  running  north- 
east and  southwest  crops  In  syenitic  granite  on  both  sides  of  a  gulch  and  In 
two  small  tunnels  was  stoped  to  the  surface  one  to  three  feet  wide.  Below 
th*se.  a  100-foot  tunnel  with  cross-cuts  had  been  run  on  the  south  and  four 
drifts  aggregating  400  feet  on  the  north,  showing  zinc  blende  and  some  galena, 
with  native  silver  along  the  seams.  Fifty  tons  shipped  In  1894  returned  180 
ounces  silver  and  a  later  shipment  of  thirty  tons  yielded  367  ounces  sliver  and 
24  per  ceht.  lead.  A  coritract  has  been  made  with  the  Everett  smelter  for  the 
entire  output  to  May  IB.  „,  ,    , 

The  Galena  Farm,  composed  of  five  claims  a  mile  from  Slocan  Lake  and 
one  and  one-half  miles  from  Sllverton,  was  so  named  from  the  finding  of  pre 
scattered  over  a  plateau  and  the  subsequent  discovery  of  a  large  ledge,  and  la 
now  owned  by  the  Galena  Mines  Company  of  London.  The  ledge  rups  east 
and  west  and  has  been  traced  for  1,600  feet  by  cropplngs  of  quartz  and  spathic 
iron  carrying  galena  and  zinc  blende  twelve  to. fourteen  feet  wide.  From  a 
fifty-foot  shaft  a  cross-cut  tapped  the  ledge  In  twelve  feet  and  drifts  sixty  feet 
east  and  seventy  feet  west  shoWed  a  large  body  of  concentrating  ore,  with 
high  grade  galena  on  the  hanging  wall.  A  forty-five  foot  winze  in  the  west 
delft  waa-dn  tdaxr  feet  oC'^blid  galena  and  an  open  cut  500  feet  west  sJaoWed 
sixteen  inches  of  galena  on  the  footwall.  A  two-compartment  shaft  has,  been 
sink  sixty-flve  feet  to  strike  the  ledge «.t  130  feet  and  at  forty-one  feet  cut  a 
north  and  south  cross  ledge  of  concentrating  ore,  which  It  followed  for  ten 
feet.     This  oro  concentrates  five  lnt6  one,  the  product  carrying  123  oimces , 


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Photographic 

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Corporation 


23  WEST  MAin  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4S03 


iL 


140 


MINING    IN    TKT5    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


silver  and  62  per  cent,  l-'ad.  At  100  feet  this  shaft  struck  two  feet  of  shlpplnc 
ore.  The  shaft  has  been  equipped  with  a  hoist  and  pumps  and  Is  being  sunK 
600  feet  with  cross-cuts  to  the  lee  ge  at  every  100  feet.  The  ore  is  milling  and 
concentrating,  though  a  shipment  of  sorted  ore  returned  98.  ounces  silver  and 
FT  per  cent,  lead,  and  a  IBO-ton  concentrator  will  be  built  and  operated  bjT 
water  power.  .  ...... 

The  Noonday  la  believed  to  have  the  east  extension  of  this  ledge.  A 
number  of  other  cl.aims  surrounding  the  Galena  Farm  are  being  opened  and 
the  L.  H.  has  a  zone  of  schJHtose  rock  on  the  tine  of  an  east  and  west  fissure  in 
the  slate,  which  Is  twenty  to  forty  feet  wide  and  is  Impregnated  with  arsenic, 
mlsplckel,  pyrlte  and  pyrrhotlte,  though  a  twenty-two  foot  tunnel  has  so  far 
shown  little  mineral. 

The  Enterprise  group  of  two  claims,  eight  miles  up  Ten-Ifcfclle  Creek,  was 
recently  sold  for  $.300,000  by  John  A.  Finch  to  David  M.  Hyman  and  others  of 
Colorado.  The  ledge,  though  small,  has  been  traced  through  the  two  claims 
and  strikes  northeast  and  southwest  between  granite  walls.  The  ore  is  galena 
with  much  zinc  blende  In  a  quartz  gangue  and  Is  generally  found  on  the 
footwall.  Four  tunnels  have  been  driven  on  the  ledge,  leaving  the  ore  on  the 
s'.de.  The  lowest,  500  feet,  opens  a  chute  averaging  seven  Inches  and  con- 
tinuous for  40u  feet.  The  second  tunnel,  170  feet  higher,  la  In  500  feet  with  ore 
for  300  feet,  where  an  upraise  to  the  surface  follows  over  eight  Inches  of  ore 
for  eighty  feet.  At  330  feet  a  fault  was  struck,  but  the  ledge  has  been 
picked  up  beyond  It  and  carries  ore  for  150  feet  further,  eight  to  eighteen 
inches  wide,  which  Is  being  stoped.  The  third  tunnel,  twenty-flve  feet  higher, 
Is  310  feet  long  and  follows  six  to  twelve  Inches  of  ore  for  260  feet.  The  fourth 
tunnel,  400  feet.  Is  ninety  feet  higher  and  is  In  six  to  fourteen  Inches  of  solid 
ore.  These  tunnels  have  thus  traced  a  continuous  ore  chute  for  1,000  feet 
along  the  ledge.  Shipments  have  returned  from  153.7  to  179.5  ounces  sliver  and 
18  to  80  per  cent  'ead  and  now  average  250  tons  a  month.  Shipments  to  date 
aggregate  twenty-six  carloads,  averaging  !'1,900  to  $2,000  a  car,  net. 

The  same  ledge  has  been  traced  into  the  Iron  Horse  and  United  Empire  on 
the  northeast  and  Is  said  to  have  been  found  on  the  Alexandria.  The  ore 
has  been  struck  in  an  open  cut  on  the  Iron  Horse,  300  feet  from  the  Enter- 
prise line.  On  the  Oregon  City,  John  Thompson,  L.  Parkinson  and  othera 
have  struck  seven  to  eight  Inches  of  galena  In  a  fifty-foot  tunnel  and  P. 
Griffiths,  G.  West  and  others  have  tapped  an  ore  body  with  a  cross-cut  on 
the  Westmount. 

The  Bondholder  group  of  four  claims,  owned  by  the  Bondholder  Mining 
Company,  Is  near  the  ildge  south  of  Ten-Mile  Creek  and  Is  reached  by  the  Ten- 
Mile  Creek  road  and  a  trail,  or  by  the  trail  from  Slocan  City.  The  ledge  is 
supposed  to  be  the  extension  of  the  Enterprise,  running  northeast  by  south- 
west, and  has  been  traced  Vy  cuts  and  cropplngs  for  4,000  feet,  showing  twelve 
to  sixteen  Inches  of  qvartz.  Iron  oxides  and  galena.  It  has  been  defined  by 
600  feet  of  tunnels  and  drifts  and  a  sixty-foot  shaft  to  be  four  feet  wide,  with 
seven  to  twenty-one  Inches  of  high  grade  ore  carrying  argentlte,  galena  and 
antlmonlal  sliver,  assaying  63  ounces  from  average  samples  of  one  claim  and 
816  ounces  frori  another.  The  shaft  shows  four  feet  of  ore  averaging  213  ounces 
silver. 

The  Kallsp?ll,  on  Ten-Mile  Creek,  one  mile  irrom  Slocan  Lake,  has  a  north 
and  south  ledge  in  quartzite  and  Is  owned  by  William  Lardner,  of  Deadwood, 
8.  X>.  A  seventy-five  foot  tunnel  shows  ga'.ena,  ruby  silver  and  other  stiver 
minerals  and  svime  ore  has  been  stoped,  eight  tons  returning  289  ounces  and 
three  tons  returning  212  ounces  silver. 

Great  activity  is  promised  for  the  coming  season  on  Twelve-Mile.  Springer 
and  Lemon  Creeks,  up  which  trails  branch  off  from  Slocan  City  and  Brandon. 
It  Is  In  this  region  that  dry  oi'e  begins  to  take  the  place  of  galena,  the  forma- 
tion being  granite. 

The  Two  Friends,  savsn  or  eight  mllea  from  Slocan  City  ot;  the  divide 
between  Springer  and  Lemon  Creeks,  ow.ied  by  the  Two  Friends  Mine  Com- 
pany, has  a  ledge  of  h.gh  grtide  galena  striking  northeast  by  southwest,  A 
twenty-three  foot  cro»s-cut  taps  tho  Itdge  at  a  depth  of  twenty  feet  and  shows 
It  four  feet  wide  with  a  twelve-Inch  pay  streak.  A  drift  flftv  feet  east  shows 
galena  next  the  footwnll  and  zinc  blende  on  the  hanging  wall,  the  width  vary- 
ing from  a  narrow  streak  to  twelve  or  fourteen  Inches  of  solid  ore,  and  a 
winze  proved  the  permanence  of  the  ledge.  A  206-foot  cross-cut  then  tapped 
the  ledge  at  a  depth  of  100  feet,  here  three  feet  wide  with  ten  to  twelve  Inches 
of  high  grade  zinc  blende,  but  In  an  upraise  of  twenty-flve  feet  It  changed  to 
high  grade  galena.  A  drift  was  run  eighty  feet  east  from  this  cross-cut  and 
the  ore,  after  pinching  out  at  twenty  feet,  was  comlni;  in  £UEaln  at  seventy 
feet.  Thli  ty-nlne  tons  shipped  to  Tucoma  returned  |164  to  $237  net  and  thirty- 
eight  carloads  were  shipped  during  the  winter. 

The  Arlington  and  Burlington,  on  the  north  slope  of  Springer  Creek,  are 
owned  by  the  Arlington  Consolidated  Mining  &.  Smelting  Company  and  have  ft 
ledge  of  mlnerullzed  grarite  four  to  six  feel  wide  striking  northeast  by  south- 
west through  both  claims.  This  ledge  is  full  of  stringers  of  fine-grained 
{;alenu  and  zinc  blende.  In  which  are  rich  specimens  of  native  sliver.  A  shaft 
B  down  seventy  feet  on  ore,  with  drifts  seventy  feet  at  a  depth  of  thlrty-flve 
feet,  and  thirty-dve  feet  at  sreator  depth,  both  In  ore.     An  average  of  four 


MHBMi 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


141 


assays  from  different  parts  of  the  mine  was  154  ounces  sliver  and  2214  per  cent 
lead. 

The  Howard  group  of  four  claims  and  two  fractions  on  the  divide  hptwppn 
Springer  and  Lemcn  Creeks,  is  being  developed  by  A.  G.  Teeter  William 
Price.  V.  T.  RatcUffe  and  others.  The  ledge  runs  east  and/ west  fhrouKu  ihe 
granite,  dipping  10  to  IB  degrees  north.  An  incline  follows  it  down  115  feet 
except  where  faults  have  occurred,  and  shows  twelve  to  twenty  Inches  of 
honeycombed  quartz  carrying  argentlte.  Considerable  ore  has  been  stopdd 
sorted  and  shipped  to  Pilot  Bay,  returning  163  ounces  silver  and  JIC  gold  up  to 
1206  ounces  silver  and  $26  gold. 

Another  dry  ore  property  which  is  now  being  rapidly  developed  is  the  Old 
Glory  group  of  seven  claims,  on  the  west  slope  of  the  foothills  from  Slocan 
Lake,  two  and  one-half  miles  from  Slocan  City,  the  owner  being  the  Old 
Glory  Mining  Company.  Between  quartzite  hanging  and  granite  footwalls, 
four  wcill-deflned  parallel  ledges  of  great  strength,  from  three  to  sixty  feet 
wide,  ran  the  full  length  of  the  group,  5.100  feet.  The  ledge  matter  is  horn- 
blendlc  schist,  highly  impregnated  with  cube  iron,  and  the  pay  streak  la 
capped  with  quartz  carrying  arsenical  Iron  and  white  iron  sulphurets— a  good 
indication  of  large  ore  bodies.  Assays  of  six  samples  from  the  surface  ram 
from  8.22  to  114  ounces  silver  and  $1.50  to  $22  gold  and  an  average  sample  ot 
forty  pounds  gave  130  ounces  silver,  $9  gold.  Three  shafts,  twelve,  eighteen 
and  forty-four  feet,  have  been  sunk  on  the  several  ledges  and  a  cross-cut,  for 
which  a  contract  was  let  In  November,  1896,  to  be  run  200  feet,  and  which  was 
in  fifty  feet  on  January  1,  1897,  will  cut  all  four  ledges  at  depths  ranging  from 
40  to  150  feet. 

A  number  of  other  properties  in  this  section  of  th«  district  aie  being 
opened.  On  the  Meteor  John  A.  Finch  and  John  Sheran  have  sliowr  a  twonty- 
inch  ledge  of  high  grade  dry  ore  by  surface  work.  Mr.  Sheran  has  sold  his 
interest  to  C.  L.  Hoffman  for  $4,000  and  work  Is  to  begin  as  soon  as  weather 
permits.  On  the  Silver  King,  C.  Faas  and  M.  Heckman  have  run  a  crosi'- 
cut  120  feet  to  tap  the  ledge.  On  the  Crusader  group  of  three  claims,  O. 
Faas,  R.  N.  Clay  and  others  uncovered  a  ledge  of  two  and  one-halC 
feet  of  quartz  carrying  silver  glance.  Iron  pyrites,  some  native  silver  and 
gold,  and  then  sank  thirty-three  feet  on  it.  They  afterwards  sold  a 
half  Interest  for  $12,500  to  W.  H.  Hellyar  and  W.  H.  Smith.  The  Alpine 
group  of  four  claims,  on  the  mountain  above  Summit  Creek,  has  a 
strong  gold-bearing  ledge  two  to  three  feet  wide,  very  Hat  and  traceable 
through  three  basins,  and  has  been  bonded  by  C._Faas  and  others  to  A.  B. 
licKenzle  and  A.  Dick,  of  Rossland.  The  Ocean  group  of  three  clalm.s  thr'ee 
ai.  '  one-half  miles  northeast  of  the  Crusader  group,  has  a  dike  mineralized 
with  silver  glance  and  galena  and  a  three-fourths  Interest  has  been  bonded  by 
W.  R.  Your.g,  W.  R.  Richmond  and  others">to  Alexander  Dick,  of  Rossland. 
The  Republic  group  of  three  claims,  bonded  for  $25,000  to  W.  L.  Parrlsh  and 
W.  J.  Lindsay,  has  a  ledge  eighteen  to  thirty  inches  T.ide,  carrying  galena, 
Iron  pyrites  and  gold,  on  which  a  shaft  is  being  sunk.  The  Esmeralda  group 
of  four  claims  has  been  sold  to  J.  A.  Thompson,  of  iNorthwest  Territory,  for 
$20,000. 

The  most  active  new  development  has  been  made  with  gratifying  results  on 
the  Montezuma  group  of  four  claims  on  the  south  fork  of  Kaslo  Creek,  eight 
miles  from  Kaslo,  by  the  Kaslo  Montezuma  Mining  &  Milling  Company,  ot 
Seattle.  Several  open  cuts  wei-e  first  made  and  the  ledge  uncovered  for  a 
distance  of  sevent  •  feet,  showing  fifteen  to  thirty  feet  of  spathic  Iron  and 
other  gangue  with  zinc  blende  and  galena  disseminated  through  the  entire 
width.  The  first  tunnel,  115  feet  long,  shows  a  large  body  of  concentrating  ore, 
estimated  at  4,000  tons,  for  the  entire  distance.  A  tunnel  was  then  driven 
along  the  hanging  wall  for  about  forty  feet  and  connecting  with  the  main 
tunnel  by  a  cross-cut  of  thirty-two  feet,  showing  the  ore  body  to  be  that 
width.  Ano^.her  tunnel,  100  feet  below,  was  driven  256  feet  on  a  parallel  ledge 
and  at  200  feet  a  cross-cut  was  run  to  the  main  'edge,  which  was  struck  in 
thirty  feet,  proving  to  be  twenty-three  feet  between  walls.  A  winze  was 
then  sunk  in  ore  all  the  way  to  connect  the  two  levels,  showing  the  ore  body  to 
be  continuous,  and  drifting  has  since  been  extended  north  and  south,  snowing 
an  ore  chute  140  feet  long,  with  ore  in  both  breasts.  The  average  width  of  the 
ore  body  in  the  ui)per  tunnel  Is  six  feet,  In  the  lower  tunnel.  JOO  fPet jloeper.  It 
Is  fifteen  feet.  Assuming  it  to  be  no  more  than  140  feet  long,  this  gives  20,000 
tons  of  ore  in  sight,  averaging  23  ounces  sliver  and  18  per  cent  lead  This  will 
concentrate  four  into  owe.  giving  5.000  tons  of  concentrates  which,  allowing 
for  loss  In  milling,  will  average  80  ounces  sliver  and />  per  cent  lead,  a  value  of 
$92.90  a  ton.  In  addition  to  $3  gold  in  each  ton  of  crude  ore-sufflcient  to  pay  for 
mining,  milling  and  tramming.  A  shipment  of  thirty  tons  of  sorted  ore  re- 
turned 67%  ounces  silver,  63%  per  cent,  lend,  and  there  are  1.000  tons  on  the 
dump?  wofth?  when  concentrated,  at  least  $20,000.  The  winze  Is  being  con- 
tinued below  the  lower  tunnel  and  drifting  continues  bothways  on  the  leiige. 
As  soon  as  the  snow  Is  off  another  tunnel  will  be  started  200  feet  lower,  which 
will  tap  the  ore  body  In  500  feet.  The  character  of  the  ground  permits  of 
tunneling  to  a  vertical  depth  of  fully  1.800  feet.  Plans  are  being  prepared  for 
a  cable  tramway  one  and  one-quarter  miles  ong,  from  the  m^ne  to  the  south 
lork  of  Kaslo  Creek  and  for  a  mill  which  will  cost  $40  000  to  $60,000. 

The  Jennie,  eight  miles  from  Kaalo  and  half  a  mile  from  the  railroad,  In 


142 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


beiner  opened  by  the  Canadian  Gold  Fields  Syndicate.  In  a  forty-foot  shaft 
the  ledge  widens  from  four  tc  seven  feet  of  concentrating  ore,  whlph  assays 
on  an  average  100  ounces  silver,  $6  gold  and  3  per  cent,  lead,  A  cross-cut  will 
be  run  to  tap  the  ledge  at  a  depth  of  100  feet. 

The  Silver  Bear,  on  the  south  fork  of  Kaslo  Creek,  was  recently  bought  by 
the  Reddin-Jackson  Company,  of  Roasland.  for  $25,000  and  has  three  ledges 
shown  by  two  cross-cuts.  One  cross-cut  shows  the  first  'edge  flfteen  feet 
wide,  carrying  seven  Inches  of  high  grade  carbonates  and  five  to  six  feet  of 
talc  carrying  kidneys  of  galena  which  assay  200  ounces  sliver.  The  second 
ledge  carries  three  feet  of  pyritlc  iron,  galena  and  spar  and  two  feet  of  talc, 
and  the  third  has  three  feet  of  spar  and  four  inches  of  carbonates  carrying  100 
ounces  silver.  The  second  cross-cut  Is  forty  feet  and  has  cut  the  first  ledge, 
which  carries  eighteen  Inches  of  carbonates  assaying  200  to  300  ounces  8i!ver» 
A  twenty-foot  shaft  shows  fourteen  to  sixteen  inches  of  carbonates  In  the  first 
ledge,  the  remainder  of  which  averages  19  ounces  silver.  Shipments  are  now 
being  made. 

T'ie  two  Gibson  claims,  owned  by  the  Gibson  Mining  &  Milling  Company, 
are  on  South  Kaslo  Creek,  eleven  miles  from  Kaslo  and  reached  by  sis 
miles  of  trail  from  the  railroad.  Three  parallel  ledges  will  be  tapped  by  a  &0- 
foot  cross-cut,  which  has  already  cut  the  first  at  thirty-five  feet  and  will 
strike  the  second  at  fifty  and  the  third  at  2."^  feet.  A  tunnel  eighty  feet  on  the 
third  ledge  shows  It  four  feet  six  Inches  wide.  Assays  of  the  par  ore  range 
from  112  to  149  ounces  silver  and  S3  to  75  per  cent,  lead  and  the  ledj  3  matter  In 
genera'  assays  48  to  80  ounces  silver  and  35  to  75  per  cent  lead. 

The  Brlggs  proup,  nine  miles  from  Kaslo 'and  four  miles  from  the  railroad, 
has  recently  been  sold  by  Brlggs  Bros,  to  E.  J.  Kelly,  D.  Holzman  and  R.  N. 
McLean  for  $20,000.  A  235-foot  cross-cut  taps  a  four'and  one-half  foot  ledge  260 
feet  deep  and  drifts  In  both  directions  show  galena  ore  assaying  130  ounces 
sliver  and  70  per  cent.  lead.  Two  parallel  ledges  have  been  defined  by  open 
outs,  one  of  them,  capped  with  Iron  and  carrying  galena,  being  six  feet  wide. 

The  Black  Prince  group  of  three  claims  has  a  four-foot  led'^e  of  rose  quarts 
traced  through  it,  carrying  high  grade  galena  which  has  r,  high  gold  value. 
From  a  twenty-foot  shaft  and  a  drift  from  a  fifty-foot  crosscut  ore  has  been 
taken  assaying  $76  to  $232  gold,  sliver  and  lead,  82  per  cent,  of  the  value  being 
free  milling  and  only  $3  of  the  highest  assay  being  silver. 

On  the  Iron  Crown  and  San  Bernardino  John  A.  Finch  has  tunneled  300> 
feet  showing  as  much  as  three  feet  of  ore  In  places,  carrying  80  ounces  silver. 
Two  shafts  of  about  fifty  feet  each  are  down  on  the  ledge. 

On  the  two  Phoenix  claims,  the  Phoenix  Consolidated  Mining  Company  is 
stoping  out  ore  from  a  ledge  four  to  seven  feet  wide,  which  Is  worth  $140  at  the 
smelter  and  has  shipped  about  300  tons  during  the  winter, 

On  the  Echo  group  of  three  claims  J.  M.  Martin  and  Whltaker  Lynch  have 
tunneled  170  feet  and  sunk  twelve  feet  on  a  ledge  eight  to  sixteen  feet  wido, 
which  has  four  to  fourteen  Inches  of  pay  ore  carrying  166  ounces  sliver  and  76 
jjer  cent.  lead. 

Discoveries  were  made  in  the  fall  of  1896  on  Kokanee  Creek,  which  ap- 
pears on  the  map  as  Yuill  Creek,  and  this  will  be  the  scene  of  much  work 
this  year.  The  Molllc  Gibson  group  of  four  claims,  in  contest  amons  sr  eral 
claimants,  has  a  ledge  showing  four  feet  of  high  grade  galena  and  sulptadM. 
On  the  north  extension,  the  Smuggler  and  U.  S.,  bonded  for  $80,000  by 
Charles  Faas,  C.  W.  Greenlee  and  N.  K.  Franklin  to  William  Olynn.  this 
ledge  has  been  uncovered  by  open  cuts  at  Intervals  for  400  feet,  showing 
eight  to  twenty-four  Inches  of  galena  and  sulphides,  and  is  traceable  tor 
1,000  feet. 

Prospecting  has  about  covered  all  the  territory  between  Slocan  and 
Kootenai  Lakes  and  has  extended  to  the  country  on  the  west  between  the 
Slocan  and  Arrow  Lakes.  It  has  already  revealed  on  this  divide  and  In  the 
basin  of  Cariboo  Creek,  which  flows  Into  the  narrows  of  the  Columbia  betwten 
the  two  Arrow  Lakes,  a  great  gold  basin,  where  the  ore  carries  $1  gold  to  each 
ounce  of  sliver,  though  there  are  exceptions  where  the  ore  Is  almost  ex- 
clusively silver  and  is  very  rich.  Ore  can  be  shipped  In  considerable  quantity 
which  will  carry  $100  gold  and  100  ounces  sliver;  also  ore  which  carries  100 
ounces  silver  with  only  $2  to  $3  gold.  There  is  also  quite  an  area  of  gold  placer 
ground  on  the  tributaries  of  thie  Cariboo,  which  Is  too  low  grade  for  the  pan 
and  rocker,  but  will  pay  well  for  sluicing.  On'  Six-Mile  Creek,  almost 
directly  acrors  Slocan  Lake  from  New  Denver,  discoveries  have  recently 
been  made  of  sulphide  ore  carrying  gold  and  sliver,  and  many  prospeoton 
are  waiting  for  spring  to  make  locations. 

A  steamer  24B  feet  long  has  been  built  by  the  Canadian  Padflo  to  ply  OB 
Slocan  Lake  between  Roseberry  and  Slocan  City,  and  will  be  launched  about 
May  1.  The  same  company  is  building  wharves  at  New  Denver,  Blooaft 
City  and  Roseberry,  which  will  greatly  improve  the  facilities. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


141 


AINSWOBTH. 


Though  outstripped  1,4  development  and  production  by  Its  younger  neigh- 
bors, Alnsworth  holds  Us  own  and  will  this  year  be  the  scene  of  renewed 
activity.  Mr.  CarlyJd  attributes  its  comparatively  slow  progress  to  the 
attractions  offered  by  the  high  grade  ores  of  Slocan,  to  the  waiting  policy  o( 
men  who  have  crown  granted  low  grade  properties  and  were  discouraged  by 
lack  of  transportation  and  smelting  facilities,  to  disastrous  forest  flres  whioh 
destroyed  several  good  plants,  and  to  an  ui  A^arranted  lack  of  contldende  in 
the  probable  permanence  of  these  veins  and  ore  bodies,  especially  of  those  In 
the  limestones,  which  have  been  considered  as  "merely  pockets  and  local." 
On  this  point  he  continues:  "To  one  who  has  worked  in  silver  ore  bodies  in 
limestone,  as  in  Colorado,  this  pocket  theory  is  not  so  alarming  a  bugbear,  as 
the  general  experience  is  that,  when  one  ore-chute  is  found,  others  are  almost 
Invariably  discovered  on  prospecting  further  along  the  line  of  break." 

The  geological  formation  Ks  the  same  as  that  of  the  Slocan  district,  some  of 
the  ledges  running  with  tliS  stratification  and  others  cutting  across  It  In  true 
Assures,  while  others  again  are  formed  by  the  Impregnation  and  replacement 
of  the  country  rock  by  ore  and  quartz,  and  sometimes  calclte.  The  ores  vary 
from  a  solid  galena  with  zinc  blende,  though  not  often  enough  to  exceed  the 
smelter  limit,  through  quartz  and  calcite  carrying  sulphides  with  little  galena 
and  zinc  blende;  quartz  and  lime  carrying  silver  In  other  compounds;  galena 
with  gold  disseminated  through  the  quartz;  tetrp.hedrlte  In  quarts  with 
galena;  to  a  low  grade  ore  carrying  galena,  iron  and  copper  pyrites  and  pyr- 
rhotite. 

From  the  south,  the  district  Is  reached  by  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern 
system  from  Spokane  to  Nelson,  200  miles,  and  the  Columbia  &  Kootenai 
Navigation  Company's  steamers  up  the  Kootenai  River  and  Lake  to  Alns- 
worth; or  the  train  may  be  left  at  Northport  and  the  steamer  taken  up  the 
Columbia  and  Kootenai  rivers,  at  a  greater  expenditure  of  time.  From  the 
west  and  north  the  Canadian  Pacific  carries  one  from  Vancouver  to  Revel- 
Btoku,  379  miles,  the  Arrow  Lake  branch  thence  to  Arrowhead,  twenty-eight 
miles,  the  steamer  to  Nakusp  and  the  Nakusp  &  Slocan  and  Kaslo  &  Slocan 
Railroads  thence  to  Alnsworth.  The  mines  are  at  comparatively  short  dis- 
tances from  Kootenai  Lake,  on  which  steamers  ply,  and  many  of  them  can 
tram  ore  down  to  the  lake  shore.  ,  .  .     ^^  ..  » 

The  Number  One  group  of  two  claims,  an  Interest  in  three  others  ana  a 
millplte,  has  been  developed  by  the  Britannia  Mining  Company,  of  Windsor, 
N.  S.,  and  is  four  and  one-half  miles  by  road  from  Alnsworth.  The  ore  body 
Is  developed  by  stopes  nearly  300  feet  long  and  four  to  twelve  feet  wide,  W 
enclosed  by  limestones,  shales  and  slates  and  In  places  lies  almost  flat.  Its  dip 
being  changed  by  faults.  A  crosscut  taps  the  ore  body  In  375  feet  and  from  It 
8  drift  follows  a  fault  wall  157  feet  with  a  thirty-flve  foot  winze  to  the  stopes 
abdve.  This  drift  is  being  continued  and  in  100  to  120  feet  is  expected  to  tap 
the  ore  body.  An  incline  from  the  stope  is  now^down  thirty-flve  feet  to  con- 
nect with  It.  A  mill  of  eighteen  to  twenty  tons  dally  capacity  Is  run  by  water 
bdwer  from  a  small  stream  and  by  steam  at  low  water.  Some  flrst-class  ote 
to  shipped,  but  most  of  the  product  Is  reduced  eight  tons  Into  one  of  concen- 
trates; which  carry  295  to  3d0  ounces  sliver  and  four  to  eight  per  cent.  lead. 
This  mill  will  concehtrate  fifteen  to  twenty-ounce  ore  at  a  profit.  About  1,000 
tons  of  ore  and  concentrates  have  been  shipped.       .  ,  .  „  «  ri„ii„„  i-  -.,»»<»» 

A  mile  from  the  Nuzhber  One  Is  the  Dellle,  on  which  S.S.  ?ai'ey  Is  running 
a  800-foot  tunnel  to  connect  with  a  100-foot  shaft.     From  the  Lilly  May  on  the 


iwned  by  Arw  kcCune,  has  alhaft  down  on  a  galena  ledge  betweon  wall, 
of  limestone.  On  the  Neosha  a  tunnel  Is  being  run  to  connect  with  a  shaft, 
from  which  100-ounce  dry  ore  has  been  taken.  xT«t-^»  i..  »»«^ 

The  Skvllne  group  of  three  claims,  six  m  les  by  road  from  Nelson,  Is  owned 
l)y  A  W  ScCune!  of  Salt  Lake  City.  The  ledge  Is  In  a  slats  and  limestone 
fofmatlon  and  runs  almost  north  and  south  and  occupies  '^ctured  zones 
impregnated  with  ore.  The  ore  bodies  are  fattened  and  ten  to  twelve  feet 
thick,  often  crossing  nearly  horizontally  from  foot  to  hang^^^  the  two 

dine  has  been  sunk  eighty-seven  feet  on  the  ledge  and  a  shaft  20O  feet,  tne  two 
belnV  conneotea  by  1»  feet  of  drift  and  an  upraise  forty  feet  to  the  Inclln^ 
The  ore  Is  areentlte  native  silver  and  galena,  with  some  gray  copper  and  Iron 
and  cMoer  DvrUas  and  av^^^^^  forty  to  fifty  ounces  sliver.  The  output  la 
ten  to  fl?teera8  a  d^r  and^^^^  to  the' Pilot  Bay  and  other  smeltew. 

Over  low  toM  shipped  In  M»-«  averaged  64  ounces  silver  and  leae  than  6  per 

'— "The^irlff.  thMe-<luarter«  of  a  mile  by  wagon  road  from  the  la^e  and  one 
will«  south  of  AInswor'ii,  Ij  owned  by  William  Braden,  of  Helena,  who  is  thor- 
SShirexptoiffl^tb  a  view  to  wtematlc  development.     The  ledge  run. 


: 


144 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


north  and  south  between  schist  and  quarlzlte  and  has  been  traced  by  cute  and 
stripping  Into  adjoining  claims.  From  one  of  these  cuts  forty-flve  tons  vere 
shipped  and  yielded  30  ounces  silver  and  55  per  cent.  lead.  From  this  cut  an 
inollne  Is  down  100  feet  and  for  eighty  feet  followed  twelve  to  thirty  Inches  of 
solid  galena,  which  continues  In  a  forty-live  foot  drift  to  the  north.  A  bed  of 
quartzlte  twenty-flve  to  thirty  feet  thick,  which  forms  the  foot\  d,  shows 
galena  in  an  open  cut  and  is  uiought  to  carry  enough  mineral  for  concent.ra- 

From  the  Mile  Point,  on  the  lake  south  of  Alnsworth.  A.  Stalberg  Is  ship- 
ping ore  which  carries  106  ounces  sliver  and  4  per  cent.  lead. 

The  Highlander,  owned  by  Max  Stevenson,  of  Philadelphia,  is  on  a  bluff  one 
and  one-quarter  miles  southwest  of  Alnsworth  and  1,000  feet  above  the  lake 
and  has  two  ledges  between  schist  and  quartzlte  walls.  A  cross-cut  taps  one 
of  these  at  eighty  feet,  and  drifts  twenty  and  ten  feet  show  four  to  eighteen 
inches  of  galena,  zinc  blende  and  a  little  arseno-pyrite  In  it.  The  main  ledge 
is  tapi)ed  at  120  feet  and  a  drift  270  feet,  now  being  extended,  sho'irs  concen- 
trating ore  carrying  galena  and  blende.  From  a  slxty-saven  l->ot  winze, 
twenty-seven  feet  from  the  tunnel,  a  crosscut  strikes  the  first  ledge  In  flfty- 
two  feet,  showing  five  to  six  feet  of  low  grade  concentrating  ore.  An  upraise 
of  ninety-one  feet  from  the  drift  to  the  surface  shows  eight  to  ten  Inche'i  of 
good  ore  and  two  to  four  feet  of  concentrating  ore.  Twelve  tons  shipped  to 
Everett  returned  70  ounces  silver,  with  very  little  lead. 

The  Little  Phil  fraction,  one  and  one-third  miles  on  the  main  wagon  road 
from  Alnsworth,  has  been  bonded  for  $20,000  by  I.  McQnvern  and  Capt.  Htfy- 
ward,  of  Alnsworth,  to  Hon.  N.  Clark  Wallace,  of  Ontario.  The  1-  Ige  cutg 
the  schists  northwest  and  southeast  and  is  cut  at  seventy-two  feet  by  a  cross- 
cut 442  feet  long,  and  a  drift  200  feet  shows  six  to  twenty-four  Inches  of  ^ralena, 
with  some  carbonates,  averaging  30  ounces  silver,  while  a  short  upraise  showd 
three  feet  of  solid  ore.  The  cross-cut  taps  another  ledge  282  feet  further  In, 
which  has  been  followed  100  feet  and  carries  a  small  amount  of  mixed  galena 
and  considerable  concentrating  ore. 

Considerable  work  has  been  done  by  John  F.  Stevens,  of  St.  Paul,  on  the 
Black  Diamond  and  Little  Donald,  the  south  extension  of  the  tJttle  Phil,  and 
260  tons  of  ore  were  shipped  in  1895  w^iich  yielded  33  ounces  allvor  and  66  to  70 
per  cent.  lead. 

The  Highland  group  of  four  claims,  one  and  one-half  miles  north  of  Alns- 
worth, owned  by  E.  D.  Carter  and  others,  has  a  tunnel  680  feet  along  a  well- 
defined  fissure  ledge,  showing  ten  feet  of  concentrating  galena  ore  in  the  face. 
There  is  some  ore  for  fifty  feet  towards  the  moiiTTi  and  an  upraise  120  feet 
shows  six  to  twenty-four  Inches  of  almost  solid  galena  for  106  feet,  as  also  does 
a  ninety-foot  shaft  connecting  with  it.  There  is  more  or  less  ore  for  235  feet 
more  along  the  tunnel,  where  an  upraise  is  made  160  feet  to  the  surface.  A 
few  tons  of  the  best  ore  returned  40  ounces  stiver  and  75  per  cent,  lead  at  the 
smelter.  Surveys  have  been  made  for  a  cable  tramway  to  a  millslte  at  the 
mouth  of  Cedar  Creek. 

The  Amazon  rtoud  of  four  claims  at  the  mouth  of  Woodbury  Creek, 
three  and  one-half  miles  north  of  Alnsworth,  is  owned  by  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Mining  &  Milling  Company,  of  Minneapolis,  which  is  developing  with 
machine  drills.  The  property  has  several  well-defined  fissure  ledges  striking 
east  and  west  across  the  gneiss  formation  in  which  the  creek  nowv.  The 
ledges  carry  four  inches  to  four  feet  of  galena  and  zinc  blende  In  quarts 
and  calclte  gangue.  and  in  places  there  is  six  to  sixteen  inches  of  solid  galena. 
Almost  at  right  t^n^les  to  these  ledges  is  a  cross  ledge,  which  will  be'  cut 
at  depth  by  two  tut;nels  being  driven  on  the  main  ledges.  One  tunnel  runs 
sixty-five  feet  on  L-ock  seamed  with  ..mail  quartz  veins,  carrying  a  little  Iron 
and  copper  pyrites  and  some  galena,  with  )3  to  >5  gold.  This  ledge  and  an- 
other crop  twenty-five  feet  apart  and  the  intervening  rock  carries  a  small 
percentage  of  sulphides  and  is  believed  to  be  concentrating  ore.  Another 
tunnels  runs  sixty  feet  through  surface  wash,  from  which  boulders  have 
been  taken  carrying  30  to  40  ounces  sliver  In  galena,  and  a  forty-flve  foot 
tunnel  follows  a  small  galena  vein.  A  120-foot  tunnel  follows  another  ledge 
carrying  eight  to  fourteen  Inches  of  solid  galena  and  zinc  blend  m  quarts 
and  calclte  and  Is  being  extended  to  where  the  ledge  crops  four  feet  wide 
on  the  cliff,  and  carries  pyrrhotlte.  On  another  ledge,  fourteen  to  twenty 
inches  wide,  tunnels  have  been  driven  140  feet  on  one  side  and  120  feet  on 
the  other  side  of  the  creek,  A  shaft  Is  down  140  feot  on  another  vein  of 
mixed  galena  ore,  four  to  twerly-four  Inches  wide,  carrying:  a  good  gold 
value.  A  concentrator  with  seventy-flve  tons  dally  capacity  stands  one- 
quarter  mile  from  the  lake,  water  power  for  It  and  the  twelve-drill  com- 
pressor being  furnished  by  1,200  feet  of  flume  from  the  creek.  A  tramway  l,4So 
feet  long  carries  ore  and  concentrates  to  steamers  on  the  lake. 

The  Sliver  Glance,  two  miles  up  Woodbury  Creek,  Is  on  an  east  and  west 
ledge  discovered  In  August,  18%.  by  William  Franklin,  Alexander  McLeod  and 
F.  L.  Fitch.  A  tunnel  Is  being  driven  on  the  ledge,  which  carries  four  to 
sixteen  Inches  of  galena.  Iron  pyrites  and  marcaslte  in  quartz  gangue,  with 
two  to  three  feet  of  mlnernllzed  coun.'ry  rock.  Assays  rans'e  from  60  to  232 
ounces  silver  and  $18  to  $20  gold. 

The  Blue  Bell  group  at  Hendryx  on  the  east  shore  of  the  lake,  consists  of 
four  claims  owned  by  the  Kootenai  Mining  &  Smelting  Company.     The  min« 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


IIS. 


IB  on  a  band  of  cryBtalllne  limestone  in  the  schists  and  the  ore  is  mostly  low 
grade  galena  and  pyrrhotite,  with  some  blende,  Iron  and  copper  pyrites  It 
occupies  Irregular  chambers,  often  of  great  size,  In  the  limestone,  the  ore 
body  now  being  worked  measuring  200  feet  long,  seventy  feet  wide  and  150  feet 
high.  In  the  year  1895,  40,000  tons  were  shlpjed  to  the  Pilot  Bay  smelter, 
eight  miles  down  the  lake,  and  there  are  vast  quantities  in  sight 

The  Pilot  Bay  plant,  which  is  owned  by  the  same  company,  consists  of  a 
fully  equipped  concentrator  with  a  capacity  of  200  tons  in  twenty-four  hours, 
four  reverberatory  furnaces  of  twelve  tons  capacity  each  in  twenty-four 
hours,  and  one  100-ton  water  Jacket  blast  furnace.  A  160  horse-power  engine 
runs  the  concentrator  and  sampling  works,  an  eighty-five  horse-power  engine 
runs  the  blower  and  a  thirty  horse-power  engine  the  dynamo,  which  lights  the 
works.     The  plant  employs  200  men. 

At  the  head  of  Hooker  Creek,  on  the  divide  between  Kootenai  Lake  and 
St.  Mary's  River,  ten  or  twelve  miles  from  the  lake.  Is  the  Commonwealth 
group  of  three  claims,  under  bond  to  the  London  &  British  Columbia  Gold 
Fields  Company.  A  tunnel  runs  150  feet  on  a  ledge  of  quartz  four  to  sixteen 
feet  wide,  carrying  galena,  gray  copper,  sliver  sulphides  and  some  gold. 
On  the  Expre-ss,  adjoining,  a  cross-cut  has  been  driven  ninety  feet  to  cut  two 
ledges,  two  to  two  and  one-half  feet  wide,  carrying  galena  and  gray  copper. 

After  a  period  of  litigation,  due  to  Its  location  on  the  townslte  of  Alns- 
worth,  the  title  to  the  Jeff  Davis  has  been  cleared  and  development  has  been 
tal-en  up  by  the  Jeff  Davis  Mining  &  Milling  Company.  It  has  two  parallel 
If'dgeB  i-unning  north  and  south  through  lime,  shale  and  slate,  one  of  them 
allowing  two  feet  of  galena  In  a  thirty-foot  cross-cut  and  being  defined  hy 
many  open  cuts.  Assays  show  19  ounces  silver  and  78.9  per  cent.  lead.  The 
west  ledge  is  only  twenty  feet  distant  and  has  been  defined  by  open  cuts, 
small  shafts  and  tunnels  for  a  width  of  sixteen  to  forty  feet  and  a  length  of 
400  feet.  It  carries  sulphide  ore  assaying  $2.75  gold.  94.2  ounces  silver,  9.1  per 
cent,  copper.  A  contract  has  been  let  for  a  100-foot  cross-cut  to  tap  both 
ledges  at  a  depth  of  seventy-five  feet  and  hoisting  machinery  has  been 
ordered. 

Development  has  also  been  resumed  by  the  Ellen  Sliver  Mining  Company 
on  the  Ellen,  on  whlcii  a  seventy-five  foot  tunnel  has  gained  a  depth  of 
Beventy-flve  feet  on  a  six-foot  ledge.  The  whole  width  averages  fifty  ounceB 
silver  and  48  per  cent,  lead  and  will  pay  to  concentrate,  but  eighteen  Inches 
is  clean  shipping  ore,  assaying  80  ounces  silver  and  75  per  cent.  lead. 

Adjoining  the  Ellen  is  the  Bonanza  King,  on  which  C.  F.  Clough  &  Co. 
have  sunk  sixty  feet,  showing  four  feet  of  galena  ore,  of  which  ten  assays 
average  192.20  silver  and  lead. 


NELSON. 

Including  the  territory  drained  by  the  Kootenai  River  between  Its  outlet 
from  Kootenai  Lake  and  Us  confluence  with  the  Columbia  River,  also  the 
watershed  of  Salmon  River  as  far  south  as  the  boundary,  this  district  haa 
both  gold-copp<>r  and  silver-copper  ore  bodies  of  great  size,,  as  proved  In  the 
Hall  mines  on  Toad  Mountain  and  In  the  Poorraan  group.  After  being  out- 
stripped. In  the  amount  of  product'on  by  the  newer  districts  of  Trail  and 
Slocan,  it  has  recently  awakened  revived  Interest  by  the  extensive  dlscoverlef 
along  the  Salmim  River  and  Its  tributaries. 

The  Nelson  &  Fort  Sheppard  Railroad  runs  through  its  center  along 
Salmon  River  to  Nelson,  200  miles  from  Spokane.  From  Vancouver.  B.  C., 
the  route  Is  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  to  Revelstoke,  879  miles,  by  a  branch 
railroad  to  Arrowhead,  twenty-eight  miles,  by  the  Arrow  Lake  steamer  to 
Kobson  and  by  the  Columbia  &  Kootenai  Railroad  to  Nelson.  ^     m 

The  greatest  mine  of  this  district  is  the  Hall,:  or  Silver  King,  on  Toad 
Mountain,  eight  and  one-half  ^ules  by  wagon  road  south  of  Nelson,  owned  by 
the  Hall  Mines  Company,  of  London.  The  property  consists  of  eighteen 
claims,  of  which  the  original  four  are  on  the  silver-copper  belt  and  the 
remainder  on  the  gold  belt.  The  silver-copper  lode  strikes  east  and  west 
through  the  diabases  and  has  no  distinct  walls,  the  ore-bearing  solutions 
having  probably  Impregnated  the  country  rock  on  each  side  of  the  flsaiira. 
The  development  Is  on  the  main  ore-chute,  200  to  225  feet  long,  but  smaller 
ones  are  now  being  explored.  The  ledge  has  been  traced  almost  continuously 
for  nearly  8.000  feet  and  appears  to  have  branched  on  the  east,  one  Io»k  nin- 

l'he"prM?nt  company  has  been  extending  the  workings  of  the  old  com- 
pany. conBlstlng  of  I.IOO  feet  of  tunnels.  345  feet  of  cross-cuts  and.sfveral 
winaes.  and  ban  continued  exploration  by  means  of  22.000  feet  of  diamond 
dr.'U-holes.  The  highest  tunnel,  near  the  summit.  Is  elghty-flve  feet  Ions  and 
■hewed  good  ore.  particularly  In  short  wlnsos.  The  second  tunnel,  m  feet. 
Is  t  short  distance  below^and  Is  connected  by  two  wi"«f8  with  the  lower 
worWngs.  It  has  produced  much  high  grade  and  considerable  n>e<l>">n,|f'^°* 
ore.     In  the  main  tunnel,  870  feet  below  the  surface  and  extending  911  feet 


nn 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


ennt  along  the  ledge,  a  flmall  amount  of  mixed  ore  was  ntruck  at  eighty-five 
ftet  and  continued  until,  at  175  feet,  three  to  four  feet  of  good  ore  was 
followed  down  for  Bcventy  feet  by  a  winze,  which  showed  two  to  three  feet 
of  good  ore,  alHO  encountered  In  a  100-foot  drift  and  believed  to  be  In  a  second 
chute.  A  compressed  air  holHt  Is  used  in  sinking  this  winze  to  a  connection 
with  No.  E  tunnel,  210  feet  below.  At  346  feet  the  main  tunnel  enters  a  great 
ore  chute  and  cuts  It  for  over  200  feet.  At  first  six  to  nine  feet  of  very  high 
grade  ore  was  mined,  but  lower  grade  ore  is  also  taken  out  now  from  a  slope 
thlrty-flve  to  fifty  feet  wide  and  thlrty-flvo  to  forty  feet  high,  showing  fifteen 
to  thirty  feet  of  medium  ore  In  the  roof,  the  chute  narrowing  at  each  end  to  a 
few  feet.  Half  way  along  this  stope  another  winze  has  been  sunk  on  the 
hanging  wall.  135  feet,  and  from  It  two  levels  extend,  one  at  thirty  feet  with 
170  feet  of  drifts  and  sixty  feet  of  crosscut  ard  another  at  sixty  feet,  with 
seventy-five  feet  of  drift  and  110  feet  of  crosscut,  both  being  connected  by 
another  winze.  Considerable  high  grade  ore  has  been  stoped  from  these 
levels,  with  twelve  to  fifteen  feet  of  lower  grade  remaining.  Another  body 
of  good  ore  ten  to  twelve  feet  thick,  is  struck  at  thirty  feet  In  a  cross-cut 
fifty  feet  beyond  the  stope  In  the  main  tunnel  and  Is  again  tapped,  slk  feet 
thick,  by  a  diamond  drill-hole  from  a  cross-cut  100  feet  east.  The  new  tunnel, 
300  feet  west,  shows  two  to  three  feet  of  mixed  ore,  carrying  more  galena 
than  Is  found  In  the  other  workings,  A  sixty-five  foot  shaft  with  120  feet  of 
cross-cuts  on  the  Kootenai  Bonanza  claim  shows  considerable  good  ore, 
believed  to  be  In  the  extension  of  the  Silver  King  ledge. 

Mr.  Carlyle  grades  the  ore  into  two  classes:  That  carrying  a  high  per- 
centage of  value-bearing  sulphides  and  lower  grade  country  rock  impregnated 
with  a  smaller  amount.  There  Is  a  rich  zone  In  the  chute,  shown  In  the  upper 
workings,  consisting  of  bornlte,  some  tetrahedrlte,  copper  and  Iron  pyrites 
and  a  little  galena  and  zinc  blende,  and  of  this  ore  200  tons  averaged  190.9 
ounces  silver,  18.17  per  cent,  copper,  and  1,160  tons  shipped  by  the  present 
company  averaged  119  ounces  silver,  12.9  per  cent,  copper.  When  the  smelter, 
to  be  described  further,  was  built,  5,000  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump  apsayed  46.44 
ounces  sliver,  5.92  per  cent,  copper.  The  grade  of  ore  since  produced  has  been 
lower,  because  It  has  become  profitable  to  mine  lower  grade  ore  and  because 
the  bulk  of  the  high  grade  ore  In  the  present  chute  has  beer,  mined  out.  Thus 
the  average  value  of  15,000  tons  mined  in  1896  was  20.52  ounces  silver,  3.64  per 
cent,  copper. 

The  mine  is  equipped  with  a  steam  engine,  twelve  power  drills  and  two 
compressors,  and  a  sawmill  and  planer.  From  the  bins  below  the  sorting 
floor,  the  ore  is  carried  700  feet  down  a  three-rail  gravity  tramway  to  the  cable 
tramway  which  makes  a  descent  of  3,750  feet  vertically  in  a  distance  of  four 
and  four-tenth  miles  and  has  a  capacity  of  145  tons  in  ten  hours.  This  traiti- 
way  extends  from  the  mines  to  the  smelter  at  Nelson. 

The  smelting  plant  consists  of  one  water-jacket  blast  furnace,  to  which 
is  being  added  another  with  a  capacity  of  over  200  tons  a  day,  while  the 
building  has  room  for  five  stacks,  brick  dust  chamber  and  stack;  a  r^ampling 
works,  consisting  of  crushers  and  ro!ls;  a  refinery,  consisting  of  revcroeratory 
calcining  furnace  and  roverberatory  smelting  furnace.  In  the  latter  of  which 
the  calcined  matte  will  be  reduced  to  blister  copper;  an  eighty  !iorse  power 
engine;  and  a  masonry  reservoir,  with  a  capacity  of  150,000  gallons.  This 
sme^ter  was  in  blast  for  255»i  days  from  January  14,  1896,  to  January  1,  1897, 
and  smelted  30,131  tons  of  ore,  producing  632,960  ounces  sllvet-,  57?.l  ounces  gold, 
2,262,921  pounds  copper.  Of  this  quantity  271  tons  was  customs  ore  and  the 
average  value  of  the  remainder  is  shown  to  be  21  ounces  sliver,  8.7  per  dent, 
coppfer,  This  smelter  was  blown  in  on  March  1  and  will  go  into  the  custoiris 
bqslhess  for  the  treatment  of  Trail  Creek  ores,  while  thG  new  stack  will  be 
equipped  for  the  treatment  of  sliver-  lead  ores  from  Slocan. 

On  the  west  extension  of  the  Silver  King  ledge  A.  H.  Kelly  has  beeti 
developing  the  Dandy.  A  seventy-five  foot  tunnel  shows  the  ledge  three  and 
one-half  to  four  feet  wide,  c£^rrylng  copper  pyrites,  bornlte,  galena  and  spathic 
Irdri.  A  cross-cut  of  sixty-five  feet  taps  the  ledge  at  another  point  and  a 
drift  of  170  feet  shows  copper  ores  and  galena,  as  in  the  othfer.  A  flfty-fdot 
open  cut  exposes  the  vein  three  or  four  feet  wide  and  a  170-foot  tunnel  follows 
It  for  100  feet. 

The  Iroquois,  owned  by  J.  E.  Boss,  of  Spokane,  appears  to  have  i  parallel 
ledge  of  the  same  character,  which  has  been  explored  by  means  of  tunnels, 
open  cuts  and  diamond  drill-holes.  '  ' 

On  the  Grizzly  Bear  the  Stadacona  Silver-Copper  Mining  Company  has 
traced  the  east  extension  of  the  Sliver  King  ledge  and  has  shown  good  ore  In 
a  shaft,  but  in  800  feet  of  tunnels  and  cross-cuts  has  failed  to  tap  the  ledge.  ' 

The  Silver  Queen  Mining  Company,  of  Victoria,  has  resumed  prospecting 
with  the  diamond  drill  on  the  Silver  Queen,  which  Is  believed  to  have  oWe  or 
the  branches  of  the  Sliver  King  ledge.  There  are  good  Indicatldns  ifl  Several 
open  cuts  and  silver-copper  ore  has  been  struck  in  a  shaft.  '     • 

The  Poorman  group  of  six  claims  on  Eagle  Creek,  six  miles  west  of  Nfelson 
and  two  miles  from  the  Kootenai  River,  Is  owned  by  N,  L.  Davenport  and 
others,  and  has  two  ledges  of  freo  milling  and  concentrating  ore  stn^m'f 
about  north  and  south  through  hornblendio  granite.  The  main  ledse,  Wnnfi 
varies  In  width  from  a  few  Inches  to  five  or  six  feet,  Is  tapped  by  a  nmety-»«Jt' 
cross-cut,  tTpia  w»fl(^h  drifts  run  180  feet  south  and  8»  feet  north.   '  It  the 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


147 


■outh  drift  the  ore  varies  from  a  stringer  to  five  or  six  feet,  with  alx  to  eight 
Inches  In  the  face,  and  has  been  ntoped  practically  to  the  surface  In  th« 
north  drift  Is  a  stope  seventy  to  eighty  feet  long  and  averaging  two  feet  wide! 
A  second  cross-cut  to  tap  the  ledge  In  450  feet  at  a  depth  of  m  feet.  Is  In  140 
feet  and  has  cut  a  fimall  ledge  from  which  fifty  tons  of  ore  have  been  mined 
In  a  forty-foot  drift.  A  tunnel  has  been  driven  140  feet  on  the  other  tedge 
showing  In  one  place  two  to  three  feet  of  ore  and  in  others  only  two  amal 
veins,  carrying  Iron  and  copper  pyrites  and  galena.  About  eighty  tons  of 
this  ore  have  been  milled,  giving  somewhat  higher  returns  than  the  other. 
The  mine  Is  equipped  with  a  three-drill  <!ompref<8or,  a  ten-stamp  mill  and 
three  vanners,  run  by  water  power,  the  water  being  brought  by  flume  and 
pipe  from  Kagle  Creek.  Wattr  Is  only  sufficient  from  April  to  July  Inclusive, 
but  Sandy  Creek  would  furnish  more  by  two  miles  of  fluming  and  the  Koo- 
tenai River  would  give  ample  power.  Aboui  »100,000  has  been  taken  from  the 
main  ledue.  the  ore  averaging  a.)out  $16  and  concentrating  about  ten  Into  one. 
As  depth  la  gained,  the  value  goes  more  Into  sulphides.  • 

The  Royal  Canadian  group  of  three  clalmr,  a  mile  west  of  the  Poorman. 
has  two  quartz  ledges  In  granite,  on  one  of  wIMch  a  206-foot  tunnel  shows  six 
to  forty-two  Inches,  with  an  average  of  sixteen  .'nches,  carrying  J12  to  $14  gold, 
while  fight  assays  ranged  from  $8  to  »51.  This  o-e  carries  8  to  12  per  cent.  Iroii 
pyrites  and  some  copper  pyrites.  Another  tunntl,  fifty  feet  above.  Is  In  sixty- 
six  feet,  showing  the  same  ledge  four  to  twelve  Inches  wide.  On  the  other 
ledge  a  short  tunnel  shows  the  parallel  ledge  two  to  twelve  inchs  wide,  carry- 
ing some  iron  and  copper  pyrites  and  fifteen  tons  «.  f  this  ore  yielded  $14.50  free 
gold  at  the  Poorman  mill. 

On  the  south  extension  of  the  Royal  Canadian  !s  the  Muldoon,  on  which 
M.  Monahan  haa  shown  a  small  stringer  in  a  tunnel. 

The  Majestic,  owned  by  John  Miles,  shows  eight  to  tTilrty-slx  Inches  of 
quartz,  carrying  little  pyrites,  In  a  120-foot  tunnel.  A  parallel  ledge  twelve  to 
sixteen  Inches,  carrying  free  gold,  shows  In  an  open  cut. 

The  Starlight  group  of  six  claims,  4,000  feet  above  the  Kootenai  River, 
has  two  auriferous  schistose  bands.  One  of  these  is  shown  by  a  tunnel  209 
feet  to  be  148  feet  wide  between  two  porphyry  dikes  and  assays  |3,  of  which 
35  per  cent.  Is  free.  At  158  feet  a  drift  was  run  fifty-nine  feet  east  and 
seventy-two  feet  west  on  a  parallel  ledge  of  quartz,  six  to  thlrty-t;)x  inches 
wide,  assaying  $2.50  to  $32  gold,  which  can  be  traced  700  or  800  feet  on  the  sur- 
face, ninety  feet  above.  The  other  band  of  schistose  ore  is  opened  by  a  fifty- 
foot  tunnel. 

The  Fern  group  of  three  claims  and  two  fractions,  under  bond  by  Frank 
Fletcher  and  Capt.  Duncan  to  the  Montreal  &  British  Columbia  Development 
Company,  is  four  and  one-half  miles  by  trail  from  Hall's  Siding  on  the  Nelson 
&  Fort  Sheppard  Railroad  and  has  a  ledge  averaging  about  two,  feet. and 
carrying  Iron  and  copper  pyriteR,  between  walls  of  porphyry  and  schist.  The 
lowest  working  Is  a  twenty-fout  cross-cut,  from  which  a  drift  runs  twenty- 
five  feet  on  the  ledge,  in  two  to  three  feet  of  decomposed  quartz  carrying  free 
gold,  and  a  winze  is  down  twenty-two  feet.  The  ledge  is  shown  above  this 
by  an  open  cut  and  ttfty  feet  higher  by  a  fifteen-foot  shaft  in  which  it  la 
twenty  one  inches  wide;  (Ifty  feet  higher  still,  it  Is  eighteen  to  twenty-four 
Indies  In  an  open  cut.  The  longest  tunnel  is  ;?50  feet,  driven  200  feet  above  the 
lowetit  tunnel,  and  shows  the  ledf,'o  four  Inches  to  three  and  one-half  feet, 
while  an  ore  chute  thirty  inches  wide  has  Just  been  entered,  which  is  said  to 
assay  12  ounces  gold.  A  third  tunnel,  sixty  feet  higher,  runs  160  fact  on  the 
ledge,  which  widens  from  three  Inches  to  three  and  one-half  feet.  A  two- 
stamp  prospecting  mill  has  been  erected,  but  is  not  running.  A  shipment  of 
twenty-flve  tons  to  the  lllot  Bay  smelter  returned  $39  gross. 

The  Athabasca  group  of  four  claims  on  Morning  Mountain,  two  miles  from 
Nelson,  has  been  acquired  by  the  Athabasca  Gold  Mining  Company.  Seven 
ledges  have  beeji  opened,  ranging  from  one  to  eight  feet  wide,  all  showing  free 
gold  with  some  Iron  and  copper  pyrites.  The  company  has  begun  develo^J- 
ment  and  Intends  to  erect  a  stamp  mill.  *  »».         u      u.  w 

The  more  recent  discoveries  have  shown  the  mountPa^s  through  which 
Salmon  River  Hows  southward  Into  the  Pend  d'Oieil!"  from  the  same  ridge, 
which  drains  northward  Into  the  Kootenai,  to  be  equally  well  veined  with 
mineral  Hero  the  sulphide  ores  are  found  in  some  instances  to  be  equally 
rich  in  gold  and  silver  and  to  have  galena  and  native  silver  associated  with 
them  There  are  also  great  bodies  of  iron-capped  sulphide  ore  in  a  dlorite 
formation,  similar  to  those  In  Trail  Creek  on  the  west. 

Development  is  In  progress  by  the  Dundee  Gold  Mining  Company  on  the 
Parker  group  of  three  claims  between  Wild  Horse  and  Porcupine  Creeks, 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  from  the  Nelson  &  Fort  Shept.ard  Railroad.  The 
ledge  crops  fifteen  feet  wide  betw^n  a  granite  footwall  and  a  hanging  waU  of 
black  aupltic  rock,  and  an  elghty-flv^  foot  shaft  on  the  hanghiK  wall  shows 
six  feet  of  quartz  carrying  Iron  sulphurets  and  a  little  galena  and  assaying  !>23 
gold  and  two  ounces  silver.     The  shaft  is  being  extended  to  the  100-foot  level. 

'^^^  A  p%Spomwhi^h"h''a«  attracted  rmich  attention  by  its  rich  su,rf.ce  .h«w- 
ingf  is  the  Elsie,  five  miles  by  trail  from  the  railroad,  which  Is  oelng  devel- 
oped by  the  Ells4  Gold  Mining  Company.  The  ledge  is  six  feet  wide  between 
slate  walls  and  carrie.s  two  to  three  feet  of  pay  ore,  the  mineral  being  iron 


Ul 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWKgT. 


and  copper  sulphldos,  galena,  black  sulphurets  and  native  sliver.  Three 
aamples  across  the  pay  struuk  ut  places  ten  feet  apart  assayed:  Oold  960.80. 
■liver  116  ounces;  gold  180.80,  silver  37  ounces;  gold  $88,  silver  17  ounces.  Ten 
assays  from  vnrioiis  parts  of  the  ledge  ranged  from  $7.20  gold  and  1  ounce 
•llwr  up  to  $1,046  Kold  and  234  ounces  silver,  an  eleventh  assay  having  shown 
■enly  a  trace  of  gold  u  id  6V<i  ounces  silver. 

The  Cromwell,  on  the  north  fork  of  Salmon  River,  fifteen  miles  from  the 
railroad,  with  a  wagon  road  within  three  miles.  Is  being  developed  by  the 
•Cromwell  Mining  &  Uivelopment  Company.  A  twelve-foot  shatt  shows  three 
feet  of  quartz  carrying  pyrites,  which  ussays  >80  to  $140,  mostly  In  gold. 

The  Salmon  River  Qo.d  Mining  Company  has  the  Swlnker  group  of  three 
claims  twenty-eight  irilles  east  of  Waneta  Station.  They  are  on  the  south 
slope  of  a  high,  rounc'ed  mountain  und  in  a  diorite  formation  have  four  wide 
Iron-capped  ledges  running  east  and  west.  A  number  of  open  cuts  have 
shown  tnelr  character  and  In  one  Is  almost  four  feet  of  solid  pyrrhotlte, 
Assaying  50  cents  to  %Z  gold  on  the  surface,  such  values  as  have  been  shown  on 
the  tiurface  of  simllai   ledges  In  Trail  Creek. 

The  B^ar  Cre«;k  A'  Inlng  Company  Is  developing  the  Portland  group  of  four 
claims  on  the  divide  between  Hear  and  Beaver  creeks  and  many  other  prop- 
erties In  the  same  district  are  making  good  showings  in  the  course  of  develop- 
tuent. 


sy 

it 


^l 


BOUND  ART   CREIK. 

This  dletrlct.  occupying  the  middle  ground  between  the  Okanogan  River 
and  the  Trull  Ureek  mining  district,  and  including  an  ar^a  of  1,'jOO  square 
jnlles  Immediately  north  of  the  boundary,  has  risen  into  prominence  during 
the  last  few  years  and  is  now  the  scene  of  as  much  activity  as  Trail  Creek 
when  the  latter's  wealth  hud  been  proved  but  had  not  been  poured  forth  in 
the  form  of  dividends.  Its  development  has  been  retarded  by  Its  remoteness 
from  trunsportution,  but  this  defect  Is  likely  to  be  soon  repaired  by  the 
extension  of  the  Columbla&  Western  Railroad  from  Uossland  throu.^h  the 
heart  of  this  country  to  a  connection  at  Pentlcton  with  the  Canadian  V'actflo 
steamer  on  Okanogan  Lake,  which  connects  with  the  Slcamcus  branch  of  that 
railroad.  The  road  Is  now  under  construction  up  the  Columbia  Riv'jr  from 
Tr'^il  to  Robson,  a  distance  of  twenty-tive  miles,  and  Sl.CiOO.OOO  has  been  raised 
fo/  the  further  extension  across  the  mountains,  down  Christina  Lako  and  the 
North  Kettle  River,  up  Kettle  and  Okanogan  Rivers  to  Pentlcton.  The 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  has  also  made  surveys  for  a  line  from  Marcus  up 
Kettle  River  to  run  partly  through  Wa.Hhington  and  partly  throv.gh  British 
Columbia. 

T"^-"  present  routes  Into  this  country  are  from  Vancouver,  B.  C,  by  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railroad  to  Slcamous  Junction.  331  miles;  thence  by  the 
Blcanious  branch  to  Jkanogun  Landing,  Jlfty-one  miles;  from  there  by  the 
steamer  Aberdeen  to  Pentlcton,  eighty  miles;  then  by  stage  to  Midway,  elghty- 
flve  miles;  Boundary  Falls,  eighty-nine  miles;  Anaconda,  ninety-two  miles; 
Greenwood,  ninety-three  miles;  Carson,  105  miles;  Grand  Forks,  110  milea,  In 
each  instance  from  Pentlcton.  The  other  route  Is  from  Spokane  by  the 
Spokane  Falls  &  Northern  Railroad  to  Marcus,  102  miles,  or  Bossburg,  110 
miles,  thence  by  stage  to  Grand  Forks,  forty-five  miles,  the  distanoea  to 
other  points  being  obtained  by  reckoning  along  the  first-named  route  In  the 
opposite  direction.  Robert  Wood,  of  Greenwood,  has  built  a  wagon  road 
from  that  town  to  Greenwood  and  Wellington  Camps  at  a  cost  of  $5,000  and 
has  also  extended  the  road  from  Dcadwood  Camp  &n  far  as  Copper  Campb 
Another  road  hag  been  built  from  Midway  to  White's,  or  Central,  Camp, 
shortening  the  distance  to  five  miles,  and  the  British  Columbia  Prospecting 
Synldcate  has  made  one  up  Boundary  Creek  to  Long  Lake  Camp.  Bxten- 
Blons  are  being  continually  made,  and  trails  lead  to  the  remaining  campk 

The  Boundary  Creek  district  comprises  the  area  between  the  mouth  of 
Rock  Creek  on  the  west  and  the  north  fork  of  Kettle  River  on  the  east, 
between  the  boundary  on  the  south  and  the  source  of  Boundary  Creek,  twelve 
miles  north. 

The  geology  and  mineral  formation  of  this  district  are  best  described  by 
Samuel  S.  Fowler,  a  mining  engineer  of  Chicago,  In  a  report  prepared  for 
W.  T.  Thompson,  of  Midway,  after  an  examination  extending  over  nearly  a 
year.     He  said: 

"The  basal  rocks  of  the  district  are  quartzites,  mica  and  hydro-mica 
schists,  some  clay  slates  and  bands  of  limestone.  1  have  assumed  these  to  be 
of  the  Cambrian  or  pre-Cambrian  age.  They  are  highly  tilted  and  altered 
and  extend  from  just  west  of  Boundary  Creek  eastward.  From  this  western 
limit  we  find  more  recent,  probably  Devonian  or  lower  carboniferous  lime- 
stones,  and  further  west  again  cretaceous  sandstones,  shales,  etc.,  appear. 

"All  these  stratified  rocks  are  penetrated  and  disturbed  by  an  extensive 

series  of  eruptive  rocks  of  different  ages  and  nature.     These  Include  granite, 

syenite,   trachyte,  porphyry  and  diorite.      These  eruptives  are  more  or  lesi 

■  «atimately  connected  with  almost  all  the  mineral  depuslts  examined.      No 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


vm 


■yBternatic  geological  survey  has  been  undertaken  he  and  until  It  has  been 
It  will  be  Impraetk-able  to  Interpret  the  geloglcal  evidence  IntJll  gently 
o,„  i"  '^  Keneral  way.  however  I  may  say  that  the  granites  along  boundary 
Creek  seeni  to  be  accompanied  by  the  dry  silver  and  pold  ores  nhown  In  Provi- 
dence and  Bkylark  Camps,  etc.,  while  the  diorlte  bells  running  nearly  east  and 
west  are  accompanied  by  the  basic  sulphides  In  considerable  bodies  along 
contacts.  In  this  respect  the  district  Is  somewhat  similar  to  Trail  Creelt 
although  there  the  dlorltes  are  found  to  penetrate  the  granite  rocks  rather 
than  the  metamorphic  series.  •«»i"«j« 

"As  a  whole  the  ores  of  Boundary  Creek  may  be  classed  as  gold.  They 
consist  largely  of  mixtures  of  various  Iron  sulphide*,  with  small  amounts  U 
copper  pyrites,  all  more  or  less  ai'riferous.     There  are  exceptlo.is.  which  will 

"In  Copper  Camp  we  And  an  essentially  straight  copper  ore.  It  consists 
principally  of  copper  glance  In  quartz,  with  more  or  less  red  oxide  or  native 
copper  near  the  surface.  In  Deadwood  Camp  the  mosr  prominent  feature  Ij 
a  large  body  of  magnetic  Iron  (often  polarlc).  through  which  Is  disseminated 
auriferous  copper  pyrites.  Passing  east  over  the  Boundary  Creek  valley  to 
Greenwood  Camp,  we  tlnd  again  largo  bodies  of  magnetite  on  .lome  claims-  in 
Others,  at  less  elevation,  (iuart7.  accompanied  by  specular  Iron  and  calclte  In 
each  case  copper  pyrites  Is  present,  with  more  or  less  gold.  White's  Camp 
and  Wellington  both  show  considerable  amounts  of  Iron  and  copper  sulphides 
golrt-bearhig  In  all  cases.  In  the  north  part  of  the  district  the  L.ong  Lake 
Camp  Is  found  In  a  gi-anlte  and  schist  belt  with  radically  different  ores.  Thes* 
are  quartz,  carrying  free  gold  at  the  surface.  Below  we  ttnd  sliver  glanc«, 
tellurides  of  gold  and  silver,  native  tellurium,  along  with  blende,  and  amaU 
amounts  of  galena  In  some  of  the  veins.  Again  In  Providence  and  Skylark 
Camps,  on  both  sides  of  Boundary  Creek,  quartz  veins  In  the  schists  or 
granite  or  In  the  contacts,  carrying  the  dry  ores  of  silver,  are  i.  lund;  also 
occasionally  small  amounts  of  galena,  etc.,  are  present.  Graham  Camp 
exhibits  purely  copper  ores;  here,  however,  these  are  almost  entirely  copper 
pyrites  Instead  of  glance,  as  In  the  Copper  Camp. 

"The  great  number  of  claims  located  within  three  or  four  months  have 
been  principally  on  ground  in  or  near  the  largest  of  the  diorlte  belts.  The 
great  majority  of  these  are  practically  as  they  were  found,  and  I  have  seen 
but  few  of  them.  There  is  much  ground  that  has  yet  never  even  been  walked 
over;  much  of  it  Is  covered  by  dense  forest;  In  many  places  the  'wash'  is 
heavy,  and  >et  mineral  in  place  continues  to  be  found,  whether  or  not  lead 
ores  will  be  found  in  any  more  than  the  limited  quantity  shown  at  present  la 
doubtful,  but  from  what  is  already  seen  the  district  Is  essentially  one  of 
copper  and  gold,  and  in  which  more  or  less  dry  silver  ores  are  incidental." 

Mr.  Fowler  goes  on  to  discuss  the  principal  claims  In  detail,  and  then  sum- 
marizes his  facts,  as  follows: 

"From  the  foregoing  we  find:  One  camp  producing  copper  ore,  as  sucli« 
with  little  precious  metal.  Again,  in  and  near  the  Boundary  Creek  valley,  a 
belt  of  dry  silicious  silver-gold  ores,  carrying  practically  no  copper.  East  of 
this  many  groups  ol  claims  with  mixed  pyritous  ores,  containing  gold  and 
copper.  These  In  many  cases  are  not  In  need  of  preliminary  concentration; 
in  others  again  they  are.  Roughly  speaking,  they  average  4  to  5  per  cent, 
copper  and  carry  %f.  to  $3  gold  to  the  unit  of  copper." 

Prospecting  extended  gradually  eastward  from  the  placers  on  Rock  Creek, 
which  are  described  In  another  chapter.  L.  M.  McLarren,  of  Boundary  Falls, 
worked  placers  on  Boundary  Creek  In  1884  and  In  1885,  on  a  mountain  over- 
looking his  home  located  the  Tunnel  claim  on  a  two- foot  ledge  of  quartz, 
carrying  Iron  sulphurets,  gold  and  galena.  He  ran  a  tunnel  sixtar  feet  on  it 
and  got  various  assays,  running  about  |12  gold  and  28  ounces  swver,  in  one 
place  finding  a  little  nickel.  The  lack  of  transportation  caused  him  to 
abandon  the  claim  In  1890,  but  meanwhile  in  1887  W.  T.  Smith  had  located  the 
Nonsuch  on  the  same  mountain  and  gave  the  place  the  name  Smith  s  Camp. 
On  the  surface  he  found  three  feet  of  slate,  carrying  galena,  iron,  gold  and  a 
little  gray  copper.  He  has  run  two  tunnels  seventy-tlve  feet  apart,  one  elpMy 
feet  and  the  other  200  feet  long,  giving  a  depth  of  500  feet  and  showing  a  ledge 
of  free  milling  ore  two  to  three  feet  wide,  which  on  a  mlll'iK  test  jja'  a  .v^ 
gold,  but  at  depth  changes  to  iron  sulphurets.  The  Last  Chance,  the  north 
extension  of  the  Nonsuch,  has  a  shaft  about  sevnty-flve  feet  deep  showing 
two  to  three  feet  of  \con  pyrites,  with  galena  near  the  surface  and  In  places, 
as  depth  was  gained,  carrying  native  silver  in  sheets,  this  ore  being  worth  ae- 
hlgh  as  $75.  The  Republic,  a  northwest  extension  of  the  Nonsuch,  had  twelve 
Inches  of  $40  gold  and  sliver  ore  showing  In  a  twenty-foot  shaft.  These  three 
claims  have  been  incorporated  by  Mr.  Snilth  and  his  partners.  .   .      . 

The  Northern  Chief,  located  In  1892  by  James  Atwood  Avowed  twelve 
inches  of  free  milling  ore  In  a  ten-foot  shaft  The  Sookane&Grea^^ 
Mining  Company  bought  it.  erected  a  two-.itamp  mill  and  milled  the  ore  until 
at  forty  feet  of  depth  it  changed  to  sulphurets.^  The  claim  was  theij 
abandoned  and  the  mill  removed. ,  In  1896  J <>hn  Winters  a"^  others  relocat^ 
it  as  the  Boundary  Falls  and,  sinking  the  shaft  six  feet  further,  ran  into  $S» 
free  milling  <>re.  ^  Hecla,  J.  C.  Haas,  of  Greenwood,  and  James 

McNlcoI.  of  MfdwayTrvf  sho^n  by  a  twenvy-flve  foot  tunnel  a  four-foot 


irio 


MININO    IN    THK    PACIKIO    NORTHWK.8T. 


l»'<lg€t  currying  co|iper  and  Jron  pyrlteii  and  gnlpna,  nHHUvinK  |3  to  $8  fold.  10  to 
60  ountH'8  Hllver.  On  the  OoU-oiula.  a  twenty-foot  shaft  ahowD  a  niteen-foot 
lotlK*!.  in  which  the  poy  ore  asHiiyH  |3  to  |15  gold. 

On  the  oppoHlte  fllde  of  Houndary  Creek  the  Ruby,  owned  by  Momini.  Cook 
and  MiMiihon.  haH  a  forty-foot  nhaft  with  a  good  Bliowlnir  of  ore,  which  has 
urimiyed  as  high  aB  W  to  $C  gold  and  23  per  cent,  copper.  The  American  Boy, 
adjoining,  owned  by  It.  LouIm  Hutter.  of  Spokane,  has  a  ledge  isixteen  to 
■oventeen  IniheH  wide  on  which  a  Hhaft  ban  been  Hunk  Beventy-ttve  feet.  Two 
or  three  tooH  have  bet'n  ahlppcd  to  the  amelter  and  ran  about  200  ounces  In 
silver  and  $ao  in  gold. 

Traveling  up  Boundary  (reek,  one  comes  next  to  the  section  eu.led  Provi- 
dence Camp,  which  cxtendH  from  the  conllnes  of  Anaconda  northward  one 
mile  beyond  (Ireenwood  and  to  the  crust  of  the  ridge  on  each  side  of  the 
canyon,  and  contains  Mmall  ledges  of  very  high  grade  ore.  The  tlrst  discovery 
was  the  Providence,  made  In  1S92,  by  F.  A.  Bartholomew,  and  now  owned  by 
the  8i>okane  <%  Great  Northern  Mining  Company.  There  is  a  series  of  rich 
streaks  of  gold-lM-arlng  galena,  one  of  which  shows  twelve  to  elgl.teen  inches 
thick  In  a  sixty-rtve  foot  shaft.  Several  carloads  of  ore  were  Hhl.>pe<l  to  the 
Tacoma  smelter  and  yielded  from  f)Vj  ounces  gold  and  2:18  ounces  sliver  to  ^ 
ounce  gold  and  43«  ounces  silver.  The  same  company  also  owns  tho  Defiance, 
the  vein  on  which  carries  rich  suliihldes  of  silver,  and  made  two  shipments  In 
1893,  yielding  respectively  3S0  and  t^'u  ounces  silver  h:icI  1.8  and  •<  ounces  gold. 

The  Texas,  owned  by  J.  I-.  Wiseman  and  Charles  Vanness.  of  Orand 
Forks,  has  three  prospect  holes  on  a  ledge  of  pyrltt-s.  8<.>  far  shown  to  bo 
twenty  feet  against  a  trup  footwall.  with  the  hanging  wall  not  In  sight,  and 
traced  on  the  surface  lor  800  feet.  The  ore  assaj*  from  4  per  cent,  copper,  fl 
gold  and  2  ounces  'liver  to  ;!  per  cent,  coppt r,  $11  gold  and  4  ounces  silver,  and 
ore  has  been  s'luck  carrying  native  silver.  The  Master  Mason,  owned  by 
F.  A.  and  C  10.  Bartholomew,  ha^*  a  three-foot  ledge  of  ga.ena  and  pyrites 
between  wail*  of  slate  and  ()uartz.te.  A  (Ifiy-foot  shaft  has  been  sunK  with 
a  fourteen-loot  drift  from  the  bottom,  showing  the  vein  to  hold  Its  width  and 
Improve  In  quality.  It  assays  $10  to  $:18  gold  and  75  to  125  ounces  sliver.  F.  A. 
Bartholomew  also  owns  the  Combination,  on  which  there  Is  a  two-foot  ledge 
1  etween  slate  and  tjuartzlte  with  a  six-lnoh  pay  streak  of  very  rich  ore, 
carrying  native  silver,  galena  and  free  gold,  and  assaying  100  ounces  silver,  $25 
gold.  A  shaft  has  been  sunk  twenty-five  feet,  showing  the  native  sliver  to 
Increase  with  depth. 

A  parallel  ledge  runs  north  and  south  on  the  east  side  of  Boundary  Creek 
below  Greenwood  and  two  miles  on  the  west  side,  being  cut  by  the  creek.  The 
original  location  was  the  Black  Bess,  by  Mr.  Dlckman,  In  18M,  on  a  twelve- 
Inch  ledge  abutting  on  Anaconda  town,  and  It  was  relocated  In  ISiM  by  A.  N 
Symons  and  Joseph  Wallace,  who  shlp|>ed  eleven  tons  of  unsorted  ore.  It 
returne<l  IVz  ounces  gold,  29  our.ces  silver  and  %\^  per  cent.  lead.  Extensions 
were  then  located  north  and  south. 

On  the  .Houth  the  Capital  Prize,  owned  by  Thomas  Humphrey,  has  a  shaft 
six  feet  deep  on  a  four-foot  ledge  of  galena  carrying  about  $100  gold  and 
sliver. 

The  lA^iid  Kln.'t.  owned  by  A.  N.  Symons.  has  a  nine-foot  ledge  traced  for 
1,000  feet  on  the  surface,  the  High  Kicker,  by  J.  Wilbur,  being  a  south  exten- 
sion. The  Coming  Man.  by  Harry  Morgan,  has  Jifteen  feet  between  walla  on 
a  parallel  lead  to  the  Lead  King. 

To  the  north  Is  the  Mammoth,  owned  by  Fred  Dlttmer,  who  sank  a  shaft 
twenty-tlve  feet  and  ran  a  tunnel  thirty  feet  on  a  twelve-Inch  ledge  which 
assayed  11)7  ounce.s  silver  and  $22  gold. 

On  the  Dundee,  next  to  the  nort)),  Robert  Wood  and  James  Sutherland 
have  sunk  a  shaft  thlrly-tlve  or  forty  feet  on  a  twelve-Inch  ledge  of  quartz. 

The  G.  A.  R.  group  of  ol^ht  claims  to  the  north,  on  the  west  of  the  creek 
Is  owned  by  the  Boundary  Creek  Mining  Company,  and  are  all  supposed  to 
be  on  the  same  ledge,  as  they  have  similar  while  quartz  carrying  galena 
between  walls  of  diorlte  and  occasionally  lime,  wherever  walls  have  been 
found.  One  claim  shows  eleven  Inches  of  ge.lena  In  u  twentv-foot  shaft  and 
carries  $20  gold,  8  ounces  sliver.  A  parallel  ledge  twenty-five  feet  Wide 
has  only  been  uncoverc*!  and  not  assayed,  and  another  ledge  ten  feet  wide. Is 
undeveloped.  On  another  ledge  a  shaft  is  down  thirty-five  feet  showing  U 
four  to  twelve  feet  wide,  with  an  eight-Inch  pay  streak  carrying  'galena 
native  silver  and  free  gold.  A  shipment  of  four  and  one-half  tons  to  Tacoma 
returned  about  $100  and  assays  have  ranged  from  $.S0  to  $100.  Another  ledge 
shows  twelve  Inches  of  galena  and  wire  silver  In  a  small  shaft,  assays  ranging 
from  50  ounces  silver  and  $8  gold  upwards. 

The  Anaconda,  owned  by  Thomas  RlcDonald  and  W.  G.  McMynn  and  the 
J.  A.  C,  owned  by  D.  A.  Holbrook,  adjoining  the  G.  A.  R..  are  both  copper 
properties,  carrying  gold  and  stiver,  and  show  surface  Indications  of  a  large 
leflge. 

A  tour  of  the  district  naturally  takes  one  next  to  Dendwood  Camp  two 
and  one-half  miles  west  of  Greenwood.  The  discovery  claim  was  the  Mother 
Lode,  one  of  the  greatest  in  the  district,  and  dates  from  1891,  being  found 
by  William  McCormlck.  M.  K.  Ingram,  W. 'T.  Thompson  and  W.  W  O  bbs. 
It  has  beon  bonded  through  W.  T.  Thompson,  of  Midway,  to  Col.  John  Weir 
of  New  York,  who  Is  now  devt  loping  It.       It  has  a  contact  ledge   between 


MININU    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST, 


151 


"wallu  of  lime  and  wyonlte,  capped  with  matrnetlc  Iron  (often  polnric),  and 
hu3  betn  trac»!U  for  1,200  feet  and  to  a  width  of  over  100  foet  by  croijulnga. 
The  gurface  oro  uHaayt>d  H.M  to  |1B  gold  (rarely  the  latter),  but  km  depth  waa 
attalnid  In  a  l!»<>-f(iot  croHB-out,  of  which  IGO  feet  la  In  ore,  tho  maKiulIc  Iron 
gave  place  to  pyrrhotlto  richer  In  gold,  and  thlH  to  pyrrhotlte,  with  quart! 
and  sine  blendt^,  with  Htlll  hlKher  gold  valuets.  Uoyond  the  walla,  the  aurfhce 
country  rock  Ih  Hllghtly  mInerullBeJ  for  a  width  of  000  feet. 

The  Crown  Silver  and  Bunaet,  on  two  parallel  ledgea  of  tho  aamo^char- 
•cter,  have  been  bonded  by  W.  W.  Qlbba  and  Jamea  Bchotleld  to  u  Montreal 
syndicate  for  $16,000.  The  Bunaet  iedge  la  760  feet  between  wuUh  of  porphyry 
and  quartzlte,  and  haa  been  traced  fur  400  feet;  the  Crown  Etilvcr  haa  a  crop- 
ping tifty  feet  Wide  and  haa  been  traced  the  Mume  distance.  The  Bunaet 
haa  a  tunnel  In  twenty-tlve  feet,  a  ahuft  elghtetn  feet  and  an  open  cut  forty 
fe«t  acroaa  the  vein,  all  In  ore  of  the  aame  character,  and  though  the  vein 
hai  not  been  cruaa-cut  both  walla  have  been  found.  The  Crown  or  haa 
a  twelve-foot  ahaft  and  a  twenty-foot  tunnel,  ahowtng  u  atlU  better  '^e  of 
ore  and  well-detined  walls.  The  Sunset  ore  la  copper  sulphides  aus.  )  ag  IS 
to  $10  gold  and  10  per  cent,  r^opper. 

The  Great  Hopes,  >  )n-ted  by  J.  P.  Harlan  and  others  to  the  Qr>  it  Hopea 
Mining  Company  for  $''-{000,  haa  a  vein  of  arsenical  Iron,  which  >i  be  "aced 
for  nearly  the  wl  jle  l<^ngth  of  the  claim.  The  ore  chute  la  ►se  anu  ono- 
half  feet  wide,  traced  for  400  feet  and  aaaaya  an  ounce  of  gotu.  Nur^^eror  > 
open  cuta  have  be«n  ade,  u  ahaft  Is  down  twenty-ttvo  fuet  and  a  v  maei 
on  the  vein  forty  :  all  showing  the  aume  wlJth  and  Quality  of  o;'t  The 
Uem,  owned  by  W.  Mctyormick  and  John  Dui:n,  who  have  bon'  J  ,i  naif 
Interest  to  '^'arland  &  Hayes,  of  Portage  la  Prairie;  the  Iron  T«i)  and  Gold 
Drop,  by  juiiii  Dunn  and  Samuel  Larsen,  alao  have  good  showings. 

The  Morrison,  owned  by  George  T.  Crane  and  others,  of  fcpokane.  has  a 
ledge  carrying  arsenical  Iron  and  copper  pyrites  and  assaying  $6  to  |-U  o'old 
and  as  high  as  40  per  cent,  copper.  A  shaft  has  bien  sunk  aoout  lii'ty  feet 
to  the  ledge  showing  a  large  body  of  ore,  but  Its  width  has  not  bten  defined 
by  a  croaa-cut. 

The  real  beginning  of  the  movement  Into  this  district  was  the  discovery 
•of  Copper  Camp,  three  and  one-half  miles  further  west  than  Deadwood  along 
the  same  road  from  Greenwood,  on  the  divide  between  Copper  and  Ingram 
Creeks.  Locations  had  been  made  as  early  as  1880,  but  local  historians  date 
discoveries  from  1887,  when  George  Bowman  and  George  Laysun  lound  a 
great  contact  ledge  carrying  red  oxide  of  copper,  bla"':  oxide  of  copper, 
some  copper  carbonates  and  pyrrhlc  oxide  of  Iron,  carrying  gold  and  silver, 
native  copper  and  copper  glance.  They  located  the  Blue  Bird  on  it  in  the 
following  year,  but  lost  It  through  not  doing  assessment  work,  and  in  1889 
Austin  Hammer  and  John  Moran  located  the  Copper  Mine,  includlr.g  half 
the  Blue  Bird,  and  William  Austin  located  the  Last  Chance.  Including  the 
other  half.  The  King  Solomon  Is  owned  by  the  Spokane  &  Great  Northern 
Mining  Company.  The  Last  Chance,  Enterprise,  by  T.  Humphrey,  Kwlng 
Kelghtley  and  Scott  McRae,  and  Honolulu  are  extensions  of  the  King  Solo- 
mon lead;  the  Yucatan,  by  George  Rlter,  on  the  Copper  Mine  extension;  the 
Copperopoiis,  by  Mr.  Rlter;  the  Jumbo,  by  T.  L.  Savage;  the  Cuprite,  by 
Scott  McRae  and  others;  the  Paramatta,  by  Robert  Burrows,  and  the  Har- 
otiehla,  by  Martin  Grlftln.  All  these  claims  are  on  the  northt^st  extension 
of  the  Copper  Mine  lead,  tracing  it  for  over  13,000  feet  In  that  tilrecton, 
while  six  or  seven  other  claims  beyond  are  supposed  extensions  southwest 
from  the  Copper  Mine,  and  adjoining  its  south  side  Is  the  Last  Cnanse. 
from  which  the  lead  extends  to  the  Sycamore,  located  by  Frank  Bcauc.iene, 
other  locations  stretching  miles  to  the  nouthwest.  '1  he  K.ng  Solomon  and 
Copper  Queen  are  on  parallel  ledges  east  of  the  Copper  Mhie,  and  the  Copper 
Bottom,  by  George  Rlter.  Is  "  i  the  same  aide.  ,  ...     »         , 

The  Copper  has  been  houued  tor  $27,000  to  Col.  John  Weir,  of  the  American 

tal  Company,  who  sa.ik  a  Hfty-foot  shaft  In  lime  on  the  footwall  and  a 

ety-foot  cross-cut  run  to  the  porphyrjr  hanging  wall,   showing  '^^"jy* 


Metal 

aeven  feet  of  ore  between  walls,  continually  Imi.n  "ing  with  depth 


this  ledge  are  others  of  similar  ore,  which  can  be  cross-cut  «it  a-^ffPt"„  °? 
over  500  feet  frora  the  bottom  of  the  shaft.  Assay.-*  show  0  per  cent,  and 
upwards  In  copper.      The  main  ledge  Is  nowhere  Jess  than  twenty  feet  wioe, 


flat  "to  20"  degrees  and  the  cour-^-  Is  Misi    .. T"      "  „„' K„f -thnsp  so  far 

the  whole  ledge  are  posislble  till  both  walls  are  shown  up,  but  those  so  rar 
obtained  run  from  $5  to  $125  gold  silver  and  coPPP';-„„,„,„  .„  .he  ea'^t  one 
Returning  to  Greenwood  and  climbing  the  mountain  to  the  east,  one 
comes  In  tw5  miles  io  Skylark  Camp  on  the  divide  between  fwhia^^^ 
Creeks,  where  large  pyrltc  a  1.  dges  are  found  in  '-»»«;  ««f^,'''^,''\"^^ 
The  first  discovery,  made  In  1893.  was  a  th>'ee-lnch  streak  of  f ^lena,  on  wnicn 
Samuel  Bloyer  and  James  Atwood  located  the  fj'y'a'^*^  ^"^^Vl^^LSoo  to  1  2W 
Thomas  Wake  t he  Denver.  It  widen-d  with  depth  a^^  *1f ^-^Jf^ ^^^  %  ^"^ 
ounces  silver  i¥>  to  4  ounces  gold.  The  S»^>i»'^„;*^^V?"%u/f«et  am^ 
Walters  for  $5,000.  and  he  lea^d  It  io  others,  ^  ho  sank  fortj-four  i<»<^t  ana 


162 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


made  a  shipment  which  returned  $158  gold  and  silver.  Then  the  Spokane  ft 
Great  Northern  Mining  Company  took  It  and  shipped  sixty-two  tons  via 
Mujcus,  which  yieiaed  1,892  ounces  silver,  15  ounces  gold  per  ton,  freight 
being  {30.  The  r  .Ine  had  so  far  paid  for  its  development,  but  the  ledge  belnc 
broken,  it  was  returned  to  the  owners.  They  sank  seventy-five  feet  further, 
structe  it  agai!i  thirty-two  inches  wi^e  and  sold  to  the  Lexington  Mining 
Company.  It  carries  gray  copper,  steel  galena,  ruby  sliver  anu  about  7  per 
cent,  lead,  assaying  from  50  to  2,000  ounces  silver,  |iO  to  $50  gold.  Develop- 
ment is  being  continued  and  shows  Increasing  value.  On  the  Denver,  also 
sold  to  the  samt^  company,  a  thirty-foot  shaft  and  a  cross-cut  showed  thirty 
feet  of  iron  pyrlte,  also  running  through  the  Skylark. 

The  Silver  King,  owned  by  Thomas  Wake  and  James  Atwood,  has  several 
parallel  ledges  of  pyrrhotite  with  streaks  of  galena  one  to  four  inches  wide, 
and  a  crcjs-cut  fifty  feet  from  the  footwall  has  not  reached  the  hanging 
wall.  Assays  of  the  pyrrhotite  show  $4.25  to  $5.25  gold,  besides  copper.  On 
the  same  ledges  are  the  Santa  Anna  and  T.  &  B. 

The  Last  Chance,  owned  by  George  Cook  and  Messrs.  Reed  and  Cole,  of 
Spokane,  had  ^'vo  to  six  Inches  of  galena  on  the  surface,  which  widened  to 
twenty-four  inches  in  an  eighty-foot  shaft. 

The  Golcen  Crown  and  Lookout,  owned  by  Richard  Watson,  both  have 
ten  inches  of  galena,  assaying  $5  gold  and  9  ounces  silver,  and  a  ten-foot 
snaft  on  the  Golden  Crown  shows  it  to  maintain  its  width. 

East  of  the  Skylark  are  the  Lulu,  Nellie  Cotton,  Blue  Jay,  Smuggler, 
Red  Rock  and  Skyline,  all  with  good  surface  showings  of  quartz,  carrying 
$11  gold.  The  Nellie  Cotton  has  a  thirty-foot  shaft  showing  thu  ledge  thirty 
inches  wide. 

The  Crescent,  owned  by  William  Dlttmer  and  Robert  Mack,  has  twelve 
to  eighteen  inches  of  galena,  on  which  there  is  a  twenty-foot  shaft.  Assays 
have  run  from  116  to  1,12(5  ounces  silver  and  $22  to  $64  gold.  The  Mexico,  the 
west  extension  of  the  Crescent,  owned  by  Scott  McRae  and  others,  has  a 
ten-foot  shaft  on  the  same  ledge. 

The  Nightingale  and  Mayflower,  owned  by  C.  Christy,  have  a  capping  of 
magnetic  iron  sixty  feet  wide,  which  h.\s  assayed  $8  gold,  7  per  ceat.  copper 
and  some  silver,  but  only  surface  orospecting  has  been  done. 

The  Trilby,  bonded  by  W.  H.  Norris  and  Randolph  Stuart  to  W.  Nelson, 
of  Boundary  Falls,  has  a  twenty-foot  shaft,  a  twenty-flve-foot  cross-cut 
on  the  Mayflower  extension. 

,Two  and  a  half  miles  further  east,  on  the?  divide  between  Llnd  and  Fourth 
of  July  Creeks,  is  Greenwood  Camp,  noted  for  Its  ledges  of  pyritic  ore^  equal 
in  size  to  those  of  Deadwood.  The  Stemwlnder,  located  by  Robert  Tjrfnxlcr 
and  James  Atwood,  and  sold  for  $12,000  to  the  Pyrlte  Smelting  Company,  of 
Butte,  has  two  parallel  ledges,  twenty  feet  and  seven  or  eight  feet  wide,  of 
iron  and  copper  pyrites,  which  has  given  assays  ranging  from  $6  to  $t)0  gold, 
5  to  6  per  cent,  copper  and  1  to  8  ounces  sliver.  The  owners  have  sunk  a 
double  compartment  shaft  sixty  feet  between  the  two  ledges,  drifted  twenty- 
five  feet  from  that  point  eastward,  cross-cutting  the  small  vein  and  then 
sur.jv.     They  have  also  sunk  a  shaft  fifty  feet  on  the  larger  vein. 

On  the  same  ledges  are  the  Gray  Eagle,  owned  by  James  Scholield  and 
John  Steven;:;  the  Knob  Hill,  owned  by  H.  P.  Palmerston,  Henry  White,  C. 
J.  Lundy,  John  Stevens,  John  Hotter  and  A.  B,  Jones,  of  Spokane,  who  have 
given  a  bond  for  $30,000;  the  Old  Ironsides,  recently  sold  by  the  Old  Ironsides 
Mining  Company  for  $15,000;  the  Phoenix,  owned  by  Thomas  Tighe,  James 
Schofield  and  Thomas  McDonald;  the  Montezuma,  owned  by  Ewen  Keiglitley. 
On  these  claims  the  ledge  shows  up  fifty  to  100  feet  wide,  and  development 
on  a  larg6  scale  is  in  progress  on  the  Old  Ironsides.  On  the  Montezuma  are 
two  shafts,  twenty  and  twelve  feet  deep  respectively,  and  th^  ledge  has 
been  traced  to  a  width  of  sixty-six  feet.  Assays  show  $4  to  $38  iold  and  11 
per  cent  copper. 

The  "reatfist  development  has  been  done  by  the  Montreal  &  Vanoouvsr 
Prospecting  &  Development  Company  on  the  Snowshoe  group  of  three  claims, 
which  were  bonded  for  $fi8,50C'.  There  are  three  distinct  ledges,  running 
nearly  north  and  south,  ranging  from  fifty  to  200  feet  wide,  of  Iron  and  copi>er 
pyrites,  carrying  gold  and  silver,  between  walls  of  dlorlte.  About  225  feet  of 
development  work  has  been  dene,  one  shaft  being  down  110  feet  another 
seventy-five  feet  and  a  number  of  prospect  holes  six  to  twelve  feet,  the  ledge 
cropping  out  100  feet  wide  and  assaying  $6  to  $53  gold  and  13  per  cent,  copper. 
The  company  ran  a  number  of  diamond  drill  holes,  sank  shafts  forty  and 
seventy-flve  feet,  and  cross-cut  fifty  to  sixty  feet  from  the  footwall  towards 
the  hanging  wall,  showing  ore  which  carried  $16  to  $25  gold,  3  to  10  per  cent 
copper.  The  cross-cuts  showed  122  feet  of  ore  of  various  grades  In  the  Oold 
Drop,  and  some  of  the  diamond  drill  cores  assayed  $50  gold.  The  company 
took  up  its  bond  on  this  claim  and  dropped  that  on  the  Snowshoe  and  Mon- 
arch. The  Monarch  was  bonded  to  R.  E.  Brown,  of  South  Africa,  who  also 
bought  the  Tamarack  for  $4,000  cash  and  bonded  the  Dandy  for  flO.OOO,  and 
is  preparing  for  development. 

Adjoining  the  Stemwlnder  on  the  west  Is  the  Brooklyn,  owned  by  Joseph 
Taylor.  George  Bumberger  and  Stephen  Mangltt,  who  have  cross-cut  eighty 
or  ninety  feet  from  the  lime  footwall,  and  not  yet  found  the  hanging  waU. 

West  of  the  Monarch  Is  the  War  Eagle,   owned  by  Robert  Denzler  and 


MiNINa    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


in 


Thomas  Johnson,  which  Is  locally  known  as  the  mineral  ranch,  every  atake 
being  in  mineral.  A  shaft  has  been  sunk  twenty  feet  in  one  ledge  of  un- 
known width  and  an  open  cut  runs  across  another  ledge,  which  it  shows  to 
be  twenty-ttve  feet  wide,  with  no  hanging  wall  yet  discovered.  The  ore 
assays  $2  to  $6  gold  and  3  to  11  per  cent,  copper. 

The  Vitoria,  owned  by  John  Stevens,  adjoins  the  Old  Ironsides  on  the 
east,  and  has  a  ledge  fifty  feet  wide,  on  which  a  shaft  is  down  fifteen  feet, 
and  a  number  of  cross-cuts  have  been  made  to  find  the  walls. 

To  the  south  of  this  Is  the  Etna,  owned  by  George  Kumberger,  and  be- 
tween the  Etna,  Monarch  and  War  Eagle  is  the  Missing  Link,  owned  by 
George  Rumberger  and  Harry  Morgan,  who  have  run  a  cioss-cut  on  the 
ledge,  but  have  only  one  wall. 

In  1895  prospecting  was  extended  up  Boundary  Creek  to  Long  Lake,  one 
of  its  sources,  by  Louis  Bosshart,  Fred  Dittman,  C.  Thomet  and  Spencer 
Benerman,  and  they  discovered  a  series  of  gold  and  silver-bearing  ledges  on 
JlQth  shores,  running  northeast  and  southwest  through  schists,  quartzite  and 
dikes  of  diorite.  The  ledges  carry  iron  and  copper  pyrites  and  galena,  with 
occasional  tellurldes  of  lead  and  silver.  On  the  Gold  Drop,  Messrs.  Bossh.iri 
and  Dittmer  have  sunk  twenty  feet  on  three  to  four  feet  of  ore,  giving  very 
high  assays.  The  North  Star,  on  the  north  extension,  owned  by  Robert 
Wood  and  J.  W.  H.  Wood,  by  C.  Thomet,  shows  a  ledge  three  to  five  feet 
in  a  thirty-flve-foot  shaft,  assaying  from  $30  upward,  and  the  shaft  has  been 
extended  seventy-five  feet  and  a  tunnel  run  100  feet.  Beyond  this  Is  the 
Oolden  Eagle,  by  Messrs.  Benerman  and  Peterson,  and  Mr.  Benerman  has 
the  Silent  Friend,  in  which  a  small  shaft  shows  thirty  inches  of  $50  ore.  The 
Jewel  was  located  on  a  parallel  ledge  by  Messrs.  Bosshart  and  Dittmer,  who 
have  shown  $26  ore  in  four  small  shafts,  while  a  lower  cropping  shows  $46  ore. 

On  the  extension  of  this  ledge  are  the  Anchor,  Ethiopia,  Robert  Emmet 
and  Enterprise  fraction,  and  beyond  these  is  the  Dlnero  Grande,  on  which 
Messrs.  McArthur  and  Shonquest  have  a  five-foot  ledge  well  mintralized, 
shown  in  a  shaft  and  cross-cut.  The  Jewel  and  Dlnero  Grande  have  been 
bonded  for  $60,000  to  Leslie  Hill,  for  the  British  Columbia  Prospecting  Syndi- 
cate, who  has  erected  a  steam  hoist,  pump  and  power  drills  and  is  sinking 
a  shaft. 

On  the  north  end  of  the  lake,  C.  Thomet,  Robert  Wood  and  J.  W.  H. 
Wood  have  run  a  tunnel  over  100  feet  on  a  ledge  on  the  Lakeview,  which 
widens  to  three  and  one-half  feet  and  carries  hessite,  native,  leafy  and  wire 
copoer,  surface  specimens  having  assayed  $60  gold. 

On  the  west  side  of  the  lake,  A.  B.  Jones,  of  Spokane,  John  Powell  and 
Mrs.  Robert  Wood,  of  Greenwood,  have  the  Roderick  Dhu  on  two  ledges 
twelve  and  forty-eight  inches  wide.  On  the  smaller,  a  fifty-foot  shaft 
showed  galena  which  assayed  $80  gold  and  80  ounces  silver,  and  on  the  wider 
vein  two  cross-cuts  showed  antimonlal  silver,  somewhat  lower  In  value. 
On  the  Samson,  Mr.  Galloway,  of  Vancouver,  B.  C,  has  two  to  three  feet 
of  ore  running  $20  in  gold 

In  traveling  from  Greenwood  to  Grand  Forks,  one  comes  to  Wellington 
Camp,  nine  miles  from  the  former  place,  the  characteristic  ores  being  pyrrho- 
tlte  and  copper  pyrites.  The  first  discovery  here  was  the  Oro  in  1892  by 
Joseph  Taylor  on  a  three-foot  ledge  of  silver-bearing  quartz.  Then  W.  J. 
Peter  and  Thomas  Russell  located  the  Golden  Crown  on  a  ledge  of  free- 
milling  ore  three  or  foir  feet  wide,  which  a  sixty-foot  shaft  and  several 
open  cuts  show  to  widen,  the  ore  assaying  from  $7  to  $200  gold,  and  averaging 
Seo  gold  at  forty  feet  ieep.  This  is  under  bond  to  the  Golden  Crown  & 
Brantford  Mining  Comr  '.ny  for  $30,000.  This  company  has  also  bonded  the 
Calumet  for  $18,000,  on  which  is  a  twelve-foot  ledge  carrying  pyrrhoilte,  assay- 
ing $4  to  $32  gold,  besldos  copper.  ^..^  „,.^ 

The  Winnipeg,  adjoining  the  Golden  Crown,  is  owned  by  Duncan  Mcintosh 
and  has  a  ledge  seventeen  feet  wide,  on  which  shafts  have  been  sunk  thirt.,  - 
five  and  sixty  fe^-t  witli  a  drift  of  thirty  feet  at  the  fifty-foot  level,  on  ore 
averaging  $50  gold.  One  shipment  of  eight  tons  has  been  made.  The  Calumet, 
adiolning  the  Winnipeg,  is  owned  by  R.  F.  McCarren  and  has  a  twelve-foof 
ledire  carying  pyrrhotite,  which  assays  $4  to  $32  gold  and  a  little  copper. 

On  the  Keystone  group  Joseph  Taylor  has  sunk  shafts  twelve  to  fifteen 
fee*  and  run  several  cross-cuts,  showing  sixteen  feet  from  the  footwall  with 
no  hanging  wall  in  sight,  assays  running  $4  to  «5  gold  and  5  per  cent,  copper. 
On  the  northf^st  extension  Taylor  &  Co.  have  sunk  twenty-five  and  fourteen 
f^t  on  two  .tiges  assaying  $8  gold.  John  Myer  and  Daniel  McLean  have 
shown  a  four-foot  ledge  carrying  galena  in  a  twenty-five  foot  shaft  on  the 
Keno,  assays  running  2  to  3  ounces  gold,  45  to  55  ounces  silver.  John  Myer 
and  Ben  Burgunder  have  a  ledge  of  pyrites  on  the  Colorado,  where  a  twenty- 
foot  cross-cut  has  failed  to  find  either  wall,  and  also  have  an  elghteen-inch 
atreak  of  galena  assaying  $45  gold  and  silver.  On  the  Buttercup  John  Farrell 
has  shown  eight  feet  of  pyritlc  ore  in  a  small  shaft  and  seveiral  surface  cuts. 
George  Cook  Is  sinking  on  the  Jim  to  show  up  a  ledge  of  oyrltes  at  least  fifty 
feet  wide,  assaying  18  to  20  per  cent  copper  and  $10  gold,  xhe  Outburst,  owned 
^  W  A  Glover,  has  a  true  fissure  vein  of  white  quanz  about  twelve  Inches 
wide,  wh'ich  assays  V,  ounce  gold  3  per  cent,  copper  and  45  ounces  sliver.  On 
exteAslons  of  this  vein  are  the  St.  Charles  owned  by  George  M.  Miller  and 
the  St.  Jbroeg,  by  W.  A.  01oV#i»  and  James  B.  Walker. 


164 


MININQ    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


^ 


In  the  newer  part  of  Wellington  Camp,  development  has  made  some  of 
h^  largest  and  most  valuable  showings  In  the  district.  The  most  prominent 
it  these  has  been  found  by  George  Coolt  on  the  Jim,  which  has  fifty  to 
seventy-five  feet  of  solid  ore  In  a  contact  between  Ume  and  diorlte.  The 
surface  ore  is  pyrrhotite  and  chalcopyrlte,  carrying  large  gold  and  copper 
values,  which  Increase  with  depth.     Mr.  Cook  is  actively  developing. 

On  the  divide  between  Single  and  Douglas  Creeks,  nine  miles  from  Grand 
Forks  and  five  miles  from  Midway  and  extending  to  the  boundary,  is  White's, 
or  Central,  Camp,  of  which  the  ores  are  mainly  high  grade  gold  and  silver. 
James  Atwood  made  the  first  discovery  on  the  Lexington,  now  owned  by 
Joseph  Taylor  and  others,  and  on  the  City  of  Parts.  On  the  former  a  100-foot 
cross-cut,  giving  a  depth  of  100  feet,  has  been  run  to  tap  an  eight-foot  ledge 
of  pyrites  between  walls  of  dolomite  and  serpentine,  assays  of  which  show 
^26  gold,  12  ounces  silver,  6  per  cent,  copper. 

The  City  of  Paris,  bonded  by  an  English  company,  has  a  parallel  ledge,^ 
shown  to  a  width  of  sixteen  feet  by  a  flfty-slx  foot  shaft  and  several  cross- 
cuts, assays  running  $18  gold,  5  to  20  ounces  silver,  7%  per  cent,  copper.  The- 
City  of  Lincoln,  bonded  by  the  same  company,  has  an  eight-foot  ledge  tapped 
by  a  100-foot  cross-cut,  a  shaft  seventy  feet  and  a  tunnel  150  feet,  and  a  ship- 
ment of  a  few  tons  to  the  Omaha  smelter  returned  $21  gold,  3  ounces  silver,  8 
per  cent,  copper.  A  small  shaft  anrl  some  surface  cuts  have  shown  a  ten-foot 
ledge  carrying  pyrites  on  the  No.  4,  owned  by  H.  P.  Pelmerston  and  Henry 
White,  assays  showing  $12  gold  and  8  per  cent,  copper.  The  Gold  Dollar, 
owned  by  James  Atwood  and  John  Douglas,  has  a  ledge  of  white  quartz  four 
to  twelve  Inches  wide,  carrying  free  gold,  between  walls  of  dlorite  and  blue 
lime.  Considerable  work  has  been  done  during  the  winter  and  has  made  a 
good  showing.     Assays  run  all  the  way  from  $10  to  $300. 

The  Mabel  has  three  shafts  down  on  what  are  supposed  to  be  three  distinct 
ledges  of  free  milling  and  copper  sulphuret  ore,  showing  ore  in  two  of  them 
which  carries  $40  to  $100  gold  and  5  ounces  silver,  and  In  tha  third  from  $!(► 
upwards  In  gold  and  5  to  300  ounces  silver.  The  Oro,  the  south  extension  of 
the  Mabel,  has  had  much  development  done,  showing  good  gold  values  and 
rapidly  Increasing  copper  value  In  an  easily  mined  gangue. 

Col.  John  Weir,  representing  the  American  Metal  Company,  has  been 
vigorously  pushing  work  on  the  No.  7  group  of  three  claims,  which  have  two 
parallel  ledges  running  their  full  length  and  carrying  gray  copper  and  galena. 
One  of  th;fse  is  two  feet  wide  on  the  surface  and  a  continuous  ore  chute  aas 
been  traced  in  the  cropplngs  for  800  feet.  A  shaft  has  been  sunk  150  feet 
showing  ore  which  steadily  improved  in  quality  and  quantity  as  depth  wa» 
gained  and  a  200-foot  drift  at  the  150-foot  level  Is  In  ore  the  whole  distance, 
assaying  about  $80  gold,  75  ounces  silver.  A  cross-cut  is  being  run  from  the 
shaft  to  tap  the  parallo)  six-foot  ledge,  in  which  shafts  twenty  and  thirty  feet 
have  shown  even  richer  ore.  This  property,  which  cost  $20,000,  now  has  over 
$70,000  worth  of  ore  in  si,?ht. 

On  the  New  York,  owned  by  Douglas  &  Co.,  thi3  ledge  is  shown  up  in  200' 
feet  of  tunnel  and  shaft. 

On  the  Jack  of  Spades  group  of  three  claims,  a  French  company  repre- 
sented by  M.  Gire  has  a  lodge  at  least  fifteen  feet  wide  with  neither  wall 
shown  in  two  thirty-foot  shafts.  The  ore  carries  streaks  of  gray  copper 
assaying  $60  gold,  besides  silver,  and  development  is  showing  a  fine  body  of 
ore.  A  tlvo-foot  ledge  containing  similar  ore  shows  in  a  thirty-two  foot 
tunnel  and  u  thirty-foot  sliaft,  a  small  shipment  having  returned  $300  gold, 
i  ounces  silver. 

The  Golden  Rod,  which  has  lu-en  sold  to  the  Pyrlte  Smelting  Company, 
shows  a  large  body  of  pyritos  and  gray  copper  ore  in  an  eighty-foot  shaft 
and  a  seventy-foot  drift. 

The  Cornucovna  has  a  strong  iron-capped  ledge  plainly  traceable  for  70* 
feet,  on  which  a  forty- foot  shaft  shows  a  strong  body  of  mineral. 

An  evidence  of  his  faith  In  this  camp  la  the  fact  that  Prof.  Fowler  haB 
bought  the  Norfolk  and  No.  9.  adjoining  the  No.  7,  for  spot  cash. 

On  the  divide  between  FLsherman  and  Eholt  Creeks,  three  miles  north  of 
Greenwood,  W.  A.  Corbett  U\  1801  discovered  two  parallel  ledges  of  pyrites 
twelve  and  fifty  feet  wide,  en  which  he  located  the  Oro  Dinoro  and  thus 
founded  Summit  Camp,  lie  sank  a  shaft  Itftcon  feet  and  made  a  cross-cut 
sixty  feet.  Hhowing  lar^e  bodies  of  copper  sulphurets  which  average  $10  gold 
and  12  per  cent,  copjier.  John  M.  Burke  has  bought  this  claim  for  $30,000  and 
is  sinlcing  on  the  led>.'e,  showing  richer  ore  with  depth. 

On  these  ledges  also  the  Pyrite  Smelling  Company  owns  the  Kmma.  on 
which  H  >l)aft  Is  own  over  HiO  feet,  with  cross-cuts  of  thirty  feet  each  at  the 
fifty  and  one  hundred- foot   levels. 

Adjoining  the  Oro  Dinoro,  John  H.  Manly  and  C.  A.  Cummings,  of  Grand 
Forks,  and  10.  W.  .lohnslon,  of  Seattle,  have  the  Mary  L..  on  which  they 
have  stripped  a  forty-foot  ledge  assaying  $12  gold  on  the  surface.  On  the 
Mountain  Pose  tlM»  Pyrite  Smelting  (Company  has  a  parallel  lodge,  of  which 
the  walls  did  not  appear  in  a  thirty-fool  cross-cut. 

The  R.  Boll  group  of  three  claims,  bought  by  J.  K.  Bamberger,  of  Salt 
Lake,  has  an  eighty-foot  shaft  showing  six  feet  between  wells,  with  $80  ore 
and  inoreepipg  value.  ''-1?^.  Adams,  of  Montreal,  has  stunk  thirty  feet  on  a 
forty-foot  ledge  on  the  Cordick,  siiowing  up  ore  worth  $46  gold,  besldep  silver 


i  *•    *    •',. 


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Index  to  Numbered  Claims, 


\ 


Skylark  Camp. 

1.  Dundee. 
2.  Dandy. 

3.  Mammoth. 

4.  Nightingale. 

5.  Alhambra. 

6.  Tipton. 

7.  Helen. 

«.  Capital  Prize. 

9.  Big  Deluth. 

10.  TrTlby. 

11.  Maple  Leaf. 

12.  Coming  Man. 

13.  OlympTa. 

14.  Livingstone. 

15.  High  Kicker. 

16.  Jim  Crow. 

17.  Vancouver. 

18.  Lead  King. 

19.  Iron  Gold. 

20.  Clover. 

21.  Vera, 

22.  Herbert  Spencer. 

23.  Mt.  Elgin. 

24.  Independent. 

25.  Ruby. 

26.  American  Boy. 

27.  Sue. 

Central  Cantp. 

1.  Copper  Star. 

2.  Snow  Drop. 

3.  Deer  Trail. 
|.  Gold  Dollar. 
5.  Stanly. 

«.  Minto. 

7.  Boston. 

8.  Stanton. 

9.  Mabel. 

10.  Souvenir. 

11.  New  York. 

12.  No.  7. 

13.  Rob  Roy. 

14.  Cornucopia. 

15.  Oro. 

16.  Falcon. 

17.  Gold  Rod. 

18.  Puyallup. 

19.  St.  Lawrence. 

21.  Excelsior. 

22.  Jack  of  Spades. 

23.  Queen  of  Spades. 

25.  City  of  London. 

26.  City  of  Paris. 

27.  Lemingto^. 

28.  Martin. 

29.  No.  4. 

30.  Lincoln. 

31.  Cuba. 

32.  St.  Maurice. 

33.  Orphan. 

Providence    Caiap.. 

1.  Big  Window. 

2.  Combination. 

3.  Texas. 

4.  May  Scott. 

5.  Master  Mason. 

6.  Twin  Brothers. 

7.  Elk  Horn. 

8.  Providence. 

9.  S.  P. 

10.  L.  B. 

11.  Uncle  Sam. 

12.  San  Bernard. 

13.  Defiance. 

14.  La  Cruz. 
IB.  Swiss  Boy. 

16.  Lake. 

17.  Crescent. 
28.  Key  Stone. 


19.  Last  Chance. 

20.  Old  Mexico. 

21.  Mountain  View. 

22.  Silver  Cloud. 

23.  Premier. 

24.  Chancellor. 

25.  Hope  No.  2. 

26.  Silver  King. 

27.  Denver. 

28.  Morning  Star. 

29.  Iron  Duke. 

30.  Skylark. 

31.  Santa  Anna. 

32.  Meadow  Lark. 
S3.  Ottawa. 

34.  T.  &  B. 

35.  Climax. 

36.  Prince  Albert. 

37.  Contract. 

38.  St.  Genevieve. 

39.  Holyoke. 

40.  Monteiiuma. 

41.  Brooklyn. 
Ala.  Standard. 

42.  Stem-winder. 

43.  Idaho. 

44.  Phoenix. 

45.  Old  Ironsides. 

46.  Victoria. 

47.  Fourth  Cft  July. 

48.  Nugget, 

49.  Knob  HlU. 
60.  Aetna. 

51.  Gold  Drop. 

52.  Snow  Shoe. 

63.  Pheasant. 

64.  Gray  Sjagle. 
55.  "War  ESaKle. 
66.  Monarch. 

B7.  Rawhide. 

58.  Curlew. 

59.  Tamarack. 

Deadvrood   Camp. 

4.  Sunset  No.  2. 

5.  Monster. 

6.  Washington. 

7.  White  Star. 

8.  Christmas. 

9.  Klldee. 

10.  Kootenay. 

11.  Anaconda. 

12.  Sentinel. 

13.  Lancaster. 

14.  Columbia. 

15.  Anaconda  No.  2. 

16.  G.  A.  R. 

17.  EafflP. 

17a.  Marguerite. 

18.  Last  Chance. 

19.  Plutonlon. 

20.  Great  Hopp.^. 

21.  ButtP  City. 

22.  Greyhoimd. 

23.  C.  E    R. 

24.  D.  A. 

25.  Gold  Bus:. 

?fi.  Lfttle  Britan. 
-7.  Decembpr. 
28.  Big  Ledge. 
28a.  O.  B. 
1?0.  Fred  T> 

30.  C.  O.  D 

31.  Mother  Lode. 

32.  Crown  Silver, 

33.  Sunset. 

34.  Hidden  Treasure. 

35.  Principal. 

36.  B.  C.  Central. 

37.  Primrose. 

38.  Morrison. 


39.  Gold  Bug. 

40.  Gem. 

41.  Spotted  Horse. 

Summit  Camp. 

1.  Body. 

2.  Chlckaman. 

3.  Horaestake  No.  2. 

4.  21. 

5.  Advance. 

6.  Minnie  Moor. 

7.  Brayfogle. 

8.  Red  Girl. 

9.  Copper  Queen. 

10.  Jumbo.  - 

11.  Mountain  Rose. 

12.  Idaho  Trinket. 

13.  Swamp  Angei. 

14.  Homestake. 
16.  Emma. 

16.  Aspen. 

17.  Silver  Plume. 

18.  Oro  Denoro. 

19.  Mattie  Davis. 

20.  Lancashirei  Lass. 

21.  Last. 

22.  Iron  Dollar. 

23.  Prens. 

24.  Goldfinch. 

25.  Topeka. 

26.  Gibraltar. 

27.  Park. 

28.  85.  •       . 

29.  Mammoth. 

30.  Blue  Eell. 

31.  LansinjT. 

32.  Klma. 

33.  Shaw. 

34.  34. 

35.  Maple  Leaf. 

36.  Remington. 

37.  Duplicate. 

38.  Cordick. 

39.  Erwall. 

40.  Jennie  Dean. 

41.  Redcoat. 

42.  R.  Bell. 

43.  Red  Mountain. 

44.  Piastre. 

45.  Stanly. 

46.  Boulder. 

47.  Mountain  View. 

48.  Ingersol. 

49.  Cumberland. 
."jO.  Alexandria. 
51.  Elsie. 

BTana    Camp. 

1.  Black  Tartar. 

2.  Ontario  B05. 

3.  Gibraltar. 

4.  Horse  Fly. 

5.  Path-Finder. 

6.  Era. 

7.  Standard. 

S.  Wellington. 
9.  Lost  Horse. 

10.  Q. 

11.  Tiger. 

12.  Standard  Extension. 
1.?.  Pumpkin  Seed. 

14.  Nellie. 

Greenweoil   Camp. 

1.  Uncle  Tom. 

2.  The  Dumphy. 

8.  Mineral  Hill. 

4.  Jumbo.  • 

R.  Golden  Star, 
fi.  Jim  M. 
7.  Big  e. 


!>.  Remlnerator. 

a.  Hard  Cash. 

10.  Golden  Crowi 

11.  Beaver. 

12.  Wellington. 

13.  Hill-Top. 

14.  Hecla. 

la.  Winnipeg. 
15a.  Calumet. 

16.  Davenpoit. 

17.  Iron  Clad. 

18.  Dlorlte. 

19.  Monday. 

20.  Iron  Chief. 
LI.  Rabbit  Paw. 
^.  Algiers. 

23.  Iron  Sheet. 

i4.  McKlnney. 

25.  Broken  Hill. 

£6.  Famous. 

27.  Krlh. 

2S.  Valley. 

20.  Orphans  Home 

30.  Blue  Grouse. 

31.  Fool  Hen. 

Welliugrton    Cai 

1.  Vancouver. 

2.  Columbia. 

i<.  Little  Giant. 
4.  Silver  Wave. 
6.  Keno. 

b.  Montana. 
V.  Keystone. 

8.  Ophlr. 

9.  Oro. 

10.  The  Queen. 

U.  Jim. 

12.  Union. 

].*?.  Prince   Albert. 

14.  Lone  Star. 

15.  Emma. 

16.  Crown  Point. 

Nortli  Fork  Casi 

1.  Wolford. 

2.  Fawn. 

3.  Trapper, 

4.  Tiptop. 

5.  Iron  Mountain. 

6.  Sunset. 

7.  Stray  Colt. 

8.  Pilgrim. 

9.  Mt.  Monarch. 

10.  Belle  of  Ottaws 

11.  Winchester. 

12.  Spokane. 

13.  Beetle. 

14.  Lee  Metford. 
Ih.  Rouge-et-Noir. 
1«.  Btitte. 

17.  Tacoma, 

18.  Seattle. 

19.  Standard  No.  2. 

20.  Bismarck. 

21.  Golden  Butterfl 

22.  I.  X.  L. 
2et.  Montana. 
24,  Everett. 

15.  Drum.,  Lummon 
28.  Iron  Horse. 

27.  Wellington  Sq. 

28.  Snow  Bird. 

29.  Morning  Star. 

30.  Webfoot. 

31.  River  Blbow. 
31  a.  Glasgow. 

32.  Granite  MoUnta 

33.  Grub  Stake. 

34.  September. 
36.  Bijou. 


^ 


laims,  Map  of  Boundary  Cfeek. 


8.  Rerainerator. 
a.  Hard  Cash, 
lu.  tiolden  Crown. 

11.  Beaver. 

12.  Wellington. 

13.  HIIl-Top. 

14.  Hecla. 

15.  Winnipeg. 
15a.  Calumet. 

16.  Davenpoit. 

17.  Iron  Clad. 

18.  Diorlte. 

19.  Monday. 

20.  Iron  Chief. 
II.  Rabbit  Paw. 
i2.  Algiers. 

23.  Iron  Sheet. 
'tA.  McKlnney. 
2b.  Broken  Hill. 

26.  Famous. 

27.  Krih. 
2S.  Valley. 

2'J.  Orphans  Home. 

30.  Blue  Grouse. 

31.  Fool  Hen. 

Welliuarton   Camp. 

1.  Vancouver. 

2.  Columbia. 

\.  Little  Giant. 
4.  Sliver  Wave. 

6.  Keno. 
b.  Montana. 
V.  Keystone. 

8.  Ophlr. 

9.  Oro. 

10.  The  Queen. 

11.  Jim. 

12.  Union. 

13.  Prince   Albert. 

14.  Lone  Star. 

15.  Emma. 

16.  Crown  Point. 

Nortfa  Fork  Camp. 

1.  Wolford. 

2.  Fawn. 

3.  Trapper. 

4.  Tiptop, 

5.  Iron  Mountain. 

6.  Sunset. 

7.  Stray  Colt. 

8.  Pilgrim. 

9.  Mt.  Monarch. 

10.  Belle  of  Ottawa. 

11.  Wlnche.ster. 

12.  Spokane. 

13.  Beetle, 

14.  Lee  Metford, 
1.^.  Rouge-et-Noir. 
18.  Butte. 

17.  Tacomd, 

18.  Seattle. 

19.  Standard  No.  2. 

20.  Bismarck. 

21.  Golden  Butterfly. 

22.  I.  X.  li. 
2o.  Montana, 
24.  Everett. 

^.  Drum.,  Lummond. 

26.  Iron  Horse. 

27.  Wellington  Sq. 

28.  Snow  Bird. 
^.  Morning  Star. 

30.  Webfoot. 

31.  River  Blbow. 
31  a.  Glasgow, 

32.  Granite'  Mountain 

33.  Grub  Stake. 

34.  September. 
36.  Bijou. 


36.  Morning. 

37.  Rattler. 

38.  Log  Cabin. 

39.  Free  Coinage. 

40.  Galena.  , 

41.  Coin.  '^ 

Lonjc  Luke  Camp. 

1.  Mountain  View. 

2.  Cumberland, 

3.  Amand. 

4.  Alice, 

5.  Robin. 

6.  Lydia, 

7.  La  Belle. 

8.  Mammoth. 

9.  La  Belle. 

10.  Iron  Mask. 

11.  Magnet. 

12.  Queen  Bess. 

13.  Snow  Slide. 

14.  Trade  Dollar, 
16,  Pauper, 

16,  C.  O,  D, 

17,  Lion. 

18,  Monarch. 

19,  Beatrice. 

20,  Roderick  Dhu. 

21,  Uncle. 

22,  Lake  View, 
%^.  RLsIng  Sun. 

24.  Lady  of  the  Lake. 

25.  Agnes, 

26.  Electilc 

27.  Sabbath  Day, 

28.  Abnor, 

29.  Sansoa,  :    j 

30.  Mortimer.  ' 

31.  The  Smller. 

32.  Black   Diamond, 
•>3.  Mazie. 

34.  Gold  Dust, 

35.  Silent   Friend. 

36.  Portuna, 

37-  «ol<J^Condy, 
38.  Maud  S, 

2n   l^ospector's  D'm. 

40.  Idaho. 

41.  Black  Prince. 

42.  Last  Chance. 

43.  Boulder. 

44.  Fisher. 

45.  Lakeside   Fract'n. 

46.  ^.obert  Emmet. 
4<.  Idaho, 

48.  Ethiopia. 

49.  Golden  Eagle, 

50.  North  Star" 

51.  Anchor, 

52.  Gold  Drop. 

53.  Enterprise, 
54>  La-jira. 

55.  Jewel, 

56.  Denero  Grand,  ; 

57.  Cleopatra.  I 

58.  Nap.  Bonaparte.  ' 

59.  The  Boys.  I 
^.  Twin  Mountain.  \ 
61.  Great  Lacey. 

62*  Fisher,  I 

nrovvn'd.  Camp,      I 

1.  Yale.  \ 

2.  Amazon.  i 

3.  Bunch  Grass.  j 

4.  Blue  Monday,         ! 

5.  Original, 

6.  Mona, 

7.  Daisy. 

8.  Strawberry. 

9.  Buckeye. 


rale."!. 


10  a.  Little  Maggie, 

10.  The  Oriental: 

11.  Thursday, 

12.  LitUe  Gem. 
12  a,  Jenny  May. 

13.  Wolverine. 

14.  Bay  State. 

15.  The  Chief. 

16.  Hoosier. 

17.  Western  Star. 

18.  Sailor  Boy. 

19.  Robinson  Crusoe. 

20.  Echo. 

21.  Mary  L. 

22.  O,  K. 

a.  Humming  Bird. 

24.  Black  Bear. 

25.  Acorn. 

26.  Rismg  Sun. 

27.  Gem. 

27  a.  North  Star. 

28.  Netta. 

29.  Acme. 

30.  Hilda. 

31.  Bertha. 

32.  Highland   Chief. 

33.  Cock  Robin. 

34.  Black  Monday, 
55,  Trilby, 

36,  Dandy, 

37,  Marjorie, 

38,  Francis. 

33  a.  King  Bird. 

40.  Criterion. 

42.  Le  Rol. 

43.  Surnmit. 
^1  Volcanic. 
40.  Prince  of 

46.  Iron  Cap. 

47.  Jumbo, 

48.  Moss  Rose. 

49.  Red' Rose, 

CnrBon    Camp. 

1.  Alhambra. 

2.  St,  Charles, 

3.  The  Copper, 

4.  Canyon, 

5.  Copper  Girt, 

6.  Eagle. 

7.  May  Queen, 
A-  i;^*'  Over. 
9.  Slocan. 

}?•  Last  Chance. 

12.  Gladstone. 

13.  The  E,  E. 

14.  Yankee  Boy. 

}\'  l^?^*^ee  Q»rl. 
16.  Birdina. 

18,  Bunch  Grass. 

19,  Possum. 

a:  coSS.'"''^'^'' ^"'^"^• 

22.  Park. 

Grnna  Forks 
Camp. 

1.  L4vlta. 
2-  Boneta. 
f  Coolc. 

4.  Dolly. 

5.  Vermont. 

6.  Daisy. 

7.  Iron  Chief. 

8.  Sunny  Side. 

9.  Mammoth. 
10.  Mountain  View, 


11.  Yellow  Metal, 
g;  |^"^-«g*  Nellie. 

14.  !Sarat(»a. 
Jf-  fron  King. 

16.  Lily. 

17.  Double  Standard. 

18.  Bonanza  Lode. 

19.  Sovereign 

20.  Silver  Con. 

21.  Riverside. 

22.  Lincoln. 

23.  Stanford. 

24.  CelUc. 
^.  Grand  Forks. 
2f-  Grey  Eagle, 
27,  Whalebaok, 
^.  L  tue  Bell, 
^.  Blue  and  Gray. 

30,  Ja«k  Knife, 

31,  Montana. 

Copper   Camp. 

\'  St?.-  Jonathan. 

2.  MUbum. 

3.  The  Sydney. 

4.  Dinner  Bucket, 
n.  Paramatta. 
«,  Virginia. 

7,  Harqua  Halo. 

8,  Curita, 

9,  Lucy. 

10.  Calumet. 

11.  Jumbo. 

12.  Cppperopolis. 

13.  Honduras. 
\i'  i^catan. 

16.  Enterprise. 
tS*  ^PPe*"  King. 

17.  White  HorsI, 
10  S.°PPer  Mine, 
19.  ^n^^  Solomon. 

21.  Last  Chance 
**•  Sycamore. 
».  Honolulu, 
p.  Copper  Queen, 

25,  Can  iSarez, 

26,  Treasurer. 

27,  Winning  Card. 

Graham  Camp. 

3.  Potter  I»alraer. 

4.  Virginia. 
0-  Texas. 

6,  Boston. 

7,  Bovine. 

8,  Laldlaw. 
8.  Bruce. 

'"•  Magnetite. 

H.  Will-o-the-Wisp. 

Shnlth's  Camp. 

1.  Magnltlte. 

2,  GrizBly  Bear. 
•]•  ]va  Lenore, 

K  lJJ^?y°S  General; 
6.  Highland  Queen. 
6.  Great  Hesper. 
'•  Hecla. 

a  J^i  Chance. 
9.  GoM  Bed. 

10.  RepubUo. 

11,  Non-«uoh. 

ii'  M.***"*®^  Treasuri!. 

13.  Tunnel. 

14.  Mountain  Chief, 


.Ifev 


.  * 


f.- . 
a 


t 

'      I 


,  ^  f.*  i«^  *-i  — J  V-'.K^^-f  ."^ 


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-W 


*MWf 


V 


?S.5 


.-»>.■ 


■•:::^;>NS,ft-ii; 


Mm 


2 


and  coppex'.  ' 
has  parallel  lei 
twenty-flve  fe< 
ounces  silver. 

On  Ingrain 
ary,  Joseph  "V 
Camp.  The 
bornite  and  ch 
the  west  side  < 
eight  claims,  < 
and  has  done  i 
copper  and  Is 
mountain  Mr. 
orte  in  several  j 

Since  June, 
the  mouth  of 
Lake,  some  fli 
gold,  having  1 
Adirondack  sh< 
suts  showed  es 
showing  has  bi 
and  on  other  c 
Winter. 

Another  ne 
Kettle  River  t 
In  July,  1896.  J 
wide  and  tracs 
from  60  to  600 
making  similai 
British  Columt 


On  the  mou 
south  to  join  til 
ore  which  ecllp 
cannot  be  even 

This  distric 
Railroad  to  Ms 
Forks,  forty-fl^ 
nm^ty-on^  mii< 
Poel  River  to  c 
River  to  Grand 
by  the  Canadis 
tttlles,  steamer 
tty  drand  Fork 
River  almost  ti 
over  that  line. 

The  greates 
miles  above  Gi 
and  towering  a 
a  tfreat  red  Iro 
mfies  down  the 
eut  by  dikes  ol 
this  peak  R.  A 
and  Iron  Cap  c 
bat  five  years  1 
has  made  eevei 
long  cross-cut  ( 
penetrated  345  t 
■eodme  Interest 
Klels  Larsen. 
pings  and  last  f 
df  <Chi(t»go  capi 
develop  the  pre 
dvApfflngs  all  ai 
that  they  feel 
ciamtraction  of 
three  great  ore 
and  the  value  o 

On  the  othei 
Mr.  Brown  has 
a(M>we  up*600  tei 

The  suppose 
nMMe  i>t>  Kettte 

m 


mmmmmm 


mmr 


1 


MININO    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


m 


and  copper.  The  Swamp  Angel,  owned  by  Robert  Taylor  and  Carson  Maolv. 
has  parallel  ledges  forty  and  eight  feet,  on  the  latter  of  which  a  shaft  Isd^ 
i!r2I?*y"".y®  '®®''  showing  up  ore  carrying  |e.y&  gold,  5  to  6  per  cent.  coppepTi 
oanees  silver.  *^*^    ' 

On  Ingrani  Mountain,  three  miles  west  of  Midway  and  close  to  the  boun*- 
aiy.  Joseph  Wallace  in  1834  found  copper  deposits  and  created  Graham's 
Camp.  The  ledges  are  gash  veins  In  motamorphlc  rooks  and  carfr 
bprnite  and  chalcoclte  In  bunches,  besides  being  mineralized  throughout.  Cto 
the  west  side  of  the  mountain  E.  S.  Graham  has  the  Potter  Palmer  group  of 
eight  claims,  on  one  of  which  he  has  opened  a  small  vein  with  two  tunnelB 
and  has  done  some  prospecting  with  diamond  drills.  The  ore  is  very  high  In 
copper  and  is  worth  about  1175.  On  the  Bruce  claim  on  the  east  side  of  th« 
iQountain  Mr.  Wallace  has  a  large  deposit  of  copper  pyrites  showing  good 
ore  In  several  places,  which  averages  10  per  cent,  copper  and  a  little. gold. 

Since  June,  1896;  Klmberly  Camp  has  been  established  sixteen  miles  alMre 
the  mouth  of  Boundary  Creek,  on  the  ridge  between  that  stream  and  l^a 
IMM,  some  fine  showings  of  chalcopyrlte  and  pyrrhotlte,  carrying  |3  to  ^60 
gold,  having  been  made.  A  shaft  on  one  of  two  parallel  ledges  op  the 
Adirondack  showed  six  feet  of  clean  ore  and  no  footwall,  while  several  cross- 
3Uts  showed  each  ledge  from  ten  to  fourteen  feet  wide  of  solid  ore.  A  similar 
showing  has  been  made  on  the  Big  Pour  on  the  other  side  of  Boundary  Creek 
and  on  other  claims,  work  aavlng  generally  been  prosecuted  throughout  tlw 
Winter. 

Another  new  camp  Is  the  Crown  Point,  on  James  Creek,  seven  miles  up 
Kettle  River  from  Rock  Creek,  where  the  Crown  Point  was  discovered  late 
In  July,  1896.  An  ore  chute  of  galena  and  iron  pyrites  twenty  to  flfty^flve  feet 
wide  and  tracsd  for  200  feet  in  length  has  been  discovered,  the  value. ];ahging 
from  60  to  600  ounces  silver  and  $4  to  $7  gold.  This  claim,  with  two  otSers 
making  similar  showings,  has  been  bonded  to  the  Prospecting  Syndicate  of 
British  Columbia,  which  is  about  to  develop  them. 


NOKTH  KETTLE   BIVER. 


On  the  mountains  at  each  side  of  the  North  Kettle  River,  which  flows  due 
south  to  join  the  main  stream  at  Grand  Porks,  are  a  series  of  ledges  of  pyritic 
ore  which  eclipse  even  those  of  Greenwood  and  Deadwool  Camps,  and  which 
cannot  be  even  prospected  without  the  resources  of  a  capitalist. 

ThiH  district  Is  reached  from  Spokane  by  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern 
Railroad  to  Marcus,  102  miles,  or  Bossburg,  110  miles,  and  by  stage  to  Qrasd 
Forks,  forty-five  miles;  or  by  the  Central  Washington  Railroad  to  WlllNUr, 
ntli^ty-one  miles,  and  by  a  wagon  road  now  under  construction  up  the  Sftnfe 
Poel  River  to  connect  with  that  already  built  down  Curlew  Creek  and  KetlSe 
River  to  Grand  Porks,  about  eighty-six  miles.  From  the  west,  it  is  reacheA 
by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railroad  from  Vancouver  to  Okanogan  Xianding,  3tt 
tttiles,  steamer  down  Okanogan  Lake  to  Pentlcton,  eighty  miles,  and  etaae 
iuy  Grand  Forks,  110  miles.  Trails  lead  up  both  banks  of  the  North  Kettle 
River  almost  to  the  headwaters  and  the  wagon  road  is  now  being  extended 
over  that  line. 

The  greatest  showing  In  this  district  is  on  Volcanic  Mountain,  twelve 
miles  above  Grand  Forks,  a  peak  jutting  out  Into  the  valley  from  the  east 
and  towering  abruptly  1,500  feet  above  the  river.  The  summit  of  this  peak  to 
a  gVeat  red  Iron  cap,  which  makes  it  a  clearly  distinguishable  landmark  Mr 
mfles  down  the  valley.  Around  the  sides,  below  this  cap,  the  pyrites  crops, 
eut  by  dikes  of  blue  lime  and  bounded  by  walls  of  trap  and  porphyry.  On 
this  peak  R.  A.  Brown,  locally  known  as  "Crazy"  Brown,  has  the  Volcanlto 
and  Iron  Cap  claims.  The  discovery  was  made  in  1884  by  ^ames  McConnell, 
but  five  years  later  the  claims  came  into  the  possession  of  Mr.  Brown.  He 
has  made  several  deals  at  different  times  and  has  continuously  worked  on  a 
kmg  cross-cut  tunnel  to  tap  the  ore  bodies  at  a  depth  of  1,300  feet.  This  hfcd 
penetrated  345  feet  when  he  and  R.  L.  Causton,  of  Keremeos,  B.  C,  who  hao 
Become  interested  with  him,  leased  the  property  in  1896  to  Edward  Blewett  and 
Kleis  Larsen.  They  have  done  a  large  amount  of  prospecting  on  the  crop- 
plngs  and  last  summer  joined  with  Messrs.  Brown  and  Causton  and  a  number 
d(«Chidago  capitalists  in  organizing  the  Olive  Mining  &  Smelting  Company  t« 
develop  the  property.  They  have  made  a  number  of  prospect  holes  on  tee 
&t4pfflngn  all  around  the  mountain  and  showh  up  the  ore  in  such  quantltlM 
trhat  they  feel  justified  In  erecting  a  smelter  on  the  grpund .  whenever  tne 
(*«Btructlon  of  a  railroad  makes  it  practicable.  ,  Mr,  Larsen  savB  there  are 
three  great  ore  chutes  runnlg  through  the  mountain,  one  of  them  600  feet  wiae, 
and  the  value  of  the  ore  Is  about  $13  in  gold,  silver  and  copper. 

On  the  other  side  of  the  canyon,  two  and  one-half  miles  to  the  southwest, 
Mr.  Brown  has  the  Wolverine,  on  which  he  says  one  of  the  Volcanic  ledges 
8lM>WB  up*600  feet  wide  In  places.  .  ^  ,      »«-^ 

The  supposed  extension  of  the  Volcanic  ledge  has  been  located  for  IWr^ 
doe  up  Kettle  River.      The  Thirty-one,  owned  by  Robert  Burrows,  is  o»  » 


n»tt<w  up 


m 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWBJaX. 


MBftll  spur  running  from  Volcanic  Mountain,  and  has  a  ledge  fifteen  tu  twenty 
flMt  wtde.  wlileli  han  beoii  utrlpped.  Thon  come  the  Dandy  Marlorle.  Blaok 
Monday,  Cock  Itobln,  Highland  Chief,  owned  by  John  Fox,  Bhowlng  Blllcates 
of  copper;  the  Bertha,  owned  by  O.  C.  Qunderson,  Fred  Farquhar  MMl 
WlUfam  Ketchum. 

Tt>  the  southwest  of  the  Iron  Cap  about  three  miles  Is  the  Seattle,  owned 
Inr  itobert  Clark,  a  former  Seattle  bricklayer,  who  has  bonded  it  to  a  corpora- 
tton  organized  by  Charlen  A.  Cummlngs  and  John  H.  Manly,  of  Orand  Forks. 
It  baa  a  surface  showing  200  to  300  feet  wido,  which  has  been  traced  for  1,200 
ftet.  Assays  have  given  all  the  way  from  ll.SO  copper  and  a  trace  of  gold  up 
to  $20  gold  and  5U  i>er  cent,  copper,  from  two  feet  below  the  surface.  The 
■ew  company  is  nlnking  a  shaft  on  each  wall  to  define  the  ledge  and  the 
er»  Is  showing  up  well. 

Tt;^  north  ektension  of  the  Seattle  la  the  Accidental,  owned  by  SJ.  W. 
JMknsiOO,  of  9ee*^tle,  Qeorge  P.  Mims,  of  Grand  Forks,  and  Mrs.  Robert  Clark, 
mwtA  beHeve  \  to  be  an  extension  of  the  Seattle  ledge.  A  cross-cut  is  being  run 
tn  tap  the  ledge.  The  same  parties  also  own  the  Monte  Carlo  at  the  head  of 
Hardy  Creek,  on  which  .several  prospect  holes  have  shown  twelve  feet  of  ore 
cMu;t>iiLg  iron  sulphides  throughout  and  assaying  as  high  as  $12  gold  and 
copper. 

"The  Seattle  ledge  has  been  traced  through  a  long  string  of  claims,  in  each 
dtmeticn,  cxopptng  strongly  at  frequent  intervals. 

Brown's  Camp  had  also  been  extended  west  along  Pass  Creek,  on  the 
■erth  of  which  .<itreain  Con  Cosgrove  and  Pnc  Burns  have  the  Mono  group  of 
ttairee  elatms;  On  the  Mono  are  live  leads  of  iron  pyrites— forty,  fifteen,  eight, 
atjc  and  three  feet  wide,  respectively,  some  of  which  have  been  traced  across 
thfi  clatni  and  o?i  to  the  adjoining  Strawberry  claim.  A  tunnel  has  been  run 
aCteuM  fe«t  on  the  fifteen-foot  ledge,  and  the  highest  as.aays  obtained  are  $10 
to $18  gold,  7  ounces  silver  and  6  per  cent,  copper.  On  another  claim  are  two 
Veclgea  twenty  and  fourteen  feet  wide,  which  assay  about  the  same  as  the 
Biono.  Two  and  one-halt  miles  northwest  of  the  Volcanic,  on  Pass  Creek,  is 
tbe  iron  Cap  No.  1,  owned  by  \V.  A.  Glover,  on  five  parallel  ledges,  which 
ttEtend  over  a  width  of  500  feet  and  have  been  traced  the  full  length  of  the 
claim.  The  surface  ore  is  iron  and  copper  pyrites.  Mr,  Glover  has  also  the 
Buncfagrasa,  one  mile  further  south,  on  which  a  ledge  has  been  traced  250 
feet  wide  and  for  a  length  of  300  feet.  On  the  south  side  of  Pass  Creek  James 
B.  Walker  has  the  King  Bee,  on  which  there  Is  a  blowout  ten  or  twelve  feet 
wide,  and  the  Garnet,  on  which  there  is  one  of  twenty  to  thirty  feet. 

The  Strawberry  is  owned  by  Jake  Ritter,  Thomas  Stevenson  and  Mr.  Cody, 
all  of  Roseland,  and  has  a  twenty-foot  ledpe  of  Dyrltes  assovlner  *4  *o  $7  told 
and  3  per  cent,  copper  on  the  surface.     A  shaft  is  being  sunk  on  each  walL 

The  great  s*howtngs  at  Brown's  Camp  led,  in  July,  1895,  to  discoveries  three 
Biles  further  up  the  north  fork,  where  Rvans'  Camp  was  established,  named 
after  Hvan  Bvans.  the  pioneer,  who  located  the  Stfini^nrd.  Tbt»  mlnernl  I*"  at 
tb»  same  chai'acter,  the  ledges  being  supposed  extensions  of  those  branching 
•at  from  Volcanic  Mountain.  The  Standard  has  a  ledge  of  Iron  pyrites 
seventy-live  feet  wide,  which  has  been  traced  for  500  feet,  and  the  ore  assays 
as  tetgh  as  %IS  from  the  surface.  On  the  Pathfinder  Thomas  Parkinson  and 
Wmtam  Pfetfer  have  stripped  the  ledge  for  5W)  feet  In  length,  and  1"  one  soot 
tar  twenty-ftve  feet  In  width,  and  It  appears  to  be  100  feet  wide.  They  baye 
Bade  a  number  of  cuts,  and  sunk  shafts  from  ten  to  twenty  feet.  They  have 
assays  of  $51  gold  and  2V^  per  cent,  copper,  and  have  had  as  high  as  23  per 
etmt.  cof)per.  On  the  Nellie,  owned  by  George  T.  Crane  and  F.  C.  Loring.  of 
Sp^cane,  there  is  an  iron  cap  of  great  size,  and  the  nurface  ore>  assays  $12 
nld  »ind  as  hlsrh  as  three  ounces  silver.  On  the  Ontario  Boy  adinlnine  the 
Pathfinder  on  the  north,  M.  F.  Folger  has  a  twenty-foot  ledge  of  quartz  traced 
dear  across  the  claim,  which  assays  |11  to  $17  gold  from  a  ten  foot  cut.  The 
Hidtten  TrDaswire,  by  Messrs.  Parkinson  and  Pfeifer,  adjoins  the  Standard  on 
the  soath,  and  has  a  big  ledge  which  has  not  yet  been  defined,  though  three 
bole!^  have  been  sunk  eight  to  ten  feet  on  It. 

The  saroe  belt  has  been  traced  southward  to  Grand  Forks,  where  it  shows 
•n  Obsenration  Mountain  and  other  peaks  overlooking  the  town.  A  mile  and 
a  half  nertheast  of  the  town  D.  P.  Mitchell.  Con  Cosgrove  and  G.  Miller  have 
the  Irofi  Kmg  and  the  I.lly  on  a  forty-foot  ledge  of  copper  pyrites.  They 
hare  roaiie  several  cross- cuto  and  obtained  assays  of  $9  to  $15  gold  and  2  to  3 
aainces  ^Iver.  On  another  mountain  to  the  east  of  the  town  "Cap"  Rogers 
has  the  Lilncoln  on  an  eighteen-foot  ledge  carrylnn:  arsenical  iron  nnd  ''opoer, 
assaylug  $13  to  $45  gold  and  12  per  cent,  copper,  and  on  the  same  ledge  Stephen 
flaateru  has  the  Sanford.  On  another  ledge  onlv  one-fourt*i  of  a  mile  from 
town  Charted  Stewart  has  the  Blue  and  Gray,  with  six  feet  of  ore  assaylnjr  tfi.7 
paid  and  a  trace  of  copi>er,  and  Stephen  Sanford  has  the  Old  Steve,  on  which 
he  baa  not  found  the  walls  and  which  assays  $12  gold  and  silver.  The  Last : 
Chaace.  an  extension  of  the  Blue  and  Gray  and  Old  Steve,  owned  by  W.  W. 
Whitbeck,  bas  been  cross-cut  seven  feet  without  showing  walla  and  assays 

fS  In  gold,  silver  and  copper.  The  Eagle,  owned  by  James  McConnell  and 
raalc  Btshter,  has  a  ledge  forty  to  fifty  feet  wide  carrying  galena,  on  which 
fowr  .shafts  assay  8fi  ounces  sliver  and  72  per  cent.  lead.  The  Bonlta,  on 
(MbeervaMon  Mountain,  which  is  owned  by  a  company  of  sr^hool  teachers,  has 
shewn  up  solid  peacock  copper  and  iron  pyrites  assaying  $30  gold,  11  per  cent. 


MININO    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 

S?e^»Vn"  o%*?i?e"'LT,KiSi'''lf  T  ZKn^'^'i^'''^  Empire,  wh.ch  I. 
Which  la  down  fifty  feet.  ^'*'  *"**  °'***"  "«  "Inkln*  a  »t 


th« 
■haft. 


'f^f#f#i«'f«^<f#4»> 


CAMP   M'KINNEY. 


th«^Bo*i\?d"y®cfree'k'duJHn/"^i,°»»,V'®  geological  formation  charact«rtetlc  of 

others  canSed'wi.h''^;:^'"^  ^^^  «°'?  anrsBurets  in  cl^^'^p^SSSl^" 
oiners  capped  with  iron  and  carrying  pyritic  ores  Ciunn  MAirinri7'«  tC* 
headquarters.  la  on  the  headwaters  of  that  creek  Ind  is  X  ben?«^  of  o^J^ 
?n"KfttirRive?''  ^^Irt'^^^^'^P' ^''^-"<i^''  «long  Irs'bL^ni^'ui  ^^S 
Roiirni^  q?^%^n  „  7*'®c.'^°"^®  ''"I™  Vancouver  is  by  the  Canadian  Paclllc 
Railroad,  336  miles  to  Sicamous  Junction,  and  fifty-one  mU^toOk^o^ 

C^mD"l§oKTnl^„^Tf!^  Z  Okanogan  Lake  to  Penticton  and^y^ft^Se  thtS^ 
NortL^n  R«S,i'M^^  '^"vf^-  ,^."°'i^«''  """"^^  "•o'n  Seattfe  is  by  the  Gr«U 
♦ft  T«^«=3^''i°*'l,}°  Wenatchee.  174  miles,  by  steamer  Ellensburg  in  lumxner 
itaS.  efghty-four  I"!ios"  '"'  O^^^^'^Kan  River,  about  120  mlle^  the.^^l^ 

♦..o.??iJJ*!Jf„?P  ^%^  ''"■*■•*  '•*',^^"  '"  1861'  when  the  placers  at  th«  mouth  at- 
r*Tii1.^."^nH^Tr^'^  IK'ui.U'  and  was  revived  in  1886.  when  H.  Whtte.  "  CoopS^ 
«;,♦  il^mS"'^  J-i^'f*''''  '""'*  "'"'"^  *2.000  from  White's  bar  and  next  year  t^ll 
out  125.000,  employliiK  iwiive  men  who  averaged  |20  a  day  each.  In  ttka 
meantime.  POoerieke,  of  Conconnully.  haU  made  the  iirst  discoveiy  of 
SU'nni.^®"  *^®  Victoria,  four  miles  east  of  Camp  McKinney.  on  a  Ied«e  ot  fr«e 
milling  ore  in  a  talcose  schist  formation.     Associating  the  late  Judxe  HaMMai 

°i  9f",^n°/'  P'  S,-  ^^^  O-  ?•.  ^'^^^-  °^  P«'l  Townsend.  with  hUnriie  .-a.Ti 
shaft  110  feet  and  made  a  shipment  of  1.000  pounds,  which  returned  HOT  eoM 
and  silver,  and  another  of  1.200  pounds,  which  gave  |187.  while  a  third,  contais- 
Ing  tellurldes.  yielded  $480  gold  and  50  ounces  silver.  This  propexty,  wtalck 
Is  crown  granted,  has  recently  been  sold,  with  two  other  claime,  to  th«  lUck 
Creek  Gold  Mines,  Limited,  which  has  resumed  development.  A  cross-cut, 
which  win  be  used  for  a  main  working  tunnel,  taps  the  eight-foot  I«dg*»  H\ 
267  feet  at  a  depth  of  150  feet  and  an  upraise  is  being  made  from  It  to  oor  i 
with  a  seventy-foot  Inclined  shaft,  while  another  cross-cut  150  feet  long  tajw 
the  ledge  750  fset  distant.  The  shaft  shows  eighteen  Inchets  of  emelting  ore 
carrying  |S5  gold  and  the  remainder  of  the  ledge  is  milling  and  oonoentrating 
ore.  which  will  reduce  in  the  proportion  of  eight  to  one  Into  ooneentxatce 
worth  $83. 

Adjoining  this  on  the  north.  Henry  Nicholson  and  Edward  James  have  tfc« 
Old  England  on  a  twenty-two  foot  ledge  between  walls  of  porplyrltlc  etaXa, 
on  which  they  have  sunk  eighty  feet.  Southeast  of  the  Victoria,  Thomas 
Elliot  and  Edward  James  have  two  ledges  on  the  Snowdon.  on©  f«ur  feet 
wide  carrying  $22  gold,  which  has  been  cross-cut  at  a  depth  of  120  f«et. 

The  discovery  which  brought  the  camp  into  permanent  life  was  that  oV 
the  Cariboo  and  Amelia  in  May,  1887,  by  Al  McKinney,  Fred  Hice,  WHUam 
Burnham  and  Edmund  Lefevre.  This  has  a  ledge  two  feet  wide  tn  a  dike  of 
porphyrltic  slate,  the  ore  carrying  free  gold  and  sulphurets.  It  is  owned  Igy 
the  Cariboo  M'nlng  &  Smelting  Company,  which  has  erected  a  ten-stamp  mSU 
with  four  Woodbury  concentrators  and  a  steam  hoist  and  has  develeped  tl»c 
mine  to  considerable  depth.  Beginning  with  a  tunnel  at  a  depth  of  MO  feet, 
above  which  the  ore  was  sloped,  the  company  now  has  a  shaft  down  8W  feet 
with  dr-.s  every  fifty  feet,  the  one  at  the  200- foot  level  extending  300  feet  each 
way  and  showing  the  ledge  to  have  widened  to  eight  feet.  The  ere  cariiee 
$15  to  $25  a  ton  free  gold  and  produces  concentrates  worth  $90  a  tOT^.  TSw 
monthly  product  Is  about  $10,000  In  bullion  and  $1,800  concentrates  aad  the 
mine  has  paid  $40,000  in  dividends. 

West  of  the  Cariboo  are  the  Alice  and  Emma,  owned  by  the  Alice  ^nd 
Emma  Consolidated  Mining  Company.  The  ledge  is  shown  seven  feet  wide  tn 
a  sixty-three  foot  shaft  and  averages  $10  to  $12  gold.  On  the  Maple  l>eat, 
James  Lynch  has  a  forty-flve  foot  shaft  showing  four  or  five  feet  of  similar 
ore.  Adjoining  this  is  the  Eureka,  owned  by  a  New  Tor.  syndicate,  on 
which  a  shaft  Is  down  153  feet,  with  a  seventy-five  foot  drift  at  the  M0^<><»t 
level,  from  which  800  tons  of  ore  are  on  the  dump.  The  Pontenoy.  owned  tgr 
D.  A.  Cameron,  has  a  shaft  down  eighty-three  feet,  showing  a  six-loot  ledge 
which  carries  galena  ore  assaying  $24  gold  and  sliver.  The  Anarchist,  two 
miles  west  of  the  Cariboo,  has  been  bonded  by  Richard  Sidley  to  Chartee  H. 
Ballard,  of  Conconully.  and  shows  a  ledge  widening  from  three  to  six  feet 
in  a  Blxty-foot  shaft,  assays  running  $9  gold,  5  ounces  silver.  On  the  Saitor 
Boy,  thr«ie  miles  to  the  southeast.  Charles  DIetz  has  a  ledge  five  or  six  feet 
wide  In  a  sixty-foot  shaft,  shown  up  also  by  a  number  of  open  cuts.  It 
carries  some  free  gold,  besides  sulphurets  containing  gold,  silver  and  enpper 
and  assays  as  high  as  $60.  The  Highland  Chief,  owned  by  MessHi.  Edward^ 
Bennett.  Sutter  and  Smith,  shows  a  four-foot  ledge  carrying*  Sflphurets  on 


irtoce  and  a  cro/««-q«t  1h  Jn  nJjpety  feet  toward*  the  lfi<UW-  On  iJhf  J^ftn- 
JttToup  of  two  clalma  Capt.  Jdiin  Irvtn»,  of  VlctoH*.  MTik  a  •)utft*ln  th« 
IH®  and  obtained  a  crown  Rrant,  after  which  ho  etopped  ODeraUon*. 
/iillam  Younkln,  JameH  Copelnnd  and  Oporgc  Cook  have  a  forty-foot  ahaft 
on  a  stringer  hIx  to  tw«nty-fuur  Inches  wide  carrying  galena  and  aasayinff 
$7  gold  In  Hulphurets,  and  are  running  a  crosH-cut  to  tap  the  main  ledge. 

The  flrat  discovery  of  pyrlllc  ore  under  Iron  capping  was  made  on  th* 
Dolphin,  west  of  the  Kureka.  owned  by  William  Edwards  and  C.  A.  R. 
Lambly.  The  ledge  is  four  or  five  feet  wide  on  the  surface,  where  It  carrlM 
■ome  free  gold  and  assays  130  to  $40,  and  will  be  tapped  by  a  cro88*out,  whiok 
Ip  In  sixty  feet.  In  May,  I8!M!,  William  Younkln  and  James  Copeland  dlscOT- 
■red  a  Wg  blow-out  of  the  same  kind,  150  feet  each  way,  on  the  ridge  b«twe«B 
the  forks  of  Rock  Creek,  on  which  they  have  the  Le  Rol  and  War  Balrle. 
Thehr  first  shot  brought  out  ore  assaying  $26  gold,  sliver  and  copper,  th«  pro- 
portion of  copper  being  9V4  per  cent. 

^he  placer  ground  la  still  being  worked  at  Intervals  the  whole  lenfftAi  of 
the  creek,  where  gold  In  found  In  the  bars,  but  the  bed  Is  virgin  !»oll  to  th« 
inlner.  Many  attempts  have  been  made  to  reach  bed  rock,  but  the  n»lnera 
wer0  poor  men  with  only  such  primitive  appliances  as  wooden  pumps  an4 
wheels,  and  water  and  quick  sand  have  always  foiled  them,  though  with 
modern  appliances  they  wotild  have  reached  bottom  long  ago. 

Extending  one  and  one-half  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  creek  Is  a  tract 
of  placer  gi'ound  on  which  the  Laura  Hydraulic  Company  erenteil  a  hydraulic 
plan,t,  two  miles  of  flume  and  piping,  and  a  sawmill.  Some  good  clean-nps 
were  made,  but  the  cost  of  removing  large  boulders  without  proper  facilities 
eHminated  the  profit.  The  property  Is  now  held  by  Messrs.  Monaghan,  King 
and  McAulay,  who  have  put  In  a  larger  plant  and  are  working  on  an  extensive 
BcaJe. 

"  Seven  miles  above  the  mouth  James  Copeland  and  William  Tounktn. 
who  have  a'clalm  2,000  feet  wide  and  1,000  feet  alon^  the  stream,  are  running  a 
bed-rock  drain  tunnel  under  the  bed  of  the  south  fork  to  tap  the  bedrock. 
The  great  trouble  hitherto  has  been  with  quicksand  and  water,  and  they  are 
MMklng  to  overcome  this  by  tunneling  at  water  grade.  Their  observation  la 
that  the  su<*face  dirt  on  the  benches  Is  secondary  wash  and  carries  fine  Quartc 
gold,  the  beat  pay  be4ng  heavy  coarse  gold  In  the  old  wash,  patches  of  which 
Were  left  behind  In  crevices  when  the  secondary  wash  came  down,  most  of  It 
being  swept  into  the  bed  of  the  stream.  They  have  made  100  feet  of  open  drain 
and  200  feet  of  tunnel  and  are  now  thirty  feet  below  the  bed,  having  passed 
through  eleven  feet  of  quicksand  and  having  three  feet  more  to  penetrate. 

On  the  north  fork,  about  eight  miles  from  the  mouth.  Is  Dletz's  bar,  from 
the  surface  of  which  from  $75,000  to  $100,000  has  been  taken.  Donohue  &  Co. 
are  sluicing  down  to  bedrock  at  this  point  and  two  or  three  other  parties  are 
working  the  benches  and  some  Chinamen  are  using  the  cradle  and  rocket*  on 
abandoned  claims. 

The  construction  of  D.  C.  Corbln's  projected  railroad  up  Kettle  River  and 
orer  the  range  to  the  Okanogan  River  would  give  this  district  such  improved 
transportation  facilities  as  to  greatly  stimulate  development.  Hitherto  the 
only  producing  property  has  been  the  Cariboo,  but  this  hAs  served  to  show 
the  possibilities  which  await  development. 


FAIBVIEW    AND    KEBEMEOS. 


One  of  the  first  camps  to  feel  the  effect  of  the  revival  of  the  mining  Indus- 
try has  been  Pfilrvlew,  in  the  mountains  west  the  Okanagon  River,  eighteen 
miles  north  of  tne  boundary.  It  Is  a  free  gold  and  sulphuret  district  of  gre«t 
promise  and  Its  development  has  only  languished  on  account  of  the  blunders 
of.  the  early  Investors  and  the  general  depression  prevalent  for  several  years 
ps^t.  The  prospeciors  who  made  the  discoveries  have  never  lost  faith  in  It 
ai^d  have  continued  development  on  their  own  resources,  making  test  ship- 
ments and  mill-runs  which  have  given  ample  proof  that  their  confidence  Is 
nqt  misplaced. 

The  most  expeditious  route  to  Fairvlew  Is  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  from 
Vapcouver  to  Slcamous  Junction,  331  miles  and  by  the  Sicamous  branch  to 
Okanogan  Landing,  fifty-one  miles.  A  steamer  there  connects  with  the  train 
arid  runs  down  Okanogan  Lake,  eighty  miles,  to  Pentlcton,  whence  a  stags 
runs  twenty-eight  miles  to  Fairvlew.  From  points  In  central  Washington 
th?  route  Is  from  Wenatchee  by  the  steamer  City  of  Ellensburg  up  the  Colum- 
bia River  to  Brewster's  Landing,  eighty-five  miles,  or  during  high  Water  to 
JohMon  Creek.  130  miles,  and  thence  by  stage,  108  miles  from  Brewsters.  or 
■Ixty-four  miles  from  Johnson  Creek. 

The  Fairvlew  belt  of  ledges  In  in  a  formation  of  granite,  mica  schist  and 

Suartz  s,chlst,  through  which  a  small  stream  flows  down  Reed's  Gulch  to  the 
tkaiiogan.  The  ledges  crop  on  the  hills  on  each  side  of  this  gulch  for  a  dis- 
tance of  about  three  miles  and  strike  northwest  by  southeast,  the  belt  Jia^ng 
a  known  width  of  about  two  mileB.     The  ore  is  free  milling  quarts.  cari*ying' 


MlNBNa    IN    1HB    PACBPIC    HORTMWBBT. 


m 


«  Mttlo  Bllver  and  shoving  Iron  suinhuroiii    whi^k  »iii         i.  ... 

proportion  an  greMt^r  depth  »8  Kuin.^i      Th^  «r-.  ^.*'"  P'o^'**''/  Increaie  la 

three  Darallel  Indues  irtx  to  twelve  f«et  wWp  «n  w  f^"**  .F'red  Qwatklna.  on 
the  mother  lode  of  the  dUtrk*  whlrh  runH  klnn^tl-  hn  \'^.  ''"'*•  »*"«*»  " 
and  the  Okanogan  valley.  PanTllel  wltr^t  on  th«  nnrt'LI'lV^^T"  **^«  «"'«»• 
line  of  hlllB  Is  another  ledRe.  tnicKi  throuirh  IoV-h  Hn«^°/^**'!?"*'  *^*^''«  another 
the  opposite,  or  ..outhwest.  sWe  of  the  ru  oh  ^s  ?h«  Sm.  Il^^  "V'!."^-  '^"'^  °" 
through  four  claims,  with  several  claims  on  suoooMri  nJ^ln?  T  J*"*««  *'»«=«* 

The  largest  Investment  until  recent  vearH*^ w^!  J?^J*"k'  '^^«^!; 
Mining  Company,  which  bought   he  Brown  Bear  «r* un  of  hv«^,  ^^«  Strathyr. 
a  ten-stanrip  mill  and  concentrator      S  P„™n'k^l■lT„^^f  X'vfii^'^    and  built 


and  tunneled  100  feet  to  tap "Ur'Ashaft  wdnSn^sl^JivM^.  '*''"; ,°"  ''"^  !«**«• 
and  a  tunnel  driven  m  feet  on  It      Some  of  the  ore  wn«  mfiwl  H'^.^^S^  '«''«« 

SaMn'e",  '^^'^"  '^'"'^  ^  ^"«^°-«  ^-""-«  -aTus^^nVd'"o^ira^'s  .TTti 

BtJZ Kh%"n'K|rt\ '/n^^'^lXflySc^E'ia  'The'/^^nn^n^ll^  ^,7" •."« 
shaft  seventy  feet,  striking  the  west  ledge  at  a  denth  .ff  "",? ,„°'.P*"^R®",^'^"'»r 
It  to  be  twelve  feet  wlde.Vhlle  they'Xle  Vn  S  ^c'^u't^'^'roet'-'  """^'"«^ 


this  ledge  crops  In  a  blanket  along  the  gulch    the  hanKln^vnnhn^'.'^J^K^''® 
washed  off.     'they  also  sank  a  140-foot  shaf    on  the  east  led^e  i  ^aVJI^  ^f^ 
foot  drift  at  the  bottom.     After  having  some  small  lot,  nf^^L''^tl^\^.  l^Z 
Strathyre  Company,  they  leased  th 
ore,  which  pnl     them  an  aggregat 

1895,    but  haVf       ince  shipped    two  (.mutiua  m   aiinpn   nr^   tn   'itior>^„      „i,.    1  -, 

returns  of  ab,  ut  $100  gold  and  silver  mostly  the^ormer  ThlsXlm^nrt*^? 
adjoining  one  on  a  narallel  ledge,  showing  four  and  one-half  feet  o?^n?«1n^ 
thirty-live  foot  shaft,  have  been  bonded  by  W.  B.  Powell  of  Vemon  rhh-h 
Coljimbla.  who  contemplates  erecting  a  stamp  mill  on  them      ^•''^"°"'  »'^'"8»» 

The   Stemwlnder,    the  pioneer  claim,    has   been   sold    for   J20nftO   tn   Po,,f 
Mitchell,  of  Victoria,  and  Is  being  developed.     An  eighty-foot  eros<,  c^it  t^'Ji; 
all  three  ledges,  while  a  tunnel  Is  in  150  fe^t  on  one  of  them  and  IshftfV  do^ 
fifty  feet  on  another.     This  work  shows  all  to  be  well  defined    carrvlneTr2 
which  assays  |10  to  »15  gold  and  1  or  2  ounces  silver.  "^""^0.  carrjing  ore 

The  Silver  Crown,  on  the  mother  lode,  owned  bv  Edward  Elewett  and  m 
H.  Ammldown,  has  a  300-foot  cross-cut  tapping  all  three  main  ledges 

Another  property  on  which  much  development  Is  being  done  Is  the  Tin 
Horn  group  of  two  claims,  owned  by  the  Tin  Horn  Quartz  Mining  Comoanv 
which  Is  erecting  a  twenty-stamp  mill.  A  ninety-foot  cross-cut  tana  the  led«» 
two  and  one-half  to  four  feet  wide  and  a  sixty-foot  shaft  shows  It  four  fe«? 
wide.     Thirty-eight  assays  show  an  average  value  of  $112  30 

The  Silver  Bow  Is  also  being  developed,  having  been  acquired  bv  the  Sllv«r 
Bow  Quartz  Mining  Company  from  William  Dalrymple,  and  has  a  goi^ 
showing. 

The  Joe  Dandy  and  Atlas  have  b«en  purchased  by  Lord  Sudley  bavins 
proved  good  value  by  mint  returns.  From  shafts  seventy  and  sixty  feet 
from  which  seventy  feet  of  tunnel  and  cross-cuts  run,  about  400  tons  of  ore 
were  milled,  averaging  $26. 

The  Gold  Hill,  on  the  three  mam  ledses,  has  been  taken  up  by  the  Gold 
Hill  Quartz  Mining  Company  and  has  siv^n  as:  ays  of  $7  on  the  iiurface  $43  to 
180  at  a  depth  of  four  feet  and  $123  at  ten  fetl.  '  '^ 

The  Western  Hill,  owned  by  William  Dalrymnle,  has  an  open  nut  showing 
the  mother  lode  nine  feet  wide,  with  pay  ore  assaying  $49  gold,  29  ouncM 
silver.  From  the  Susie  George  A.  Guess  and  J.  J.  White  took  eight  tons  of 
ore  whljh  netted  over  $60  at  the  smelter,  their  ledge  being  seven  feet  wide. 

The  Smuggler  Is  the  most  promising  property  on  the  southwest  side  of 
the  gulch,  %vlth  the  possible  exception  of  the  Tin  Horn.  The  locater,  Thomas 
Elliott,  sank  HO  feet  on  It,  showing  seven  feet  of  quartz  with  only  one  wall 
and  made  a  test  shipment  of  thre  tons  to  Tacoma,  which  returned  $175  gross 
per  ton.  He  sold  the  claim  a  year  ago  to  Capt.  Mitchell,  of  Victoria,  for 
$20,000  and  it  Is  now  being  developed. 

The  Mayflower  group  of  three  claims  owned  by  tha  Occidental  Mining 
Company  has  a  shaft  on  one  ledge,  from  which  four  tons  of  ore  returned  %W 
gold.  On  another  claim  a  thirty-foot  shaft  shows  a  flvo-foot  ledge  carrying 
free  gold  and  assaying  from  $30  to  $50  on  an  average. 

The  development  of  this  camp  has  been  taken  up  by  Victoria  and  Van- 
couver people,  who  have  bought  up  or  bonded  some  forty  promising  prospects 
and  are  putting  large  forces  at  work  on  them. 

Free  mllHng  ore  has  also  been  discovered  on  Keremeos  Creek,  eight  miles 
west  of  Fairvierw  and  twenty-one  .lilies  southwest  of  Pentlcton,  and  though 
the  dlscoverioa  are  too  recent  to  allow  time  for  much  work  to  define  the  size 
and  character  of  the  ledges,  development  Is  in  progress  on  several  properties. 
The  course  is  s^nerally  northeast  by  southwest  and  the  country  formation  Is 
gray  dloflte. 

The  Sunset,  owned  by  the  Gold  Belt  Mining  Company,  is  on  a  blanket  ledge 
of  free  milling  and  concentrating  ore  sixteen  feet  wide,  showing  heavy  ooppnr 
stains  and  carry  $7  to  $84  gold.  ,        ^   ,   ,    ^      ^        „     , 

The  Sunrise,  which  has  been  bought  from  C.  J.  Jordan  by  a  Spokane  com- 


il 


160 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


pany,  has  two  feet  of  ttee  milling  ore  shown  by  a  thirty-foot  tunnel  at  the 
foot  of  a  mountain  and  180  feet  above,  a  shaft  is  down  twenty  feet  on  it,  the 
average  ab»uys  being  about  $44  gold. 

The  Dominion  group  consists  of  one  claim  on  the  Sunset  and  two  "in  the 
Sunrise  ledge.  The  former  crops  two  to  six  feet  wide,  carrying  copper  and 
iron  sulphides  and  carrying  5  per  cent,  copper  on  the  surface.  The  other  two. 
claims  have  a  similar  showing  to  the  Sunrise,  that  ledge  being  traceable  by 
nroppings  tcr  two  miles,  although  undevelopt^d. 

A  party  of  Montana  men  has  begun  sinltlug  on  the  Buckeus,  which  they 
have  bonded  from  John  Buclteus  and  which  has  a  ledge  of  sulphide  ore 
covered  by  an  iron  can  twelve  to  fifteen  feet  wide. 

On  the  Dolphin  J.  M.  Pitman  has  a  sixteen-foot  ledg<e  of  the  same  kind 
cropping  at  three  points  and  assaying  $31  gold  on  the  surface,  and  has  sunk 
twenty  feet  on  It. 


THE    COAST    DISTBICT. 


By  John  R.  Wolcott,  Seattle. 

The  Coast  mining  region  of  British  Columbia  extends  In  a  northwesterly 
direction  from  Vancouver  Harbor  (Burrard  Inlet)  to  the  Alaskan  boundary 
and  Includes  the  western  slope  of  the  Coast  Range  Mountains,  togrether  with 
the  ad.iacen\  Islands,  comprising  a  territory  over  800  miles  in  length  and  vary- 
ing from  23  to  130  miles  in  width. 

The  physical  features  are  unlike  those  of  any  other  known  mining  district. 
The  region  may  be  fairly  described  as  a  mining  camp  set  in  the  ocean;  a  few 
of  its  characteristics  being  a  succession  of  Islands  ranging  from  a  few 
acres  to  many  square  miles  in  extent,  with  bold  shore  lines  and  usually  deep 
water  close  to  shore.  The  channels  are  deep  and  have  strong  tides,  in  places 
becoming  dangerous  at  certain  stages  of  the  tide.  Many  of  the  Islands  are 
deeply  Indented  by  bays  or  Inlets,  in  some  Instances  almost  cutting  the  island 
in  two.  The  mainland  Is  also  Indented  by  inlets  and  arms,  ranging  from  two 
to  sixty-five  miles  in  length  and  usually  having  a  nortiiorly  direction.  These 
greatly  faellltate  the  exjiloration  of  the  country;  for  cutting  so  deeply  Into 
the  mountains,  and  usually  across  the  formation,  they  offer  exceptional  op- 
portunliies  to  the  prospector.  There  is  practically  no  level  land  f  i  the  district, 
the  tntre  res"lon,  both  Islands  nvd  mainland,  being  very  rugj'ed,  tne  mountains 
rising  from  the  shore  ut  from  20  degrees  to  vertical.  Frequently  forty  fath- 
oms depth  Is  oblainable  within  100  feet  of  shore.  The  country  possesses  an 
ample  supply  of  timber  for  mining  purposes  and  fresh  water  la  abundant. 
There  are  many  fine  water  powers  in  the  district.  Exploration  has  so  far 
been  confined  to  the  140  miles  between  Vancouver  and  Loughborough  Inlet,  and 
has  been  of  the  most  cursory  nature,  but  little  tliorougli  systematic  work  hav- 
ing been  done.  Prospecting  lias  been  done  with  canoes  and  the  examination 
confined  (with  but  few  exceptlon.s)  to  the  mineral  outcropping  at  the  water's 
edge. 

The  surface  rocks  of  the  district  consist  chiefly  it  gray  granite  and 
granitoid  material,  some  genisses  and  other  aohists  being  occasionally  asso- 
ciated, with  at  times  a  belt  of  slate  or  lime  showing.  . 

On  Jervls,  Toba  and  Bute  Inlets  are  places  where  the  underlying  rocks 
are  exposed,  showing  slates,  dlorlte  and  porphyry  overlaid  with  granite;  while 
the  channels  and  inlets  indicate  serious  seismic  disturbances.  The  rock» 
show  both  lateral  and  longitudinal  foldings  to  have  occurred,  and  are  as  a  rule 
more  or  less  base,  frequently  being  so  far  off  their  description  In  geological 
works  as  to  give  the  prospector  ample  reason  to  believe  that  the  maker  of 
'  the  rocks  and  the  writers  of  the  books  seriously  disagreed. 

The  district  contains  large  and  numerous  bodies  of  quartz  containing  gold, 
copper  and  silver.  The  ores,  as  far  as  known,  are  smelting,  many  of  them 
being  concentrating.  Copper  will  unquestionably  he  produced  in  large  quan- 
tities. Oenerally,  the  ores  may  be  classed  as  lew  prade,  i.  e.,  there  are  large 
bodies  of  ore  that  range  from  J5  to  $20  per  ton  and  will  concentrate  from  three 
to  fifteen  tons  Into  one.  There  are  other  proiieriles  sufflclpntly  dt'veloped  to 
demonstrate  that  they  will  produce  shipping  ore.  The  Van  Anda,  Raven.  Vic- 
toria and  Sliver  Top  properties  on  Texada  Island  are  producing  ore  11  ,'t  aver- 
ages over  $40  per  ton.  The  Phillips  Arm  Mines  Company  has  both  shiptnng  and 
concentrating  ore;  tlie  Queen  Bee  on  Valdez  Island  assays  from  $20  to  $160 
per  ton  in  gold.  The  big  vein  back  of  Estero  Basin  Is  both  shipping  and  con- 
centrating. 

It  has  been  krown  for  a  number  of  years  that  iron  and  copper  existed;  also 
that  there  were  strong  veins  of  quartz,  but  it  was  not  "free  milling,"  and 
base  ores  were  not  in  demand.  The  mert  traversing  the  district  were  chiefly 
loggers  and  were  not  Interested  In  mlni.jg.  Surface  samples  only  were  brought 
in  and  the  assays  were  low,  and  until  the  establishment  of  smelters  at  Tacoma 
and  Everett,  base  ore  propositions  would  not  be  entertained— hence  the  few 
men  who  attempted  to  interest  capital  In  Coast  minlntr  were  unsuccessful. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Id 


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In  places 
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sesses  an 
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le  water's 

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cessful. 


C.  R.  Graves,  of  Vancouver,  a  Provincial  surveyor  possessed  with  a  fair 
knowledge  of  geology,  made  numerous  attempts  to  interest  oartles  In  some  of 

i^1»?t*"n7l.P  n^.P,"^!.""","  ^^'"^  ^«  ^"""^  discovered  but  wlthoSrsuccessC  B 
Priest  of  Nanalmo  also  a  surveyor.  In  1889.  succeeded  In  forming  a  syndi- 
cate to  purchase  a  tract  of  land  on  Texada  Island  for  Its  deposits  of  copper, 
but  was  unable  to  secure  cap  tal  for  its  development.  C.  R  Miller  has  per^ 
slstently  held  to  the  Golden  Slipper  and  other  claims  on  Texada  Is'.i.nd  for  ten 
years  past;  the  expenses  of  his  family,  and  coat  of  development  on  his  claims 
being  defrayed  by  the  gold  he  had  washed  out  of  the  decomposed  surface 
vein  matter  of  the  Golden  Slipper  claim.  A.  Raper  held  to  the  Victoria  on 
Texada  Island  over  seven  years;  the  Comox  syndicate,  a  party  of  prospectors 
who  pooled  Interests,  have  also  held  on  for  fully  seven  years,  and  are  now 
developing  one  of  their  claims— the  Surprise— into  a  mine.  The  late  Prof. 
Bredemeyer,  of  Tacoma,  in  1892  and  1893,  made  an  extended  examination  of 
the  deposits  on  Texada  Island  and  reported  favorably  thereon  ami  attempted 
to  interest  capital.  In  1893,  J.  J.  Chambers  located  the  Tilly  on  Phillips  Arm, 
now  being  developed  by  the  Phillips  Arm  Mines  Company,  and  also  made  other 
locations.  His  enthusiasm  regarding  the  mineral  resources  of  the  Coast  Dis- 
trict gained  him  the  name  of  "Crazy  Chambers"- a  title  he  is  far  prouder  of 
now  than  In  1893. 

The  first  development  work  in  the  district  was  during  1896,  and  as  a  whole, 
has  proven  so  satisfactmy  that  the  attentior  of  capital  is  being  strongly  di- 
rected to  tne  district;  tiuH  'CKion  presents  the  unusual  feature  of  English 
capital  taking  hold  of  undovolop'  d  properties  in  a  district  in  which  but  a  com- 
paratively small  amount  i  f  dcvt  lopment  work  has  been  done.  A  number  of 
English  mining  engineers,  nuii-t  of  them  with  a  South  African  and  Australian 
mining  experience,  have  inspected  the  district  during  the  past  year  with  the 
result  that  five  or  more  English  companies  have  acquired  holdings  and  are 
arrangng  for  development  during  1897;  some  already  being  at  work. 

The  Indications  for  paying  properties  and  prosperous  camps  at  a  number 
of  points  are  excellent.  Several  properties  are  already  sufficiently  advanced  to 
warrant  the  belief  that  they  will  become  dividend  paying  mines.  The  large 
bodies  of  ore.  much  of  it  capable  of  being  concentrated  and  situated  for  econ- 
omical handling,  c  ■.mbin<'d  with  the  certainty  of  low  freight  rn,tes,  all  tend 
to  make  this  a  most  Inviting  ,ield  for  capital.  Freight  rates  on  ore  to  Everett 
or  Tacoma  are  $1.25  per  ton  in  fifty-ton  lots;  freight  on  camp  supplies  is  mod- 
erate. 

The  country  Is  practically  unprospected,  and  to  the  practical  prospector  Is 
a  most  inviting  field. 

Howe  Sound— Twelve  miles  from  Vancouver,  is  from  two  to  seven  miles 
wide  and  projects  into  the  mninland  in  a  northerly  direction  over  twenty-five 
miles.  Near  the  entrance  are  Bow.m,  Gambler  and  Anvil  Islands.  On  Bowen 
Island  there  is  a  gnup  of  thirteen  claims,  the  property  of  a  syndicate  repre- 
sented by  Cowan  &  Shaw,  of  Vani'ouvc?.  Several  veins  are  Included  in  the 
property;  the  principal  one  being  some  eight  or  nine  feet  wide,  carrying  gold 
and  sliver.  The  property  Is  now  being  developed,  there  being  at  present  a 
forty-foot  shaft  and  sundry  open  cuts.  This  is  considered  to  be  a  valuable 
property. 

A  number  of  other  claims  have  been  located  on  the  Island,  a  Tacoma  com- 
pany owning  a  group  on  which  some  development  work  has  been  done.  On 
Gambler  Island,  Stokes  and  Hartley  own  the  Gold  Standard,  which  has  a  four- 
foot  vein  between  slate  and  granite  walls.  The  ore  assays  from  $50  to  $80  per 
ton  gold.  G.  S.  Logan,  of  Seattle,  owns  the  Nulla  Seounda;  Dr.  S.  F.  Martin 
and  John  R.  Poster,  of  Seattle,  the  Wall  Street,  these  being  extensions  of  the 
Gold  Standard.  Near  by  Messrs.  Stokes.  Hartley,  Martin  and  Fo.stc-r  own  the 
Vancouver,  Thorley.  Ecclefechan  and  Westminster  on  a  v/ell  defined  vein 
eight  to  teA  feet  wide  of  lose  qi.anz,  assaying  from  $S  to  $15  gold.  The  Croe- 
sus  owned  by  Dr.  Martin,  of  Toronto,  is  a  fine  property,  surface  assays  being 


the  aouna  opposue  ».Taimut-t  iduh.u,  ^■'.  ,-.  ^    T"i„ut  >„„*!«  wlrltv.  in   B-ranltB 
nf  Mpnttle    hiive  three  claims  on  a  vein  six  to  eight  feet  in  wlrttfi  m  gramie 

Si  S-Sn  VKSlIe  and  1»  rwiii'a  by  a  Smtch  symUcnte  who  are  dovelo.iiiiE  It. 


S'^?' 


f' '  ■■•• 


162 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


being  over  sixty  miles  In  length.  Some  seventy  claims  have  been  located, 
chiefly  in  the  neigliborhood  of  Prince  of  Wales  Reach,  and  at  the  head  of  th« 
inlet.  The  best  known  property  in  the  district  is  a  group  of  five  claims  known 
as  the  Pltzslmmons  group,  and  recently  incorporated  as  the  Treasure  Moun- 
tain Mines.  This  property  Is  on  the  east  side  of  Prince  of  Wales  Reach,  three 
miles  south  ot  Vancouver  Bay  and  seventeen  miles  from  the  entrance  to  the 
inlet.     The  property  Is  thus  described  by  Col.  T.  H.  Tracy,  of  "Vancouver: 

The  vein  Is  a  chalcopyrlte  carrying  copper,  silver  and  gold.  It  runs  In  a 
northwesterly  direction  along  the  face  of  the  hill,  the  hlghe.st  point  being  aliout 
1,300  feet  above  sea  level;  the  average  distance  from  the  shore  is  about  2,000 
feet.  The  ore  shows  in  the  bed  of  a  small  stream,  also  in  numerous  boulders 
which  have  been  broken  off  and  rolled  down  a  short  distance,  and  In  other 
places  almost  continuously  for  about  a  mile.  In  places,  the  iron  capping, 
which  resembles  that  met  with  in  Kootenai,  has  slipped  down,  owing  to  the 
steepness  of  the  hill  and  to  partial  decomposition.  It  Is  Impossible  to  say  what 
the  width  of  the  vein  is  without  first  doing  considerable  surface  work,  but  It 
appears  to  be  from  ten  to  twenty  feet  wide. 

G.  F.  Monckton,  member  of  the  North  of  England  Institute  of  Mining  En- 
gineers, made  an  examination  in  January,  1897,  and  states  that  he  found  a  very 
large  body  of  rock  carrying  pyrites  and  extending  over  3,000  feet,  at  its 
greatest  width  100  feet.  The  ore  body  lies  in  a  belt  of  diclte  between  granite 
and  slate.  The  ore  bears  a  strong  resemblance  to  Rossland  ore.  Assays  have 
ranged  from  two  to  sixteen  and  one-half  per  cent,  copper;  1  to  15  ounces  sliver, 
and  from  a  trace  to  S-pv^nnyweight  gold.  A  crew  of  seven  men  has  recently 
been  started  at  work  on  this  property  and  it  is  expected  that  development 
work  will  be  actively  pushed. 

C.  W.  Davidson,  J.  R.  Seymour,  H.  Darling  and  other  Vancouver  gentle- 
men, comprise  a  syndicate  owning  some  fifteen  claims  in  Jervls  Inlet.  They 
have  the  Vulcan  group  r'  seven  near  Vancouver  Bay  In  a  dlorlte,  slate  and 
granite  formation.  Outcrops  Indicate  an  ore  quite  similar  in  character  to  that 
of  the  Fitzslm:.Tions  group.  The  vein  Is  eight  feet  or  over,  well  defined  though 
no  work  has  been  done.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the*  inlet  they  have  one 
claim,  the  Wideawake.  At  Deserted  Bay  they  have  three  claims  on  a  large 
body  of  white  auartz  In  granite  and  slate. 

Opposite  Princess  I.oulse  Inlet  they  have  three  claims  on  a  ten-foot  ledge 
of  quartz  carrying  gold  and  silver.  At  the  head  of  the  inlet  they  have  the 
Victoria,  a  large  body  of  quartz;  some  work  was  done  on  this  property  four 
or  five  years  ago  by  Mr.  Davidson,  and  it  is  understood  to  assay  nigh. 

On  Nelson  Island,  near  the  entrance  to  Jervls  Inlet,  twenty-five  or  thirty 
claims  have  been  located  during  the  past  sixty  days,  several  of  them  showing 
free  gold. 

Texada  Island  lies  In  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  the  southern  end  being  forty 
miles  from  Vancouver;  It  Is  five  miles  from  the  mainland  and  twelve  from 
Vancouver  Island.  It  Is  thirty  miles  In  length  by  five  In  breadth,  and  Is  ap- 
parently an  upheaval.  On  the  southern  half  the  mountains  are  very  steep, 
on  the  northern  half  they  are  more  rolling.  Commencing  at  the  southern  end 
and  going  northerly  along  the  western  side,  the  formation  first  shows  an 
amygdaloid  which  changes  to  an  Igneous  conglomerate;  next  comes  several 
miles  of  Vancouverlte,  a  sort  of  trap  rock  ha\'lng  a  greenish  color  on  a  fresh 
fracture;  next  Is  a  belt  of  black  limestone  containing  large  quantities  of  fos- 
sils; near  Gillies  Bay  there  Is  a  small  Intrusion  of  the  coal  measures,  both  the 
shale  and  sand-stone  appearing.  From  GUlles  Bay  to  the  northern  end  of 
the  Island  Is  crystallne  limestone  with  porphyry  showing  In  places  and  several 
rich  mineralized  dlorlte  dikes  projecting  through  the  limestone.  Develop- 
ment work  at  the  Van  Anda,  Kirk  Lake,  Silver  Tip  and  Surprise  mines  Indi- 
cates that  the  limestone  Is  a  surface  rock  overlying  dlorlte  and  porphyry  in 
place. 

The  known  mineral  belt  occupies  the  extreme  northerly  end  of  the  Island, 
embracing  about  twenty-five  square  miles  of  territory.  The  steamers  land 
at  the  Van  Anda  mine,  as  the  principal  work  so  far  done  is  easily  accessible 
from  this  point. 

Commencing  at  the  steamer  landing  at  the  Van  Anda  .Tfilne,  the  land  rises 
at  thfe  rate  of  about  twenty  degrees,  attaining  an  elevation  of  sixteen  to 
eigliteen  hundred  feet.  Near  the  water  on  the  easterly  side,  the  formation  is 
very  much  out  of  place  on  the  surface.  On  the  westerly  sloe  the  rise  from 
the  water  to  the  highest  elevation  Is  very  sharp,  the  full  elevation  on  this  side 
being  attained  within  a  mile  ^/om  the  shore. 

There  are  no  developed  mines  on  the  Island,  the  largest  amount  of  work 
having  been  done  at  the  Van  Anda.  This  property  embraces  fifteen  or  sixteen, 
claims,  and  has  several  known  veins;  work,  however,  having  been  done  on 
only  one  and  the  work  to  date  having  been  largely  of  an  exploring  nature.  A 
shaft  has  been  sunk  125  feet,  partly  on  the  vein  and  partly  through  the  adja- 
cent lime,  ore  having  been  developed  to  a  depth  of  sixty  feet.  It  is<«xpectad 
the  shaft  wili  again  strike  the  vein  in  about  thirty  feet.  The  ore  taken  from 
this  vein  has  ranged  In  value  from  $2  to  t3  at  the  surface  to  over  $1,000  assays 
on  picked  samples.  A  recent  shipment  of  fort)-  tons  to  the  Everett  smelter 
gave  returns  of:    Copper,  I8V2  per  cent;  gold,  $18.6(i;  silver,  11  ounces. 

At  the  date  of  my  visit.  January  18,  1897,  thtre  Were  about  thirty  tons  of 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


fit  °the''maS/^^kTmld  ^n!frf.^'  '"'/j  ^5  P^^  cent,  copper.  Edward  Blew- 
sWpment  abovl  allXd To  Whnl  Y°"'*^  ''Vlu'""^.*^  ^«"er  in  gold  than  the 
tons  of  ore  were  hoi«?^rt  fknf^'^"^,i  "^^^  ^*  ^^^^  ™*"e,  betweetj,  four  and  five 
largely  bornlteP  Th«  v^in  "-aoT"'*^  average  fully  40  per  cent  copper  (being 
feet  of  sWDDlnfforJ  Pnmr!,„',,^f  ^^''v?^  developed.  ha.s  shown  from  tone  to  four 
ore  Increasing  In  v«in«."^H"^'"?K^^''"*  ^^.^^^^  'eet  below  the  surface  and  the 
run  180  feet  a?  the^iltl  f^^.*^,*'^*^  as  well  as  In  quantity.  A  drift  has  been 
from  thl^drtft  Vrlrn^;^??^  ^^'^^^'  ?^".^  the  bornlte  ore  above  alluded  to  came 
and  in  a  svs[emnHp^^nl'°i'^?'■^  being  made  for  pushing  the  work  actively 
will  bP  in  nprmn!,ilJ"?""®'^7.'^  ^S'"^  ^^^  Opinion  of  Mr.  Blewett  that  they 
It  -theintPnt^nf«"i„'£'"'"^"°,"  ^^r.}-^^  ""'6  the  200  foot  level  Is  reached 
ent •  one  shlnmi.n7  h^i^^''®  regular  shipments  once  in  two  weelcs  for  the  pres- 
M  At  fhfi  m  f^«?1*"^wu'^^  °^  ^^  ^^«='*^'  March  3  and  one  of  330  sacks  March 
At  tht  tim«  Mr  ?j^iJf'i?',*?-.®  cross-cut  fortyflve  feet  struck  the  ore  body  and 
ore  In  f h?  f  J^f-^^'f.^®"  '^"  ^'J  ^^^'"''^  1^  there  was  three  and  one-half  feet  of 

n^  ^  ®  °^  "'®  cross-cut  with  the  drills  still  working  in  ore. 
a  hiif  JTi^o*^"  F°^P*?^.  ^"^^  Claims  lies  southerly  from  the  Van  Anda  one  and 
inS  rv.JlJl!f^"„  ^  ?*^^"^  is  contracted  and  work  commenced  by  the  Raven  Min- 
o»Lr:?-.^£.^^^r  ,  ^  tunnel  has  been  run  over  100  feet  cutting  the  vein  about 
fjf  .^PiLlf®*  "^'""^  the  surface.  The  ore  from  this  property  Is  quite  similar 
in  general  appearance  to  that  from  the  Van  Anda. 

r^^^^il'i^,*^®*  ^u^^},  one  and  one-half  miles  westerly  from  the  Van  Anda  Is  the 
S,^?f  ®*u^  S-^,  \^^  Texada  Kirk  Lake  Gold  Mines,  consisting  of  over  200  acres, 
witn  the  Kirk  Lake  water  power,  estimated  at  500  horsepower.  A  number  of 
promising  veins  show  on  the  property.  A  shaft  has  been  sunk  on  a  fine  vein 
.^u.^"°'"I.  .  ®  ^°^^  ^"^  assays  from  $40  to  $200.  Paralleling  this  vein  and 
within  a  distance  of  200  feet,  are  numerous  veins,  so  many  and  of  such  a 
character  that  the  general  Impression  is  that  the  entire  200  feet  will  pay  to 
work.    Development  will  be  pushed  this  season. 

F.  W.  McRady,  who  has  supervision  of  the  development  of  this  property, 
also  manages  a  group  about  a  mile  distant  controlled  by  W.  L.  Challoner,  of 
Victoria,  also  property  in  the  Kootenay  country  owned  by  the  syndicate 
controlling  the  Kirk  Lake  mines. 

The  Nut  Cracker  corners  on  the  Kirk  Lake  Company's  -rroup  to  the 
southeast.  A  well  defined  vein  shows  running  north  of  west.  Work  consists 
of  a  fourteen-foot  shaft  which  has  developed  a  vein  of  about  four  feet.  The 
same  vein  is  found  in  the  Yellow  Jacket,  where  about  the  same  amount  of 
•work  has  been  done,  showing  a  similar  class  of  ore. 

The  Lorindale  adjoins  the  Nut  Cracker  and  has  a  well  defined  vein.  Work 
has  been  done  on  thia  property,  which,  had  It  been  done  in  a  legitimate  man- 
ner, would  have  meant  at  least  a  150-foot  shaft.  The  property,  however,  has 
been  badly  "gophered,"  every  effort,  evidently,  having  been  directed  to  an 
attempt  to  obtain  samples  of  free  gold,  with  apparently  no  Intention  towards 
the  systematic  development  of  the  property.  The  property  merits  very  differ- 
ent treatment  from  what  It  has  received. 

The  Surprise  presents  some  peculiar  featues.  The  shaft  Is  down  seventy- 
two  feet  and  a  drift  run  sixty-five  feet.  The  vein  la  well  mineralized  Its  f^ll 
:^ld.th,  five  feet,  and  has  both  walls  well  defined.  This  property  Is  owned  by  a 
party  of  men  from  Comox,  who  are  developing  It  on  the  co-operative  p" 
The  result  of  their  work  showp  what  men  of  llmlmted  means,  but  with  a 
position  to  develop  tlieir  property,  can  do. 

The  Golden  Slipper  la  on  the  westerly  side  of  the  Island  and  about  a 
northerly  from  the  iron  mines  and  Is  now  controlled  by  C.  S.  Douglas,  of  V 
couver.  Mr.  Miller  has  done  a  good  deal  of  general  prospecting  work  on  U« 
property  and  has  uncovered  the  vein  at  several  points.  At  one  place  he  n&s 
a  shaft  about  fifteen  feet  deep,  phowlng  the  vein  to  be  a  strong  one  nine  f^t 
in  width.  This  property  lies  on  a  steep  hillside  and  in  a  position  \o  >;» 
developed  economically,  and  there  is  every  indication  that  with  develoMnentW 
will  prove  most  valuable.     Mr.  Miller  has  taken  free  gold  from  the  surface  for 

V6£LI*8 

The  Tip  Top  adjoins  the  Golden  Slipper  on  the  northerly  side,  the  G<rfd^ 
Slipper  vein  extending  through  it  and  be^g  readily  traceablethe  length  qf^the 
^.alm.     There  are 
cross-vein  extends 
Baby, 


are  two  other  veins  on  the  property  nearly  parallel  to  lt,J,ndA 
ends  across  this  and  also  across  the  Copp^er  King  aijp  NIa[gW 

The  Cooper  King  adjoins  the  Tip  Top  on  the  northeast.  There  are  tmo 
jng!  wefldeflp'd  veins  bearing  north,w.e8terIjf.  and  the  one  referred  ^  as 
«f^mTn/fhl     and  other  i.roBerty.  which  boars  southweaterly.   ,  A  sh^t 


urth4^^ve[n*ha8''diveloped"nSwlV"  flv«  feet  "of  good  lo«>klhk 


strong, 

cross-cutting  thi 
fifteen  feet  deep 

^'*Thn  silver  Tin  adlolns  the  Surprise  on  the  north.w«at  and  is  croased  pw 


IM 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


energetically,  and  la  acquiring  oth«r  properties  on  the  island,  and  proposes  to 
develop  its  holdings  Into  paying  mines. 

A  St.  John's,  New  Brunswick,  syndicate,  managed  by  J.  C.  Keith,  of  Van- 
couver, is  operating  in  the  Coast  District  and  more  particularly  on  Texada 
Island.  The  syndicate  Is  operating  on  lines  of  great  advantage  to  a  mining 
camp,  viz:  It  bonds  promising  looking  prospects,  puts  on  the  development 
work  necessary  to  show  the  property,  and  then  sells  the  claim  to  parties  who 
will  continue  the  work.  It  took  hold  of  the  Silver  Tip;  sank  a  sixty-four  foot 
shaft,  and  did  other  exploring  work— then  sold  the  property  to  the  Texada 
Proprietary  Company.  The  syndicate  controls  some  fifteen  claims  on  the 
Island  and  Is  just  closing  contracts  for  development  work  on  the  Summit,  Rlno 
and  Marguerite  claims. 

The  Tip  Top,  Copper  King,  Volunteer  group  of  six  claims  and  several  ad- 
jacent properties,  have  recently  passed  under  control  of  Thomas  H.  Fraser, 
Mining  Engineer  of  London,  and  arrangements  are  being  made  for  active 
development. 

A  large  number  of  claims  have  been  located  in  this  minteral  belt  on  which 
little  or  no  work  has  been  done.  It  can  safely  be  said  that  there  is  not  a 
claim  on  the  Island  that  has  been  fairly  prospected  and  it  is  doubtful  if  the 
number  of  veins  actus  My  existing  in  any  of  the  claims  Is  known  to  the  owners. 
The  formation  Is  of  such  a  nature  that.  If  sitiiated  near  the  famous  .-Cripple 
Creek,  Colorado,  camp,  there  would  be  a  rush  on  the  part  of  capitalists  to  get 
men  and  machinery  on  the  ground  for  a  thorough  exploitation  of  the  territory. 
It  is  not  a  poor  man's  camp,  but  one  that  requires  capital  to  put  properties  on 
a  paying  basis. 

While  the  formation  Is  readily  traceable  through  a  clalm'and  from  one 
claim  to  another,  well  defined  walls  are  rarely  encountered  until  some  depth 
is  reached.  One  can  travel  along  a  vein  and  can  dig  through  the  decomposed 
vein  matter,  which  Is  usually  three  to  five  feet,  and  can  take  the  material  so 
excavated  and  wash  out  from  a  few  colors  to  a  dollar  or  more  of  gold.  This 
is  true  of  various  claims  and  at  almost  any  point  on  the  vein  where  oxidation 
has  occurred  to  any  extent. 

The  camp  presents  an  Inviting  field  for  capital  and  indications  are  such  as 
to  warrant  a  liberal  expenditure  In  exploration  and  development,  but  the  work 
should  be  under  the  direction  of  mining  men  backed  with  capital  sufficient  to 
properly  develop  a  property. 

During  the  past  summer  considerable  prospecting  was  done  along  the 
Coast  and  the  various  Inlets  between  Jervls  Inlet  and  the  Phillips  Arm  Dis- 
trict; while  a  number  of  claims  were  staked,  some  with  very  promising  surface 
showings,  but  little  work  has  been  done  on  them. 

Monckton  and  Colquhoon,  Mining  Engineers  of  Vancouver,  are  developing 
a  property  on  the  southern  end  of  Redonda  Island  that  Is  making  an  excellent 
showing,  having  a  three-fool  vein,  assaying  from  $25  to  $134  In  sliver,  with 
some  lead  and  copper.  On  the  same  claim  they  have  a  fine  looking  copper 
ledge.  A  claim  owned  by  D.  Carmlchel  and  situated  near  the  above,  assayed 
$13.90  In  silver  and  gold  surface  outcrops. 

A  number  of  claims  have  been  located  on  Redonda  Islands,  Cortes,  Reed 
and  In  the  vicinity  of  the  "Hole-ln-the-Wall"  on  Valdez  Island. 

Bute  Inlet,  110  miles  northwest  from  Vancouver,  is  two  to  three  miles  wide 
and  sixty-five  miles  long,  the  general  direction  being  northeasterly.  It  cuts 
the  Coast  Range  at  nearly  a  right  angle.  Is  very  mountainous,  some  of  the 
peaks  rl-sing  to  a  height  of  8,000  feet;  extremely  precipitous  and  cut  by  deep 
ravines  and  pullles  filled  with  slide  matter  from  the  heights  above.  These  In- 
tersect the  line  of  direction  of  the  Inlet,  generally  having  an  easterly  and 
westerly  direction.     Volcanic  disruption  Is  evident  in  many  places. 

At  the  entrance  to  the  Inlet  on  the  northwestern  shore,  at  Arran  Rapids,  is 
a  small  belt  of  broken  slate  with  several  small  veins  of  quartz  containing  iron 
pyrites  and  some  sulphides  of  copper.  This  belt  crosses  to  Stewart  Island, 
which  lies  across  the  entrance  to  the  Inlet  and  Is  cut  by  a  well  defined  vein 
running  In  a  nortneast  and  southwest  direction  through  about  the  center  of  the 
Island.  This  vein  carries  a  large  per  cent,  of  copper,  and  assays  in  gold  and 
silver. 

On  the  first  ledge  are  several  claims  owned  by  Charles  and  Fred  Thulln 
of  Lund,  and  the  Gulf  of  Georgia  Prospecting  Company.  On  the  Island  are 
four  claims  located  by  Fred  Buker,  J.  A.  Robertson,  O.  W.  Rafuse  and  C.  R. 
Graves,  of  Vancouver.  The  Buker  property  has  recently  been  purchased  bjr 
John  (^obeMlok,  of  London,  who  has.  during  the  last  few  months,  ac(|uired 
extensive  holdings  In  the  Coast  district  for  English  parties.  Assays  on  the 
four  claims  ran^e  from  $12  to  $20  In  copper  and  gold. 

Passing  north  along  the  Inlet.  th«i  formation  Is  granitic,  cut  in  all  direc- 
tions by  slate  dikes  for  some  four  miles,  when  the  formation  becomes  more 
regular  and  more  defined  granite.  In  which  are  within  the  next  two  miles  two 
ledges  of  gneiss  highly  mineralized,  and  showing  strong  copper  stains.  Ahout 
three  miles  further  on  there  Is  a  narrow  strip  of  low  land  separating  Bute 
Inlet  from  the  Estero  Basin,  formed  by  slide  matter,  and  It  Is  evident  that  at 
one  time  Bute  inlet  and  Frederic  Arm  were  connected  by  what  Is  now 
known  as  Estero  Basin,  a  body  of  water  some  two  miles  wide  by  five  In 
length.      For  a  mile  and  three-quarters  from  this  point  the  formatlin  is 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


16S 


gray  g;ranlte;  then  It  Is  cut  by  a  belt  of  fine  slate  having  an  easterly  and 
westerly  direction  across  the  Inlet,  and  Is  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  In  width. 
This  belt  Is  traceable  through  to  the  other  Inlets,  both  to  the  north  and  south, 
and  contains  several  strong,  well  mineralized  veins  of  quartz  traceable  for  a 
mile  on  either  side  of  the  inlet,  through  claims  controlled  bv  C.  R.  Graves,  of 
Vancouver.  Next  to  the  slate  lies  a  belt  of  porphyry  thirty  to  forty  feet 
wide  and  about  half  a  mile  long,  In  contact  with  a  volcanic  conglomerate,  with 
which  is  found  some  lava.  Next  to  this  is  a  small  belt  of  slliclous  rock; 
then  dlorlte  and  granite,  which  extend  seven  miles  up  the  inlet  and  contain 
several  unprospecteu  veins;  above  this  is  an  unbroken  stretch  of  gray  slab 
slate  for  nearly  seven  miles,  then  the  character  of  the  slate  changes  to  a  finely 
laminated  green  slate,  containing  numerous  large  pockets  of  quartz:  then 
gradually  changes  to  an  almost  black  slate  containing  a  large  quantity  of 
iron  and  looks  like  a  mass  of  Iron  rust  clear  to  the  summit.  There  are  three 
claims  on  this  owned  by  S.  Harlon.  Next  comes  porphyry  considerably  min- 
eralized. In  this  is  a  vein  of  da-  k  bluish  gray  quartz  about  six  feet  wide,  well 
defined  and  traceable  for  a  ■  ilderable  distance,  which  contains  Iron  and 
copper  sulphides.  About  IC  teet  farther  on  the  south  side  is  a  strong  vein 
some  twenty  feet  wide,  of  pale  bluish  quartz,  showing  much  iron  on  the  sur- 
face. There  are  four  claims  on  this  vein  owned  by  C.  R.  Gr.aves  and  others. 
About  a  mile  farther  up  the  inlet  E.  D.  Blanchfield.  C.  R.  Graves  and  others 
have  four  claims  containing  a  three-foot  vein  carrying  galena  and  gray 
copper,  which  runs  into  a  mountain  6,000  feet  In  height.  Just  north  of  this  the 
formation  changes  to  granite,  which  continues  to  the  head  of  the  inlet.  Two 
large  rivers  enter  the  head  of  the  Inlet  through  valleys  that  extend  back  to  the 
Chllcotin  country,  a  region  from  which  Indians  have  brought  out  specimens 
of  coarse  placer  gold;  also  quartz  containing  free  gold.  But  little  prospecting 
has  been  done  on  Bute  Inlet,  the  claims  herein  referred  to  having  been  located 
within  the  past  few  months. 

The  Phillips  Arm  District  extends  from  Bute  Inltt  northwesterly  to  Lough- 
borough Inlet  thirty  miles  and  Includes  Valdez,  Thurlow  and  other  Islands 
-and  the  adjacent  mainland.  Between  this  district  and  Vancouver  Island  Is 
Johnstone's  Strait,  the  route  of  the  Seattle- Alaska  steamers;  while  between 
the  islands  and  the  mainland  is  Cardero  Channel,  with  sundry  channels  con- 
necting it  with  Johnstone's  Strait;  while  the  mainland  Is  intersected  by  Phil- 
lips Arm  and  Frederic  Arm,  each  four  or  five  miles  long.  The  district  affords 
exceptional  facilities  for  the  economical  handling  of  ore.  ,        .         . 

The  mountains  rise  sharply  from  the  waters'  edge,  attaining  elevation  of 
2  500  to  6.500  feet,  with  navigable  water  close  to  shore.  Surface  rocks  are 
e'hleflv  granite  and  syenite,  with  occasionally  some  dlorlte.  Two  slate  belts 
are  nromlnent,  also  a  body  of  limestone.  More  prospecting  and  exploration 
work  has  been  done  in  this  district  than  in  any  other  portion  of  the  coast 
region. 

The  chief  prospecting  to  date  has  been  by  canoe,  the  quartz  showing  at 
the  water's  edge,  and  to  a  large  extent  the  veins  are  capped  over,  the  Quarta 
w-eaklne  through  in  places.  The  veins  are  strong,  well  defined  and  readily 
traceable:  the  more  tL  country  Is  explored,  the  more  thoroughly  It  Is  found 
tnhfl  mineralized.  The  character  of  the  ore  varies  with  the  locality,  the 
westlrW  Kof  the  btlt  being  ouartz,  heavlly^charged  with  sulphurets  carry- 
k>g  gold,  sliver  and  usually  a  little  copper--the  latter  Increasing  with  deptK 
while  the  easterly  or  mainland  part  of  the  district  shows  more  copper  at  the 
surface.     Iron  is  present  In  all  ore  so  far  found.  .,,     ,, 

T-  T.,T,o  iRQi  T  T  Chambers  located  the  Tilly,  now  known  as  the  Alexan- 
^Hn    nn  ?h4  Snlknd  on  the  wes^  Phillips  Arm;  during  1894  and  1895, 

SJi^inartlcuKln  the  fall  of  1895.  Dan  Leahey.  Dan  McCallum  P.  J.  Smth. 
OeorKriloward  Mr.  Archibald.  Mr.  McNerhcny.  Walter  Moore.  Tom  O'Brien. 
A  T  Imlth^and  a  few  other  pioneers  In  the  district  made  a  number  of  loca- 
i^ons  chiefly  on  Valdez  Island,  abut'lng  Cardero  Channel  on  what  Is  locally 
♦LJ^;,?fhfi  "black  slate :'•  this  is  located  for  over  five  miles,  but  the  claimii 
termed  the  DiacK  siaie.  ""  ^^  within  a  few  months  assessment  work 
j!*''^,2orLne  L  a  numL^n  sorne  instances  developing  promising  working 
has  been  done  on  a  numoer.  m  Hu^  Seattle,  made  a  number  of  location* 

leads.  _,In  the  fall  f't^gflaQW  Willis,  of  Van(;ouver,  In  them.  The  Channa 
^inJnir^romrany"  of  VancouveV^.  C  w'aa  formed,  acquiring  the  Griffith  and 
?ome  otherprSpertleland  the  •company  did.  during  1S96,  a  large  amount  of 
deve!opnr.ent  work  ^         ,        ,^,„a  extending  over  a  mile  on  the  vein. 

The  Alexandria  ana  anjuiiuiiB  V  „.  j  j  Vancouver,  development  was 
having  passed  under  control  oj^J^^^Xtlnued  steadily,  except  for  an  Inter- 
Btarled  a^o'Jt  J«"uary  1.  1M6,  ?"^  ^^,^,f ""'^"rm  Mines  Company  being  formed 
r"'V'°".J?v*il»7'^  This  U»  the  rtritp^^^^^^^  »n  the  district  on  which  develop- 
in  January.  If®]- .  This  was  J"«  "^„^^  formation  shows  at  the  water  a  jyldth 
ment  work  was  done,  .The  mmerauzeo  ror .  ^^^^^^  ^^^^  „^  ^^^^ 

of  sixty-eight  feet.  A  tunnel  has  '"^^^^e^^^" ranging  from  fifteen  Inches  to 
straight  haok  from  tWe  water  the  I^aystreaKriiKi^  cross-cut  was  run 
over  fo.ir  feet  «"  ,;*«1th.  At  '^'^''^/^'^fX  entire  sixty-eight  feet  would 
across  the  formation.  Fu  ly  w  P^uenav  streak  Is  shlpp  ng  ore,  averaging 
^£jGri»'pSrTo^n.'''ffipro'irV  Sf-htt  about  100  "tUs.  and  U  making 


'mil 


ipft. 


ff 


^Ml^'' 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWBWT. 


■Qf^ll  re^rular  shipmeins.     An  air  compresaor  plant  will  be  eatabllahed  earljr 
tn  the  sprinK  nnri  the  development  of  the  property  pushed  actively. 

The  Channe  Mining  Company  was  the  next  to  commence  operations  andi 
ha«  done  more  development  work  than  any  other  company  In  the  district,  hay- 
ing: at  one  time  owned  some  fvtTity  claims.  On  the  Bobby  Burns  group,  on 
Valdez  Island,  the  development  to  date  Is: 

Bobby  Burns-Tunnel  80  feet,  open  cross-cut  36  feet,  open  cut  40  feet.  Tun- 
nel 12  feet,  open  cut  38  feet. 

Hetty  Oreen— Tunnel  50  feet,  shaft  30  feet;  tunnel  on  second  level  38  feet. 

Daniel  Webster— Shaft  32  feet. 

The  Poodle  Dog,  owned  by  this  company  and  situated  on  Channe  Island, 
ha,B  an  eighty-foot  t'.nnel.  The  IngersoU,  also  owned  by  the  same  company 
and  situated  on  the  easterly  side  of  Phillips  Arm.  shows  a  good  body  of 
chalcopyrlte  ore  carryJng  gold."  Development  work  Is  being  pushed,  there 
being  several  open  cuts  and  over  100  feet  of  tunnel  work. 

The  British  Columbia  Development  Company,  in  which  Lord  Sudley  is  a 
large  shareholder,  has  acquired  holdings  on  which  it  has  run  about  150  feet  o( 
tunnel. 

In  Septeml>er  last  Ernest  Grant-Govan,  of  London,  visited  the  district  and 
arranged  the  purciiase  of  a  number  of  properties  from  the  Channe  Mining 
Company,  by  the  Gold  Fields  of  British  Columbia  Company.  Mr.  Grant- 
Govan  is  managing  director  of  this  company  and  Is  understood  to  be  sn  route 
from  London,  the  head  office  of  the  company,  and  upon  his  arrival  a  thorough 
system  of  development  of  the  company's  holdings  will  be  Inaugurated. 

J.  Cobeldlck,  of  London,  representing  parties  whose  investments  In  mines 
In  South  Africa,  Australia  and  New  Zealand  amount  to  several  million  pounds 
sterling,  has  purchased  several  properties.  In  the  district,  the  most  important 
being  the  Mountain  Sheep  and  Portage  on  the  copepr  belt  back  of  Estero 
Basin.  The  ore  body  shows  on  the  Portage  over  100  feet  wide,  and  in  the  can- 
yon is  exposed  over  200  feet  high.  This  vein  was  discovered  by  Fred  Buker, 
of  Thurlow,  B.  C,  late  last  fall,  and  snow  fell  before  there  was  time  for  a 
thorough  examination.  Mr.  Cobeldlck,  however,  has  had  five  or  six  men  on 
the  Portage  for  the  past  six  weeks  and,  although  having  bad  weather  to  over- 
come, they  have  made  a  very  thorough  examination  of  the  ore  In  the  canyon. 
This  ore  body  consists  of  two  veins.  Next  to  the  dlorlte  foot  wall  Is  a  quart* 
ve?,n  twenty  to  twenty-five  feet  wide,  assaying  |4.50  to  $10  per  ton,  and  concen- 
trating more  than  twelve  to  one;  then  about  fifty  feet  of  granite;  then  ninety- 
six  feet  of  copper  ore,  a  few  feet  of  this  being  a  handsome  chalco-pyrlte  and  a 
shipping  ore.  The  balance  is  lower  grade  and  will  concentrate  from  eight  to 
fourteen  into  one,  a  cording  to  tests  made.  Mr.  Cobeldlck  has  started  a  tun- 
nel to  cross-cut  the  vein  matter  about  200  feet  below  the  outcrop.  He  leaves 
Boon  for  England  to  ponfer  with  his  associates  as  to  method  of  developing 
this  property,  which '  he  says  is  the  largest  body  of  ore  he  ever  saw.  He 
also  considers  that  to  work  it  to  the  best  advantage  requires  systematic  open- 
ing of  the  property  and  erection  of  an  extensive  plant,  It  being  the  purpose 
to  treat  the  ore  on  the  ground. 

R.  C.  Forsyth,  of  Chicago,  has  two  claims  on  the  same  vein  and  is  preparing 
to  open  them.  North  of  the  Cobeldlck  property  C.  S.  Douglas,  of  Vancouver, 
controls  two  claims;  next  to  these  are  three  claims  bwned  by  P.  J.  Smith  and 
Dan  McCallum,  of  Thurlow,  B.  C,  considered  to  be  fully  equal  to  the  Cobel- 
dlck property. 

The  formation,  as  shown  In  the  canyon  on  the  Portage,  is  a  footwall  of 
dlorlte,  slate  hanging  wall  and  back  of  the  slate,  granite;  on  the  surface  th» 
granite  overlies  the  vein  matter  and  accompanying  rock.  Ore  only  shows 
occasionally  on  the  surface,  except  In  gulches  or  other  places  where  erosion 
has  occurred. 

The  copper  properties  located  on  Jervls  Inlet,  Toba  Inlet,  Estero  Basin 
and  Loughborough  Inlet  are  practically  In  a  line,  although  covering  a  distance 
of  over  seventy  miles.  Before  the  close  of  1897  It  is  probable  that  the  Estero 
Basin  property  will  be  sufficiently  developed  to  give  an  Idea  of  Its  great  value. 

On  Valdez  Island,  near  the  Bobby  Burns  group,  the  Bully  Boy  and  Queen 
Bee.  both  very  promising  properties,  are  being  developed  by  Costello  &  Mc- 
Morran,  the  cannerymen,  associated  with  whom  are  Mr.  'Jrean,  Dr.  Carroll  and' 
Q.  B.  Harris,  prominent  Vancouvei  capitalists. 

There  Is  a  fifty-foot  shaft  on  the  Queen  Bee;  the  vein  Is  a  strong  on* 
three  and  one-half  feet  wide  and  assays  from  115  to  $150  In  gold. 

The  Channe  Mining  Company  5s  opening  the  White  Pine  on  Thurlow 
Island.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  140  feet,  cross-cutting  a  thirty-eight  inch  vein, 
and  Is  expected  to  soon  reach  8  second  vein  of  six  feet. 

The  Northern  Belle  Mining  Company,  of  Seattle,  owns  the  Electric  and 
Union  claims  on  Thnrlow  Island.  A  twenty-foot  shaft  has  been  sunk  on  th« 
Electric  In  an  eight-foot  vein  of  quartz  that  three  or  four  feet  from  the  sur- 
face assayed   over  $27. 

The  Beaver  Mining  Cv>r.ipan3r  ia  opening  the  All  Up  and  has  driven  a  tun- 
nel over  100  feet. 

Considerable  work  has  I  oen  done  on  the  Coon  near  Fanny  Bay,  the  Coon 
group  of  six  or  seven  claims  being  the  property  of  the  Fanny  Bay  Mining 
Company,  of  Vancouver.     This  '•ompany  owns  a  number  of  other  claims  la- 
the dlBtrlct,  on  which  more  or  less  development  work  has  been  done. 


MiKmd    IN    THE    PACfPiC    NORTH  WBST. 


llf-' 


k..*'^.^"in.^'' ?'  claims  were  located  on  Loughbofough  Inlet  late  In  tH*  »» 
buM>o  work  has  been  done.  Vei-y  fine  safiipl6'a  of  copper  were  brourfit  hi' 
rrOE^some  of  these  claltna. 

ji  JS°^h,^?^}^  ^^  ^°^^  °"  ^  ^^^^^  number  of  claims  throughout  thl8  diiktflM 
""'JBRP  "^''  '"  som^  Instances  on  an  extensive  scale. 

Tfiere  Is  a  steamer  service  from  Vancouver  to  Phillips  Arm  twice  a  week,  8. 
°v,P<?«»2,x  o'  "^"^  Union  Steamship  Company,  of  Vancouver,  lea:vlng  Vitf- 
co^ivet  Tuesdays  and  Fridays. 

^,T2»®  entire  Coast  District  affords  an  excellent  field  for  the  prosptect**, 
white  to  the  capitalist  seeklnB  a  safe  investment  in  mining.  It  oftlers  thfe  ni- 
ducement  of  large  bodies  of  low  grade  ores  that  will  pay  a  good  profit  AM 
situated  where  transportation  charges  are  so  light  as  to  be  merely  nomltiftL 
With  development,  the  district  is  showing  that,  in  addition  to  its  low  g'rafle 
ores,  It  also  possesses  higi  grade  ore  in  quantity  and  that,  while  the  aUStiy 
vaiiue  as  a  rule  Is  low  on  the  surface,  the  ores  increase  in  value  as  depth  u 
attained.  On  Tcxada  Island,  where  a  half  dozen  shafts  are  down  sixty  tim 
or  over,  the  "run  of  the  vein"  Is  over  $40  per  ton. 

HABBISON    LAKE. 

This  beautiful  body  of  water,  which  empties  into  the  Fraser  throngs 
Harrison  River  near  Agasslz  Station  «n  the  Canadian  Pacific  RaUroad,  htut 
until  recently  been  known  only  as  a  pWasure  and  health  resort,  «Ie  mlnera) 
springs  near  its  south  end  being  the  chief  attraction.  But  during  the  iaat 
summer  gold  and  silver-bearing  ore  was  found  on  the  steep  mountains  rlaliv 
from  Its  shores  and  it  Is  now  attracting  many  prospectors.  It  is  quite  ao- 
ceSBlble,  for  the  Canadian  Pacific  will  take  one  from  Vancouver  to  Agasste, 
seventy-one  miles,  and  a  dally  stage  runs  thence  to  the  Hot  Springs,  fl!v« 
miles.  From  Seattle  the  route  is  by  the  Seattle  &  International-and  CanadloJo 
Pacific  Railroads  to  Agasslz,  163  miles,  and  thence  by  stage.  The  lake  to 
navigable  for  steamers  and  durins  high  water  steamers  can  run  down  Harri- 
son River  into  Fraser  River  and  thence  to  the  ocean,  so  that  water  transpor- 
tation can  be  used  to  the  smelters  at  Everett  and  Tacoma. 

The  discoveries  were  only  made  last  summer,  but  already  development  la 
In  progress  with  a  view  to  shipping  this  summer  from  one  property.  This  It 
the  Providence  and  Silver  Bell,  on  the  west  shore  of  the  lake,  twenty-thret 
miles  from  Hot  Springs.  An  accidental  discovery  of  silver  in  a  piece  of  flOOtt 
by  James  Trethewey  led  his  father,  Joseph  O.  Trethewey,  to  have  It  assayed 
and  It  was  found  to  carry  »ia4.74  gold  and  silver.  Prospecting  caused  th« 
discovery  of  a  ledge  of  gray  quartzlte,  traced  up  the  mountain  through  tbrat 
claims.  A  carload  of  surface  ore  was  snipped  last  fall  to  the  Everett  smelter 
and  returned  $28  gold  and  sliver,  being  found  particularly  acceptable,  as  It 
contained  considerable  lime.  The  two  claims  named  are  now  owned  by  th« 
Providence  Mining  &  Developing  Company,  which  proposes  to  sink  fifty  feet 
on  the  ledge  and  drift  300  feet  Into  the  mountain,  thus  gaining  150  feet  In  depth. 
Much  higher  assays  have  been  obtained  a  few  feet  below  the  surface  and  • 

Sarallel  ledge  twenty  feet  wide  has  been  discovered,  assaying  from  a  few 
oUars  to  $155,  chiefly  In  gold.  .  .      ^       ^  .     .  ^     .^ 

The  Star,  on  the  extension  up  the  mountain,  has  been  acquired  by  th» 
Harrison  Lake  Star  Mining  Company  and  will  also  be  developed  this  year. 


THE    SMELTEBS. 

Th«  distance  of  the  Pacific  Northwest  from  the  smelting  centers  and  tb« 
comparatively  low  grade  of  the  bulk  of  the  ores  have  combined  to  Induce  tht 
•rectlon  of  smelters  In  this  section,  within  easy  distance  of  the  mines.  Th* 
smelters  at  Pilot  Bay  and  Nelson,  British  Columbia,  were  erected  men 
oartlcularly  to  treat  the  ores  produced  from  the  mines  of  the  companlet 
which  own  them,  although  they  also  do  some  amount  of  customs  busineai. 
These  smelters  have  been  briefly  described  In  connection  with  the  mlnee  d 
which  they  are  an  adjunct.  There  are  also  three  large  smelters,  which  do  » 
mainly  customs  business,  at  Everett  and  Tacoma.  Wash.,  and  TraH,  B.  C, 

The  Everett  smelter  w^.s  erected  by  the  Puget  Sound  Reduction  Company 
at  a  cost  of  nearly  $250,000.  and  stands  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Snohomlirt 
River  near  the  point  at  Everett.  In  addition  to  the  usual  crushing  and 
■araDlIng  mill.  It  has  two  roe  sting  furnaces  of  a  combined  capacity  of  eighty 
tons  In  twenty-four  hours,  and  a  third  Is  under  construction,  of  seventy-fl*» 
tons  dally  capacity.  Ore  is  also  roasted  in  heaps  in  the  open  air,  when 
Beceasltv  reaulres.  The  smelting  is  done  in  three  forty-two  Inch  water-jacket 
bfastfu^naTs.  to  which  the  blast  is  furnished  by  No.  7  Root  blowers.  Only 
two  furnaces  are  now  in  operation,  for  lack  of  sufficient  roasting  capacity, 
Sa  thramount  of  cTude  ore  treated  dally  la  slightly  under  200  tons.     Tto* 


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1«8 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    f^ORTHWEST. 


woiilil  b«  greater  If  more  oxidized  ores  could  be  procured  and  wilt  be  increaaed 
to  :«X)  tons  as  soon  as  the  completion  of  the  new  roaster  permits  the  third 
funiMt-e  to  be  blown  In.  The  two  sampling  mills  have  a  combined  dally 
capiiclty  of  400  tons,  so  that  they  can  supply  a  much  larger  roasting  ana 
furriiiif  plant.  The  smeller  Is  now  treating  sulphide  ore  from  the  Le  Rol 
tnlnf  In  Trail  Creek,  galena  ore  from  the  SIbcan  district,  concentrates  from 
Monte  Crlsto  and  low  grade  silver  ore  from  the  Broken  HIIJ  mine  in  Australia, 
t>eHltlt»  miscellaneous  shipments  from  various  parts  of  Washington,  British 
Coliinihia  and  Alaska. 

The  Tacoma  smelting  works,  owned  by  the  Tacoma  Smelting  &  Reflning 
Coni('i«ny,  are  on  the  water  front  between  Tacoma  and  Point  Defiance  park. 
It  hai!<  a  lartje  crushing  and  sampling  works,  a  roasting  furnace  for  treating 
suli'liiile  ores  and  two  furnnces  with  a  capacity  of  160  tons  a  day,  while  the 
building  has  capacity  for  three  more  stacks.  The  product  of  this  plant,  like 
thai  of  the  Everett  works,  is  lead  bullion  and  copper  matte,  in  which  gold  and 
silver  lire  carried  hy  the  baser  metals. 

The  smelter  of  the  l?rltlsh  Columbia  Smelting  &  Refining  Company  la 
iltt.ited  on  a  bluff  overlooking  the  Columbia  River  at  the  mouth  of  Trail 
C^reek.  It  has  a  sampling  mill  of  l.">0  to  200  tons  daily  capacity,  an  automatlo 
jaiiiniiig  furnaie  of  fifty  tons  dally  capacity  and  six  circular  calclners,  a 
lust  iliamber  ISO  feet  long,  four  reverberatory  furnaces  with  a  capacity  of 
foit>  tons  each  In  twenty-four  hours,  a  circular  water-jacket  furnace  of 
fon.v-live  to  Bfty-tive  tons  caiuuily,  and  a  200-ton  rectangular  blast  furnace. 
Two  engines  of  sIxty-Hve  and  forty  horse-power  operate  the  machinery. 
.Adiliiions  made  recently  and  now  under  construction  will  Increase  the  ca- 
paeliy  to  SCO  t»  400  tons  a  day  and  a  refinery  is  also  being  erected. 

All  these  three  smelters  have  both  rnll  and  water  transportation.  The 
Everett  smelter  is  on  deep  water  near  Puget  Sound  and  is  reached  by  the 
3rtiit  .Vorthern  im<)  F\erett  »*l  Monte  Cristo  Railroads,  the  latter  connecting 
:»itti  the  Northern  raoKic  and  Canadian  Pacific  through  the  Seattle  &  Inter- 
lation.il  The  Tacoma  smelter  Is  on  deep  water  on  Puget  Sound  and  the 
Nontiern  Pacific  tracks  enter  the  plant.  The  Trail  amolter  Is  entered  by  the 
Coliiniliia  *  Western  narrow  gauge  railroad  from  Rossland,  and  has  the 
naxiiuiilile  Cohimbhi  River  at  Its  front,  with  the  Nelson  &.  Fort  Sheppard  Rail- 
.rojitl  on  the  opposite  hank,  by  which  connection  is  obtained  with  the  Northera 
Paeitic.  Oreat  Northern  and  Unkn  Pacific  Railroads.  The  Columbia  River 
*ieiiii..Ts  Klve  connection  with  the  Canadian  Pacific  system. 

The  erection  of  smelters  at  Northtiort,  Wash.,  and  Vancouver,  B.  C,  la 
il.»o  projeeted.  the  former  being  designed  to  treat  both  sllver-leau  and  pyrltlo 
we  Construction  Is  delayed  however,  pending  the  action  of  Congress  on  the 
dtii.x  on  sHver-lead  ores,  of  whleh  the  chief  supply,  for  the  present  at  lea«t, 
would  cone  frein  the  Slocan  district. 


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MINING    TN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


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DIGEST  OF  THE   MINLNG  LAWS   OF   THE   ITNI'.TSD   STATES, 
WASHINGTON    AND    BRITISH    COLUMBIA. 

By  Melvln  G.  Wlnstock,  Attorney.  Seattle,  Wash. 

««.3ll®"®^®'"  "  ^?^^^  '^''•''*"'  concerning  any  questions  relative  to  an  Intereat 
ooMult  a  responsible  attorney,  if  his  advice  Is  worth  ha\'lng.  he  will  ckaimt 
you  a  fee,  but  In  the  end  this  will  prove  an  economy.  Don't  Mttenrot  lo 
draw  your  own  legal  contracts.  Many  a  fortune  has  been  lost  in  the  attempt 
or  the  mining  man  to  be  his  own  lawyer. 

Definitions. 

Ore,— Certain  minerals  In  their  natural  condition. 

Mlneral.-That  which  Is  secured  from  a  mine,  from  rv  wklng  In  the  ermamA. 
«nd  legally  It  Includes  f?alt,  coal  and  similar  substance*. 

Lode  or  Vein.— A  llattened  mass  of  metallic  or  earthy  matter,  a  flaeuM  is 
the  earth's  crust  filled  with  mineral  matter. 

A   Mine.— A   way  or  passage  under  ground. 

Vein  or  Tunnel.— The  first  working  vein  found  In  the  tuaael. 
*  Location.— The  act  of  appropriating  a  parcel  of  land  according  to  oertalB 
established  rules.     A  mining  claim  may  contain  one  or  more  JoenttOTn 

LAWS    OF    THE     aNITED    STATES. 

Who  May  Locate. 

Mineral  lands  are  open  to  exploration  and  purchase  by  all  dtlzene  at  tte 
United  States  without  n  gard  to  sex  and  those  who  have  declared  their  ts- 
tentlon  to  embrace  citizenship.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  In  the  XJuMmC 
States  and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  and  none  others,  axe  citUeBe. 

What  Lands  May  Be  Located. 

The  right  to  mine  can  be  given  only  in  public  lands,  and  said  lands  omat 
eontain  valuable  mineral  deposits. 

Extent  of  Ground  Open  to  Location. 

No  claim  located  shall  exceed  ±,500  feet  along  the  vein  nor  shall  It  ^eeefll 
too  feet  on  each  side  of  the  middle  of  the  vein  at  the  surface. 

It  Is  not  necessary  that  the  locator  should  be  present  on  the  groHni. 
One  may  locate  as  agent  for  another. 

Description. 
The  location  must  be  along  the  vein  or  lode,  It  must  be  distinctly  market 
on  the  ground  so  that  its  boundaries  can  be  correctly  traced,  that  the  reeort 
contain  reference  to  some  natural  object  or  permanent  monument  to  ideatUy 
the  claim  and  that  all  the  lines  shall  be  parallel.  Remaining  details  are 
governed  by  rules  and  regulations  established  by  the  miners  of  each  district 
not  Inconsistent  with  national  or  state  laws. 

Extent  of  Work  Necessary. 
One  hundred  dollars'  worth  of  labor  shall  be  performed  on  Improvement* 
made  each  year.  Where  there  are  several  owners  and  one  or  more  fails  to 
do  his  share,  he  must  be  served  with  a  personal  notice  or  by  publication  in  m 
newspaper  published  nearest  the  claim,  once  a  week  for  ninety  days.  If  at 
the  expiration  of  such  time  said  delinquent  shall  fall  to  do  or  perform  lite 
Share,  then  his  Interest  becomes  the  property  of  such  of  his  co-owners  tm 
have  performed  the  amount  of  work  required  by  law. 

How  to  Obtain  a  Patent. 

Applicant  must  file  in  the  proper  Land  Office  an  application  for  a  pateat 
under  oath,  showing  a  compliance  with  the  law.  He  must  file  also  a  plat 
and  field  notes  of  the  claim  or  claims  In  common,  made  by  or  under  the  diree- 
tlon  of  the  Surveyor  General,  showing  accurately  the  boundaries,  which  slutl 
be  distinctly  marked  bv  monuments  on  the  ground,  and  shall  post  a  copy  oC 
such  plat,  together  with  a  notice  of  such  application  for  a  patent.  In  a 
consnlt  uous  place  on  the  land  or  claim  In  question.  This  posting  must  be 
done  ptior  to  the  filing  of  the  application  for  a  patent.  He  must  aMo  itte, 
when  he  applies  for  his  patent,  ihe  aflldnvlt  of  at  least  two  persons  that  suob 
notice  .has  been  duly  posted  together  with  an  exact  copy  of  sucli  notice. 

The  Register  of  the  Land  Office  then  causes  to  be  published  in  a  news- 


A 


^IH  MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 

paper,  by  him  designated  as  the  neaieut  to  the  claim,  for  sixty  days,  a  notlo« 
that  such  appltcrntlon  for  u  patent  has  been  made.  He  must  for  the  Bame 
period  also  post  such  notice  In  his  office.  - 

At  the  time  of  filing  his  application,  or  within  sixty  days,  ciflimant  must 
file  with  the  register  a  certificate  of  the  surveyor  general  that  $500  worth  of 
UHbor  has  been  exp«»hdcd  ori  Improvements  made  upon  the  claim  by  himself 
or  grantors,  that  the  plat  Is  correct  and  shall  give  such  other  description  as 
Is  necessary  for  Identlflcatlon,  to  be  Incorporated  In  the  patent.  At  the 
aiyi  of  sixty  days  claimant  must  file  his  affldavlt  showing  that  plat  and  notice 
■bsve  been  posted  In  a  conspicuous  place  on  claim  during  the  period  of  publi- 
cation. If  no  adverse  claim  Is  filed  within  said  sixty  days,  the  law  assumes 
the  applicant  to  be  entitled  to  his  patent  upon  payment  to  the  proper  officer 
pf  |5  per  acre,  for  the  land  embraced  within  the  claim. 

How  to  Make  an  Adverse  Claim 

When  an  adverse  cinim  Is  made  during  the  sixty  dy?  period  of  publica- 
tion, it  must  be  under  oath  of  the  person  or  persons  making  the  same  and 
•hall  show  the  nature,  boundaries  and  extent  of  such  adverse  claim  and  all 
l^roceedlngs,  except  publication  of  notice  and  filing  affidavits  thereof,  are 
•tayed  until  the  controversy  Is  settled  by  a  court  of  competent  jurisdiction  or 
the  adverse  claim  Is  waived.  Within  thirty  days  after  filing  adverse  claim, 
contesting  party  shall  begin  proceedings  to  determine  the  question  of  rl0bt 
of  possession  and  shall  prosecute  the  same  with  reasonable  diligence  to  nnal 
Judgment.  Failure  so  to  do  operates  as  a  waiver.  After  such  Judgment,  the 
ttarty  entitled  to  possession  may  file  with  the  register  a  certified  copy  of  the 
Jadgment  roll,  together  with  a  certificate  from  the  surveyor  general  that 
the  requisite  amount  of  labor  has  been  done  on  the  claim  and  the  description 
required  In  other  cases,  shall  pay  to  the  register  $5  per  acre  of  such  claim, 
whereupon  the  whole  proceedings  and  Judgment  roll  shall  be  certified  by  the 
register  to  the  general  land  commissioner  and  the  patent  issues. 

Before  Whom  Oaths  May  Be  Taken. 

All  affidavits  required  under  the  mining  laws  of  the  United  States  may  be 
made  before  any  officer  authorized  to  administer  oaths  within  the  land  dis- 
,  trlct  where  the  claim  may  be  situated,  and  all  proofs  may  be  taken  before 
any  such  officer. 

Miscellaneous. 

The  owner  of  a  quartz  mill  or  reduction  works  not  owning  a  mine  In 
connection  therewith  may  also  receive  a  patent  for  his  mill  site,  at  16  per 
acre. 

No  one  individual  can  enter  or  locate  upon  more  than  160  acres  nor  c^n  an 
aaoociation  enter  upon  more  than  320  acres. 

The  government  before  patent  issues  requires  payment  for  mining  land 
at.  the  rate  of  $10  per  acre  where  claim  is  situated  more  than  fifteen  miles 
tPom  a  railroad,  and  $20  per  acre  where  such  claim  is  located  less  than  fifteen 
miles  from  such  railroad. 


WASHINCtTON     CININO    LAWS. 

In  the  State  of  Washington  there  is  a  mining  board  constotlng  of'  the 
Bovernor,  lieutenant  governor  and  the  btate  treasurer,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  collect  Information  concerning  the  i^roduction  of  all  precious  and  rmejnil 
■rtnerals  of  the  state,  and  to  perform  sich  otner  duties  as  Will  adva&oe  the 
mineral  interests. 

Hinlng  Claim  Governed  by  Law  in  Forpe  at  Time  of  IjitQ^t^tlf^:^ 
All  mining  claims  upon  veit.s  or  lode.i  of  quartz  or  other  roclj:  in  i^9/>e> 
t>earing  gold,   silver  or  other  valuable  ninerul  deposits  heretoforA  lopkiM, 
shall  be  governed  as  to  length  along  the  v<')in  or  lode  by  the  cimton^,  r«^4|ui- 
tlons  and  laws  in  force  at  the  date  of  sucl,  looation. 

Form  and  Extent  of  Miniug  Claim  Limited. 
A  mining  claim  located  upon  any  vein  or  lode  of  quartz  or  other  rock  la 
iplace,  bearing  gold,  silver  or  other  valuable  mineral  depostta^  d4itfit  tlie 
approval  of  this  act  by  the  governor,  whethetr  located:  by  one  or  moieiinMr- 
sons,  may  ef<ual,  but  shall  not  exceed,  1,500  feet  in  lenirth  alaiOK  tha  wetn  er 
lode;  but  no  location  of  a  mining  claim  shall  be  made  UDtU  the-  dlMaKei3r<oC 
the  vein  or  lode  within  the  limits  of  the  claims  located.  Ne  c^'i^lni  shall  ax- 
tend  more  than  300  feet  on  each  side  <^  the  middle  of  the  vete  at  tlua  suataoe. 
Dor  shall  any  claim  be  limited  by  any  mining  regulation  to  leea  than 'iUi|ir.4eet 
of  surface  on  each  side  of  the  middle  of  such  vein  or  lode,  &t  tlM  suvta^i 
excepting  where  adverse  rlghta,  existing  at  the  ds<te  of  the-«pi)iyMral.  edt  tMs 
tact,  shall  make  such  limitation  necessary.  The  end  Unofi  9^  ahbJi -daim  shall. 
<tM  parallel  to  each  other. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


m 


Bight  of  Possession  of  Mining  Claims. 
The  locators  of  all  mlnlnK  locations  heretofore  made,  or  hereafter  made 
under  the  provlslona  of  this  chapter,  on  any  mineral  vein,  lode,  or  ledge  on 
the  public  domain,  and  thtlr  heirs  and  assigns,  so  long  us  they  comply  with 
the  laws  of  the  United  States  and  the  state  and  local  laws  relating  thereto, 
■hall  have  the  exclusive  right  to  the  possession  and  enjoyment  of  all  surface 
Included  within  the  lines  of  their  location,  and  of  all  veins,  lodes  and  ledges 
throughout  their  entire  depth  and  the  top  or  apex  of  which  lies  within  the 
surface  lines  of  such  location,  extending  downward  vertically,  although 
such  veins,  lodes  or  ledges  may  ao  far  depart  from  the  perpendicular  In  their 
course  downward  as  to  extend  outside  of  the  vertical  side  line  of  said  surface 
Location. 

Work  Bequired  on  Mining  Claims — Local  Begrulations. 

The  miners  of  each  mining  district  may  make  any  rules  and  regulations 
froverning  this  (the)  location  and  amount  of  worli  necessary  to  hold  posaea- 
Bion  of  a  mining  claim,  not  In  conflict  with  the  laws  of  the  United  States  or 
of  this  state;  but  on  each  claim  it  shall  be  necessary  to  do  at  least  |100  worth 
of  work  each  year  and  the  tlrst  year  shall  date  from  the  date  of  location  of 
such  claim.  A  failure  to  comply  with  this  requirement  shall  work  a  forfeit- 
ure of  the  claimant's  right  to  such  claim,  and  the  same  shall  become  subject 
to  relocation. 

Becorder  of  Mining  Districts — Becords  of. 
The  miners  of  each  mining  district  may  elect  a  recorder  of  the  said 
district.  When  so  elected,  such  recorder  shall  provide  books  of  record,  In 
which  it  shall  be  his  duty  to  record  all  notices  of  locations  or  transfers, 
bonds,  conveyances  or  assignments  of  mining  claims  within  his  district  when 
the  same  shall  be  presented  to  him  for  record.  Such  records  are  public  rec- 
ords, open  to  inspection,  and  shall  have  the  same  force  and  effect,  ao  far  as 
notice  is  concerned,  as  the  record  of  deeds  and  mortgages. 

Election,  Powers  and  Duties  of  Becorder. 

Wlien  a  recorder  shall  be  elected,  he  shall  hold  his  office  for  a  term  of  one 
year  from  the  date  of  his  election,  and  until  his  successor  is  elected  and  quali- 
fied. He  shall,  immediately  after  his  election,  file  with  the  county  auditor  of 
the  county  In  which  his  district  is  situated,  an  oath  to  the  effect  that  he  will 
faithfully  discharge  the  duties  of  his  office.  He  shall  be  a  certifying  officer, 
and  certified  copies  of  his  records  shall  have  the  same  force  and  effect  aa 
similar  papers  certified  by  other  officers  of  this  state.  His  fees  shall  be  the 
■ame  as  those  of  the  county  auditor  for  similar  work,  and  should  the  office  of 
recorder  of  any  mining  district  at  any  time  become  vacant,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  person  last  holding  said  office,  and  of  any  person  into  whoae 
noasesslon  the  same  may  come,  to  forthwith  transmit  all  records,  papers  and 
Slea  of  said  office  to  the  auditor  of  the  county  In  which  said  district  la  located, 
wid  such  auditor  sha'l  thereafter  keep  the  same  as  part  of  the  records  and 
flies  of  bin  office. 

Location  Notices,  Etc.,  to  Be  Becorded  by  County  Auditoi:, 

All  location  notices,  bonds,  assignments  and  transfOTS  at  mining  clftlins 
■haU  ba  recorded  In  the  office  of  the  county  auditor  of  the  county  whera Jme 
ISme  la  sHuatcd.  within  thirty  days  after  the  execution  thereof;  proyi^. 
^at  all  recoMs  of  nrinlng  claims  and  of  as^nments,  deeds,  bonds  &j0 
^nafers  heretofore  made  (that  Is  prior  to  ISffl)  by  any  recorder  of  Any 
fi^Ui*  district,  or  by  any  county  auditor,  are  valid. 

Aliens. 

Aliens  are  not  prohibited  from  acquiring  mineral  land*. 

Water  for  Mlninjg. 
The  use  of  the  waters  of  this  state  for  irrigation,  mining,  and  manufao- 
turing  purposes  is  deemed  a  public  use. 

B«i8i9«  C9T  ftiAt,  AU,  fioal. 
Borlnir  for  salt.  «*  and  coal  may  be  done  by  the  county  commissioners 
by  ?ped^  ta*  levy,  on  presentment  of  proper  petition  and  after  election  la 
-:^vor  of  the  same. 

Taxation  of  Mines  and  Jltolng  Fropeyty. 

fitates  are  subject  to  taxation.      .     ^      ,.  ♦ 

il"f.'*'i?!!uSd"aSS**et"c?  ln^'th?toprovementa  thereon  shall  be 
a«|l"dlt%e''pricraf  wh%h  t^^^  would^sell  at  a  fair  voluntary  sale 

-i^onsh. 


ii.A 


172 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC     NORTHWEST. 


Miner's  Li«n. 

All  persons  doing  work  upon  or  furnishlnK  mat«trlaln  for  mtnen  or  mliilns 
claims  nave  a  lien  upon  tne  same  for  the  worjc  done  or  matHrlals  furnished. 

Contractors  and  builders  are  deemed  agt^nts  of  owners. 

The  claim  of  lien  must  be  tiled  with  the  county  auditor  within  ninety  day* 
from  the  time  of  last  work  doi.u  or  last  materials  furnlshod. 

A  lien  binds  property  for  eight  months  unless  proceedlnga  be  comraenoed 
or  time  be  extended. 

Evidence. 

Certified  copies  of  recorded  Instruments  are  received  In  evidence  the  same 
•a  the  originals. 

Mining  recorders  and  county  auditors  may  certify  copies  of  Instrumentft 
of  record  concerning  mines  and  the  same  may  be  used  In  evidence. 

Crimes. 

The  fraudulent  sale  of  mines,  or  salting  or  misrepresenting  to  accomplisb 
the  sale,  Is  a  felony. 

Fraudulently  changing  samples  or  assays  with  Intent  to  defraud,  la 
felony. 

Making  or  giving  a  false  assay  or  sample  with  Intent  to  d*>fraud  Is  felony. 

Robbing  a  vein,  sluice-box,  quart7.-mlll,  etc.,  or  trespassing  upon  a  mining 
claim  with  Intent  to  commit  a  felony,  is  felony. 

Deed  of  Mining  Claim,  XJuited  States. 

THIS  INDENTURE.  Made  the day  of 

in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety 

BETWEEN    


.the  part....  of  the  first  part,  and 


part. 


of 


the  part of  the  second  part,  WITNESSETH:     That  the  said 

the  first  part,  for  and  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of  

DOLLARS of   the   United 

Stn'ss  of  America,  to  In  hand  paid  by  the  said  part of  the 

second  part,   the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  ha granted, 

barsnined,   sold,    remised,    released   and    forever  quit   claimed,    and   by    these 

presents  do grant,  bargain,   sell,    remise,   release  and   forever  quit-claim 

unto  the  said  part of  the  second  part,  and  heirs  and  assigns. 


TOGETHER  with  all  the  dips,  spurs  and  angles,  and  also  all  the  metals, 
ores,  gold  and  silver-bearing  quartz,  rock  and  earth  therein;  and  all  the 
rights,  prlvllegea  and  franchises  thereto  Incident,  appendant  and  appur- 
tenant, or  therewith  usually  had  and  enjoyed;  and,  also,  ail  and  singular  the 
tenements,  hereditaments  and  appurtenances  thereunto  belonging  or  In  any- 
wise appertaining,  and  the  rents,  Issues  and  profits  thereof;  and.  also,  all 
the  estate,  rlsht.  title.  Interest,  property.  poHsesslon,  claim  and  demand 
whatsoever,  aa  well  In  law  as  In  equity,  of  the  said  part of  the  first 

Sart,  of.  In  or  to  the  said  premises,  and  every  part  and  parcel  thereof,  with 
le  appurtenances. 


TO  HAVE  AND  TO  HOLD,  all  and  singular,  the  said  premises,  together 
with  the  appurtenances  and  privileges  thereunto  Incident,  unto  the  said 
part of  the  second  part,  heirs  and  assigns  forever. 

IN  WITNESS   WHEREOF,   the  said   part of  the   first   part   ha.... 

hereuiito  set  '. '.'.'."•'.*. '.V.'.'.U'handV.'.V  and  Beal'.'.'.*."t'he  day  and  year  first  above 

written. 

Signed,  Sealed  and  Delivered  in  the  Presence  of 


.(Seal.) 
.(Seal.  I 
.(Seal.  I 
.(Seal.  I 
.(SeaL) 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


in 


of 


Location  Cei-tiflcat&— Lode  Claim. 

Know  all  men  by  these  protents,  that  I,  

of  the  county  of  State  of  claim  by  right  of  dis- 
covery and  location  fpet,  linear  and  hoiizontHi  measurement,  on 

the  lode,  along  the  vein  thereof,  with  nil  Us  dips,  variations  and 

anKles;  together  with  ftet  In  width  on  each  aide  of  the  middle  of 

said  vi'ln  at  the  surface,  and  all   veins,  lodes,  ledges,  deposits  an  J  surface 

ground  within  the  lines  of  said  claim;   feet  on  said  lode  running 

from  the  center  of  the  discovery  shaft,  and  feet  running 

from  said  center  of  discovery  shaft. 

Said  claim  1b  situated  In  the  of  ,  In   mining 

district,  county  of  Sta^e  of  ,  and  Is  bounded  and 

described  as  follows:    

Date  of  discovery, ,  189..    Staked  and  located 189..    Date 

of  certificate 189.. 

AttuBt:  

>s  a  part  of  this  form,  and  in  addition  to  the  data  therein  given,  the 
claimant  Is  required  to  ft'  te  the  names  of  adjoining  claims,  and  if  none  ad- 
join, the  relative  posltloio  of  those  nearest,  or  show  by  affidavit  or  otherwise 
why  this  Is  not  done.    This  is  an  essential  requirement. 

This  notice  must  be  recorded  In  the  office  of  the  mining  recorder  and  in 
the  office  of  the  auditor  of  the  county  In  which  claim  Is  situate. 

Location  Certificate — Placer  Claim. 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that  I 

the  undersigned  citizen  of  the  United  States,  resident  of  the  county  of 
and  State  of  having  compiled  with  the  provi- 
sions of  chapter  6,  title  32  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  and 
with  local  customs,  law.«<  and  regulations,  claim  by  right  of  discovery  an,1 
location,  as  a  placer  claim,  the  following  premises  situate,  lying  and  being  In 

mining  district  (or  county),  county  of  and  State  or 

,  to  wit:     (Description.) 

To  be  known  as  :    (Name.) 

Located 189...     Date  of  Certificate 189... 

Contract  to  Sell  and  to  Buy. 

I    vendor,  hereby  agree  to  sell  to  •  . 

and  I purchaser,  agree  to  buy  of  the  said 

the lode  mining  claim,  situate,  etc 

The  agreed  consideration  of  said  sale  Is  % cash  In  hand  paid,  the  re- 
ceipt whereof  Is  hereby  acknowledged;  $ to  be  paid  within dayil 

from  the  date  hereof,  and  $ within days  from  such  date,  making 

*  ^B'ald''v^ndory°^\°hln^f;.^^■:.^.  days  from  date,  will  deliver  to  purchaser  or 
his  attorney  an  abstract  of  title  duly  certified  by  the  clerk  and  recorder  of 
■aid  county,  or  by  some  reputable  abstract  office  together  with  all  the  original 
title  papers  which  are  In  his  possession  or  within  his  power  to  prpduce. 

And  within  said  time  will  place  In  escrow  In a  good  and  sufflclent 

warranty  deed  conveying  to  said or  such  person  as  he  shaU 

nominate,  the  said  premises,  clear  of  encumbrances,  to  be  by ';;'°h  •.•■.. •.•:;•:• 
held  In  escrow  until  Anal  payment  be  made  under  this  contract   or  defauU  U 
made  under  the  same.     Deposit  with  said  •••••••:"•••:  ^o  the  credit  c.  venaor 

■hall  be  eaulvalent  to  payment  of  any  said  installment.  

Time  la  the  eMence  of  this  contract  as  to  each  and  every  Instalim^rt,  and 
»f  ftnv  installment  or  Installments  be  not  paid  within  the  time  or  times  hereby 
llmUed  therS  all  prevlouVln.stallments  shall  be  and  remain  the  property 
l»  ill^  «onHnr  Vh«  deed  in  escrow  shall  be  returned  to  him  for  cancellation, 
Snrt.hAnronertyshafi  remain  h^^^^  unaffected  and  unencumbered  by  thU 
^^ntrart*^  Xt  If  he  fa\f  to  delWer  at.atract  within  said  period,  or  to  deposit 
Sr^  .f^Pd  m  escrow  or  f  his  title  prove  encumbered  or  otherwl.'^e  not  inarket- 
Shle  vendee  S^ecovVr  any  an^  Installments  paid,  or  may  sue  for  spe- 
Slflc'performS  and  for  a  perfect  title,  or  for  damages,  or  otherwise  ^  h« 

'^^Vunew'^'thS-hand.  and  seal,  of  «ald  parties  thl day  of  

A.  D.  (Seal.) 

!!!"!"!..! (SeaL) 

Bond  and  Ajrreement  for  Sale. 
Thl.  agreement  m.de  and  «n|,fSe'^Snty  of' •.•.•.'.•..  .*^.  BtaVe  of-.V.^!!!::: 
te^.^Si-r  fli^t-Hnnrand;^^^^^.  of  the  county  of  

ih9  said   Pn'-tr--  "'  *t?,^!?°"ay  Srcause  to  he  nald  to  the  «Hld  part....  of 
'^O"* /'It  *'"!.•«*' t*'  ^        (I      )  dollars  \n  gold  coin,  he  will,  upoa 


'  ^  ' 


i-    ,' 


■1 


lH' 


M1N«]»&    IfT  -mE    PACIJWC    WOI«"^WB«P. 


second  part  the  title  to  all  of  th..  certain  lot,  piece  or  psroel  of  land  sUuatCL 

lying  and  being  in  the  county  of  State  of  bounJed  OMa 

parOTJUlarly  described  as  follows,  to  wit:     

The  said  part.,  of  the  first  part  further  agree.,  that  the  said  part of 

the  second  part agents,  employes  or  assigns  may  at  any  time  durlngt 

said  period  of enter  upon  said  premises  and  work,  mine  and  prospcKst 

the  same  in  such  manner  as  may  deem  best,  and  mill  any  ore  that 

may  be  taken  therefrom  (provided  all  work  done  thereon  shall  be  done  In  a 

good,,  workmanlike  manner),  and  may  place  thereon  (and  remove  at  

pleasure)  such  machinery  and  fixtures  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  convenient 
working  thereof. 

The  .said  part of  the  second  part  hereby  agree.,  that  In  the  working:. 

mining  or  prospecting  of  said  premises  will  not  suffer  or  permit  any 

lien  to  attach  thereto  for  or  in  consequence  of  any  indebtedness  may 

incur  for  labor,  materials  or  Improvements  may  employ,  purchase  or 

place  upon  said  premises  during  the  said  period  of    ;  and  that  in  caso 

they  shall  fail  to  pay  or  cause  to  be  paid  to  said  part of  the  first 

part  the  said  sum  of  $ within  said  period  of  will,  at  th« 

expiration  of  said  period  of  time,  quit  and  surrender  to  said  part  of  the 

first  part  the  said  premises,  and  will  within  days  thereafter  remove 

any  machinery  ard  fixtures  that  may  have  placed  thereon. 

It  Is  mutually  understood  and  agreed  that  the  stipulations  and  agreements 
herein  contained  shall  apply  to  and  bind  the  heirs,  executors,  admlni."itratora 
and  assigns  of  the  respective  parties  hereto. 

In  witness  whereof,  the  said  parties  have  hereunto  set  their  hands  and 
Beals  the  day  and  year  first  above  written. 

(Seal.) 

(Seal.) 

,  (Seal.) 

How  to  Incorporate  a  Company. 

Under  the  laws  of  uie  State  of  Washington  any  two  or  more  persons  may 
make  and  subscribe  written  artit  les  of  inccrporation  in  tripllcjte,  and 
acknowledge  the  same  before  any  oflicer  authorized  to  take  acknowledgement 
of  deeds.  One  copy  must  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  state,  one  in 
the  office  of  the  auditor  of  the  county  in  which  the  principal  place  of  bu.sinesa 
of  the  corporation  is  to  be  located,  the  other  remaining  in  the  possession  of 
the  corporation.  Said  ai  deles  shall  state  the  corporate  name  of  the  company, 
the  object  for  which  the  same  shall  be  formed,  the  amount  of  its  ca3ltai 
Btock,  the  time  of  its  existence,  not  to  exceed  fifty  years,  the  number  of 
shares  of  which  the  capital  stock  shall  consist,  the  number  of  trustees  and 
their  names,  who  shall  manage  the  concerns  of  the  company  for  such  length 
of  time  (not  less  than  two  nor  more  than  s'x  months)  as  may  be  designated  tn 
Buch  certificate,  and  the  hame  of  the  city,  town  or  locality  and  county  In 
which  the  principal  place  of  business  of  the  company  is  to  be  located.  No 
corporation  shall  commence  business  or  Institute  proceedings  to  condemn 
land  for  corporate  purposes  until  the  whole  amount  of  its  capital  stock  shall 
have  been  subscribed  for.  Stock  of  corporations  is  deemed  pei-sonal  prop- 
erty. 

BBITISH    COLUMBIA. 

The  greateat  particularity  Ib  required  under  the  mining:  laws  of  British 
Columbia.  The  act  concerning  mines  at  present  In  force  throug:h  Brltislli 
Columbia  was  passed  April  17,  1896. 

Interpretation  of  Terms. 
The  following  is  the  interpretation  of  terms  used  In  the  construction  of 
the  mineral  act: 

"Mine"  shall  n.ean  any  land  In  which  any  vein  or  lode,  or  rock  In  place, 
shall  be  mined  for  gold  or  other  minerals,  precious  or  base,  except  coal. 

"Mineral"  shall  mean  all  valuable  deposits  of  gold,  silver,  platinum, 
iridium,  or  any  of  the  platinum  group  of  metals,  mercury,  lead,  copper,  iron, 
tin.  zinc,  nickel,  alumi;.um,  antimony,  arsenic,  barium,  bismuth,  boron,  bro- 
mine, cadmium,  chromium,  cobalt.  Iodine,  magnesum,  manganese,  molybde- 
num, phos|ihoru.s,  plumbago,  potassium,  sodium,  strontrlum.  aulphur  or  any 
combination  of  the  aforementioned  elements  with  themselves  or  with  any 
other  elements,  asbestos,  emery,  mica  and  mineral  plgmenis. 

"Limesiorie.   marble,  clay  or  any  buMding  stone,   when   mined  for  building 

purposes."  shall  ;iot  l>e  considered  as  mineral  within  the  moaning  of  the  act. 

"Kock  in  place"  shall  mean  all  ri>  k  in  place  bearing  valuable  deposits  oiT 

mineral  within  the  meaning  of  the  act. 

"Vetn"  or  "lode"— Whenever  either  of  these  terms  Is  used  In  the  act,  "rock 
in  place"  shall  be  deemed  to  be  included. 

"Mineral  claim"  shall  mean  the  personal  right  of  property  or  interest  1» 
any  mine. 


I 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


19 


••Mining  property"  shall  Include  every  mineral  claim,  ditch,  mlU-slte  or 
water  right  used  for  mining  purposes,  and  all  other  things  belonging  to  a 
mine  or  used  In  the  working  thereof. 

"Legal  post"  shall  mean  a  stake  standing  not  less  than  four  feet  above 
the  ground,  and  square  or  faced  on  four  sides  for  at  least  one  foot  from  th» 
top,  and  each  side  so  squared  or  faced  shall  measure  at  least  four  Inches  oa 
Its  face  so  far  as  squared  or  faced,  and  any  stump  or  tree  cut  oft  and  squared 
or  faced  to  the  above  height  and  size. 

•'Mill  site"  shall  mean  a  plat  of  ground  located  as  defined  by  the  act  for 
the  purpose  oi  erecting  thereon  any  machinery  or  other  works  for  trtuis- 
portmg,  crushing,  reducing  or  sampling  ores,  or  for  the  transmission  of 
power  for  working  mines. 

''Streams"  shall  Include  all  natural  water  courses,  whether  usually  con- 
taining water  or  not,  and  all  rivers,  creeks  and  gulches. 

'•Ditch"  shall  include  a  flume,  pipe  or  race,  or  other  artificial  means  for 
conducting  water  by  its  own  weight,  to  be  used  for  mining  purposes. 

*Ditch-head"  shall  mean  the  point  In  a  natural  wate^-  course,  or  lake  or 
oth^r  source,  where  water  is  first  taken  into  a  ditch. 

"Free  miner"  shall  mean  a  person,  or  joint  stock  company,  or  foreign 
company  named  In,  and  lawfully  possessed  of,  a  valid  existing  free  miner** 
certificate,  and  no  other. 

"Record,"  register"  and  "registration"  shall  have  the  same  meaning,  and 
■hall  mean  an  entry  in  some  official  book  kept  for  that  purpose. 

"Full  Interest'  shall  mean  any  mineral  claim  of  the  full  size,  or  one  of 
•everal  shares  Into  which  a  mineral  claim  shall  be  equally  divided. 

"Cause"  shall  include  any  suit  or  action. 

"Judgment"  sh  ,11  Include  "order"  or  "decree." 

"Real  estate"  shall  mean  any  mineral  land  In  fee  simple  under  any  act 
relating  to  gold  mines  or  to  minerals  other  than  coal. 

"Joint  stock  company"  shall  mean  any  company  duly  incorporated  for 
mining  purposes  under  the  "Companies  Act,"  "Companies  Act,  1890."  and  any 
company  duly  Incorporated  In  British  Columbia  for  mining  purposes  under 
the  "Companies  Act,  1862,"  (Imperial),  and  shall  Include  all  companies, 
whether  foreign  or  local,  registered  or  Incorporated  under  the  "Companle* 
Act,"  1894.  C.  32,  S.  2. 

Free  Miners  and  Their  Privileges. 

Every  person  over  18  years  of  age  and  every  joint  stock  company  may 
become  a  free  miner  by  tak'ng  out  a  r-'lner's  certificate,  the  cost  of  which  ti 
)6  per  annum. 

Minors  who  take  the  benefit  of  this  act  are  regarded  as  of  full  age  in  all 
mining  transactions. 

Miner's  certificate  to  a  jol  it  stock  company  must  be  issued  in  its  corpor- 
ate name.  Such  a  certificate  may  be  issued  for  one  or  more  years  and  can- 
not be  transferred.  .       . 

A  fine  of  $26  is  provlced  as  a  penalty  for  such  as  work  at  mining  without 
first  obtaining  the  necessary  certllirate. 

rbvery  owner  of  a  mine  or  contractor  for  the  performance  of  work  upon 
a  mine  must  take  out  a  licence  certificate  for  each  and  every  employee  or 
updn  conviction  pay  a  penalty  of  one  hundred  dollars,  in  addition  to  the 
unpaid  license  fees. 

A  free  miner  may  kill  game  for  his  own  use. 

A  free  miner  may  obtain  a  now  certificate  for  one  lost  on  paying  11. 

Should  co-owner  fall  to  pay  for  his  free  miner's  certificate,  his  interest 
goes  to  his  co-owners  pro  rata  according  to  their  former  interests. 

A  shareholder  in  a  Joint  stock  company  need  not  be  a  free  holder. 

A  free  miner  may  claim  1,500  by  1.500  feet.  But  all  angles  murt  be  right 
angles  and  all  measurements  must  be  horizontally. 

A  free  miner  may  cut  timber  on  Crown  lands,  ,...•»  ♦!.. 

A  free  miner  may  obtain  a  f.ve-acre  miU-site  upon  Crown  lands  in  the 

A  clainf^lnay  "be  held  from  year  to  year  by  work  being  done  to  the  value 

**  Two  claims  ln°each'"mlning  division,  i;ot  on  tha  sp.mo  vein  or  lode,  may  be 
held,  and  more  than  one  on  the  same  vein,  if  held  '.ly  a  purchaser 

A  claim  must  be  marked  by  two  legal  posts,  each  ^our  inches  square  and 
DJt  less  than  four  feet  above  the  pround      They  n-ust  be  numbered  1  and  1. 

A  legal  (lost   marked  "Dibcovery  Post"  must  also  be  placed  on  the  lode 

^^'on  No'^YnJ^rmusf  be  written:  (1)  Initial  Post.  (2)  The  name  of  the 
claim  (8)  Th';  name  of  the  locator.  (4)  The  date  of  loMtion.  (5)  Approxl- 
mati  heHrlDK  of  No  2  noft.  (6)  Length  and  brt"»dth  of  the  nlatm.  (7)  The 
dumber  of  feet  to  the  rSfht  and  the  number  of  feet  to  the  left  of  the  location 

""on  No.  t  post  must  be  written:    (!>  TVo  name  of  the  claim.     (J)  The  name 

Of  tiie  looBtor.    (S)  The  date  of  locfltlon.  „._i,j^  h«  M>aln«  trmttM  nr 

The  line  from  No.  1  to  No.  2  must  be  distinctly  marked  by  biasing  trees  or 

pUwting  peetBi 


176 


•     MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Locations  made  on  Sunday  or  public  holidays  are  not  for  that  reason 
Invalid. 

Lodes  discovered  In  tunnel  may  be  held  If  recorded  In  fifteen  days. 

A  free  miner  may,  on  the  payment  of  $500  In  lieu  of  expenditure  on  claim, 
obtain  a  Crown  grant. 

Any  miner  may,  at  the  discretion  of  the  gold  commissioner,  obtain  a 
water  right  for  a  term  of  twenty  years. 

No  transfer  of  any  mineral  claim  or  interest  shall  be  enforcable  unless 
in  wr'ting,  signed  and  recorded. 

No  minor  shall  suffer  from  any  act  of  omission  or  commission,  or  delays 
on  the  part  of  government  oflicials. 

No  claim  shall  be  open  to  location  during  the  last  Illness  of  the  holder, 
nor  within  twelve  months  after  his  death,  unless  by  permission  jf  the  gold 
commissioner. 

A  mineral  claim  must  be  recorded  within  fifteen  days  after  location,  if 
within  ten  miles  of  office  of  the  mining  recorder.  One  additional  day  Is  al- 
lowed for  every  additional  ten  miles  or  fraction  thereof. 

Partnerships,  unless  othtrwise  specified,  will  be  deemed  to  be  annual.  The 
business  shall  pertain  to  mining  and  to  mining  only.  Partnerships  can  lo- 
cate and  record  one  claim   for  each  partner. 

If  any  partner  should  fail  to  keep  up  his  free  miner's  certificate,  his  prop- 
erty in  the  partnership  shall  revert  to  his  partners  pro  rata  according  to 
their  former  interests.  A  partner  owning  any  part  of  a  share  Is  entitled  to  a 
vote,  but  the  result  of- the  vote  shall  be  determined  by  the  full  interests  voted 
upon.  A  majority  can  make  assessments.  Assessments  must  be  paid  within 
thirty  days..  Any  partner  failing  to  pay  assessment  will  be  permanently 
liable  to  the  partnership  and  his  interest  may  be  sold  to  satisfy  the  assess- 
ment. But  a  partner  may,  by  proper  notice  to  the  foreman  or  manager, 
abandon  his  interest,  after  which  he  will  not  be  liable  for  assessments. 

Limited  partnerships  may  be  entered  Into;  but  "Limited"  must  become  a 
part  of  the  partnership  name. 

Necessary  Labor  to  Be  Done. 

Work  on  each  mining  claim  to  the  value  of  onfe  hundred  dollars  must  be 
done  every  year  from  the  date  of  record  of  the  mineral  claim.  An  aflldavit 
made  by  the  holder,  or  his  agent,  setting  out  a  detailed  statement  of  the 
work  done  must  be  filed  with  the  gold  commissioner  or  mining  recorder,  and 
a  certificate  of  the  vvork  obtained  and  recorded  before  the  expiration  of  each 
"•onr  from  the  date  of  record  of  said  claim.  A  free  miner  holding  adjoining 
l■.:^  "n  I  may,  subject  to  filing  notice  of  his  intention  with  the  gold  commla- 
e\r  m  ■•  or  mining  recorder,  perform  on  any  one  ot  more  of  such  claims,  all  the 
At  ",  required  to  entitle  him  to  a  certificate  of  work  for  each  claim.  Th« 
ss'ie  provision  applies  to  two  or  more  free  miners  holding  adjoining  claims  la 
rtnershlp.  In  lieu  of  the  above  work  the  miner  must  pay  one  hundred 
dollars  and  get  a  receipt  and  record  the  same. 

Itaw  Concerning  Placer  Mineft. 

Placer  claims  shall  be  divided  Into  creek  diggings,  bar  diggings,  dry  dig- 
gings, bench  diggings  and  hill  diggings. 

Every  free  miner  shall  be  entitled  to  locate  and  record  a  placer  clplm 
on  each  separate  creek,  ravine  or  hill,  but  not  more  than  two  claims  In  the 
same  locality,  only  one  of  which  shall  he  a  creek  claim.  He  shall  be  allowed 
to  hold  any  number  of  placer  claims  by  purchase. 

A  "creek  claim"  shall  lie  100  feet  long,  measuring  the  d'rectlon  of  th« 
general  course  of  the  stream,  and  shall  extend  in  width  from  base  to  baM 
of  the  hill  or  bench  on  each  side,  but  when  the  hills  or  benches  are  less  than 
100  feet  apart  the  claim  shall  be  100  feet  square. 

In  "bar  diggings"  a  claim  shall  be  a  strip  of  land  100  feet  long  at  high 
waler  mark,  and  In  width  extending  from  high  water  mark  In  the  river  to  Itfl 
lowest  water  level.    Dry  diggings,  100  feet  square. 

In  "bench  diggings"  a  claim  shall  be  100  feet  square:  provided,  that  th« 
gold  comnilsrinr.er  has  authority,  where  a  bench  Is  narrow,  to  extend  the 
llmltR  of  a  claim  beyond  the  limits  of  the  bench,  but  not  to  exceed  100  fee". 
■Quare. 

In  "hill  diggings"  a  claim  shall  have  a  base  line  or  frontage  v-i  liH  f«e'<. 
drawn  pBrnllel  to  the  main  dlrertlon  of  the  stream  or  ravine  or  which  « 
fronts.  Parallel  lines  drawn  from  eaoh  end  to  the  line  at  right  arglen  th^f^t- 
to.  and  running  to  the  summit  of  the  hill,  shall  constitute  the  side  !in^ 
thereof.  Legal  posts  shall  be  placed  100  feet  apart  on  hoth  the  base  line  ana 
tl>e  side  lines,  and  no  claim  shall  extend  beyond  the  posts  so  placed. 

If  any  free  miner,  or  party  of  free  miners,  discover  a  new  mlno.  placer 
claims  or  the  following  sir.es.  In  dry,  bar.  bench,  creek  or  hill  diggings  shall 
he  nllowed,  vIk:  to  one  dlocoverer.  one  claim  300  feet  In  lenpth:  to  a  party  of 
two  dli«<'f>verfrH.  two  claims,  amounting  together  to  «fl0  feet  In  length;  to  a 
party  of  three  discoverers,  three  ctnlms.  amounting  fo  WW  feet  Ir  length;  to 
a  r>arty  of  four  rtlscnverers.  four  claims,  amciintlng  together  to  1.000  feet  In 
length;  and  to  ea«'h  member  of  a  party  beyond  fotir  In  number,  a  claim  of  the 
ordinary  sUe  only.    ▲  creek  discovery  claim  iball  «xt«nd  on  «ach  aide  of  th» 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


vn 


i 


c«nter  of  the  creek  as  far  as  the  nummlt  of  the  hill,  but  not  exceeding  l.OOO 
feet. 

A  new  stratum  of  auriferous  earth,  grravel,  or  cement,  situated  in  a  local- 
ity where  a)l  placer  claims  are  abandoned,  shall  be  deemed  a  new  mine. 

In  defining  the  size  of  olacer  claims,  they  shall  be  measured  horizontally, 
irrespective  of  inequalities  on  the  surface  of  the  ground. 

Any  location  made  on  Sunday  or  any  public  holiday  shall  not  for  that 
reason  be  invalid,  any  law  or  statute  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

How  to  Locate  Placer  Clailins. 

A  placer  claim  must  be  as  nearly  as  possible  rectangular,  and  marked  by 
four  legal  posts  at  the  corners.  The  posts  must  be  at  least  four  inchea 
square.  One  post  must  be  marked  "Initial  Post,"  and  on  that  post  a  written 
notice  must  be  placed  stating:  The  name  of  the  claim,  the  length  of  the 
claim  in  feet,  its  general  direction;  the  date  of  notice  and  name  of  locator. 
"If  any  side  line  extends  100  feet  in  length,  legal  posts  must  be  placed  on  such 
line  not  exceeding  100  feet  apart. 

What  Must  Be  Recorded. 

Placer  claims  must  be  recorded  within  three  days  after  location,  if  within 
ten  miles  of  the  mining  recorder's  ofiice,  and  one  additional  day  is  allowed  for 
each  additional  ten  miles  or  fraction  thereof. 

Placer  claims  may  be  recorded  for  one  or  more  years  on  payment  of  fees 
— ^2.B0  for  each  year. 

Transfers  must  be  in  writing  signed  by  the  transferer  and  recorded  In  the 
mining  recorder's  ofHce,  and  within  the  time  required  for  recording  placer 
claims. 

The  holder  of  a  placer  claim  has  no  right  to  any  vein  or  lode  within  lt» 
limits,  except  by  location  and  record  under  the  mining  act. 

Taxes  on  Mines. 

An  annual  tax  of  25  cenLs  for  every  acre  and  fractional  part  of  an  acre 
of  land  conveyed  by  the  crown  must  be  paid  on  the  30th  day  of  June  and  said 
tox  becomes  a  charge  upon  the  claim  and  In  default  of  payment  said  claim 
-n  »y  be  sold.  Such  taxes  are  remitted  if  the  owner  proves  to  have  clone  $:iOO 
•worth  of  work  on  the  claim  for  the  year  during  which  said  taxes  are  assessed. 

ly^  V  Legal  Forms. 

J.ider  the  law  of  British  Columbia  the  government  has  prescribed  cer- 
'^},«  Vorms  and  these  must  be  followed  absolutely:  Such  as  Location  Notice, 
(i  ■  u'-d  of  Mineral  Claim,  Record  of  Partnership  Mineral  Claim,  Application 
".f  ''- rtlficate  of  Work,  Certificate  of  Work,  Certldcate  of  Improvements, 
in!'  ation  for  Certificate  of  Improvements,  Certlflcute  of  Improvements, 
i^V  i-r  Recorder's  Certificate,  Mlli  Site  (notice).  Mill  Site  (affldavit  of  appll- 
caat  prior  to  lease),  Lease  of  Mill  Site,  Mill  Site  (affidavit  of  applicant  prior 
to  Crown  grant).  Mill  Site  (certificate  of  Improvements).  Tunnel  or  Drain 
License,  Mill  Site  (application  for  Crown  Grant).  Water  Notice,  Water  (grant 
of  water  right).  For  a  Full  Claim.  For  a  Fractional  Claim.  These  may  be 
found  in  the  act  relating  to  gold  and  other  minerals  excepting  coal.  Passed 
April  17,  1S96. 

Scale  of  Fees  to  Be  Charged. 

For  every  free  miners'  certificate  (for  each  year) J5.00 

Every  substituted  certificate  LW 

Recording  any  claim • |W 

Ifecorrting  every  certificate  of  work is.ou 

Bflcordlng  any  'May  oyer"  or  every  other  record  required  to  be  made  in  ^  ^ 

ilev'ordiiig  e^v^iTi^y  almndonmenti'i'ncViidinVthe'memoran^^  be  written    ' 

For  ^a nv  o\'l?e?  record  made'  in  "the"  '''R'ecord  of"  A bando A menVs;': ! ! ! ! ! ! ! V ! !  aiso 
For  recording  every  afhdavlt,  where  the  same  does  not  exceed  three  folios 
of   100   words ••••• ^-S 

FS*'alVm"ordamade  In  the  "Record  of  Conveyances."  where  the  same  do 

FoV  e^^TfolVrover^fclVfurihefc^^^^^^^^  "    ' 

For  an  cop'es  or  exiraciH  from  any   record   In  any  of  the  above-named 
books   where  such  a  copy  or  extract  shall  not  exceed  three  'oIIob.  per  ^^ 

W-V.^re  Kurh  copiei'  or  extViL;jtB  exceed '  three  filiosV  W  "ients  per  "f oiii  for 
•very  folio  over  three.  m 

For  fllln,r  any  document  """I!!!!.!!!!..  B.'oO 

For  s  Crown  grant  

s 


k 


'i    '' 


VB 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


MINERAL    OEFICERS    OF   BRITISH    COLUMBIA. 

Minister  of  Mines— Hon.  Col.  James  Balcer. 
Provincial    Mineralogist— W.    A.    Carlyle. 
Public  Assayer— H.  Carmlchael. 

Mining  Recorders. 
Nanalmo — M.  Bray,  Nanalmo. 

New  Westminster — D.   Robson,   New  Westminster. 
East  Kootenay— J.  Stirxet    eonald;  F.  j:.  Lang,  Golden;  G.  Golilie,  Wln- 


M.  Phillips,  Tobacco  Plains, 
velstoke;  Corry  Mlnhennick,  Lardeau; 
aslo;  W.  J.  Goepel,  Nelson;  J.  Kirkupu 
Taylor,  Trout  Lake;  R.  J.  Scott,  lUo- 


dermere;  C.  M.  Edwards,  Fot 

West  Kootenay— J.  H.  Gra    j 
A.  Sproat,  New  Denver;  Jolm  K 
Roesland;  J.  C.  Rykert,  Rykert's: 
oillewaet. 
Cariboo— W.  Stephenson,  Quesnelle  Forks;  J.  Bowren,  Barkervllle. 

Yale— W.  Dodd,  Yale;  L.  Norris,  Vernon;  C.  A.  R.  Lambly,  Osoyooa;  "W? 
.McMynn,  Midway;  H.  Hunter,  Granite  Creek;  Q.  C.  Tunstall,  Kamloops. 

Llllooet-C.  A.  Phair,  Lillooet;  F.  Soues,  Clinton. 

Cassiar— Ezra  Evans,  Manson  Creek  Omineca;  Jas.  Porter,  Laketon. 

>:  Iberni— Thos.  Fletcher,  Alberni. 

Vntorla— W.  S.  Gore,  Victoria. 

Gold  Commissioners. 
For  ti.e  Province— W.  S.  Gore. 
Alberni- -Thos.  Fletcher,  Alberni. 
Cariboo- Tohn  Bowren.  Richfield. 
Cassiar  D, strict-James  Porter,  Laketon,  Cassiar. 
Lillooet  District- Frederick  Soues,  Clinton.  * 

Bast  Kootenay  District— J.  F.   Armstrong,  Donald. 

West  Kootent.y  District— N,   Fitzstubbs,   Nelson;  J.  D.   Graham,   Rer*!- 
■toke. 

Yale  District— Cimrles  Lambly,  Osoyooa;  G.  C.  Tunstall.  Kamloops. 

Assayer?. 

£ub]lc  Assayer,  H.  CarmichapL  Victoria;  W.  Pellew  Harrey,  Vancouv^; 
MaoFarlane,  Vancouver;  Robblna  &  Long,  RosslancL 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


tm 


THE   EEDUCTION   OF    ORES. 

By  C.  E.  Bogardus,   of  Seattle. 

In  treating  this  subject,  It  Is  undertaken  with  some  misgivings,  as  th« 
scope  is  oroad  to  place  In  a  short  article;  to  give  a  clear  Idea  of  the  propw 
items.  No  doubt  some  readers  will  miss  what  to  them  are  Important  points, 
but  when  we  stop  to  consider  the  vastness  of  the  field  and  that  large  volumea 
are  written  up-^n  one  single  process  the  Indulgent  reader  is  asked  to  overloolt 
the  lR,cking  features. 

The  use  of  the  metals  by  man  dates  Into  ancient  history,  and  necessarily 
the  separation  from  the  ores  has,  since  their  first  use,  always  been  a  problenL 
At  first  It  was  how  to  get  the  metal,  now  it  is  how  to  cheapen  the  process; 
either  by  modification  of  the  present  systems  or  by  entering  new  paths 
of  research. 

In  the  commercial  world  the  metals  are  divided  into  precious  and  base. 
There  are  only  three  of  the  precious  metals,  gold,  silver  and  platinum,  while 
the  list  of  base  metals  includes  the  balance,  lead,  iron,  copper,  zinc,  anti- 
mony, etc. 

Space  will  permit  only  a  synopsis  as  to  how  gold  and  silver  are  separated 
from  the  ores.  In  connection  with  them  lead  and  copper  are  of  necessity 
joined.     W"*.h  the  copper  also  come  nickel  and  cobalt. 

Gold  and  silver  occur  in  nature  free  and  combined.  The  free  metal 
or  native  is  when  it  is  in  the  form  as  used  in  commerce,  the  metallic  state,  as 
placer  gold  or  as  pieces  of  "the  real  stuff"  in  quartz.  In  combination,  they 
are  united  chemically  with  some  other  element  and  must  undergo  a  treat- 
ment. Gold  and  silver  ores  are  In  general  treated  alike,  as  they  occur  In 
the  same  oi-e  and  consequently  both  must  be  extracted  together,  although 
there  are  some  sold  ores  and  some  silver  ores  each  having  special  processes 
to  obtain  the  value. 

Platinum  is  so  extremely  rare  In  ores,  the  most  being  obtained  from 
placers  and  then  usually  in  connection  with  gold,  that  its  metallurgy  will  not 
be  dealt  with  here. 

Silver  occurs  to  a  limited  degree  native,  but  usually  in  chemical  combina- 
tion, the  most  common  being  chloride,  bromide,  sulphide,  tellurlde,  antl- 
monial  sulphide  (ruby  silver  and  brittle  silver),  argentiferous  galenas  and 
argentiferous  gray  coppers,  all  of  which  must  be  separated  by  one  of  the 
many  processes. 

Gold  is  found  as  native  and  in  chemical  combination  with  tellurium,  called 

tellurides,  which  are  extremely  rich.     It  is  also  associated  with  sulphurets, 

known  as  iron  pyrite,  pyrites,  sulphurets  and  iron  sulphurets,  being  a  chem- 

■  leal  combination  of  iron  and  sulphur.     The  gold  in  this  case  Is  not  chemlo* 

ally  combined  but  mechanically  held. 

Free  gold  or  free  silver  ores  are  treated  by  a  variety  of  mills,  each  work- 
ins  with  the  same  end  in  view,  to  separate  the  gold  or  silver  from  the  rock 
by  amalgamating  them  with  mercury.  There  is  a  long  list  of  them,  but  1 
shall  put  them  into  two  divisions.  First,  stamp  mills,  which  work  by  a  large 
weight  500  to  1,000  pounds,  called  the  stamp,  dropping  rapidly  into  an  in- 
closed mortar.  The  pulp,  when  about  the  size  to  pass  through  a  forty-mesh 
screen,  splashes  through  the  screen  onto  a  ocpper  plate,  the  plate  having 
first  been  coated  with  mercury.  The  gold  and  silver  are  held  by  the  mercury, 
while  the  balance  of  the  material  washes  on  off  the  plates.  There  are  «>■«•▼- 
Ity  stamps,  spring  stamps  and  steam  stamps.  The  second  division  of  mills 
Includes  all  the  balance,  Huntington,  Crawford.  Merrill,  etc.,  each  differing 
from  the  other  in  the  manner  of  pulverizing  the  ore,  some  accomplishing  It  by 
large  wheels,  some  by  centrifugal  revolving  weights,  others  by  revolvlug 
balls    each  having  its  merits  and  being  adapted  for  special  ores,  while  the 


gravity  stamps  are  the  most  successful  with  general  ores  and  are  usualtar 
Dieferred  The  mercury  on  the  plates,  when  it  contains  consider  cole  gold. 
Is  acraped  off  and  placed  in  a  chamois  or  buckskin  sack  and  squeezed  dry, 
the  excess  of  mercury  passing  through  the  chamois.     The  residue,  dry  amal- 


gam consisting  of  the  gold  and  some  mercury,  is  put  In  an  iron  retort,  from 
IrhTc'h  the  meFcury  can  all  be  distilled  at  a  low  red  heat,  caufht  in  water 
rnd  used  again;  wnile  the  retort  contains  the  gold.  This  is  melted  in  a  black 
fead  or  clay  crucible,  run  into  bricks,  and  is  ready  for  markat.  ^  .  , .  ^ 
At  this  point  it  might  be  added  that  there  is  quite  a  mistaken  Idea  of 
wh^  a  mill  test  Is  A  mill  test  is  a  test  made  on  a  sample  of  ore  to  see  how 
3^?.^{.  frAi^rolri  it  contains  and  the  percentage  that  can  be  saved  by  amal- 

.*..S^l.T.h"™lph:™«  '  ThKowS  not  culht  by  .h.  morou.,,  b«.  .. 


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MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


carried  off  of  the  plates.  In  a  free  gold  ore  the  suIphureU  are  usuallj^  a 
small  percentage  of  the  ore,  running  from  2  to  30  per  cent.  When  less  than 
2  per  cent.,  it  does  not  as  a  rule  pay  to  save  them  unless  quite  rich.  When 
above  30  per  cent,  the  sulphurets  interfere  with  the  amalgamation  and  there 
is  too  great  a  chance  of  loss  in  concentration  besides. 

To  save  this  value  the  pulp  is  carried  over  concentrators,  which  are  ma- 
chines arranged  for  separating,  by  gravity,  the  use  of  water  and  a  shaking 
motion,  the  heavy  mineral  from  the  light  gangue,  which  is  worthless,  the 
quartz,  porphyry,  etc.  In  handling  an  ore  carrying  about  10  per  cent,  gul- 
phuretf",  for  every  ten  tons  of  ore  crushed  and  run  over  the  concentrators, 
there  will  be  one  ton  of  concentrates  carrying  the  value.  There  is  always 
some  loss,  varying  with  the  nature  of  the  ore;  in  future  treatment  there  Is 
the  cost  of  working  only  one  ton  in  place  of  ten.  The  concentrates  from  a 
cold  ore  will  yield  their  value  by  the  following  methods,  pan  amalgama- 
tion, cyanide,  chlorlnatlon,  bromlnation,  smelting  or  some  of  the  new  pro- 
cesses, the  means  used  to  be  determined  by  two  points,  cost  of  treatment 
and  percentage  of  value  saved.     Some  ores  take  one.  others  another. 

For  pan  amalgamation  the  concentrates  are  thoroughly  roastisd,  then 
placed  in  large  pans  with  mercury,  stirred  and  ground  until  the  gold  is 
amalgamated;  steam  heat  is  often  used,  while  occasionally  salt  and  blue- 
stone  are  added,  especially  when  silver  is  present.  The  pulp  is  washed  away 
and  the  mercury  handled  the  same  as  when  taken  from  the  plates  of  the 
stamp  mill. 

I  would  state  here  that  no  one  process,  except  smelting,  will  treat  all 
ores  and  any  piocess  needs  some  modification  for  each  ore  treated.  They 
often  treat  one  ore  to  perfection  and  are  worthless  for  another.  Ores  are  indi- 
vidual in  character,  no  two  alike. 

Chlorination  depends  upon  the  fact  that  gold  is  soluble  in  chlorine  gas, 
forming  a  chloride  of  gold,  acting  when  the  ore  is  roasted  perfectly,  but  inert 
on  the  raw  pyrites;  roasting  Is  burning  off  the  sulphur,  changing  the  iron 
from  a  bisulphide  to  a  sesquloxlde,  whereby  the  gold  is  freed.  The  roasted 
pulp  is  placed  in  a  perfectly  airtight  chlorlnatlon  barrel  or  false  bottom  vat, 
moistened  and  a  current  of  chkilno,  generated  by  using  salt,  sulphuric  acid 
and  dioxide  of  manganese,  passed  through  it.  When  the  action  is  complete, 
the  gold  chloride,  being  soluble  in  water,  is  leached  out  of  the  pulp,  and 
precipitated  with  ferrous  sulphate.  After  being  allowed  to  settle,  the  liquor 
is  drawn  off,  the  gold  collected,  usually  by  the  filter  press,  melted' and  cast 
into  bars. 

Bromlnation  is  on  the  same  principle,  forming  bromide  of  gold  instead 
of  the  chloride.  It  is  used  by  a  few  companies,  the  claim  being  that  it  is 
cheaper  and  simpler  than  chlorination. 

rimelting  will  be  taken  up  In  connection  with  general  ores. 

Cyanide  process,  by  which  concentrates  are  often  treated,  is  given  in  full 
In  another  chapter  in  this  book. 

Wh<^n  an  ore  oarrips  no  free  metal,  the  ore  as  a  whole  is  considered  and 
the  best  means  will  depend  upon  its  nature. 

The  gold  and  silver  In  Washington  are  usually  associated  together,  and 
the  ore  must  be  treated  to  save  both  metals.  When  there  is  no  silver  of 
value,  the  ore  is  handled  the  same  as  the  concentrates  from  the  stamp  mill. 
It  is  concentrated  when  it  will  permit.  In  such  cases  the  ore  is  pulverized  by 
the  stamps  or  Cornish  rolls;  rolls  seem  to  be  preferred  as  the  product  is  In 
a  more  even  and  better  condition  for  concentration. 

We  now  come  to  the  treatment  of  the  genera!  ores  carrying  gold  and  sil- 
ver mixed  with  iron  sulphurets,  coj)per  sulphurets  or  galena. 

Smelting  or  matting  will  handle  all  ores.  But  by  this  means  the 
object  in  view  is  only  half  accomplished;  the  precious  metals  do  not  come  out 
of  the  furnace  pure  and  ready  for  use.  but  are  assoclfited  with  some  imde 
metal  as  carrier,  from  which  they  must  be  separated.  The  aim  in  smeltinv 
is  to  make  the  gangue  melt  and  be  thin  enough  for  the  valuable  metals  to 
collect  and  settle  to  the  bottom.  The  ore  will  not  melt  by  itself  without  such 
extreme  heat  as  to  endanger  loss  of  value  by  volatilization,  so  tne  proper 
Ingredients  are  added  to  obtain  a  fusion  at  a  moderate  temperature-  this 
is  called  fluxing,  the  materials  added  being  called  fluxes. 

Smelting  is  classified  according  to  the  carrier  used  to  collect  the  gold  and 
silver,  being  lead  smelting,  copper  matting  and  iron  matting  or  pyritlc.  Lead 
and  copper  smelting  methods  merge  into  each  other,  for  now  ai  many  places 
they  are  both  accomplished  in  the  same  furnace  at  the  .same  time,  while  on 
the  other  hand  copper  and  pyritlc  smelting  pass  imperceptibly  from  one 
into  the  other. 

Lead  smelting  or  the  use  of  lead  as  a  carrier  is  the  old  reliable  and  today 
is  in  most  general  use.  It  Is  the  one  place  where  all  ores  are  taken  ex- 
cepting possibly  some  high  grade  copper  oxide  or  carbonates,  and  they  can 
be  handled  by  other  means,  although  they  can  be  used  in  .small  quantities  at 
a.  time  at  the  lead  smelter.  It  was  not  many  years  ago  when  the  lead  fur- 
nace superintendent  would  refuse  a  great  many  so-called  base  ores  This 
term  has  a  different  meaning  when  used  In  the  various  branches  of  mining 
A  free  gold  man,  in  si)eaking  of  a  base  ore.  means  one  from  which  he  cannot 
extract  tlie  e-old  by  mercury.  To  thf  smeitpr  foreman  it  Is  the  ore  contj'lninK 
metals  which  interfere  with  his  saving  value.    Zinc  and  antimony  are  base 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Wi 


today  readily  takeV; ""Before'"'"" -'^^i-^*^--®-'"*'^^         *  ^^^  y^"-"  *^°  ^''^ 


clean  withAnt  alf,  ^"^P^ng  ore  Is  either  the  pay  strc 

S  wWch  il  lelecTr  ?]fi^,!;!^l^^'"?  i«lxed  with  It.  or  is  separated  by  sort- 
brlkkZg  when   neclsfarv    nHo^nf^^^^^  *h«  hammer  for 

throwlnl  It  over  t"hTdS'do^llf 't'^l  '^^^.''.^lf'.l%„Yl'''  ^^^   '^'^'^^  ^'^^^   °^ 


ores  for  the  lead  furnace. 

Thel-^  K^Vco'^rpW^ln  ^^^^^^  ',^t  i^'^'^^^lofeB^^m  n'oT  be  Tn"  J^s'^ 

«inc  is  an  aid  Inst^lToVa  detriment  ^^""'"^  '^^^  ^^  ^^^  ""^  °^  ^^^^^  *"■•"**=* 
smeltlr.'^'"  "°^  '*^''*  ^"^  ^"  "'••«  a'' the  mine  and  carry  it  through  the  lead 

and^*efufe.'"^Hls^8hlDDrnl''n*lt',?Tv,^''^l!««  °^  "''«•  shipping,  concentrating 
oA^ur.  t.,iVr-:.,,*"Ir..^_"iPP'"&  ore  Is  either  the  pay  streak,  which  breaks  down 

1  with  It. 

shipping 

.,  _-■    c=    —    .^..^.a^ice    wit 

Thia~q*.»»minn-Nr„r  "IP  ^°f^  the  ravine  as  refuse, 
a  mine  A  we^f-t^rifnTrt^^^il^'r'  "  '"  ^^ot  one  of  the  important  ones  about 
quick  percenTlon  an r^hf^^o"  l^  necessary  for  the  position.  He  must  have  a 
be  tested  for  him  H^  «ho„Yi'''  ^*"•*'f-^  ^,'*^  °''°^-  ^^^''y  variety  of  ore  should 
carries  value  h\Pt\n^%^^?^^^,  "°^  °'?*y  ^""^  that  a  certain  appea-ing  piece 
Conner  with'  th^  ^n^  ^^^^  Y*^]"^  s  there,  whether  as  ruby  silver,  in  the  gray 
dozen  ^^r«n«;lil.'^^*f  carried  with  one  of  the  sulphurets  or  some  of  the 
lars  ?h?lwn  down "th*i°"^  Possible.  Many  a  mine  has  had  thousands  of  dol- 
WhUe  at  ^h^  mlnf  '^^t'""^  ^'■°?'  «=areless  sorting  by  men  who  "knew  ore." 
but  with  a  ^mnlI^il?.•J*^  second  grade  had  better  be  treated,  if  low  grade, 
the  ^Inhnr^?^  If.  P^'^centage  of  mineral,  it  can  be  concentrated  the  same  as 
be  thorough  V  uLl.^?^^ a"""^  °i^  mentioned.  In  concentrating,  the  ore  must 
and  how  to  or„«h^'^'^l^°°'^  ^^  to  where  the  value  lies  to  know  what  to  save 
llv  Rnd  if  nnf  nl™  ??'"^  minerals  of  high  value  are  brittle,  pulverizing  eas- 
t)hu?Pts  hnV  ^f'^i^'^'^'"'"/  handled  the  value  will  be  lost.  An  ore  high  in  sul- 
of  thi  fm^.r.?^  ^?*^  ""^^"^l  *l^"  °"'y  he  treated  by  some  of  the  chea 
or  tne  future,    it  cannot  be  concentrated  bv  mechanical  means. 


nhiirota  K.,*  „*  i„ ■"'    """"•>'",'•"<=  vaiuc  will  ue  losi.      An  ore  nign  in  sui- 

of  th*:  fnf^f..,?.  ?*^  ^^'"®.  *l^"  °"'y  he  treated  by  some  of  the  cheap  processes 
Pflnnnt  hi  J,?;  »,  ^^^^°^  ^6  Concentrated  bv  mechanical  means.  Ore  that 
thP  Vn««  n,,5Hl  f^^®  °TJ?°^^  *"to  one  is  not  worth  doing  anything  with,  aa 
nicely  ^'^       the  gain.     Galena,  iron  pnJ  copper  sulphurets  handle 

p,r,  Jf^„^  concentrates  are  sacked  and  shipped  with  the  regular  ore  to  the 
l^f^til'  ^  P°."  arrival,  It  Is  weighed  and  the  ore  shoveled  into  an  ore 
oreaker.  Coming  from  this,  it  is  shoveled  into  cars  or  conveyors,  every  tenth 
f>J?.y^„  :  helng  thrown  aside  as  a  sample.  If  the  concentrates  are  a  large 
^i?,,  5!^  1  *  ^yei'y  tenth  sack  is  set  aside  as  a  sample.  The  ore  sample  Is 
crushed  again  and  taken  to  a  sampling  floor,  thoroughly  mixed  and  cut  into- 
quarters,  tlie  two  diagonal  quarters  taken,  the  other  two  thrown  away.  The 
part  siived  is  remixed  and  quartered  again  and  this  process  is  continued  until 
inere  is  about  100  pounds,  when  it  Is  quartered  and  the  two  halves  sacked. 
Jn?^  X.  1  labeled  and  put  away  for  future  reference  in  case  of  a  dispute, 
ihe  balance  is  taken  to  the  sampling  room,  crushed  finer  and  quartered 
down  to  between  one  and  two  pounds,  when  it  is  dried,  pulverized  to  pass  an 
eighty-mesh  screen  and  sent  on  to  the  assay  room,  where,  after  thorough 
mixing,  it  is  divided  into  three  samples,  one  for  the  smelter,  one  for  the  seller 
and  the  third  to  be  sent  to  a  reliable  assayer  as  umpire  in  case  of  a  dis- 
agreement. The  assays  usually  check  (agree)  but  sometimes  a  shipment  will 
have  to  be  resampled  and  it  occasionally  takes  a  year  to  settle  satisfactorily 
to  both  parties. 

All  samples  are  tested  by  the  smelter  for  gold,  silver,  lead,  copper,  iron, 
lime,  zinc,  silica  and  antimony  when  present.  The  ore  Is  not  put  in  the 
furnace  and  the  seller  paid  for  the  ounces  of  gold  and  silver  extracted,  but  he 
Is  paid  entirely  upon  the  assay  of  sample  taken.  Part  of  a  shipment  may  not 
be  smelted  for  two  or  three  months  after  receipt  and  then  never  smelted  in 
the  furnace  alone.  As  stated,  each  ore  must  be  fluxed.  In  lead  smelting  this- 
is  the  proper  combination  of  silica,  iron  and  lime.  To  the  superintendent  the 
oro  has  four  parts,  precious  metals,  valuable  base  metals,  worthless  base 
metals  and  the  gangue.  Saving  the  highest  percentage  of  value  at  the  least 
cost  is  his  aim.  Ores  are  bought  which  can  be  mixed  and  the  proper  com- 
bination of  silica,  iron  and  lime  obtained  if  possible,  for  by  so  doing  so  much 
ore  is  being  melted  instead  of  the  same  amount  of  dea.d  flux,  which  must  be 
added  in  case  of  a  deficiency;  iron  ore  for  the  lack  of  iron,  limestone  for  tho- 
llme,  and  quartz  for  silica.  In  most  cases  there  is  an  excess  of  sil'ca,  which 
necessitates  the  purchase  of  iron  and  lime.  The  smeltin?  charges  are  made 
accordingly.  A  fixed  rate  is  made  on  a  neutral  basis:  wlien  the  silica  equals 
the  iron  and  lime.  When  the  silica  is  in  excess  a  charge  o*  15  cents  per  each 
unit  in  excess  Is  made,  but  W  cents  is  paid  for  each  unit  the  iron  and  lime 
are  in  excess  of  the  silica.  In  regard  to  the  detrimental  mevalo,  zinc  and' 
u-.timony,  a  limit  is  established,  in  the  amount  allowed  in  an  ore  (at  preset'- 
In  Washington  this  limit  is  10  per  cent.).  Below  this  limit  the  ore  is  treated 
without  extra  cost,  but  above  that  an  additional  charge  of  fiO  cents  for  each 
per  cent,  in  exccs.s— a  12  per  cent,  pine  ore  would  cost  $1  extra. 

In  making  up  his  mix,  the  metallurgist  adds  a  certain  per  cent,  of  galena, 
for  a  carrier  to  save  the  gold  and  silver.     About  12  per  rent,  la  used  now. 

Most  of  the  iron  occurs  in  the  ores  as  sulphurets.     The  sulphur  in  a  lead 
smeker  is  out. of  place  and  must  be  eliminated  by  roasting.      In  roasting, 
what  it  takes  nature  years  to  do  man  accomplishes  in  a  few  hoursj     When, 
she  finishes,  there  Is  left  the  red  streak  of  iron  stain  on  the  mountain  side,  by 
which  the  prospector  spots  his  ledge. 


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MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


All  parte  of  the  charge,  ore,  flux  auu  'uel,  which  Is  usually  coke,  ar« 
weighed  and  fed  In  regularly  at  the  top  of  the  furnace,  a  force  draft  belnff 
used  to  keep  up  the  combuatlon.  The  process  Is  continuous,  the  slag  being 
drawn  off  from  one  point  at  regular  intervals,  while  the  lead  la  taken  out  at 
«  lower  point  when  necessary.  From  January  to  January,  it  stops  not  ex- 
cept for  an  accident,  which,  if  it  stops  the  furnace,  is  quite  expensive.  The 
lead  bullion  is  now  ready  for  the  refinery,  where  the  gold,  silver  and  lead  are 
•eparated. 

When  there  is  copper  in  an  ore  that  goes  to  a  lead  smelter,  sufficient  sul- 
phur is  left  In  the  charge  to  form  a  copper  sulphide  or  matte  and  the  copper 
'  saved  in  the  same  form  as  in  copper  smelting.  As  all  lead  smelters  buy  ores 
carrying  more  or  less  copper,  they  save  it  in  this  way,  putting  them  in  with 
the  regular  ores,  but  ores  without  copper  are  preferred.  This  matte  la 
drawn  out  with  the  slag,  from  which  it  separates  on  standing,  for,  being 
heavier,  it  settles  to  the  bottom,  and  when  cold  it  is  broken  off  and  saved. 

In  smelting  there  is  a  small  loss,  in  the  slag,  from  volatilization  and  in 
the  dust.  The  last  is  mostly  regained  when  good  dust  chambers  are  used, 
but  the  first  and  second,  especially  the  first,  it  is  the  object  of  the  superin- 
tendent to  make  as  low  as  possible.  They  vary  with  the  fluxing  and  the 
manipulation  of  the  furnace. 

One  method  of  rettning  the  lead  bullion  will  be  given.  The  bullion  is 
melted  in  a  large  iron  kettle  with  a  certain  percentage  of  zinc,  the  zinc 
having  a  greater  affinity  for  the  gold  and  silver  than  the  lead.  They  liquate 
on  cooling.  The  zinc  with  the  gold  and  silver  Is  taken  off,  and  the  lead  again 
treated.  When  the  lead  has  given  up  all  the  precious  metal,  it  will  contain 
some  zinc,  from  which  it  is  freed  in  a  cupel  furnace,  and  is  then  ready  for 
market.  The  zinc  is  separated  from  the  gold  and  silver  In  the  cupel  furnace 
by  distillation  and  oxidation.  The  precious  metals  are  placed  in  a  sulphuric 
acid  bath  and  heated,  the  silver  passes  into  solution  as  silver  sulphate,  while 
the  gold  remains  undissolved. 

The  silver  solution  is  decanted,  the  gold  washed,  dried,  nicltGd  and  cast 
Into  bars.  Pure  copper  sheets  are  suspended  in  the  silver  sulphate  and  by 
metathesis  we  obtain  metallic  silver  and  copper  sulphate.  When  all  of  the. 
-sliver  is  deposited  it  is  washed,  d.  led  and  melted  and  run  Into  bars.  The  sul- 
phate of  copper  solution  is  evaporated  and  crystallized.  This  is  a  large 
Bource  of  the  blue  vitriol  of  commerce. 

The  other  forms  of  smelting  are  copper  smelting  and  pyritic,  alike  in  their 
products,  both  being  mattes,  a  sulphide  product  having  the  precious  metala 
dissolved  in  them.  In  consequence  they  need  more  of  a  subsequent  treat- 
ment to  yield  a  flnished  product.  They  verge  into  each  other,  varying  from 
a  matte  high  in  copper  with  but  little  iron,  to  one  mostly  iron  and  a  small 
amount  of  copper.  A  strictly  iron  matte  can  be  made  and  Is  made  at 
Deadwood,  North  Dakota,  but  as  a  rule  a  small  amount  of  copper  is  de- 
sirable. 

Pyrltlc  smelting  is  designed  to  concentrate  the  value  of  pyritic  or  sulphide 
«re8,  by  heat,  using  the  sulphur  as  a  part,  if  not  all,  of  the  fuel,  fluxing  away 
the  gangue  and  the  metals  of  no  value.  Part  of  the  iron  form.s  a  sulphide, 
making  with  the  copper  sulphide  the  matte  carrying  the  gold  and  silver  with 
them.  The  process  is  In  successful  operation  at  a  number  of  places,  but  it 
Is  not  an  easy  plant  to  conduct.  In  fluxing,  the  range  is  greater  than  in  lead 
smelting  and  theoretically  it  is  quite  simple,  but  practically  it  takes  an  expe- 
rienced man  to  obtain  good  results.  No  preliminary  roasting  is  needed,  as 
the  sulphur  is  used  for  the  fuel. 

The  matte  product  w^lll  yield  Its  value  by  three  different  treatments.  A 
Straight  iron  matte  can  be  roasted  and  pan  amalgamated  the  same  as  gold 
sulphurets  are  often  treated.  When  there  is  sufficient  copper  to  pay  to  save 
It  Is  shipped  to  a  lead  smelter,  roasted  and  treated  the  same  as  a  sulphuret 
ore,  the  iron  acting  as  a  flux.  The  copper  forms  a  copper  matte,  while  the 
gold  and  silver  are  taken  up  by  the  lead.  The  arsenic  and  antimony  are 
made  use  of  In  pyrltlc  smelting,  whereas  in  lead  and  copper  furnaces  they 
are  obnoxious.  They  pass  Into  the  iron  matte,  forming  arsenides,  antl- 
monides,  sulpharsenldes  and  sulphantlmonides  with  the  iron  taking  place 
of  so  much  sulphur  which  may  be  used  for  fuel. 

As  the  copper  Increases,  we  pass  into  copper  smelting,  which,  though  it 
In  turn  verges  Into  lead  .smelting,  the  iron  on  one  side  and  the  lead  on  the 
Other,  still  has  its  own  necessities  and  is  distinct. 

Copper  smelting  is  used  to  treat  all  copper  ores  and  is  simply  one  step  In 
♦he  concentration  process  which  is  taken,  step  by  step,  until  metallic  copper 
to  obtained. 

Copper  occurs  as  native  in  a  few  places.  This  ore  is  treated  qul*e  simply, 
being  crushed,  concentrated,  melted  and  cast  into  Ingots.  This  copper 
ranked  higher  than  that  from  other  ores  until  electricity  was  introduced  for 
refining. 

Copper  smelting,  or  matting,  as  it  is  usually  called,  because  the  i  -^act 
in  most  cases  Is  a  matte,  has  within  the  last  few  years  made  a  great  advance 
the  Americans  being  far  in  the  lead. 

The  sulphuret  ore  must  be  roasted,  as  the  extra  sulphur  is  nnt  used  as 
ftiel,  but  a  small  amount  is  necessary  to  unite  with  the  copper  and  iron  to 
make  the  matte.      Roasting  is  conducted  in   a  variety  of   ways,    from   me 


MIKWQ    IK    THfi    PACIffIG    NORTHWQBT. 


(10 


It 
the 


as 
to 

tn« 


«h6«P  crude  method  of  heap  roast,  known  from  antiquity.  t»  tlM  modem 
automatic  reverberatory  furnace. 

The  heap  roast  la  made  by  properly  piling  the  ore  in  heaps  Ux46x(  upon  » 
bed  of  fuel  with  correctly  arranged  draft  holes  and  chimneys.  Only  suflwlent 
fuel  is  used  to  get  it  under  way,  when  the  burning  sulphur  keeps  it  going. 
From  sixty  to  seventy-five  days  are  needed  to  burn  a  heap  of  this  size.  Th« 
pvoduat  Is  an  oxide  of  iron,  oxide  of  copper,  some  copper  sulphate  wtth»a 
email  amount  of  unroasted  material.  When  cool  enough  to  handle,  the  mix- 
ture goes  direct  to  the  furnace.  In  the  reverberatory  furnace  of  today,  ^he 
ore  Is  pulverized  and  fed  at  one  end,  where  a  flame  plays  over  it.  The 
sulphur  immediately  begins  to  burn,  and  the  material  is  now  slowly  moved 
along  the  furnace,  getting  hotter  and  hotter  as  it  approaches  the  fire.  Unless 
the  melting  is  done  in  this  furnace,  it  is  withdrawn  in  the  form  of  a  pow- 
der, the  sulphur  all  gone  and  the  metals  in  the  form  of  oxides.  The  most 
Improved  furnaces  now  have  automatic  stirrers  and  automatic  dischargers. 

In  copper  smelting  it  is  not  the  object  to  get  as  high  grade  matte  as 
possible,  for  two  reasons— subsequent  treatment  can  be  conducted  better  and 
the  precious  metal  saved  closer.  About  a  40  per  cent,  matte  is  the  first  prod- 
uct. The  fluxing  is  different  from  lead  smelting  in  having  a  wider  range  as 
to  slag,  not  being  bound  down  to  a  fixed  limit.  The  aim  is  to  have  a  slag 
fluid  enough  for  the  matte  to  settle  through  and  not  too  thin,  vt  the  matting 
will  not  be  perfect. 

The  furnaces  used  are  water  jacket  shells  of  copper,  cast  or  wrought  iron. 
Some  brick  ones  are  in  use,  but  they  are  losing  ground.  The  charge  Is  fed 
continuously  at  the  top  and  like  the  lead  smelter  there  Is  not  a  stop  except 
for  accidents.  During  fusion  the  copper  unites  with  the  sulphur,  making 
copper  sulphide,  the  balance  of  the  sulphur  combines  with  iron  and  the  two 
sulphides  form  the  matte.  The  percentage  of  iron  sulphide  determines  the 
crade  of  the  matte  and  that  is  fixed  by  the  amount  of  sulphur.  When  an 
excess  of  sulphur  is  allowed,  it  takes  too  much  Iron  into  the  matte  and 
robs  the  slag  of  necessary  iron;  if  sulohur  is  deficient,  the  grade  of  the  matte 
Is  too  high  and  the  slag  gets  the  iron,  making  it  too  thin. 

In  the  old  style  furnace  the  matte  was  allowed  to  settle  to  the  bottom  and 
was  drawn  off  at  Intervals,  as  was  also  the  slag,  the  matte  being  then  re- 
fined by  roasting  and  resmeltlng,  slowly  raising  the  grade  by  eliminating  the 
sulphur  and  the  iron  until  pig  copper  was  obtained. 

Today  at  the  most  advanced  works  the  separating  of  the  slag  and  matte 
Is  done  in  another  furnace,  a  reverberatory  hearth,  where  they  are  allowed  to 
run  in  a  molten  state  and  kept  so.  The  slag  is  tapped  off  and  the  matte 
maintained  in  a  fiuid  state.  As  needed,  it  is  conveyed  to  the  large  Bessemer 
converters,  where  the  purification  into  metallic  copper  is  accomplished  in 
one  operation,  by  burning  out  the  impurities,  the  iron  being  carried  into  the 
slair  The  copper  is  cast  Into  large  plates  ready  for  electrolytic  treatment 
«or  separating  the  gold,  silver  and  the  small  traces  of  other  metals.  These 
laree  nlates  are  suspended  in  a  sulphuric  acid  bath  as  the  anode,  aivd  a  thin 
Ah^t  of  pure  copper  is  the  cathode.  As  the  current  is  turned  on  the  impure 
anode  dissolves  and  perfectly  pure  copper  deposits  at  the  cathode.  The  gold, 
silver  and  impurities  drop  to  the  bottom  of  the  tank.  .    . ,     ,  ,     ^     ^ 

In  treating  oxide  and  carbonate  ores  the  product  Is  black  copper  Instead 
of  matte.  At  times  the  raw  sulphuret  ores  are  smelted  without  roasting 
owing  to  certain  conditions,  but  roasting  is  the  rule.  Nickel  and  cobalt,  when 
tai  an  ore.  are  saved  in  the  copper  matte.  ^      *      *,  ,     ,     , 

Comlner  back  to  silver,  there  are  two  processes  for  treating  exclusively 
sUver  ores  which  deserve  mention.  One,  known  as  the  Russell  process  Is 
«B«^  when  the  sliver  is  as  a  chloride  or  bromide,  soluble  In  a  hypetyposulphlls 
SffodksSlutlon  The  silver  Is  precipitated  as  a  sulphide,  which  is  washed, 
dried  mlued  and  run  Into  bricks.  Some  of  the  ores,  such  as  sulphides,  etc., 
can  be  converted  into  a  chloride  by  roasting  with  salt  or  salt  and  copper 
SSu)lmte  Then  there  is  the  old  Mexican  or  Patio  method  of  amalgamation, 
for  the  ores  that  are  chlorides  or  can  be  converted  Into  chlorides  by  roasting, 
ioirifh^  ■Russell  nrocess  The  ground  pulp  In  the  form  of  a  mud  Is  placed  in 
S^AlS^^th  mercury  In  America  a  large  amalgamating  pan  or  barrel  is 
It=L?  ThP  tnlxture  Is  stirred  Und  ground  until  the  amalgamation  is  com- 
Sf^'  -rSn  Bilvpr  chloride  Is  2hanged  to  metallic  silver,  which  amalgamates, 
^-hlf  silver  Imalgam  Is  treated  the  same  as  gold  amalgam.  As  worked  lu 
M«ioo  the  orocels  is  crude,  but  it  Is  used  with  great  success  there. 
*A2f^tv,«nPw  methods  it  might  be  added,  they  are  becoming  as  numerous 
As  to  thenewmeinoas,  uiiiiBiii  "      ^,„.„_.  _'^  amolter  men.  electrinlana 


as 
an< 


na~tpnt  car  couplers.  Hundreds  of  mining  and  smelter  men,  electricians 
/?;;vSntors  are  working  to  solve  the  problem  of  a  cheap  means  of  extrao- 
«An  nf^  the  va!ul  Tom  orM.  Some  are  branching  onto  new  lines,  others 
J*°V  „  t^  i™«w!vp  the  old  bringing  to  their  aid  electricity,  chlorine,  bromine. 
^Wrt^anTothlr  chemical  s&ts  together  with  new  ideas  in  furnaces 
f^rf^nt  nroducers  combinng  different  methods  with  various  results.  The 
and  heat  proaucers,  '^"'"V"""^  "  ,,  niant  can  be  placed,  on  the  property,  In 
goal  4s  a  means  by  which  a  s^'^^"  ^P^'^^ti-eTlt  cheap  This  would  solve  the 
the  mountains,  tieai^H°J?^^"®„!.p  at  a  standstill-ore,  where  lack  of  trans- 
problem  for  camps  ^^Ich  today  are  a^  a  swn^^^^^^^      ^        ^^^  railroad,  but 

portatlon  facilities  prohibits  „?!  ?he  oroflt  on  the  low  grade  ores.     It  would, 
where  the  freight  rate  takes  all  the  proni  on  im;.^  ^^ 

***  ^Zfi:"^^rilmiii'lm^^^^^^oZ6&B^'u.  ne^ed,  n^t  more  th^a  • 


S' 


T 


184 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWBBT. 


and  also  treat  ores  of  low  value,  but  too  high  in  Hulphurets  to  be  concen- 
trated. 

There  are  now  in  the  West,  to  my  knowledge,  about  h  dozen  of  the  revo- 
lutionizing processes,  most  of  them  claiming  to  extract  the  value  for  $1.50  a 
ton  at  the  mine.  Many  of  tlie  same  pass  into  history  each  year.  Some  one 
will  solve  the  problem  and  for  the  man  who  does  It  there  is  an  unlimited 
'fortune  awaiting  him  locked  up  in  a  stronger  vault  than  any  bank.  Who 
will  find  the  magic  key? 

At  this  writing  no  one  has  proven  that  he  has  such  a  pronenn.  Before  this 
Is  with  the  reader,  some  one  may  achieve  this  end.  If  so,  it  will  be  a  boon  to 
the  mining  man  of  small  means.     It  means  wonders  for  Washington. 


CYANIDE    TREATMENT    OF    OBES. 

By  S.  G.  Dewsnap,  Methow,  Wash. 

In  the  onward  march  of  science^and  art,  there  is  no  branch  which  has 
made  greater  advancement  within  the  past  quarter  of  a  century  than  the 
reduction  of  ores.  This  advance  has  been  made  in  the  improvement  of  old 
processes  and  the  finding  and  adoption  of  new  ones. 

In  the  old  processes  the  advance  has  been  in  machinery  which  rendered 
the  processes  more  efficient  in  extracting  a  greater  percentage  of  the  value 
and  in  reducing  the  cost  of  treatment. 

Among  the  new  processes  the  treatment  of  ore  by  cyanide  has  made  most 
rapid  progreBs. 

The  cyanide  process  is  based  on  the  fact  that  gold  and  silver  are  soluble 
In  a  solution  of  cyanide  of  potassium  or  sotlium  In  water. 

"The  discovery  of  this  fact  has  been  attributed  to  Hagen  In  1806.  Dr. 
Wright,  of  Birmingham,  England,  used  cyanide  of  gold  solution  for  electro- 
plating in  1840."— Dr.  Scheldel. 

Since  that  time  numerous  experiments  have  been  carried  on  with  the 
Idea  of  extracting  gold  and  silver  from  ores  by  the  use  of  cyanides,  with  other 
chemicals,  electricity,  etc.,  but  it  remained  for  John  S.  McArthur  and  Robert 
W.  Forest  to  complete  the  process  and  adapt  it  to  successful  metallurgical 
operation.  For  this  they  rpcHved  patents  in  the  United  States  in  1889  an* 
about  the  same  time  patents  wore  taken  out  in  nearly  all  other  countries. 

The  scope  of  the  process  is  a  broad  one,  but  by  no  means  universal.  Its 
application  is  limited  to  ores  (by  ores  is  meant  native  rock,  bearing  precious 
metals,  whether  in  their  natural  state  or  as  concentrates  or  tailings  from 
other  processes)  which  either  have  no  decomposing  action  on  the  cyanide 
solution  or  can  by  a  preliminary  treatment  be  rendered  Inactive  to  the  cyanide 
solution.  Gold  and  sliver  exist  in  ores  in  many  different  forms  and  combina- 
tions. From  some  of  these  combinations  cyanide  solution  will  dissolve  the 
gold  and  silver  and  from  others  it  will  not.  There  are  in  some  cases  mechani- 
cal dlfpculties  in  the  way  of  treatment  of  an  ore  by  this  process,  as  a  tendency 
to  slime,  rendering  It  almost  impossible  to  pass  the  liquid  solution  through 
the  ore  mass.  This  renders  the  operation  so  slow  as  to  require  the  plant  to 
be  of  such  large  proportions  that  it  would  become  unprofitable,  even  when  a 
very  high  percentage  of  the  value  is  extractable  by  the  solutions. 

However,  ores  that  are  adapted  to  the  process  can  be  treated  by  it  at  a 
much  less  cost  than  hy  any  other  known  process.  Ores  in  which  gold  exists 
as  metalics,  but  in  such  a  state  of  division  that  it  Is  impossible  to  amalgamate 
It,  yield  excellent  results  from  cyanide  treatment.  Many  sulphide  and  arsen- 
ide ores  give  up  their  gold  and  silver  to  cyanide  solutloik  without  changing  the 
sulphides  in  any  way. 

The  principal  chemical  reaction  upon  which  the  process  rests  Is  the 
formation  of  double  cyanides  of  gold  or  silver  and  the  alkaline  metal.  These 
double  salts  are  soluble  in  water  and  when  formed  can  be  washed  out  of  the 
ore.     The  following  formulae  represent  the  reactions  in  their  simplest  forms: 


2  Au 
Gold 


2Ag 
Silver 


+ 


+ 


4KC  N 

Potassium 

cyanide 

4KCN 

Potassium 

cyanide 


4-       O       + 
Oxygen 


+       O       -+- 
Oxygen 


H,0      = 
Water 


2  Au  K  (C  N), 
Cyanide  of  gold 
and  potassium 


H2O      =      2AgK(CN),      -H 
Water  Cyanide  of  silver 

and  potassium 


2KOH 
Caustic 
Potaab 

2KOH 
Caustlo 
Potash 


While  these  reactions  are  taking  place,  there  are  many  more  reactiona 
going  oh  with  the  other  metals  and  minerals  of  the  ore,  which  complicate  the 
result.  According  to  this  equation,  15.12  parts  of  gold  should  be  dissolved  for 
each  ten  parts  of  cyanide  decomposed,  while  In  the  best  works  by  actual  test 
from  forty  to  forty-five  parts  of  cyanide  are  decomposed  for  one  part  of  sold 
extracted.  This  difference  la  to  be  accounted  for  by  many  reactions  which 
take  plBn«»  l)etween  thef  cyanide  solution  and  the  ingredients  of  the  ore,  the 
water  ahd  the  air.     Some  salts  of  iron,  alumina,  manganese,  magnestum  uiA 


T 


« 
^ 


tlons 
e  the 
>d  for 
1  test 
golA 
vhlcb 
the 
and 


^MININa    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTH WKflT.  M 

copper,  which  I'.re  found  In  all  precious  metal  ores  to  a  greater  or  leaa  extent, 
have  some  decc  nposlng  action  on  the  cyanide  Bolutlon  *^'^°*"'^  °''  '**"  ®*^*°^ 

DaB8e8\"nolnt"a^  whlnh'u^i!"  ".^''^'"^  ^^°'"  *  ^«'"y  '^""t''  »»  a  strong  solution 
S?oblblv'due  to'*t^«^fnot^  1*^*"^  maximum  power  to  dissolve  goldf  This  la 
SivKen  iras  frori  th..  „ir  *^*k.  ^  ".^^''^  so  utlon  has  no  power  to  dissolve 
evanlde  fnd  th«^-.,M  ^li  .Ti"''*'.u^  essential  to  the  reaction  between  the 
Sre^from  onp  t«n'h  tnlw  f^'^M"^^^'?""'*  '"""^  efficient  differs  with  different 
ores  trom  one-ten  h  to  six-tenths  of  1  per  cent..  .  e.,  from  one  nound  to  sir 
pounds  of  cyanide  of  potassium  to  1.000  pounds  of  water  When  the  value 
to  l^gSfd  "■•      *  ^'""°"  *•*"  ^°  ^^  stronger  than  when  the  ore  vllnt 

The  solutions  are  separated  from  the  ore  by  pei  eolation  or  filtration  and 
the  precious  metals  recov..red  from  the  solutions  bj  precipitation  by  metalllo 
ainc  or  alumina.     The  following  formula  will  lllustr.te  the  chemical  rSom 


a  Au  K  (C  N), 
Cyanide  of  gold 
and  potassium 


Zu 
Zinc 


Zn  K,  'C  N)« 
Cyanide '3f  zinc 
and  pott>9slum 


+ 


2Au 
Qold 


According  to  this  formula,  one  ounce  of  zinc  sl'^ould  precipitate  about 
Blx  ounces  of  gold,  but  In  practice  It  requires  six  to  t  i-elve  ounces  of  zinc  to 
precipitate  one  ounce  of  gold.  This  solution  of  zinc-  is  due  to  the  caustic 
potash  generated  In  the  solution,  as  indicated  by  prev.oua  reaction,  and  also 
by  other  leactlon  due  to  other  ore  Ingredients.  The  gyld  precipitated  is  never 
pure,  but  contains  impurities  carried  into  the  solution* by  the  cyanide  and  by 
the  caustic  potash  and  which  are  precipitated  along  v'th  the  gold  and  silver. 
When  zinc  is  used  as  u  prccipitiint,  some  of  thl.s  al-ays  remains  with  the 
gold,  as  weil  as  some  slimes  which  are  mechanically  carried  along  with 
current  of  solution.  The  pniclpitated  gold  is  treated  with  acid  to  remove  zinc 
or  other  soluble  Impurities;  is  dried,  roasted  and  smelted  with  the  proper 
fluxes,  and  cast  into  bars. 

As  no  two  ores  are  treated  In  exactly  the  same  way  to  yield  best  results. 
so  the  methods  of  procedure  differ  at  different  works.  In  general,  the  ore 
must  be  In  a  sufficient  state  of  division  for  the  solution  to  come  In  contact 
with  the  gold.  The  coarser  the  ore  can  be  ground  and  attain  this  end  the 
better,  because  the  easier  It  can  be  percolated.  Ores  differ  greatly  in  the 
grinding  necessary;  the  proper  llneness  can  only  be  determined  by  careful 
laboratory  experiment. 

The  ground  ore  is  treated  either  by  agitation  or  by  percolation. 

In  the  agitation  process,  the  ore  is  placed  with  the  necessary  solution, 
either  In  a  vat  with  a  power  stirring  apparatus,  or  In  a  revolving  cylinder  or 
movable  box,  and  kept  in  motion  for  some  hours  until  the  cyanide  solution 
has  dissolved  all  the  precious  metal  that  the  ore  will  yield  to  it.  The  charge 
to  then  transferred  to  a  lUter  and  filtered  and  washed,  first  with  a  weaker 
solution  of  cyanide  and  lastly  with  water.  The  filtrate  and  first  washings 
are  passed  through  the  zinc  boxes  for  the  precipitation  of  the  gold  and  silver 
they  contain,  and  then  passed  to  the  storage  tanks  to  be  renewed  by  ad'^'ing 
enough  fresh  cyanide  to  bring  them  to  the  proper  strength.  The  qua'  .«  a 
oi  ore  operated  on  are  small  and  the  time  required  much  shorter  tha'  1  » 
the  percolation  process.  Agitation  is  adapted  to  the  treatment  of  high  h-^uu 
concentrates  and  rich  slimes. 

In  the  percolation  process  the  pulverized  ore  or  tailings  is  charged  Into 
▼ats  with  filtering  bottoms,  care  being  taken  to  distribute  the  ore  as  uniformly 
as  possible.  The  cyanide  solution  Is  run  on  In  sufficient  quantity  to  cover  the 
ore  and  it  slowly  filters  through  the  charge  and  passses  to  the  precipitation 
boxes  and  the  storage  tank  to  be  renewed  and  again  passed  through  the 
charge.  It  is  usual  to  use  comparatively  strong  solution  for  the  first  percola- 
tion and  to  follow  bv  weaker  solutions  until  thoy  are  finally  washed  once  or 
twice  with  water  to  "remove  any  of  the  solutions  remaining  In  the  ore.  Much 
time  Is  needed  for  the  slow  passage  of  these  solutions,  so  that  economy  re- 
quires that  the  vats  be  large.  The  rapidity  with  which  a  solution  will  pene- 
trate dependd  eaitirely  on  the  character  and  condition  of  the  ore.  If  the  ore  be 
coarse  ground  and  tree  from  slimes,  thirty  to  fifty  hours  will  suttice  to  work 
off  a  vat  of  ore.  but  ordinarily  the  time  required  will  be  from  three  days  to 
two  weeks  The  size  of  the  vats  depends  on  the  amount  of  ore  to  be  treated 
and  the  time  required  for  the  treatment  of  any  given  ore.  In  many  Instances 
the  ore  has  to  undergo  a  previous  treatment  to  remove  substances  which  have 
a  decomposing  Infiuence  on  cyanide.  Ordinarily  talUngs  which  have  been 
exposed  to  the  weather  are  acid,  due  to  the  action  of  the  oxygen  or  the  air  on 
the  sulphur  of  the  ore.  This  la  removed  by  a  washing  with  water  or  treatment 
with  lime  or  aoda.    An  excess  of  alkali  added  invariably  causes  a  loss  of  zinc 

^  The^stzXf^vatlS^'in  different  parts  of  the  world  varies  from  .10  to  600 
tons  capacity  and  they  are  constructed  of  wood,  brick,  stone  and  cement  or 
concrete.  They  are  chargca  with  ore  from  the  top.  ordinarily  from  cars 
dumping  from  overhead  tracks.  The  vats  are  emptied  either  from  n  aide  or 
hftftorn  onenine    the  tailings  being  shoveled  into  cars  on  a   track  below  or 

wher^Vatlr  is'^ava  fabfe  t^^^  T,u   ^*  ^^^ 

Urglt  plants  »t  the  Raid  (Witwater«r*|id)  In  South iAfrica.  th*  taUln^sjire 
handled  by  steam  shovels  or  machine  cranes  and  loaded  into  railway  cars  to 


i  .i 


I 


^   i" 


"% 


MINING    IN    Tiro    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


b«  dlBchargid  some  distance  from  the  mills.  In  this  district  over  forty  cyantd» 
lilantB  are  at  work  on  the  tulllngs  from  the  Btamp  mills,  from  which,  during 
the  tlrst  six  months  of  1894  317,950  ounces  of  Kold,  worth  $4,769.2.10,  was  renlleed. 
Further,  only  about  60  per  cent,  of  the  talllnKB  are  treated  by  the  cyanid* 
process;  the  balance  Is  slimes,  which,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  percolation,  ar« 
allowed  to  run  to  wast*. 

Tlo  number  of  puints  for  the  treatment  of  ore  by  this  process  Is  Increasing 
In  t'lO  United  States  and  will  Increase  more  rapidly  as  more  Is  known  of  th« 

? recess.  Many  different  devices  have  been  tried  for  the  recovery  of  the  gold 
rom  the  solution,  but  the  greater  part  of  It  Is  now  recovered  by  the  use  ot 
tine.  The  metallic  zinc  Is  shaved  Into  very  thin,  loose  shavings  and  these  ar« 
placed  on  a  perforated  Iron  plate,  two  or  three  Inches  from  the  bottom  of  a 
Lox,  which  Is  twelve  or  fourteen  Inches  square  and  about  the  same  depth, 
a.id  a  series  of  twenty  or  more  of  these  boxes  are  so  arranged  that  the  solution 
flews  upward  through  each  of  them,  1,  e,,  the  solution  passes  from  the  top  of 
on^  box  to  the  bottom  of  the  next.  The  zinc  Is  renewed  as  fast  as  disaolvea  by 
parsing  forward  and  putting  new  zinc  In  the  last  box.  The  precious  metal 
con\es  down  as  a  brown  or  black  slimy  precipitate.  This  precipitate  is 
removed  from  time  to  time  by  changing  the  flow  of  the  solution  to  another 
set  of  boxes,  while  the  one  set  Is  cleaned  up,  and  the  precipitated  bullion 
washed,  dried,  refined  and  melted  into  bars.  These  boxes  are  usually  mads 
of  wood,  but  sometimes  ot  iron. 

The  refining  Is  done  by  placing  the  dried  precipitate  on  the  smooth  hearth 
of  a  small  reverberatory  furnace  and  giving  It  a  thorough  roasting.  It  is  thon 
charged  with  a  mixture  of  borax,  soda  and  nitre  Into  black  lead  cruclblos, 
where  It  melts  down  and  the  base  metals  are  oxidized  aiid  removed  by  the 
slag.  Hy  proper  treatment  bullion  from  850  to  950  flna  Is  obtained.  Ordinarily 
the  bullion  is  about  780  fine. 

The  causes  of  loss  of  gold  in  treatment  by  this  process  are  many  and  too 
careful  management  of  the  plant  cannot  bie  had.  These  losses  occur  by 
leakage  of  solution,  by  Imperfect  washing  of  the  tailings,  loss  of  cyanide  by 
decomposing  action  of  the  ore  or  the  water,  loss  of  zinc  by  alkaline  solutions, 
loss  of  line  particUs  of  the  precipitated  gold  by  being  carried  away  by  air 
currents  during  the  process  of  drying,  refining  and  smelting. 

The  cost  of  the  process  Is  variable  within  certain  limits.  For  ore  In  which 
the  value  Is  principally  gold,  treated  at  American  works,  it  ranges  from  $1  t» 
^  per  ton.  The  average  of  twenty-three  lots  of  ore  handled  by  different  works 
gives  the  cost  as  $2.30^  per  ton. 

The  cost  of  a  plant  is  given  by  Dr.  A.  Scheldel,  in  Bulletin  No.  5,  published 
by  the  California  State  Mining  Bureau,  as:  "For  a  plant  of  fifty  tons  per  day 
capacity,  125,000;  a  100-ton  plant,  about  $40,000.  At  Johannesburg,  South  Africa, 
at  J6.25  for  each  ion  of  ore  H  is  intended  to  treat  per  month." 

"The  general  arrangement  of  the  plant  may  be  of  different  kinds.  The 
most  convenient  method  Is  to  have  solution  vats,  leaching  vats,  extractors,  and 
dumps  in  four  tiers,  so  that  each  series  may  be  completely  drained  into  that 
next  below  It.  By  this  means  sufficient  solution  can  be  stored  in  the  solution 
vats,  and  sufficient  room  left  In  the  dumps  to  enable  work  to  proceed  for  from 
twelve  to  twenty-four  hours  without  pumping.  Many  plants,  however,  have 
the  solution  vats  and  dumps  on  the  same  level  as  the  leaching  vats.  In  this 
case  the  solution  Issuing  from  the  leaching  vats  Is  passed  through  the  precipi- 
tation boxes  Into  a  small  tank  and  Is  continually  pumped  back  as  required." 
See  "Notes  on  Gold  Extraction  by  Means  of  Cyanide  of  Potassium,  as  Carried 
Out  on  the  Wltwattiorar.d  Gold  Fields,"  by  W.  R.  Feldmann. 

Laboratory  Work.— The  most  Important  part,  viz.,  the  determination  of 
the  fitness  of  an  ore  for  cyanide  treatment.  Is  left  till  last,  while  in  actual 
practice  it  Is  the  beginning.  The  reasons  why  some  ores  will  give  up  their 
precious  metals  to  cyanide  solutions  while  others  will  not  have  never  been 
satisfactorily  learned.  The  fact  remains  that  under  favorable  circumstance* 
some  ores  will  give  up  all  their  gold  and  sliver  to  the  cyanide  solution,  others 
a  part  and  others  again  none  at  all.  The  only  way  to  determine  whether  they 
will  yield  their  metal  or  not  Is  to  make  careful  laboratory  tests  on  Well  selected 
samples.  The  writer  first  makes  a  preliminary  test  to  determine  If  the  ore  is 
acted  on  by  cyanide  solution ;  If  no  solution  of  precious  nretal  takes  place,  it  Is 
useless  to  go  farther.  If  such  solution  takes  place,  then  a  number  of  experi- 
ments are  made  to  determine  if  there  are  substances  in  the  ore  which  decom- 
pose the  cyanide  solution,  and,  if  so,  the  cheapest  method  of  getting  rid  of 
them— washing  them  out  or  neutralizing  them.  Then  follows  the  deternilnatioD 
of  the  proper  strength  of  solution  to  give  most  economic  results  as  re.'icei  to 
time  required  and  to  the  fineness  of  crushing  necessary. 

The  treatment  of  cyanide  is  a  chemical  process  and  to  undertake  the 
process  without  chemical  knowledge  of  it  Is  sure  of  failure.  In  the  operation 
of  a  cyanide  plant  there  Is  constant  employment  for  a  good  chemist.  Careful 
analysis  should  be  constantly  made  to  insure  uniform  good  results.  There  Is 
no  other  process  in  which  so  great  an  advancement  is  likely  to  result  from 
patient  investigation. 

That  a  very  considerable  number  of  the  ores  of  Washington  can  be  treated 
by  this  process  to, advantage  the  near  future  will  demonstrate.  Many  ore* 
Which  cannot  nov/  be  treated  by  this  process  will  yi^W'thelr  metal  when  the 
conditions  which  operate  in  the  treatment  and  the  reactions  which  take  place 
ar*  better  understood. 


h 


L».-^  4  »■ 


MlNINri    IN    THK    PACliflO    NORTHWBST.\ 


1 


state  oC 
sr  of  man 


BLOWPIPE   ANALYSIS. 
avK„  .,       .  .    ^^  CharleB  H.  Bebb,  of  Seattle. 

Walhlnltori^nW  Rr Jf7l.°r?/"^"l°'  '^«  '"*"^'-^'  resources  of  the 
who  are  dally  exKnJ^„nL"'^°'^^  *"'^  naturally  attracted  a  number  oi  men 
Many  of  them  are  old  *^.rn^,n[!o.'^I?  ^V""."'*  '"  '""^''''^  "'  the  preclouJ  nietMii. 
tureM  to  whSm  th«  nrP/Ji  '  *''^\°"'  ''"'.  "''^"y  '"0''«  'i^e  enterprising  a4v^ 
traction.  the  prizes  to  be  won  In  the  gold  Helda  are  ajwaj^  m  dt- 

•coJedoe's'not^Dretin'd  *;!.">?<. ^^''^  ^'I'vf  '^'""^'^  '«  primarily  Iritertded.  aa4  It. 
tatelllgence  wlt'h  th«  w«=°f  '"°Ii*'  ^i^"",  ^ "o»fh  to  enable  a  m<n  of  av»r«se 
presence  or  ^bs^no^  Jl'l^\  ^"^^  simplest  o?  appliances.  to/determln«  tia 
eoDneror?Ld^«=»,3?..?i^?'"''J®  °J,°''«  ""^^er  examlnntlon 'of  goW.  8llv«r, 
«f  hla  assats  with  ♦ho°^'»l?'^°  ^^  ^^'?  to  determine,  b  omparini  the  remttl 
ore  He  shm.i^  rp,^»t,r*i°'^  amount  tested,  the  comp  atlve  rlchn«i8  of  Uia 
wwk  w?th  th«  hiow  Tnf  i^i'"*!!^''^';'''  ^^^t  for  anything  i.ke  exact  qu«ntlt*tl«S 
worK  with  the  blow-pipe  months  of  atudy  and  laboratory  work  are  n«oe«»i«*ry. 

termtofatln^ti  nn^nn'^^'"*'  'f  *  '"'^^^  '=''"'««'  tube  of  metal,  usuallytn^w 
It  win  >1  «^,,^^^„°'^"''^'^  '^^  l^V'%^  "^^  ^  ^"^  needle:  simple  as,  It  Is.  If  well  iim£c 
fr^cin^trned  *"^''"       ^  ^*"'  ^^  '*'"  "  the  purposes  df  this  V?S3S 

Of*mof8t°ur1!"oi7p/Mn'2  ?n  h'^wPlPe  «8  fhown  In  figure  1,  althouffh  tbi  danker 
^o?^S^n  ^  collecting  In  the  tube  and  being  thence  blown  lr%o  the  namf  Is 
r?,i®rf'^JiL'l^^^",^'*  ^y  ''.'i"'"^  the  pipe  In  two  at  the  point,  marked  (a)  tutlog 
^hSwn  \n  (b)'' flgur^e''^''.  ^""^  ^^'"^  Inserting  It  [ftrnlly  dn  the  Wld«t  aS 

•»«r,!l*'*£of'?l'u  blowpipe  Is  similar  to  the  common  dlowplpe  In  prln^irfe, 
?.^.?fP^  i^u,^  ^^^^^?-  chamber  near  the  end  which  collects  the  condt^naeJ  mols- 
ISi,™^  ^"«  chamber  Is  shown  at  A  In  figure  2.  It  also  has  movabl*  Jeta, 
and  cleareif"''^  °"         "^""^  ^'  ^'  ^hlch  can  reailly  be  taken  htt 

Where  possible,  one  should  have  the  chemical  blowplpp,  but  w^ere  It 
cannot  toe  obtained,  or  becomes  Injured  In  any  manner,  a  contrivance  similar 
to  that  shown  In  figure  1  affords  a  fair  substitute.  • 

After  obtaining  a  blowpipe,  the  beginner  must  spend  ia-few  hours  in 
learning  the  proper  method  of  blowing.  His  object  will  be  toi^alntiln  a 
steady  or  uninterrupted  stream  of  air  from  the  jet  for  several  Abiutesat  a 
time.  This  Is  not  so  difficult  as  would  appear  at  first.  Distend  the  clteeks 
and  breathe  slowly  through  the  nose  for  some  time,  keeping  the  cheeiae  In- 
flated and  the  mouth  shut.  When  one  can  accomplish  this  reaclilyj  tlie 
mouth  piece  may  be  applied  to  the  lips,  and  the  operation  repeatc-U,  without 
attempting  to  blow,  or  do  more  than  keep  the  mouth  full  of  air.  As  the  Mr 
flows  out  through  the  blowpipe,  the  cheeks  fall  together  and  must  "be  Again 
distended  without  Interrupting  the  flow  of  air  through 'the  tube.  To  ac<*«n- 
plish  this,  shut  the  communication  between  the  mouth  and  lungs  by  the 
palate  and  Inhale  through  the  nose.  No  energy  should  be  wasted  In  hard 
blowing,  for  the  beginner  will  soon  see  that  the  stream  of  air  may  be  jmIb- 
tained  with  scarcely  more  forc^  than  is  supplied  by  the  natural  tendency 
of  the  inflated  cheeks  to  collapse. 

Where  obtainable,  gas  is  the  most  convenient  combustibl«  for  the  Ijlowpipo 
flame,  bUt  rape  seed  oil  In  a  lamp  (figure  3)  Is  the  best  for  general  use.  as  i(  ■ 
can  be  packed  in  small  compass  and  weighs  but  little.  Candled  may  also  be 
used  when  no  better  material  Is  at  hand,  and  of  these  highigrado  steanne  are 
the  best,  for  purafflne  candles,  although  giving  a  hlghec  hfat,  are  apt  to 
soften  in  warm  weather.  In  i^ome  Instances  even  tallow  candles  will  ansuvr, 
but  th«y  require  constant  snuffing.  ; 

In  an  ordinary  flame,  as  from  a  lamp  or  candle,  the  combustion  otily 
takes  place  on  the  outer  rim  of  the  flame.  When  a  stream  of  air  is  btc^m 
Into  it  from  a  blowpipe,  however,  the  combustion  takes  place  In  the  Interior, 
Is  more  complete,  and  an  intense  heat  is  prodaced.  When  the  beginner  caft 
maintain  a  steady  stream  of  air  for  several  minutes  he  should  seat  hlmsolf 
at  a  table  with  his  arm  resting  on  the  edge,  and  the  lamp  llrrhtod  m\i 
trimmed,  so  as  to  produce  a  full,  steady,  but  not  a  smoky,  flame,  slightly  fy} 
the  left  of  his  face.  He  should  then  hold  the  blowpipe  lightly  between  the 
thumb  and  first  and  second  fln*ers  of  his  right  hand,  and  direct  the  jet  "of 
small  end  to  the  edge  of  the  flame  just  above  the  wick.  T3y  reguiutlng  the 
blowing  a  steady  flame  should  be  produced  which  will  be  regular  and  conical 
If  the  jet  be  well  shaped.  ..    • .         .  .         ^  .  _^ 

When  the  lamp  bums,  the  oil  Is  sucked  up  by  the  wtck  and  vaporiB«p. 
These  vapors  unite  with  the  oxygen  In  the  air  and  burn  on  the  outer  edfe 
•f  the  flame,  tHrMng  a  hot  coat— a,  b,  c  in  flgure  4. 

A»the  Qxyeen  does  not  penetrate  inside  this  coat,  the  vapors  within  a*| 
Kl^ly  h*Rt^  out  ol  contact  with  the  air.  and  any  metallic  oxide  plotAi 
(8) 


t 
I  < 


■1 


,  .» 


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Im 


7    I 


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fi  -ft 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


ISt 


within  It  will,  when  hot,  tend  to  part  with  Its  oxygen  to  the  carbon  and  hydro- 
carbons of  the  tiame.  This  Hame  Is  known  m  blowpipe  analysia  ad  Die 
"reducing  flame,  "  abbreviated  to  "R.  F."  Figure  5  shows  how  It  is  pro- 
duced with  the  blowpipe.  ,he  whole  flame  being  deflected  by  a  gentle  bliist 
so  regulated  that  1*  maintains  it:  yellow  color  and  Is  luminous.  As  shown 
In  figure  5,  the  jet  is  outside  of  the  flame.  No  soot  should  be  deposUed  on 
the  assay  and  only  the  extremitj   oi  the  h:mlnons  ran  should  ervplim  it. 

The  other  flame  used  in  blowpipe  analysis  is  known  as  the  oxid'zing  tlam* 
abbreviated  to  "O.  F.,  '  and  the  manner  oi  producing  it  with  tne  uioWj-.ije 
is  shown  In  figure  6.  As  Is  there  shown,  the  jet  is  thrust  somewhat  Into 
the  flame,  the  blast  made  a  little  stronger,  and  the  carbon  more  completely 
consumed.  The  inner  blue  cone  of  the  flame  is  sharply  defined  and  Is  --ur- 
I'ounded  by  a  nearly  colorless  envelope,  corresponding  to  the  coating  a  c 
in  figure  4,  at  the  extremity  of  which  metals  may' be  Intensely  heai-'d  'W 
contact  with  the  a>,  and  rapidly  oxidized.  No  luminous  streaks  should  ^H 
allowed  to  appear  .  ^  the  flame,  and  assay  should  be  kept  as  far  from  the  l.i'io 
point  of  the  Ilame  as  's  consistent  with  a  temperature  high  enough  for  rapid 
oxidation. 

Before  passing  fram  the  subject  of  the  flame,  it  must  be  remembered  that 
the  heat  is  most  intense  at  the  *lp  of  the  blue  cone  just  referred  to  and  thla 
is  used  to  test  the  fusibility  of  substances  without  regard  to  chemical  action. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  article  but  five  methods  of  supporting  the  assay, 
or  "supports."  as  they  are  technically  termed,  may  be  considered— charcoal, 
platinum,  wire  ani  forceps  and  open  and  closed  glass  tubes.  Charcoal 
should  be  made  from  hasswood,  pine  or  willow  and  should  be  of  even  textura 
and  cut  into  rectangular  blocks  from  one  to  three  inches  in  width,  the  same 
in  thickness  and  not  to  exceed  six  inches  in  length.  The  assay  should  ba 
placed  either  on  a  tiat  surface,  or  In  a  cavity  prepared  for  it  at  right  angles 
to  the  rings  of  growth. 

When  an  excav:ition  Is  made  for  the  reception  of  the  assay,  it  should  ba 
cup-shaped,  shallow,  smooth  and  regular.  This  may  be  effected  by  picking 
a  hole  in  the  charcoal  with  a  knife,  and  revolving  In  it  the  rounded  end  Jr 
the  nsate  pestle. 

Platinum  win-  is  usee  for  supporting  beads  made  from  fluxes.  The  size 
known  as  No.  27  Jewelle  s'  hole  12i/.  is  best.  It  should  be  cut  In  pieces  three 
inches  long  and  a  loop  made  in  one  end  similar  to  that  shown  In  figure  7. 
Care  should  be  taken  that  th3  loop  Is  no  larger  than  the  actual  size  shown  In 
the  figure  when  an  oil  k.mp  is  used,  although  it  should  be  not  more  inaa 
half  the  size  when  a  candle  Is  employed.  After  using,  the  looi)ed  enda 
should  be  thrust  In  a  bottle  of  sulphuric  acid,  and  before  use  they  should  be 
rinsed  with  water  and  thoroughly  cleansed. 

Platinum  forcejis  of  a  shape  shown  in  figure  8  can  be  readily  made  by  any 
Jeweller  from  elastic  brass  wire,  the  tips  being  made  of  platinum  wire  ham- 
mered, or  .soldered,  or  riveted  on  for  holding  splinters  of  substances  in  tlw 
flame  to  ascertain  their  fusibility  and  the  color  imparted  to  tiie  llame. 

Open  Tubes.— A  piece  of  straight  glass  tubing  not  exceeding  one-quarte» 
of  an  Inch  in  diameter  and  slightly  bent  as  shown  in  fit  ce  9,  about  one  Inch 
from  the  end.     This  slight  angle  helps  to  prevent  the  at  .^ay  from  falling  out. 

Closed  Tubes.— A  closed  tube  may  be  readily  mr  ■■  by  heating  an  open 
tube  (six  Inches  long)  in  the  middle  and  drawing  !'  ouc.  Thus  two  closed 
tubes  three  Inches  in  length  are  formed.      The  ord.-iary  shape  is  shown  in 

figure  13 

In  addition  to  the  above-named  articles  a  certain  amount  of  accessory 

aoDaratus  Is  necessary,  Including:  ,  ^     ,  ^         ^  j,  ^ 

An  asate  pestle  pnd  mortar,  to  be  used  for  reducing  ores  to  a  fine  powder, 
but  It  should  be  "sed  for  grinding  only,  never  for  pounding  hard  bodies.  Its 
shape  If  given  in  figure  11. 

A  lm"a'ii''r"tangiflar"block  of  hardened  steel  to  be  used  as  an  anvil.  On 
this  after  first  wrapping  them  In  stout  paper,  the  harder  ores  may  be 
pounded  into  pieces  of  suitable  size  for  grinding  in  the  agate  mortar. 

A  dozen  test  tubes  of  hard  glass  of  standard  size.  k.  ^   .i    „ 

Substances  used  to  produce  chemical  changes  in  bodies  by  which  th^r 
are  recognized  are  known  as  blowpipe  re-agents  or  fiuxts.  But  small  Quanti- 
ties are  needed  and  it  is  best  to  purchase  them  from  responsible  druggL^ts  so 
flfi  tn  heTure  of  their  puilty.  Those  most  commonly  employed  and  the  only 
Snes  necessary  to  be  mentioned  in  this  article  are  sodium  carbonate,  hereafter 
spoken  of  as  Vodablborate  of  soda,  or  borax  and  phosphate  of  soda,  ana 

"•"two  ouncSoYsoda  wlfrhe  ample  to  have  on  hand  at  a  time  and  it  should 
be  K^n  a'^giass-stoppered  bottle,  so  as  not  to  absorb  moisture  from  th« 


air 

The 
ordi 


rhp  same  Quantity  of  ordinary  commercial   borax   is  sufficient   and  to 

dip  it  m  the  borax  """l /"s^,^  Vn^  Vhen  cold,  after  heating  In  each  flame. 
tl^'^.^r^J^llTLl'ltn.  oerfectly  colorless  and  transparent,  the  "borax  hi 


and  If  the  bead  remains  perfectly 
pure 


■I 


■^■ 


MININa    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


half  an  ounce,  and  tt,  like  soda  and  borax,  should  be  kept  in  a  tightly  atop- 
peiwl  boMle  and  labelled.  „.  ^  ^ 

l-»ure  or  "test  lead"  must  also  be  purchased.     Eight  ounces  will  be  flUIH- 

Flaely  pulverized  bone  ash  for  making  cupels,  as  will  be  hereafter  ex- 
•  platned,  must  be  bought;  eight  ounces  will  be  sufficient. 

The  beginner's  list  of  apparatus  may  be  concluded  with  a  two-ounce  gla^ 
stoppered  bottle  of  fuming  hydrochloric  acid,  one  of  concentrated  sulphurio 
acid  and  one  of  pure  nitric  acid. 

Let  UB  swppose  that  the  beginner  has  procured  the  articles  already  enum- 
eeated,  and  has  obtained  a  measure  of  proficiency  in  the  use  of  the  blowpipe. 
'  ITe  has  found,   or  there  has   been   given  him,   a  ple<;e  of  rock  which   by  its 

weight  or  by  the  appearance  of  minerals  with  metallic  lustre  contained  In  It, 
he  suspects  to  be  rlph  in  valuable  metals.  How  shall  he  proceed  to  deter- 
mine whether  it  contains  gold,  silver,  copper  or  lead,  or  all,  or  none  of  these 
ii  .<''.  elesients?  Also  which  ones,  if  any,  are  present  in  sufficient  quantities  to  con- 
stitute rich  ore.  Where  possible,  a  sample  of  ore  weighing  at  least  two 
pounds  should  be  taken  and  cracked  into  fragments  the  size  of  a  hickory 
nnt.  Three  of  these  should  be  taken  at  random,  and  further  crushed  into 
particles  the  size  of  an  apple  seed.  Half  of  this  should  be  taken,  wrapped 
fa  clean  paper,  labelled  and  laid  aside.  The  remaining  half  should  be 
wrapped  In  stout  paper  and  further  crushed  on  the  steel  anvil,  after  which 
It  should  be  fi"*"Iy  pulverized  in  the  agate  mortar,  and  also  wrapped,  label- 
led, and  laid  aside. 

Suppose,  for  example,  that  it  is  desired  to  test  the  fragment  under 
exomination  for  gold  and  silver.  A  piece  of  charcoal  is  slightly  bored,  as 
deacribed  before,  and  a  small  portion  ot  the  pulverized  mineral  Is  placed 
fD  the  bottom  of  the  cavity.  The  lamp  and  stand  are  placed  In  front  of  the 
©pi^rator  t+lightly  to  the  left.  The  lamp  is  inclined  downward  to  the  left  so 
tltift  the  O.  P.  envelopes  the  assay,  which  is  held  below  and  to  the  left  of 
th«  lamp. 

The  assay,  after  roasting,  as  described  hereafter,  should  be  kept  in  the 
CX  P.  for  several  minutes,  when  If  none  but  volatile  metals  are  associated 
with  the  sold,  the  former  will  be  driven  off,  and  on  examination  with  a  mag- 
nifying glass  a  minute  malleable  gold  colored  globule  will  be  found  at  the 
bottom  of  the  cavity.  While  being  heated,  the  gold  assumes  a  peculiar 
grodnlsh  hue  resembling  melted  copper.  It  is  a  good  plan  to  add  a  small 
portion  of  borax  and  continue  the  flame  for  a  few  minutes  to  remove  traces 
ot  oxidizing  metals  and  brighten  the  globule.  A  little  soda  may  also  be 
added,  as  it  hastens  the  elimination  of  sulphur  and  arsenic,  If  present  In 
small  quantities. 

When  gold  is  present,  but  associated  with  reducible  metals,  such  as  silver 
or  copper,  the  gold  must  be  reducod  by  a  process  known  as  cupellatlon. 

Prepare  a  piece  of  charcoal  as  before  described,  except  that  the  cavity 
should  be  slightly  deeper.  Place  a  small  portion  of  the  assay  In  the  bot- 
tom of  the  cavity  together  with  six  or  seven  parts  of  test  lead,  and  one 
to  two  parts  of  powdered  borax  glass  (In  proportion  to  the  amount  of  the 
assay).  Raise  the  vsick  of  the  lamp  so  that  the  flame  smokes  slightly,  and 
turn  upon  the  assay  a  moderate  R.  F.  As  soon  as  the  globules  of  lead 
begiin  to  run  together,  the  whole  assay  should  be  covered  with  a  hot  R  V. 
Tl«  object  of  the  operation  is  to  collect  the  gold  and  silver,  If  any  be  pres- 
ent, together  with  all  the  reducible  metals.  Into  one  globule  with  the  lead, 
and  vcrfatllize  or  slag  off  any  others.  Tt  Is  readily  seen  that  the  top  of  the 
assay  may  be  easily  heated,  but  in  order  to  properly  heat  the  bottom  the 
assay  must  be  turned  over.  This  cannot  be  done  if  any  lead  is  oxidized  and 
dls.^olve<l  in  the  melted  body,  for  the  latter  will  then  stick  to  the  charcoal. 
It  te  thus  apparent  that  great  care  must  be  exercised,  particularly  In  the 
beginning  of  the  process,  to  keep  the  assay  always  under  R.  P.  After  about 
twa  minutes  In  the  reducing  flame,  the  gold  and  reducible  metals  are  collected 
Into  a  "button"  with  the  lead,  and  the  flame  Is  then  changed  to  a  pointed 
O.  P.  and  directed  upon  the  button.  The  latter  bubbles  and  bolls  actively 
under  the  flame  for  another  two  minutes,  during  which  time  all  sulphur,  anti' 
moay  or  arsenic  present  In  the  original  ore  Is  removed.  The  lead  button  Is 
then  poured  out  on  the  anvil,  freed  from  slag,  if  any  adheres,  and  is  ready  for 
cupellatitMi. 

For  cnpelllng,  a  smooth  cavity  Is  bored  In  the  charcoal  a  quarter  of  an  Inch 
in  depth  and  five-eighths  of  an  inch  in  diameter  at  the  top,  gradually  decreas- 
ing- towards  the  bottom  so  as  to  render  It  cup-shaped.  A  small  amount  of 
bone  ash  Is  then  mixed  Into  a  paste  with  water  and  pressed  into  the  cavity 
wit*  the  broad  end  of  the  agate  pestle,  so  as  to  leave  the  bone-ash  surface 
slightly  concave  and  nearly  even  with  the  coal.  The  bone  ash  Is  then  heated 
slowly  to  redness  In  the  O.  P.  to  remove  any  trace  of  moisture,  and  the  lead 
button  Is  placed  In  the  cupel  so  formed,  the  O,  P.  directed  upon  It.  When  the 
lead  button  has  become  fused,  the  coal  cavity  is  brought  nearly  vertical, 
and  the  O.  P.  Is  directed  on  the  bone  ash.  Just  in  front  of  the  button,  rather 
tl).Tin  on  the  button  Itself,  so  that  the  ash  may  be  hot  enough  to  absorb  the 
fused  litharge,  none  of  which  muFt  remain  on  the  surface  oi  the  cupel.  By  a 
proper  direction  of  the  flame  and  turning  of  the  charcoal,  Ihe  button  Is  slowly 
driven  about  until  a  considerable  amount  of  silver  Is  shown  by  a  play  of  ooiom 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


in 


fjJttnn  nrpv  m,cil  i^^l^®;  J^  *^?  *=°""?  «'  ^^^  "^^^  few  seconds  the  lead 
In  thfl  ^iPnpT  ^h?l  fll^„^°^''"L"°*  ''^'■y  '"strous,  becomes  bright  and  fixed 
vUitfon  hn«  nnf  l^iLM^.l"?  should  occuT  on  a  portion  of  the  cupel  on  which  the 
thA  ?««»  mn^oJ  f^'°r'?l  '■ested  and  the  brightening  Is  more  effectual  if  at 
the  last  moment  the  button  is  almost  touched  with  the  tip  of  the  R.  F.  to 
J^fJ^o^Lw?"  ^"^^R"^  °»  litharge.  After  it  becomes  bright,  the  button  is  slowly 
IJ?,  f^^t  ?"?,.l'^*^  "''^™^  ^"^  examined  with  the  magnifying  glass  to  detect 
S^iL^J^  f,l  '^^^J,^?^^^'*^^  ^°"''^  8:Ive  the  silver-white  lustrous  button  a 
?^f.i  f^  fL  K  ^.^.-  ^°]^l^^  present  in  sufficient  quantity,  would  give  a  yellowish 
hue  to  the  button.  This  should  not  be  confounded,  however,  with  the  yellow 
due  to  the  fllm  of  oxide  of  lead,  which  latter  is  at  once  removed  by  treating  the 
assay  for  a  few  seconds  in  the  R.  F.  If  on  the  contrary  the  color  is  due  to 
gold.  It  will  remnin  unchanged  in  the  R.  F.  A  large  button  should  not  be 
cooled  rapidly,  as  it  Is  apv  to  "sprout"  or  throw  out  branch-like  projections, 
thus  losing  .sliver.  If  heated  too  strongly  after  brightening,  the  button  loses 
silver  by  a  combination  with  lead  oxide,  forming  a  rose-colored  coating  on  the 
cupel.  This  latter,  however,  must  not  be  mistaken  for  the  bright  orange  red 
coating  frequently  formed  by  the  litharge  alone  near  the  rim  of  tno  cupel. 
Should  the  button  have  a  pure  deep  gold  color  it  may,  for  the  purposes  of  this 
article,  be  considered  pure  gold,  as  2  per  cent,  of  silver  will  give  gold  a  brass 
yellow  color,  and  a  comparatively  white  globule  may  contain  as  large  a  per- 
centage of  gold,  as  40  per  cent.  It  is  therefore  necessary  to  separate  the  silver 
from  the  gold. 

When  gold  is  present  in  an  amount  not  to  exceed  the  proportion  of  one  part 
of  gold  to  two  and  one-half  parts  of  silver,  it  Is  separated  bv  a  process  known 
as  "parting."  The  globule  is  heated  with  moderately  stro!  t;  nitric  acid,  and 
all  the  silver  is  dissolved,  leaving  the  gold  a  dark  residue.  Even  If  the  button, 
after  fixing  and  brightening,  Is  silver-white  and  lustrous,  it  may  still  contain 
4  per  cent,  of  gold,  and  therefore  nil  globules  obtained  from  cupel  action  s^imuld 
be  parted,  and  in  order  to  be  on  the  safe  side  an  an  nt  of  pure  silver  should 
■be  added  and  fused  with  borax  glass  on  ch.iroo  with    the   globule, 

varying  from  two  and  one-half  times  the  weight  >  on  in  cases  of  a 

brags-yellow  globule  to  hal*  the  weight  in  that  oi  r-whl»      globule. 

In  this  fusion  a  moderate  R.  F,  should  bo  used  and  ouected  upo'i   the  siMHI 
until  the  metals  are  well  fused  and  thoroughly  mixed. 

The  resulting  globule  should  be  gently  heated  In  a  test  tui  »vith  diluted 
<three-quarter  strength)  nitric  acid  and  the  silver  dissolved  out,  le;  Ing  the 
gold  in  a  dark  brown  or  black  spongy  mass  or  in  separate  particles. 

The  cessation  of  bubbles  indicates  that  the  silver  has  been  dissolved  and 
the  acid  should  then  be  boiled  a  short  time,  the  solution  poured  off  and  the 
proportion  of  gold  present  estimated  from  the  amount  left  in  the  test  tube  in 
-comparison  with  the  whole  amount  tested. 

After  a  portion  of  the  ore  under  examination  has  been  tested  as  descrlb» 
'In  the  preceding  sections  for  gold  and  silver,  take  in  the  platinum  forceps 
small  part  of  the  rock  that  has  been  put  aside  and  labeled,  moisten  it  wiiii 
hydrochloric  acid,  and  heat  it  in  the  tlame.     The  latter  should  be  colored  a 
beautiful  blue  if  copper  be  present. 

If  this  reaction  is  not  obtained,  a  small  amount  of  the  powder  should  be 
used  to  saturate  a  bead  of  microcoamic  salt  on   platinum  wire  and  adding 
chloride  of  sodium  (salt),  when  the  blue  flame  should  result  if  copper  b' 
present  In  appreciable  quantities. 

When  the  presence  of  copper  is  ascertained,  a  small  portion  of  the  fine 
powder  is  mixed  with  three  times  its  volume  of  soda  and  a  little  water  into  a 
stiff  paste.  A  moderately  deep  cavity  is  then  made  in  a  piece  of  charcoal 
and  the  bottom  covered  with  this  paste.  After  two  or  three  minutes  treat- 
ment with  a  strong  R.  F..  if  the  substance  is  not  readily  fused  the  assay 
may  be  cooled  and  powdered  and  a  little  more  soda  added.  On  a  second 
treatment  one  or  more  me*  illlc  buttons  should  have  been  collected,  which 
can  be  separated  by  a  kni  ■  -olade  from  any  slag  or  fused  soda  that  has  not 
sunk  into  the  coal. 

The  metallic  globules  so  reduced  are  either  pure  copper  or  an  alloy  with 
other  reducible  metals.  .,,        ,,         i,,*„- 

Where  the  globule  is  pure  copper,  the  surface  is  often  darkened,  but  may 
be  brightened  and  a  copper  color  obtained.  If  rubbing  fails  to  show  the  true 
•color  of  copper  or  one  of  Its  alloys,  the  globule  should  be  heated  for  a  minute 
or  two  In  the  inner  edge  of  th^  O.  F.  and.  when  cooled,  hammered  out  and 

^  It  then  the  true  color  Is  not  obtained,  but  the  globule  is  still  dark,  add  a 
small  portion  of  borax  and  treat  it  again  in  the  O.  F.  to  brighten  and  remove 
traces  of  sulphur.  Too  short  a  treatment  of  soda  in  the  beginning  is  often  a 
cause  of  failure  to  beginners  In  this  test. 

Although  copper  and  most  of  Its  compounds  are  easily  reducible  by  the 
above  process.  If  the  presence  of  copper  is  ascertained  by  coloration  of  the 
flame  in  the  platinum  .'orceps.  or  with  microcosmlc  salt,  but  cannot  be  reduced 
to  a  metallic  globule,  the  ore  is  probably  a  sulphide,  arsenide,  or  selenide  of 
>coDper  and  should  be  first  roasted.  To  roast  the  powder,  make  a  wide, 
shallow  cavity  in  a  piece  of  charcoal  and  spread  over  it  a  layer  of  the  pow- 
dered^ubslancor  pressing  it  down  gently  with  the  end  of  the  agate  pestle. 


■:  '^ll 


192 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Heat  gently  at  first  with  the  O.  P.  to  avoid  fusing  and  then  bring  it  to  a  low 
red  heat  until  the  garlic  fumes  of  arsenic  or  sulphur  fumes  are  no  longer 
perceptible.  Then  treat  alternately  in  the  O.  P.  and  R.  F.  until  no  fumes 
escape.  The  powder  will  then  usually  form  a  crust,  which  .should  be  carefully 
turned  with  a  knife-blade  and  the  bottom  treated  in  the  same  manner. 

After  portions  of  the  ore  under  examination  have  been  tested  for  silver, 
gojd  and  copper,  as  before  described,  a  small  portion  of  the  powder  is  placed 
In  a  shallow  cavity  on  charcoal  and  the  lamp  turned  downward,  so  that  the 
ticxine  can  be  directed  downward  upon  it.  In  the  O.  F.  lead  is  volatile  and 
In  the  R.  P.  is  is  also  volatile  and  colors  the  flame  an  azure  blue. 

Near  the  assay  a  dark  yellow  lemon  coat  is  left  on  the  charcoal,  while  at  a 
distance  the  coating  Is  sulphur  yellow.  Lead  fuses  easily,  and  when  sulphide 
or  chloride  are  heated  before  the  blowpipe  on  charcual,  they  fuse  and  deposit 
a  white  coating  outside  of  the  yellow  coat  above  described.  The  white  coat 
is  volatile  in  R.  F.  and  tinges  it  blue. 

Lead  li  metallic  globules  may  be  readily  obtained  from  Its  oxides  and 
most  of  Its  salts  by  the  reduction  tests  before  described.  The  globule  Is  a 
light  bluish  fe^ay  In  color,  malleable  and  soft.  The  characteristic  reaetlong 
are  the  coatings  it  gives  the  coal  and  the  azure  blue  tinge  It  Imparts  to  the 
R.  P.  Lead  Is  ei-slly  volatilized  and  very  fusible,  yielding  a  metalMc  globule 
very  readily,  so  th.xt  care  must  be  taken  to  continue  the  heating  no  longer 
than  necessary  to  obtain  the  metal.  When  lead  Is  reduced  on  charcoal.  It  may 
safely  be  said  that  the  first  globule  to  appear  Is  lead,  and  the  assay  may  be 
cooled  and  the  globule  or  e-IoV)ulef"  may  be  detached  from  the  slag  and  unfused 
I  M'Ps  with  the  knife  blade.  Their  weight  compared  to  that  of  the  assay 
will  determine  the  proporuon  of  lead  in  the  ore. 


LIST    OP    APPARATUS. 

1  common  blowpipe  (brass). 

1  blowpipe  lamp  and  stand. 

1  pint  rape  seed  oil. 

1/^  dozen  wicks  to  fit  lamp. 

1  mortar  and  pestle. 

1  dozen  standard  size  blowpipe  Char- 
cot 

3  piece:-  platinum  wire  3  Inches  long, 
jewelers'  No.  12»4  hole. 

1  pair  brass  wire  forceps,  platinum 
tips. 

1  4  ounce   hammer. 

1  piece   lV2X>/<!x3-!nr'h    hardened    steel. 

1  dozen  %  test  tubes,  6  inches  long, 
of  hardened  glass. 

1  magnifying  glass,   double  lens. 

1  roll  stout   wrapping  paper  (5  yds). 


CHEMICALS. 
2  ounces  blborate  soda. 
?  ounces   blcarbonffcte   soda. 

1  ounce  mlcrosmlc  salts. 

2  ounces   concentrated    sulphuric   acid. 
2  ounces  concentrated  nitric  acid. 

2  ounces      concentrated      hydrochlorlo 

acid. 

(All  In  glass-stoppered  bottles.) 
8  ounces  pure  test  lead. 
2  ounces  pure  silver. 
8  ounces  finely  powdered  bone  ashi.. 


[THE    END.l 


p.. 


MINING    lU  THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


zvU 


i^a.  S.rf^^!^^J  "/^'°r  y*'"'"  oonsiaera.lon  the  plan  of  The  Co-operative  Mm- 
■iJ!,^»,w?^^  I^  ^  i  '^^f''"®  ^°  ^^^^  y°"'"  aitention  to  Its  economicdi,  safe  and 
S^*^.  1.,  ^'^".°??  °^  accumulating  money  for  the  development  of  mining 
piuperiy,  and  the  equitable  division  of  the  profits  derived  from  Its  succeddful 
Investment, 

"Vvhen  nien  of  small  means  found  out  that  a  buslneos  enterprise  which 
no  one  of  tnem  could  conauct  alone,  was  possible  for  theia  by  uniting  tnelr 
Jabor   and   tntir  cap-ral,    they  discovered  tne  secret  of  co-operanon." 

1  he  plan  Is  neunei  new  nur  untried,  and  Is  based  upon  tne  oounuest  busi- 
ness principles.  No  mining  coinpauy  can  be  safer  or  sounoer.  ino  obliga- 
tions are  assumed  beyond  such  as  can  be  absolutely  met.  The  Syndicate  la 
purely  co-operailve,  and  each  memuer  is  Interested  In  all  the  asaets  in  pro- 
portion to  tne  number  of  snares  of  stock  he  holds. 

L/BJl!iC'r.— The  Co-operative  Mining  bynuicate  Is  organized  with  the 
object  In  view: 

First— To  furnish  a  convenient  and  economical  method  of  accumulating, 
and  a  sate,  scl'.nurtc  and  proiiiabie  method  of  Investing  the  funds  inirusiwl 
to  It,  in  tne  deveiojinient  of  the  woiiuertuily  rich  mining  resouices  of  the 
fltaic  of  Washington  and  British  Columbia. 

Second--To  arrange  its  plan  of  opt-iation  so  that  the  golden  opportunity 
to  realize  handsome  prortts  is  within  tne  reach  of  all,  the  poor  ana  the  rich 
alike. 

Third— To  keep  the  wealth  of  our  mines  at  home  rather  than  see  It  go  to 
foreign  countries. 

Fourth — 'lo  uuy  and  develop  as  many  mines  as  ^an  be  economically 
worked,  and  thus  entirely  eliminate  the  uncertainty  attendant  on  the 
clevelopment  of  one  mine.  In  other  words,  by  scattering  our  investment! 
we  are  certain  to  secure  one  or  more  rich  mines. 

Fif til— Tt,  get  the  values  out  of  the  ground,  Instead  of  from  fluctuatioiu 
of  stock,  oy  which  unwise  plan  Peier  is  so  often  robbed  to  pay  Paul. 

Sixth— To  divide  the  prortts  among  the  people  who  furnian  the  money 
and  the  labor  tor  the  work.  Instead  of  giving  the  lion's  snare  to  so-caiied 
piomoters. 

PL.AN  OF  OPERATION.— Members  are  all  stockholders  i* The  Syndicate, 
on  an  equitauie  basis,  and  pay  lot  tueir  stock  by  Installments  in  small  -uma 
each  moi.tn.  Thus  the  capital  is  gathered  together  for  invetstment.  Kach 
share  of  stock  has  a  par  value  of  J60.  When  The  Syndicate  has  received 
from  installments,  and  the  pro  rata  share  of  prohts  du<>  a  share,  a  suiticient 
amount  to  equal  its  par  value,  the  share  Is  fully  paid,  and  thereafter  non- 
assessable, and  entitled  to  its  full  pro  rata  share  of  the  profits  in  cash. 

All  the  I.) vestments  of  The  Syndicate  are  made  only  after  a  tnorough 
Inspection  by  tellable  experts,  and  the  work  of  development  done  under  the 
Bupervlslon  of  and  by  experienced  miners.  To  do  mining  successfully  re- 
quires experience.  The  mer;e  finding  of  a  t'ecc  of  mineral-bearing  rock 
does  not  prove  that  you  have  a  mine,  even  If  it  does  assay  well.  Without 
the  knowledge  and  experience,  th  d  hnder's  own  money  and  the  money  of  hU 
friends  may  be  squandered  without  results,  and  his  falsely  raised  hopes 
vanish. 

EXPENSES.— The  expenses  of  this  Syndicate  are  paid  out  of  the  profits. 
No  portion  of  the  payments  of  the  members  can  be  used  to  pay  office  rent, 
or  office  expenses,  or  salaries  to  the  officers  or  employes  of  The  Syndicate, 
either  dlre<tly  or  Indirectly.  Every  cent  must  go  to  pay  tor  property 
bought  or  to  the  emyrtoyes  engaged  In  developing  that  property,  and  their 
eupplles.  The  officers  are  conservative  and  economical  in  the  management 
of  the  affairs  of  the  Syndicate.  Large  expenses  mean  small  proiits;  but  low 
expenses  mean  Increased  prollts  ana  satisfied  members. 

QUARTERLY  EXAMINATION  OF  THE  BOOKS  OF  THE  SYNDICATE. 
—It  Is  th«-  duty  of  the  advisory  board  to  meet  In  January,  April,  July  and 
October  each  year.  They  shall  at  each  meeting  appoint  an  auaiting  commit- 
tee of  three  to  examine  the  Investments,  books  and  accounts  of  the  Syndi- 
cate and  make  a  full  sworn  report  of  their  Investigation  to  alt  tho  members. 
This  advisory  board  consists  of  twenty  members,  none  of  whom  can  be 
trus-^ees.  The  board  also  will  advise  with  the  trustees  as  to  purchase  or 
eaie  of  all  properties.  _  ,_      .^,       , 

WHO  MAY  BKCOMB  MEMBERS.-Any  person,  upon  subscribing  for  or 
In  any  way  becoming  tiie  owiiui  of  a  fraction  of  a  share,  or  one  or  more 
Bhaea  of  the  aock  of  this  Syndicate,  shall  become  a  member  thereof,  and 
as  such  shall  be  entitled  to  all  the  benefits  and  profits  as  prescribed  by  the 
articles  of  Incorpomtlon  and  by-laws.  Provided  that  minors  or  corporations 
may  become  members  and  hold  stock  In  the  name  of  a  trustee.  Bach  stock- 
holder or  trustee,  on  receiving  his  certificate  of  stock,  shall  be  considered  aa 
binding  himself,  in  all  respects,  to  comply  with  the  articles  of  incorporation 
and  by-laws,  and  all  regulations  adopted  under  them.  Applications  for  stock 
must  be  made  on  a  blank  form  f u rnlslied  by  The  Syndicate. 

-,,  -.  ui<  Si'Oi  K.-The  sto.;k  of  The  Co-operative  Mining  Syndicate 
Is  divided  Into  shares  of  $50  each,  payable  In  Installments.  Wnen  the  Install- 
ments Mid  and  profits  credited  amount  to  $dO,  the  share  Is  fully  paid.  No 
more  Installments  will  be  required,  and  the  share  wilt  receive  its  dividends 
thereafter  li.  cash.    The  Installments  are:  .  »v.      ^_ 

Erther  $25  00  per  share  a  year;  or  $12.50  per  share  ev^ry  six  months;  or 
46.26  p<r  share  every  three  months;  or  $2.00  per  share  every  month. 


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MliWli^b    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


The  profits  are  credited  on  contributing  stock  only.  The  non-contrlb- 
utlng  stock  Is  held  in  trust  by  three  trustees  for  the  benefit  of  all  fully  paid 
and  contributing  members.  The  terms  of  the  trust  agreement  are  such  that 
the  trustees  shall  divide  all  the  profits  accruing  from  premiums  derived 
from  the  sale  of  this  stck  and  all  the  dividends  apportioned  to  this  .stock, 
share  and  share  alike,  a',  .ong  the  members.  Thus  the  unsold  -^tock  is  pooled 
not  for  the  benefit  of  all  the  promoters,  but  for  the  benefit  of  all  the  mem- 
bers who  get  all  the  dividends  that  accrue  to  It,  as  well  as  its  advance  In 
value. 

All  shares  earn  pro-rata  dividends  or  profits,  and  all  dividends  are  divided 

PAYMENTS   ON   CONTRACTS   NON-PORFEITABLB. 

The  payments  made  on  a  contract  to  purchase  stock  In  the  Co-operative 
Mining  Syndicate  cannot  be  forfeited. 

.  The  smallest  amount  received  $2,  buys  a  full  paid,  non-assessable  cer- 
tlflcate  of  stock  for  1-25  of  a  share,  or  a  like  proportion,  no  matter  if  the  pur- 
chaser is   paying  on  one  share  or  more 

TRANSFERS.— The  regular  fee  of  twenty-five  cents  is  charged  for  each 
certificate  of  stock  transferred.  No  transfer  Is  valid  unless  made  on  the 
books  of  The  Syndicate. 

METHOD  OF  INVESTING  MONEY.— First— It  is  an  iron-clad  rule  of 
our  Board  of  Trustees  to  never  purchase  a  "prospect"  for  cash;  and  it  is  our 
plan  to  always  arrange  for  a  certain  portion  of  development  work  as  a  first 
payment  on  any  property  we  bond,  demanding  In  the  "bond"  ample  time  to 
discover  values  before  making  a  payment  of  any  material  sum. 

Second— The  expenditures  are  limited  to  development  work  only,  until  a 
property  shall  show  up  sufficient  "pay  ore"  to  guarantee  the  investment  In 
machinery  for  operating  It.  Each  property  is  handled  on  its  own  merit  and 
expense  stopped  as  soon  as   we  have  reason  to   doubt  its  value. 

Third— A  number  of  our  best  miners  carry  stock    and   are  Interested   In 

making  a  dollar  go  as  far  as  possible.     Knowing  that  we   are  continually 

opening  properties,  they  do  not  hesitate  to  recommend  the  stoppage  of  work 

on  any  given  property,  If  they  ha\      reason  to  do  so,  as  they  are  sure  of 

'employfnent. 

EXPENSES  OF  INVESTMENT.— Our  expenses  are  limited  to  inspections 
of  new  properties,  and  thfe  superintendence  of  those  under  development. 
Each  property  is  inspected  semi-monthly  by  our  experts,  and  every  care  is 
taken  to  avoid  wasting  a  dollar.  Situated  as  we  are,  In  close  contact  to  the 
properties  we  are  operating:,  we  have  ready  access  to  them,  as  a  Board  of 
Trustees  and  Officers,  and  by  our  personal  attention  can  have  perfect  knowl- 
edge of  all  the  details.  In  which  we  have  great  advantages  over  many  syndi- 
cates and  corporations  who  conduct  such  matters  through  agents,  often 
thousands  of  miles  distant. 

HOW  MONEY  IS  HANDI^ED.- Every  protection  possible  has  been  given 
to  the  funds  of  The  Syndicate.  All  officers  who  handle  money  are  placed 
under  ample  bonds  or  furnish  Fidelity  Insurance  in  some  reliable  company. 
The  receipts  collected  by  the  Treasurer  and  his  agents  are  deposited  dally  to 
the  credit  of  The  Syndicate  in  the  Scandinavian-American  Bank.  The  Treas- 
urer can  not  check  them  out.  This  money  can  only  be  paid  out  on  checks 
signed  by  both  the  Secretary  and  President  of  The  Syndicate.  Money  is  not 
allowed  to  accumulate  In  banks,  but  is  invested  as  rapidly  as  It  can  safely 
be,  after  careful  examination  Justifies  Its  Investment. 

BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES  AND  ADVISORY  BOARD.— The  Syndicate  has 
a  Board  of  seven  Trustees  and  an  Advisory  Board  of  twenty,  all  of  whom 
must  be  members  of  The  Syndicate.  They  are  elected  at  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  stockholders,  on  the  second  Tuesday  In  February  of  each  year. 

Members  who  have  one  paid-up  share  or  more  have  one  vote.  Members 
who  are  not  able  to  be  present  at  the  annual  meeting  may  vote  by  proxy. 
No  prescribed  form  of  proxy  shall  be  necessary,  but  any  written  authority 
stened  by  a  member,  substantially  delegating  his  authority  to  vote,  shall  be 
sQliicient.  The  officers  will  take  pleasure  in  explaining  everything  connected 
with  their  methods  of  doing  business  to  shareholders  or  others  desiring  to 
become  members.  The  Board  of  Trustees  is  made  up  of  business  men,  whose 
records  all  who  intend  hocomlng  members  are  invited  to  investigate. 
^BRANCH  SYNDICATES.— Branches  of  THE  CO-OPERATTVE  MINING 
SYNDICATE  may  be  established  In  towns  where  sufficient  business  Is  done 
tQ  warrant  it,  by  five  or  more  shareholders  associating  themselves  together- 
aiid  electing  a  president,  vice  rresldent,  secretary,  treasurer  and  not  more 
than  seven  trustees.  These  officers  shall  be  deemed  the  agents  of  such 
members,  and  not  of  The  Syndicate.  Syndicates  from  their  nature  cannot 
bp  successful  In  small  towns;  accumulations  are  too  slow.  This  chief  ob- 
jection Is  removed  by  a  large  and  general  business.  The  officers  of  theae 
nranches  should  consider  themselves,  in  some  sense,  representative  of  the 
ittcrests  of  the  membe'Ti  In  the  locality,  and  should  correspond  freely 
W^th  the  central  office  of  The  Syndicate,  and  examine  the  books,  paperap 
uid  records.  The  Syndicate  looks  to  Its  branches  for  great  assistance  1» 
the  sale  of  stock,  at.i  their  services  will  be  fully  appreciated. 

THE  CO-OPERfiTIVB  MINING  SYNDICATE,  112  Columbia  Street,  Se- 
attle. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


The  Canadian  Gold 

Fields  Syndicate,  Ltd. 

mCMVMUIBB  UK^'A  THi  IHPnUL  ACT,  It62. 


i:i>;u|1 


Kxploratton  a»«  Mlmlnv  Syadleivte  Nmw  Opesmtlnir  tke  Brnmrnti 
Gr*M»  •■  Dear  Park  BI*«a^«lB  wt  Itoaalamd,  aad  th*  JmuU*,  A 
•liver  Property   la    tk«   Slocan. 


Caplt«lizat1«tt  of  10,000,000  snares  of  tk* 
Par  Valu*  of  10  Cevts  Bacli. 


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ity 
be 
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to 
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in 


Stock  sold  only  at  par.   Absolutsly  non-assMsabla  and  no  personal  naMllty. 

go  prcmoters'  sharu,  all  the  stock  being  In  the  trtasury  for  the  purpeawi  oi 
•  company. 
It  iB  only  Intended  to  sell  two  million  sharea  of  the  atook  at  present,  tha| 
belnr  ■ufficlent  te  pay  for  the  properties  now  under  bond,  equip  them  wlta 
machinery  and  provide  ample  worklnc  capital.  The  remalnlns  snares  In  thf 
treasury  do  not  participate  In  the  profits,  but  can  be  sold  at  any  time  ttut 
Syndicate  desires  to  acquire  other  flrst-class  properties. 

Purchasers  of  Syndicate  shares  at  pur,  ten  cents,  participate  In  the  profltl 
Of  every  transaatlaa  ef  the  eompany. 


THE  SUNSET  GROUP 

Oa  Dear  Park  Veuntaln.  adjolnlnc  Rossland,  la  now  beln«  aotlrelr  darelepat 
by  the  Canadltn  Oeld  PMelds  Syndicate,  Limited.  ^  .      ^   ^.  . 

The  shaft  on  the  Sunset  No.  2  Is  now  down  70  feet,  and  the  whole  shaft  la 
In  pay  ere. 

Tlve  assays  made  from  fair  samples  olear  acroee  tb«  shaft  five  tli*  folo 
lowln«  results  In  told:    No.  1,  $44.00;  No.  2,  $42.00;  No.  8,  $60.40;  No.  4,  $4S.0i| 

"is'thereanother  shaft  In  the  eamp  th*t  win  tlv«  wiperlor  resultiT 

Flans  fer  a  comj»l«te  stesm  holsl,  air  compressor  and  four-drill  plant  Mf 
under  way,  an4  as  leon  as  equiiiped  the  extraotlon  and  Rlilpraent  at  ptty  M* 
In  quantity  will  be  cemmenced.  ......         <  m..     tt  w        ^ 

A  sears  and  samplse  of  ore  can  be  seen  at  the  office  of  The  Waltere  Ca. 
Intending  purchasers  ef  stock  are  oordlally  Invited  to  oall  at  the  compaar'a 
office,  when  they  will  be  taken  to  examine  th#  mine.  ».,      .  - 

•ukecrlDtlons  are  now  Invited  for  the  fully  paid,  non-aeseesable  aharaa  el 
the  Can.dlsn  Gold  Fields  Syndicate.  Limited  at  10  cents  per  share. 

No  ordar  filled  for  less  than  five  hundred  shares  Swid  ordere  and  rwnlt- 
tanoee  direct  or  through  any  bank. 


THE  WAITERS  CO.,  LTO.  LY. 

GENERAL  MINE  BROKERS, 
ROSSLAND. 

Aqents  Wanted. 

C.We-"Walter.  ••  Rossland.    U»  aottlh'i,  Llobor'a.  Moroln*  *  Noal^l 
-aad  Jledford-McNem'a  Cede/i. 


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1:, 


XX  MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 

Assayer  and  Chemist . . 

C.  E.  BOGARDUS, 
CITY  CHEMIST. 


Analyser  ot  ConI,  Watem,  Paints,  011»,  Poisons,  Milk,  Etc.  Chem- 
loal  work  of  all  kinds  done. 


00  COLVMDIA   STREET,   DEiTWEElV    WESTERN    AND     FIRST    AVBJ- 
NLES,  SEATTLE,   WASH. 


Central  Washitigtoti  Railroad. 


€.  p.  CHANBERLIN. 


Receiver. 


The  cheapest  and  only  direct  route  between  Spokane,  Wash.,  and  the  D«»er 
Trail  and  Cedar  Canyon  Mines,  the  ColviDe  Reservation,  Methow,  Goat  Creek, 
Olianogan  couniry  and  Waterviile,  Close  connections  maae  with  stage 
lines  at  Davenport,  Wilbur  and  Coulee  City. 

Trairs  leave  Snokane  at  7:45  a.  m.,  and  arrive  at  Coulee  City  at  2:15  p,  m. 
dally,  except  Sunday.  For  further  information  call  on  or  address  Agnnt* 
Central  Washington  Railroad. 

F.  R.  HANKE,  General  Passenger  Ageflt. 


Telephone  004. 


Open  All  NUrht. 


Cafe  Alladio 


.Snooeasor  to  SCIFFEIRT  BR01» 


The  Leading  Cafe  and  Bar  In  the  City. 
All  Brands  of  Imported  Wines,  Liquors  and  Cigars. 

P.  iiLLf.D:o.  Prapneior.  no  ond  i  12  N.  howqki  si.,  mm.  m 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 


m. 
InU 


Pasre. 
PREFACE    .  3 

INTRODUCTORY   '. $ 

MONTE  CRISTO   "..'". U 

GOAT  LAKE '. ".  15 

SILVERTON   *"/"', ". 17 

SULTAN '.  .^^"^11"!".!!!!!!!!]!!!!!!!"]!!!!]!!!!!!!! 23 

SILVER  CREEK [ !..!!!!!!...!!.!!]!..!.!!.!!  28 

INDEX ". !]!!!!!!!!..!!!!!!!!.....!!.  83 

MILLER   RIVER   ', ^ 

MONEY  CREEK   ', ". ". 39 

SNOQyALMIE   40 

BUENA  VISTA  43 

SUMMIT  43 

CEDAR  RIVER 4S 

ST.  HELENS  48 

WHITE  HORSE  50 

THE  SKAGIT  COPPER  BELT  52 

THE    CASCADE   64 

SLATE  CREEK  68 

THUNDER    CREEK    68 

RUTH  CREEK  69 

THE  CHICO  TIN  MINES  60 

GOLD  CREEK  60 

CLE-ELUM  61 

THE  ICICLE  66 

THE  SWAUK  66 

WENATCHEE  70 

PESHASTIN   AND  NEGRO  CREEKS   ^ 71 

LEAVENWORTH 78 

LAKE   CHELAN 80 

STEHBKIN   DISTRICT  • 82 

THE  METHOW  85 

THE   TWISP W 

SALMON  RIVER 92 

,OKANOGAN  LAKE   94 

PALMER  MOUNTAIN  97 

THE  COLVILLE  RESERVATION   105 

NORTHPORT  ^0 


COLVILLE   

CEDAR  CANYON  ^^ 

MINERAL  CREEK  JJJ 

TRAIL  CREEK J" 

SLOGAN    Vf 

AINSWORTH I™ 

NELSON  ," 

BOUNDARY  CREEK  |^ 

NORTH  KETTLE  RIVER  ^ 

CAMP  McKINNEY   t?l 

FAIRVIEW  AND  KEREMEOS  \^ 

THE  COAST  DISTRICT  JJJ 

HARRISON  LAKE  ^g^ 

THE  SMELTERS   ' ^gj 

DIGEST  OF  MINING  LAWS  ^^ 

THE   REDUCTION  OF  ORES   ^g, 

CYANIDE  TREATMENT  OF  ORES  -^^ 

BLOWPIPE  ANALYSIS  ' 


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MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


'^^>tTHEvva- 


Dou&las  Mlnin^p  Investment 

and  Brokera^  Co.,  Ltd.t 

Vancouver,  B.  C.  139  Cordova  St. 


C.  S.  DOUGLAS,    -    -    -    Managing  Director 


Mining  Prooerties  Bcught  and  So!d  In 
All  the  Mining  Districts  ef 
British  Columbia. 


W«  have  mining  properties  In  the  following  camps  that  are  worth  th» 
attention  of  investors:  Texada  Island,  Shoal  Bay  and  Harrison  Lake,  wher« 
cost  of  mining  and  transportation  Is  very  low,  owing  to  water  transportation 
the  year  around  to  coast  smelters;  LUlooet,  Clg  Bend  of  the  Columbia  (free 
milling  gold  propositions).  Boundary  Creek  (free  milling  gold  proposition), 
Blocan  and  Trout  Lake. 

Quotations  given  on  mining  shares  in  all  companies  operating  in  British 
Columbia. 

Prospectors  having  mineral  claims  which  they  want  to  sell,  or  have  de« 
reloped,  are  invited  to  correspond  with  us. 

Correspondence  with  investors  invited. 

Agents  for  the  following  companies: 

Big  Bend  Gold  Fields,  Ltd.,  owning  six  mineral  claims,  or  818  acres  of 
mineral  ground,  traversed  by  numerous  quartz  ledges  carrying  free  gold, 
Situated  on  the  headwaters  of  the  famous  McCuUough  Creek  (whose  placers 
have  yielded  over  half  a  million  dollars  in  gold).  In  the  Big  Bend  of  the 
Columbia,  Kootenay.  Capital,  $2,000,000,  In  2,000,000  shaits  of  $1  each,  fully 
paid  up  and  non-assessable.     One  ni'illon  shares  set  aside  for  development. 

Hegina  Mining  Company  of  Slocan.  Ltd.  Capital,  $200,000,  In  400.000  share* 
of  50  oen.L8  each;  100,000  shares  In  treasury.  Mine  on  Two  Friends  Mountain, 
on  Springer  Creek,  Slocan  District,  Kootenay.  Ore  runs  201  ounces  silver 
and  }2.'>  gold. 

Albernl  Mountain  Rose,  a  free  milling  gold  proposition.  In  the  wonderfully 
rich  Albernl  District,  Vancouver  Island.  Capital,  $2ou,000.  in  260,000  $1  shares; 
100.000  nharea  sot  aside  for  developing  property,  which  is  being  done  as  rapidly 
as  puastble. 

The  Harrison  Lake  Star  Mining  Company.  Capital,  |500,0UO.  In  600,000 
■bares  of  |1  each;   260.000  shares  in  the  treasury. 

Capital,  $600,000,  In  500,000  shares  of  H  eachj 

Four  mineral  claims  on  east  side  Harrison 

ing  gold  proposttlc. 

Prospectuses  of  above  companies  and  price  of  shares  sent  to  any  address 
•u  application. 

favorable  terms  will  b*  made  with  responsible  brokers  In  United  Statsa 
aad  Canada  for  handling  blocks  of  stocks  In  any  of  the  abova  comoanlea. 

eegistered  Cable  Address:      "Stanford." 
odes:    A  B  C ,  4th  edition,  and  Morelns  *  NsaL 


wuireB  oi  ti  eacn;   icou.uuu  snares  in  inc 
Cliff  Uold  Mining  Company.     Capl 

E.OOO  shares   in   tlit   treasury.      Four 
ke.     Free  milling  gold  proposition. 


INDEX  TO  MAPS. 


WASHINGTON  AND  SOUTHKRN  BRITISH  COLUMBIA. ..  .Opp.  title  page 

MONTK  CRISTO  AND  GOAT  LAKE  Qpp.  p.   "  8 

8ILVERTON  Opp.  p.    ,8 

8ULTAN  Opp.  p.    22 

SILVER  CRHEK  Opp.  p,    32 

INDEX  ; Opp.  p.    34 

MILLER  RIVER,  MONEY  CREEK  AND  BUENA  VISTA Opp.  p.    36 

SNOQUALMIE Opp.  ».    40 

SUMMIT   Opp.  p.   M 

CEDAR  RIVER  Opp.  p.    « 

ST.   HELENS  Opp.  p.    IB 

WHITE  HORSE  Opp,  p.    iU 

CASCADE,  THUNDER  AND  STEHEKIN  DISTRICTS  Opp.  p.    04 

SLATE.  RUBY  AND  CANYON  CREEKS  Opp.  p.    68 

GOLD  CREEK  Opp.  p.    TO 

GLE-ELUM  Opp.  p.    C 

SWAUK  Opp.  p.    N 

NEGRO  AND  PESHASTIN  CREEKS  Opp.  p.    12 

liEAVENWORTH  Opp.  p.    ffi 

LAKE  CHELAN    Opp.  p.    » 

THE  METHOW  Opp.  p.    g4 

THE  TWISP  Opp.  p.    Be 

PALMER  MOUNTAIN  Opp.  p.    98 

RESERVATION    Opp.  p.  1(» 

CEDAR  CANYON  Opp.  p.  IM 

TRAIL  CREEK Opp.  p.  122 

SLOGAN  Opp.  p.  138 

BOUNOARY  CREEK Opp.  p.  IM 


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MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


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VrVj  HANDLE  MINES.  STOCKS  AND  REAL.  ESTATE  AND  ARE 
ACKNTS  FOR  ORIGINAL  TOWNSITE  OP  ROSSLAND  AND  THE  RAIIi> 
WAY  ADDITION  TO  ROSSLAND.      LET  US 

Invest  Your  Money^ 

WE  ARE  THE  LEADING  INVESTMENT  BROKERS.  REFER  TO  TH* 
RANKS  OF  ROSSLAND  OR  ANY  MERCANTILE  FIRM,  WE  HAVB 
MADE  THOUSANDS  OF  DOLLARS  FOR  OUR  CLIENTS  IN  ROSSLAND 
ShXURITIES.  LET  US  MAKE  YOU  SOME.  INDICATE  YOUR  PREF- 
ER RNCK-MINES.  STOCKS  OR  REAL  ESTATE.  AND  WHETTHER  TOU 
PRBFCR  LONG  OR  SHORT  TIME  INVESTMENTS.  WRITE  US.  WB 
WILL  GLADLY  ANSWER  ALL  QUERIES. 


The  Redd  in -Jackson  Co., 

LIMITED    LIABILITY 

108  Columbia  Av.,  Rosslaiid,  B.  C. 

P.  O.  BOX  397.  CABLE  ADDRESS  "REDDIN." 

USE     CLOUGH'S.     ABC  AND  LIBBER'S  CODEIS. 
C.  O'BRIEN   REDDIN.  President.  C.  P.  JACKSON,  See'y-Trewi. 


INDKX  TO  MINING  CLA1M8. 


\bbrevlatiouM:      gr.,    group;    cr.,    croek;    r.,    river;    mt.,    mount;    mtn., 
mountain;    t.,  lake;  C,  camp;  pi.,  placer;  ext.,  extension. 


m 


A.  Page. 

Abe  Lincoln,  Trail  cr 19 

Aberdeen,  OKanogan  1 96 

Aces  Up,  Miller  r 88 

Accidental.  North  Kettle 156 

Acme,  Tiall  cr 129 

(Vdams  gr.  Slocan 135 

Adirondack,   Klmberly  C,  Bound- 
ary   155 

Admiral  gr.,  Reservation.  109 

AJax,  Slocan  li<6 

Vlameda,  Slate  cr R8 

lame  gr.,  Slocan 134 

Alaska,    Leavenworth    79 

Alert  gr..  Reservation 107 

Alexandria,  Coast   165 

Alexandria,  Slocan  140 

Alice  &  Emma,  C.  McKinney 157 

Alice    May,    Northport Ill 

Alkl,   Trail  cr 125 

Allison  gr..  Palmer  mtn 102 

Alpha  gr.,   Index 36 

Alpine  gr.,  Slocan 141 

All   Up,  Coast 166 

Amazon  gr.,  Slocan 144 

American  Boy,  Smith's  C,  Bound- 
ary     150 

American  Boy,  Slocan .....136 

American  Eagle.  Cle-elum 62 

Anaconda,   Providence  C,  Bound- 
ary     150 

Anaconda,   Silver  cr 33 

Anaconda   gr.,    Index 35 

Anaconda,  Salmon  r 93 

Anacortes  gr.,    Sllverton 18 

Anacorles  gr..  Slate  cr 67 

Anarchist.  C    McKinney 157 

Anchor,  Long  Lake  C,  Boundary.163 

Andruss.  Reservation  110 

Anna,  Sliver  cr 27 

Annie,  Methow   89 

Annie.   Trail  cr 124 

Annie  gr.,  Snoqualmie 42 

Annie  Laurie.  Monte  Crlsto 14 

Antolne  gr..  Slocan 137 

Ap«x  gr..  Money  cr 39 

ArRO  gr.,  Slocan  133 

Argonaut,  Monte  Crlsto 14 

Arizona    &     Washington,     Buena 

Vista  43 

Arlington,  Snimon  r 92 

Arlington,  Sllverton  21 

Arlington  gr..  Slocan  140 

Asbestos  gr..  Sllverton 21 

Athabasca  gr.,  Nelson 147 

Athens  gr..  St.  Helens 60 

Aurora  gr.,  Cle-elum.... 61 


B. 

Babel  cr..  Okanogan  I ■•  M 

(Baby    L«v1e.   Sllverton n 

Barisrer.  Methow  » 

Bagley,  Wenatchee  71 


Pag«. 

Bald  Eagle,  Xclcle 86 

Bald  Eagle  gr..   Reservation 108 

Bald  Eagle,   Reservation 108 

Bald  Mountain.  Sllverton 28 

Ballard  pi.,  Salmon  r. M 

Baltimore,   Goat  1 IB 

Baltimore  gr.,  Palmer  mtn ICd 

Barney  Barnato,  Ukanogan  1 M 

Battle   Ax,   Cle-elum US 

Beatrice  &  Sunset,  Silver  cr 3B 

Beaver,    Cle-elum M 

Beck  gr.,  Slate  cr B7 

Belcher,    Salmon   r 94 

Bellevue  gr..  Palmer  mtn 100 

Bell  &  Crown  gr.,  Sllverton 13 

Belle    of    Tennessee     gr.,     Buena 

Vista  48 

Belle,   Miller   r SS 

Ben  Butler  gr.,  Palmer  mtn IQl 

Ben  Butler.   Silver  cr 3t 

Ben  Lummon,   Twisp 9i 

Ben  Lummon  gr.,  Alethow 88 

Bertha,  North  Kettle  r ISB 

Bertha.    Swauk    Tt 

Best,  Slocan 13V 

Big  Bear  gr.,  Sllverton Vi 

Big  Bear,  Swauk jEO 

Big  Bonanza,    Coast IQ 

Big  Bug,  Cle-elum n 

Big  Copper.    Sultaii 24 

Big  Eight  gr.,   Twlsp St 

Big  Elephant  gr.,   Leavenworth...  79 
Big  Four,  Klmberly  C,  Boundary. 15S 

Big  Four  gr.,  Sllverton J3 

Big  Fraction.   Methow 88 

Big  Hole,    Reservation ....JJ9 

Big  Iron.  Reservation IV 

Bigney  pi..  Swauk n 

Big  Raymond,   Silver  cr 3 

Billy  Lee,  Silver  cr n 

BIrton  gr.,    Reservation Iw 

Bismarck    gr.,    Chelan 8L 

Bismarck  gr..  Slate  cr G8 

Black  Bear.  Palmer  mtn .SB 

Black  Bess.  Providence  C,  Bound- 
ary   150 

Black  Canytn.  Cascade '91 

Black  Crystal.   Leavenworth 7* 

Black   Diamond,    Ainsworth 141 

Black  Diamond,  L.;avenworth 19 

Black  Brails.  St.  Helens W 

Black  Hawk  gr„  Index 34 

Black  Hawk  gr..  Summit 41 

Black  Jack,  Goat  1 If 

Black  Jp.ck,    Methow f9 

Black  .lick.    Peshastin T1 

Black   Man.    Leavenworth 78 

Plaok  Monday.  North  Kettle  r....l5< 

Black  pi.,  Swauk Kt 

Black  Pr!nce  gr.,  S'ocan .....14J 

Black  Prince   gr.,  Snoqualmie 41 

Black  Rock.  Trail  cr ]» 

Blackstone.   Silver  cr 3fl 

Black  Warrior,  Metbow St 


Is;: 


JU.V1 


MINING    IN    THE3    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST,' 


'  4 


:t:^^J'^A<!.j0^i 


ADAMANTINE 

8ho»8  and  Di4^4  and  ciirome 

C«r<4t  Mcfi  Ciams  T.ipiHits, 

bosses,  Eol  1 8h«ll4  and 

Crua.ier  Plates. 

Tk««*  oaattnya  ar«  axtenslvely  used  In  all  the  Mlntng 
Btat*«  and  Teirttorles  o'  North  and  South  America. 
Ouarantred  to  prove  better  and  cheaper  tlian  any 
•lilt  r.i  '■■■'^r«  ■elicited  »iibJeot  to  above  condltlotis. 
W>ien  orderl  -tg  send  sketch  with  exact  dimenstoni. 
Aeiid      f»r     II    icirMie-i    circular    to    CHROME    STEEL. 

,\V«>KK6,  Brooklyi;,  N.  Y.,  Kent  Avenue,  Keap  and 
U»oper  Sts.    C.    P.  Mau^hlan,   President;  F,  E.  Canaa, 

.Vice  r>r«>iii>tent:   C.   J.  Canda,   Secretary;  J.   G.  Dun»> 

.  CBWl^,    Traaaurar. 


W^.  T.  TOOMPSON. 

Associated  M.  A.  I.  M.  B. 

Fiaaeer  aa<)  I/'adin i  Hmin;  Bruksr of  Bonnlary  Creek  Distriat, B«C 
.-^ MTD^ATAY,    B.    O —.^ 

ABC,   Moreinc  A  Ncal's,  and  Clough't  Codea. 

Thereuffli  k.iji  vvipdue  of  uiiil  iunipl«<^<^  data  rurnlahed  refardlnr  any  9r9f» 
*«rty  In  f)knno»aii.  Boundary  Creek,  Slmllkani-en,  Tuiamaen,  or  any  part  •( 
Tale  DUtriot.  ProiiprHea  examined  and  renorttd  on.  No  "wild-cat"  clatnMI 
iMUfcht,  selil  er  handled.  Correspondence  solicited.  Netary  PuMlo  for  Prai^ 
vlMie  of  British  Columbia.  Seventeen  years'  roMdanoa  la  tlia  dlatrlat  •< 
Ta)«.  B.  C. 


MAUDE  J.  WILSON. 


B.  .2EWELL  WATKIlfS. 


Stenographers  and    Copyists 

•  Niilil  IVerk  a  SpMslaity.       Ntawt^rurii  WtrlL. 


'a'«l«ption.«    Rmdi    mti±. 


Roojn  315  Bailey  Building:. 


Seattle,  Wash. 


ASSAYifR  AND 
CHEMIST. 


All     bustnoM  etrlotly 
and     acftiraoy     (uarant**u 


•«    *lt 


expreaa  samples.     Prlco  tiaC  «a. 
pllcattaa. 


Office  wild  Laboratory  RoortiH,  .)4-35  Roxwell  BuHdlac 
Cor.  First  Ave.  utid  Columbia  St.,  Seattle,  Waah. 


(gatahttrtiort  Is  iMQ^ 


D.     »»'     V\  w*!.    Ohl^f   of    Detective    System. 
H.   Surry.  Chief  uf  Patrol  System. 

,     WKST    cfe    SUKKY, 

Puuct    f^oiind    Deteuttve   Agencv   atid  IVIerchaats'  PoHcd   Patrol. 

(Clock  Hysteai). 

l...,^,.,,v,.p  fiiiaiBhed  to  work  in  any  part  uf  the  r««ino  Noiliiwest.      Corr*' 
•iM>i>a«uv>«  •uUclLBd  from  abroad.      Kooma  Sl-U  Unloa  block,  deattla,  WaaJk 


MINING    IN    THE    PACITTTC    NORTHWEST. 


Page. 

'Black  Warrior,  Palmer  mtn 102 

Black  Warrior.   Stehekln 88 

Bland,  Cedar  Canyon 114 

Blazing  Star,  Summit 45 

Blind   L.ead  gr.,   Icicle 6« 

Blind  Lead  ext..  Icicle 68 

Blind  Man,  Okanogan  1 96 

Bloom  pi.,  Peshastln 77 

Blue  and  Grey,  North  Kettle  r.,..156« 

Blue  Bell  gr.,    Ainsworth 144 

Blue   Bell,    Summit 44 

Blue  Bird,    Slocan 138 

Blue   Bird,  Trail  cr 126 

Blue    Devil,    Stehekln 83 

Blue    Grouse,    Summit 45 

Blue  Jay,  Chelan 80 

B)ue   Jay,   Okanogan   1 96 

Blue  Jay,  Skylark  C,  Boundary.. 1B2 

Blue  Jay  ext.,   Chelan 81 

Blue  Mnrmot.  Summit 46 

Blue  Rock  gr..   Goat   1 16 

Blue   Rose,  Methow ^ 

Blue   Wednesday,    Summit 48 

BItiff  gr.,  Sliver  cr 88 

Bobble  Burns  gr.,  Coast 166 

Bobtull,   Miller  r 38 

Bobtail,   Sw  iuk 70 

Bonanza.    Colvllle   112 

Bonanza.   Summit   44 

Bonanza.  Negro  cr 77 

Bonanza  King,  Ainsworth 145 

Bonanza    Queen  gr..   Money  cr....  39 

Bonanza  Queen  gr..  Sllverton 20 

Bondholder  gr.,   Slocan , 140 

Bonlta.  North  Kf>ttle  r 1S6 

Bon  Ton  gr..  Goat  1 16 

Boston.    Cascade    B5 

Boundary      Falls,      Smith's      C. 

Boundary  14> 

Boyl's   gr..   Cle-elum 64 

Bridal  Veil.  Cedar  r 48 

Bridgeport  gr..  Salmon  r »...1I8 

Brlggs  gr..  Slocan 142 

Brlm?;tone.   RpHprvatlon   l"* 

Broadway.  Twisp 91 

Bronco.  Cle-elum  62 

Brooklyn.   Goat   1 W 

Brooklyn,    Greenwood    C,   Bound- 
ary         ...,1.^2 

Brooklyn,    Methnv    8(! 

Brooklyn  gr  .   Mir«r  r 37 

Brothi-M-   Jack,    Mpthow f^ 

Brown    Bear.  Cedat   r 47 

Brown    npnr  gr.,   r'l#-««1t»m..., 65 

Brown  Bear  gr..   Falrvlew 1S9 

Brown    Hear,  Swauk 69 

Briire.   OfHlhxm'f  C.   Boundary.... I'tS 

Bruce.    Trail   cr 128 

Bryan  A  SewHil.   R<»«<»Pvatlon 109 

Bryan  gr.     I.piwpnworth 78 

Buckhorn.   Salmon    r , 94 

B'lrkeve,    Whlip    Hor«« 61 

BiifkeuH,    Kerpmeos  ......IW 

Bii(Tfil.-t,    Slociin    1^ 

Bilker    gr  .    Const 16J 

Biiik   mtn.  gr.   f'olvll1« 11X 

Biillfrou  gr..    Pnlnur  mtr. Iw 

piillioii   Kinu,  Htlver  or *3 

Bullion.    SwHiik    W 

Biillv    Bov.  PoaJtt 1J« 

BtimhlP   Bee.  Rt     »^\-nn w) 

Bnnchgra.su.    North   Kettle  r »W 

Bntikpr  Hill  A  PnlllvHn.  Ciiaead*..  55 

B'itikpr  Hill    Ptivftrtun « 

Bnr.kor    H'll.    i'wuuk r  W 

Buxrer    gr.,    ro.<l«n fl 

Butte  sr.,  Cle-alum M 


Buttercup,  WcHlngton  C,  Bound- 
ary   i58 

B.  X.  gr.,  Okanogan  1 9S 

C. 

C.  &C.,   Trail  cr U4 

Cabba,   Palmer  mtn 101 

Caledonia   gr.,    Peaha^^tln 74 

California    Boy,   Methow 88 

California,  Methow 88 

California.  Slocan   139 

California,  Trail  cr 128 

Calumet,    Palmer   mtn 108 

Calumet,    Wellington    C,    Bound- 
ary   158 

Campbell  gr..   Summit 45 

Canada,  Chelan  81 

Canadian   gr.,   Slocan 135 

Capital,  Methow 86 

Capital      Prize,      Providence      C, 

Boundary  150 

Cariboo,   C.  McKlnney   157 

Cariboo,  Leavenworth   79 

Cascade  gr.,  Cascade 84 

Cascade  gr.,  Chelan 81 

Cascade,  Cle-elum  fli 

Cascade,  Summit   46 

Castle,   Silver  cr 29 

Cataract  gr..  Miller  r 87 

Cathedral,  Twisp   91 

Catherine,  Methow  88 

Center  Star,  Trail  cr 121 

Centennial   gr..   Reservation IU7 

Chair  Peak  gr..  Snogualmle 41 

Challoner  gr..   Coast ....168 

Charleston.  Slocan   „.. 138 

Charlotte,    Wenatehe© 71 

Chamber  of  Commerce,  Twisp 10. 

Chnmhera  gr.,  Siocnn ..,.181 

Champion    gr..    Leaven  worth.. 7» 

Chariot,  Okanogan   1 1M 

Che«Hpeake  gr.,  Cle-elum.. 81 

Chicago  gr..    Cascade SS 

Chicago  gr..  Money  cr 39 

Chicago.  Methow   88 

ChicKgo  gr„  Palmer  ir.in 100 

Chicago,   Reservation   ..., 110 

Chicago.  St.    Helen's  H 

Chv-I.«tle,  Stehekln 88 

Chippewa   gr.,    Methow 81; 

Chub.   Chelan    81 

Churchill  gr.,   Re.xerv»,tlon 107 

CJvinabar  King.  N'ckto  cr 71 

City  ot  Lincoln.  White's  C.  Bound- 
ary  1S4 

City  of  Paris,  White's  C,    8ound> 

ary , liil 

City  of   .Spokane,   Trail   cr 128 

Clara    gr.,    Norihport....... lU 

Clara    K.,   Miller  r 88 

Cle-elum,  Cle-eliim 64 

C|pni)aira   gi.,    Miller   r 87 

Chcimtra,    ReservHtlon    V.9 

Clpveland.   Pedar   C«nyon   il4 

Clpveiniiil    er..    .''Ilvi-rion IS 

Pipvelanil     Sno<jiMlmle    0 

rif>ve.    Pnlmer   mtn Irt4 

CSilT.    Tnitl    cr m 

Cilmasi;.   Sllverton  n 

Clon^  Call.  Okanoenn  1 98 

Cock   RoMn.   .Vorth  Kettle  r i(f 

Coillns.  Summit 4g 

Colojrt'lfl.    Slocan    J.W 

Cch*.   Sllverion   il 

<?oli.\!nM.\  A  Konft^nal  gr.,  Trail  or.m 

CoIiii"IiI>!h.   M««thi>w    us 

Cotuuibia,  K«««rvatlon   110 


xxvlli 


MINING    IN    THK    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


R.  PETKOVITS 


MA!VLFAt;Ti;Hli:UM   OF 


Importer  of  Skins. 


AInnlKi,  Sonlnkin  Guniienta  a    speolnlty.     HlgrheH't    price    paid    tor 
raw  fur. 

MARION  STREET, 

between  TFlrnt  nnd  Second.  SBJATTOiEJ,    WASBU 


LIVERMORPS 
SPECIALS 


••••••O 


pon  iNPouMATioiv  ow  MiNiiva  iJivKS'nirEiirrs  and  murB 

ItANDS  IN  niONATCUlCIi]  VAl.Liav,   ADORKS0 


C,  B.  Livermore 

Wenatchee,  Washingtoti. 


MININOr    IN    THK    PACIFIC    NOUTHVVR8T. 


kxlx 


Page. 

•Columbus,   Sultan iii4 

Combination,        Provldenne        C„ 

Boundary  njo 

Combination,   Silver  or 29 

Comet  No.  2,  Trail  cr 127 

Commercial   gr.,   Index 34 

Coming      Man,      Providence      C, 

(Boundary  ifiO 

Commander,   Trail   cr 127 

Commonwealth  gr.,  Aln9worth...,.145 

Commonwealth,  Snoqualmlo 42 

Comstock  gr.,  ReHervatlon  108 

Com.stock,  Summit  44 

Coney  gr.,  Miller  r 86 

Consolidated   gr.,   Sllverton 22 

Contact,   Mineral  cr ik; 

Contention  gr.,  Palmer  mtn 100 

Cook  Kitchen  gr.,  Chloo 60 

Coon  gr..  Coast  .......166 

Copper  Bell,  Snoqualmie ,.,..  42 

Copper  Bottom,  'Copper  C,  Bound- 
ary  151 

OoppiT  Bottom,  St.  Helens BO 

Copper  Chief,    Snoqualmie 42 

Copper  gr.,  Howard  cr..  Index 34 

Copper  gr.,  Trou*  cr.,  In,6  x 34 

Copperhead,   Sllverton   20 

Copper  King,  Coast 163 

Copper  King,  Palmer  mtn 101 

Copper  King,  Palmer  mtn 103 

Copper  King,  Palmer  mtn IM 

Copper   Mine,    Copper  C,   Bound- 
ary  l.^l 

Copper   Mtn.,   Reservation ,...109 

CopperopoUa,    Copper   C,    Bound- 
ary     151 

Copper  Queen,  Palmer  mtn 103 

Copper  World,  Palmer  mtn 101 

Cora   M..   Silver  cr zx 

Cordick,  Summit  C,  Boundary 154 

Corean,    Slocan   1S8 

Corinth,    Siocan    134 

Cornucopia  gr,.  Sultan   24 

Cornucopia.  White's  C,  Boundary.154 

Corona,  Silver  cr 32 

Countess,  Okanogan  1 98 

Courtney,    Whiti*  Hor««e 5l 

Cowan  Ac  Shaw  gr,.  Coast l«t 

Coyota   gr..    Reservation 108 

Cracker  Jack.  Trail,  cr ,....124 

Crawford    pi..    Peahaatln 77 

Cresicen»,  Skylark  C,  Boundary... 162 

Crowbill    Cotnt ...161 

Cromwell     N'<»l9on 148 

CroBH  Lode.  St.   Helens  M 

Crown     Point,     Crown    Point    C, 

Boundary    155 

Crown  Point  gr..  Cl(»-«1uni 64 

Crowr.    Point,   Mevhow W 

Crown   Point.   Summit 44 

Crown  Point  gr..  3llv»»r  cr W 

Crown   Point,  Slat<»  rr , W 

Crown  Point  gr.,  Trad  cr m 

Crown  Pi'nce,  9feti<»Vln w 

Crr»wn   Prince.  TwWp 91 

Crr'wr       ailves',       Deadwood      C. 

Boundary  |^ 

Crusader  gr..  Sloinin  141 

Crvmal  mtn.  gr..  9umn»It.^,..r^..*...  *» 

CrvKtal.   St.   Hp1i»n!»  .,,....,., » 

Culvf'i'  BT-,   pMh.T'In »»»•..••••••» 

Cumb«^lnr1  rr..  aiocan r.,^....lW 

CumN'rIanrt,  Twtwp    -••••• ,?} 

Cunrlte,  Copn^r  C.  Ttotindarf M 

Cnr!.-w  gr..  P;»!mer  mtn {(JJ 

Cfiricvr.    Trail   f^ .....»....f..<..l2 

Cujrrent  ^'.,  au<i»inlt .,...»....  • 


Custer,   Leavenworth   If 

•*•  Page. 

Daisy,  Twlsp Bi 

Daley,  Silver  cr .4..... SB 

Daisy  Dean,  Negro  cr 

Damtlno,  Summit 

Datnlino,    Methow   

Damon  and  Pythias,   Money  or.....  .W 

Dandy,    Nelson    149 

Dandy,  Okanogan  1 95 

Dandy,  Greenwood  C,  Boundary.. 188 
Dandy  Margery,  Nor^.l  Kettle  r...lB9 

Dardanelles  gr.,  Hl,'.'an 138 

Davenport,  StelieKfn  M 

Deadman  cr.  pi  ,  Reservation liO 

Deadwood,  N^^ro  or 77 

Decoration.   Melhow    88 

Deep  CrecK  pi.,   Leavenworth 7# 

Deer  L^Ke  gr.,  Sllvprton 21 

Deer  Park,  Trail  cr I27 

Deer  Trail,   Cedar  Canyon II4 

pee:  Trail  No.  2,  (Jprl^r  Canyon.. 114 

De/ender  gr.,   Stehekln 84 

Djfiance,    Palmer  mtn tVH 

Delacola,  Trail  cr 135 

Delaware,  Cedar  Canyon 116 

Del  Campo  gr.,  Monte  Cristo. 14 

Deloho,    Sllvpr   cr 29 

Delia  .Tane  gr.,  Snofjualmlp 42 

Dellie,  AInsworth  Un 

Denny  Mines.    Snoijualmip 40 

Denver  gr,,  Cascade 55 

Derby,    Twlsp    go 

Detroit-Windsor,    Palmer  mfn 105 

Diamond  Hitch,   Silver  cr Si 

Diamond  Qup«n  gr..   Methow 86 

Dinero    Grande,    Long    Lake    C, 

Boundary  158 

Disprtssi,  Skflgit   M 

Dividend,    Palmer    mtn 16 

Dolphin,  Keremeos  , ifl 

Dolphin,  C.    McKlnn^y M 

Dominion  gr.,   Keremeos ifl 

Dominion.    Sliver   cr.... ff$ 

Don  Tom.  Cle-elum S| 

Double  Eagle  gr.,  Sllverton t» 

Double  Stamp,  Miller  r M 

Double  Standard.  Palmer  mtn 1?4 

Doubtful.  Sllverton  a 

Doubtful,  Stehekln    « 

Dry  Spring.  .<?ummlt  # 

Drummer  Boy,   Leavenworth.......  7f 

Dundee,  Providence  C,  Bdundary.lW 
Dutchman,  Silver  cr n 

r.. 

K«Rle,  North   Kettle  r m 

Eagle,  Tjeavenworth   ...-.,... ,,  79 

Eagle  gr,.  Cclcnie ITS 

Ertgle  and  Tawa.  Negro  cr 78 

Kfl>'hnr'.  Cedar  r 47 

Kfl.-r  Side.  Stehekln :.  H 

E<'clefechan,   Coast  !« 

Kcho  gr..   Slocan    .Ifl 

E^'ilpse,  Palmer  mtn..,. .,...,,.1fti 

Kcllp"*  gr,,  Sllverton  .,..,... W. 

Edison  gr.  Silver  er....,^,,,. ff 

Edith.  Ruth  er .,...,..,...« 

Ednh   gr.     Reserv^at Ion. .r „.,,,..>•..,. rt 

Editor.  Sllvpr  t ,,*,*.«...,. 

EMon  gr  .  SL>cnn  ..*^,v,'..v.. 

EI  Dorado  gr,  C(5sc,-id«<  i-..v.,ii...-,. 

El    Dorndo,    (Joai    Laife... , 

El  Dorado  gr..  Palmer  mtn l<Vf 

Electric,  Coast   

Eleph.HU,  Cedisir  Canyflt* 

Elephant,  Chelan  .«...„ 


9^' 


MINING    IN    THE    PACrFIC    NORTHWEST. 


MInini  and  Scientific  Press. 


(n 


ESTABLISHED  1860^ 


'The  oldest  and  most  widely  circulated  weekly  journal  of  Its  ciass  In  th* 
flfnlted  States.  Its  conservative  and  reliable  course  has  made  It  an  excepttonallf 
strong  advertising  medium  among  the  largest  buyers  in  the  Pacific  States  and 
ISjrritorles,  Mexico,  South  America  and  Australia.  A  glance  through  St* 
columns  will  convince  anyone  of  the  estimation  in  whtch  it  is  held  by  I*ad«n» 
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Jte^.,»..»^MINING  AND  SCIENTIFIC  PRESS, 

220  Market  Street,  Sau  Francisco. 

Elevator,  13  Front  Street. 


Every 


Prospector 


SHOILD  HAVE  A 


CAMERA 


WK    HAVK    ALL    STVIiSS  AND  9IZBS. 


We  also  keep  Dlovr  Pipes  and   SapiiIleN. 


Washington  Dental  and  Photographic  Supply  Co., 

Sll  CwHaiuItlM.  St.,  0|>p.  P«MitafBoe, 
SeAttlw,  Wa»k. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


„  Pave. 

Elgin,   Slocan   135 

EUse,  Nelson  147 

Elizabeth,  Suminit  44 

Elkhorn,  Cedar  Canyon  116 

Elkhorn,  Slocan   138 

Eliza,  Mlnera".  cr U6 

Ellen  and  Alkl.  Silver  cr 32 

Ellen,  Alnsworth 145 

Elliott  pi..  Swauk 68 

mils,    Snoqualmle   42 

Elmo,  Sultan  2S 

Emanuel  gr..  Palmer  mtn 105 

Emerald  gr.,  Methow  86 

Emerald  No.  2,  Leavenworth  79 

Emma  gr.,  Snoqualmle  42 

Emma,  Summit  C,  Boundary 154 

Emma  gr.,  Chelan   81 

Emma  gr..  Coast  ..161 

Emma  Bess,  Silver  cr 32 

Emma  C.  gr.,  Trail  or 129 

Emma.  Lee,   Chelan 81 

Empire  gr.,  Palmer  mtn 101 

Empire   gr..   Reservation 108 

Empire.  North   Kettle  r 157 

Enterprise.   Slocan   140 

Enterprise.  Copper  C,   Boundary .l.il 

Epha,  Cle-elum   64 

E.  Plurihus.  Palmer  mtn 104 

E.  S..  Okanogan  1 95 

Esmeralda  gr..  Sloran   141 

EsmernWa,    Leavenworth    78 

Esmeralda  No.  ?..  Leavenworth....  79 
Esther  and  Louisa  gr..  Gold  cr....  61 
ciSther  Hilbert  gr..  Cedar  Canyon. 115 

Ethel.   Summit   46 

Ethel.  Monte  Crlsto  14 

F»>^loPfi.  Lonrr  Lake  C..  Boundary.153 
Etna.  Greenwood  C,  Boundary,... In3 

Etna.   Northport  Ill 

Etta.   Miller  r 37 

Eureka  gr.,  Slocan 137 

Eureka,  Wenatchee  71 

Eureka,   C.   McKInney 157 

Eureka.  Slocan    133 

Eureka  gr..  Slate  cr 57 

Eureka.  Peshastln 73 

Eureka  ar,..  Sllverton... 22 

Eva.  Summit 44 

Eveleen.  Leavenworth 79 

Evening  Star.  Trnll  or 124 

Ev#>nlng  Strxr.  Summit 45 

Everett.   Skagit  53 

Everett,  Twlsn 91 

Everett  gr.,  Sllverton 18 

Everjjreen.  Silver  cr 33 

Ewtng  gr..   Summit 46 

Excelsior,    Slate  or 17 

Excelsior,  Methow  89 

P. 

Palii.  Trail  cr 129 

Pftmlly   gr..  rt*>-elum 63 

Fanny.  Sllverton    19 

Farmer,  Okanogan  1 96 

Fern    gr.,    Nelwnn 1<? 

Fldatgo.   Reservation   107 

Fidelity  c'--  Re«erv<»tlon 106 

First  of  Aiiguat,  Swuuk...... 69 

Finit  Thought.  RalTron  r 93 

F1«h   Eagle,   Cl^-olnm .........  fa 

FIshsr   Maiden.   Slocan   1S9 

Flmptmmonx  gr..  Toast 1^ 

Flamingo.   StPhekln  "* 

Fletr^e*-  Webster  gr.,  Buena  Vlstm  43 

Flodin  pi..  Swnuk  ^ 

Flom.  Btehektn  ••  ^ 

Florence,  Summit  ...<.•••••'•••• ** 


Flossie,  Twisp   tt 

Foggy  gr..  Goat  1 1^ 

Fontenoy,  C.  McKinney UT 

Ford  pi.,  Swauk  fff 

Forest  King,  Summit  M- 

Forest  Queen,  Summit M 

Forsyth  gr..  Coast  IM 

4j,  Sultan   M> 

Foster,  Northport  Ill 

Fourteen  gr..  Trail  cr iSt 

Fourth  of  July  gr..  Leavenworth..  7> 

Fourth  of  July,  Cascade 6< 

Fourth  of  .July  pi.,  Reservation.... 110 

Frankle  Girl,  Palmer  ml:n 104 

Free   Coinage,   Stebekin St 

French,  Summit 4S< 

Friday  gr.,  Methow  81 

G. 

Galena  Farm  gr.,  Slocan 181 

Gambler's  Dream,   Cle-elum 6* 

G,     A.     R.     gr..     Providence     C, 

Boundary  150 

Garnet,   North   Kettle  r 168 

Gem,  Chelan  81 

Gem,  Peshastln  <• 

Genne,  Stehekln   8S 

Georgia,   Trail  cr ....124 

Georgie  Smith  gr.,   Leavenworth.  0  79 

Geiman,    Leavenworth    T9- 

Gertie,   Stebekin    88 

Gertrude,  Trail  cr 125 

Giant.  Trail  cr 124 

Gibson,   Chelan    81 

Gift,    Goat   1 10 

Oilman,   Wenatchee   71 

Gip.sy  Queen.  Silver  cr 81 

Glad.^tone  gr..  Palmer  mtn 100 

Glengarry  tjr.,  Silverton 20 

Glory  of  Mountains  gr..  Goat  1...  10 

Goerlcke  gr..  Siehektn 84 

Goleonda  gr.,  St.  Helens 40- 

Gold  Boy.  Silver  cr 88 

Gold   Bar  gr..   Sliver  cr 81 

Gold  Bar,  Sultan   f> 

Gold    Bar,   Twisp «1 

Gold  Bug,  Clp-elum  it 

Gold  Coin.   Slate   cr Si 

Gold    Dollar,    White's    C,    Bound- 
ary   .W4 

Gold  Drop,  Deadwood  C,   Bound- 
ary     .•-^51 

Gold  Drop,  Greenwood  C-.  Bouru- 

ary 15* 

Gold  Drop,  Long  Lake  C,  Bound-  _ 

ary    ]2 

Gold    Dust.    Paln^r   mtn HU 

Gi'li    Dust.    RpsPivatlon IW 

Gold   Eagle,  Silver  cr 28 

Golden  Cord.  Monte  Crlsto 18 

GoWen  Crown,  Skylark  C,  Bound- 
ary     ,..lnl 

Golden  Crown  gr.,  Trail  cr -••!** 

Golden      Crown,     Wellington      C., 

Boundary •••^•* 

Golden     Eagle,     Long     Lake     C., 

Boundary  1w 

Golden  P'leece,  Palmer  mtn 104 

Golden   King,  Wetiatchee W 

Golden    Rod.    White's   C,    Bound- 

ary    JJl 

Golden  Slipper.  Coast   W8 

Golden   Zone.   Palmer  mtn 188 

Gold  Hill.   FalrvlPW 1» 

Gold  Mill.  Pnlmer  mtn 1|5 

Gold   Hill    Trail  or , !» 

Goldie,  Mineral  cr •Ul 


5" 


I 


xxxil 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


W.  WALLACE  R4DCL1FFE,  President  and  6eneral  Nana&cr. 
6E0.  GOE,  Mining  Expert. 


The  Puget  Mining  and  Brokerage  Co. 

CAPITAL    .    .    .    $25,000 
Office,  208  Pioneer  Building,  Seattle,  Washington. 

Skiers  In  MInes  and  lHlln!n$  Stocks  of  SterUng  Worth. 

Correspondence  solicited.  MINKS  examined  and  reported  npon. 
Information  fnrnlslied  by  this  company  will  ever  be  reliable  in 
every  detail. 

We  are  In  perfect  touch  with  the  prospectors  In  the  best  mining  district* 
of  Washington  and  British  Columbia. 

We  are  well  posted  on  the  most  promising  properties  in  course  of  develop- 
ment. This  information  we  impart  to  our  correspondents  to  their  great 
advantage. 

We  are  in  constant  correspondence  with  the  leading  canl*allsts  and  brokers 
In  Eastern  and  foreign  money  centers.  We  will  Buy,  Bond,  Develop  and 
sell  Amines  and  Mining  l-Tospects  of  sterling  worth. 

We  bring  the  prospector  and  the  capitalist  together  on  an  equitable  basis. 
The  stocks  offered  by  us  for  sale  are  Al  investments,  as  we  expert  propertiea 
before  listing  stocks. 

The  Pittsburg  Mining  &  Operative  Company  is  under  our  management, 
and  will  pay  a  dividend  for  the  month  of  June,  1897.  This  consists  of  60 
prres  of  rlacer,  15  fpet  doep.  going  35  cents  a  cubic  yard;  and  the  Rainy  Creek 
Group,  Nos.  1,  2,  3  and  4,  on  a  50-foot  mineral  bearing  lode  or  vein, 
assaying  well  in  gold,  copper,  silver  anu  nickel. 


A.  H.  Burkman, 

ASSAYER  and 
ANALYST, 

IfORTHPORT,   W>ASB. 


Prompt  and  accurate  retarna 
guaranteed. 


J.  M.  Sparkitiati» 


Office,    00.%    Bailey    Balldlnflr, 
tea.tUe,  Wa«ta. 


L.  F.  McCONlHE, 

Miiiiiig 
Broker.  , 

OLE-BLUM  DISTRICT. 
Ros'lyn,  "Wash. 

VV.  I.  SCOTT-^v 
P.  C.  ELLSWORTH, 

Attorneys  at  Law. 


30,  S7  and  9fl  Occidental  Dlds*.. 
Seattle,  Wash. 


ICspeclal    attention    flrtveu    to 
mluJuir  bajtiuemh 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


xxziil 


Page. 

Gold  King.  Okanogan  1 % 

Gold  King.  Trail  cr 123 

Gold    Leaf.    Swauk 70 

Gold  Mountain  gr..  White  Horse..  52 

Gold  Standi  rd.  Coast  161 

Gold  Standfrd  gr..  Summit 46 

Golden  Triangle,    Twlsp 92 

Golden   Tunnel,   Index 35 

Gold  Vein  &  Badfeer,  Swauk 70 

Goodenough,  Slocan  136 

Good  Luck,  Gold  cr 61 

Gopher.  Trail  cr 126 

Gordon  Creek  gr..  Silverton 23 

Gordon,   Negro  cr 75 

Grady  gr..  Slocan 139 

Grand  Prize.  Trail  cr 128 

Grand    Republic.   Cascade 56 

Grand  Summit,  Palmei-  mtn lOO 

Grandview  gr.,  Cle-elum 64 

Grandvlew  gr..   Palmer  mtn 103 

Granite,  Cascade  56 

Granite,    Chelan    i>l 

Granite,   Ruth   cr 60 

Granite,    Silverton    18 

Granite  King,  Gold  cr 61 

Granite  mtn.,  Silverton 19 

Graves  gr..  Coast 105 

Grey  Eagle,  Greenwood  C,  Bound- 
ary    152 

Grey  Eagle  gr.,   Methow 86 

Grey  Eagle,  Silver  cr 32 

Grey  Eagle,  Stehekln 84 

Great  Eastern,   Leavenworth 79 

Great  Hesper,  Smith's  C,   Bound- 
ary  •••149 

Great       Hopes.       Deadwood       C, 

Boundary  • 151. 

Great!  Northern,    Leavenworth 79 

Great  Northern  gr..  Sultan 25 

Great  Western,  Swauk 69 

Great)  Republic,   Reservation ..109 

Great  Scott.  Silver  or. 32 

Great   Wonder.    Swauk 69 

Gregor.    Snoqualmie    « 

Green  Crown.  White  Horse 51 

Green  Eye,  Twlsp   91 

Greenhorn.  Swauk ;••;•••  1? 

Green  Mountain  gr,.  Snoqualmie..  41 

Green  Tree  pi.  Swauk oT 

Grljzly,  St.  Helens 50 

Grlzly,    Silverton    jj- 

Grizzly  Bear,   Nelson. 148 

Q.  R.  SovcrelgTi.  Trail  cr 128 

Ouye  gr.,   Snoqualmie 41 

H. 

Hamilton  gr..  Skagit  : 54 

Hancock.   Silver   cr ^ 

Hannah.   SHverton «» 

Hannah  gr.,  White  Horse |1 

Happy  Thought,  Chelan  g| 

Hard   Pass.  Sultan.. » 

HardscrabHe.  Cle-elnm  » 

Hard-up.  Okanogan  1..... • ™ 

KarqueHla.  Copper  C,  Boundary.151 

Hart  pi..  Swauk......... » 

Hartay  gr..  Thunder  cr B9 

Hartford.   Thunder  cr w 

Battle  gr..  Twl.=r) --^ 

ITftttle  Brown.  Trail  cr iw 

Hawk.  Cle-elum  ••.. "J 

Hawksnest.  T.pnvenworth  *» 

Hawkeye.  Miller  r............. »» 

Hecla.   Smiih's  C.  Boundary 1« 

Hehe  gr..  Repervutlon i^ 

Helen  gr .  Trail  cr ig 

Helena,  Sultan  » 


Pag^ 

Helena  gr.,  Silverton  1$ 

Helena  ext..  Silverton 20 

Hercules,   Palmer  mtn 104 

Hiawatha.   Silver   cr 2* 

Hidden  Treasure.  Methow  88 

Hidden  Treasure,  North  Kettle  r..lB» 
High      Kicker.      Providence      C, 

Boundary  150 

Highland  gr.,  Ainsworth 144 

Highland,  Trail   cr 12» 

Highlander,  Ainsworth   144 

Highland  gr.  White  Horse 51 

Highlander  gr.,  Miller  r 37 

Highland  Chief,   C.   McKlnney 157 

Highland  Chief,   North   Kettle  r...l5S 
Highland  Chief,   Cedar  Canyon.... 115 

Highland   Light,    Methow 80 

Hilltop,  Trail  cr 128 

Homestake.  Salmon  r 93 

Homestake.   Trail  cr 126 

Homestake.  Cascade  56 

Homestake.  Stehekln 83 

Honest  Johns  gr.,  Colville 113 

Hoodoo,  Silverton   18 

Hoosier  gr..   Palmer  mtn 102 

Hope.   Silver  cr 28 

Horseshoe,   Silver  cr 32 

Horseshoe  Bend,  Sultan 25 

Howard  gr..  Index 33 

Howard  gr.,  Slocan  141 

Huckleberry.    Cle-elum    62 

Hulett,  Ruth  cr 59 

Humboldt.  Methow  88 

Humbug,  Cle-elum  62 

Hunter,  Goat  1 16 

Hunter.    Methow    86 

Hunter,  White  Horse 51 

Hunter  gr.,  Chelan  82 

Hustler,  Slocan  134 

I. 

Icegate.   Thunder  cr 59 

Ida  Elmore,    Cle-elum 64 

Ida  May,  Methow  » 

Ida  Queen,  Trail  cr, 128 

Idaho,   Methow g 

Idaho  gr.,  Chelan  ^81 

Idaho,  Trail  cr 121 

Idaho,   Slocan  134 

Idler.  Slocan   1^* 

I,rl-ass,   Cle-elum   64 

Independence.    Salmon   r 94 

Independent,  Silverton   18 

Ingersoll.  Coast  16» 

International.    Palmer  mtn IJjS 

Iowa,  Chelan  M 

Iowa,  Trail   or IM 

Irene  gr.,  Chelan 8» 

Iron  Cap  No.  I.  North  Kettle  r....lr>6 

Iron  Cap.  Chelan  81 

Ironclad.  Sliver  cr 82 

Iron  Colt.  Trail  cr 1» 

Iron  Cross.  Chelan  81 

Iron  Crcwn,  Slocan  142 

Iron  Crown  gr..  Cedar  Canyon. ...116 

Iron  Hope  gr.    Trail  cr 127 

Iron  Horse.  Northport  HI 

Iron  Horse.  Slogan  lll> 

Iron  Horse,  Trail  cr 124 

Iron  Horse  gr..  Renervatlon !<« 

Iron  King.  North  Kettle  r 15« 

Iron  Maok.  Okrinogan  1 W 

Iron  Mask.  Trail  cr 121 

Ironmaster.   Palmer  mtn IftI 

Iron  Mines,  Cleeliim  «5 

Iron  Mine.  Mineral  cr 116 

Iron  Mountain  gr.,  Index U 


^I'l 


aixxiv 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


J  C  Consolidated 


Nlnin$  Company, 


EVERETT,  WASH. 


Incorporated  wader  tlie  laws  of  the  State  of  Vfnih*ttfrt(m, 
. ,       Capital  str«Qk  $2,000,000,  fully  paM  and  non-assessable. 

P<-ef erred  stock,  149,999    shares;  common   stock,   60,00^1 
«]iare8;  par  value,  $10.00  per  share. 


W.  C.  Cox,  PMsId^nt. 
L.  A.  Dyer,  Vice  Presiclent. 
Wm.  P.  Brown.  General  Managrer. 
Louis  Henry  Legre.  Secrotary. 
8.  M.  Kennedy,  Treasurer. 
Bv«r«tt  National  Bank,  Depository. 


TRUSTEEBt 
W.  C.  Cox, 
L..  A.  Dyer, 
Wm.  F.  Brown, 
Mark  Swinnertoa, 
W.  H.  Ward. 


Chas.  K.  Jenner,  Attorney. 


Ttj«  mines  comprise  a  group  of  twenty-flve  claims  located  In  SnoliomWh 
Cftunty,  In  the  Cascade  Mountains,  at  the  head  of  a  branch  of  the  Sultan 
Sanin,  two  and  one-half  miles  from  Sllverton,  and  are  at  an  elevation  of 
4,100  feet  above  sea  level.  Development  work  has  been  in  progress  for  over 
a  y«ar,  tunnels  and  shafts  driven  opening  up  a  true  Assure  vein  extending 
through  the  group  of  claims  7,500  fi^et,  that  varies  In  width  from  six  to 
eighteen  feet,  on  the  hanging  wall  of  which  there  is  a  chute  of  hlsrh-grad* 
ore  averaging  eighteen  Inches  In  width,  from  which  two  car-load  shipments 
have  1»«an  made  te  the  Everett  Smelter,  the  flrsi  returning  $105.96  and  the 
second  tlM.Ot  per  ton.  These  figures  speak  better  than  assays,  of  which  w« 
hav«  a  great  variety,  ranging  from  J2,0OO  per  ton  down.  The  rich  ore  chuto 
values  lie  In  brittle  silver,  gray  cepyer,  ruby  silver,  gold  and  galena.  There 
Is  an  unlimited  quantity  of  low-grade  ore  that  will  run  from  $8.00  to  KIO.OO 
per  ten.  This  Is  good  concentrating  ore  and  is  being  stored  on  the  dump, 
awaiting  th9  erection  of  a  concentrator,  when  it  can  be  handled  at  a  grt^at 
profit.  Two  hundred  and  flfty  feet  of  Tunnel  No.  2  has  jUwl  been  completed, 
tapping  the  ore  vein  17B  feet  below  Tunnel  No.  1,  which  runs  181  feet  on  ora. 
One  thousand  feet  east  a  seventy-two  foot  tunnel  has  been  driven,  and  1,000 
teet  farther  east  a  ItSS-foot  tunnel.     These  are  on  ore  all  the  way. 

A  train  Is  under  construction  from  Tunnel  No.  2  to  the  mlllslte,  the  com- 
mon converging  point  for  the  dlflferent  workings,  from  which  ore  v/lll  bO 
packed  by  horses  until  such  a  time  as  the  large  tram  can  he  con^iructed  to 
Bllverton.  The  company  has  an  abundant  supply  of  excellent  tlnih«r  on  tho 
premises  for  all  mining  and  building  purposes,  and  also  has  two  water  powers 
With  a  fall  ef  over  700  feet  each,  which  are  utilised  in  furnishing  all  power 
required  for  the  operation  of  electric  light,  saw  mill  and  other  plants. 

This  Is  the  only  Mining  Company  In  the  Cascades  that  has  bet- n  running 
all  winter  withuut  niisHiiig  a  shift,  and  they  will  commence  the  s^poiei^t  of 
ero  la  May,  when  the  packtraina  can  b«  regularly  run. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Pare. 

IronsMea,  Miller  r 87 

Iron    Top.    Deadwood   C.,  Bound- 
ary     151 

Iroquola.  Nelson  148 

Isoletta  ffr.,  Stehekln  83 

Ivanhoe  Rr..  Palmer  mtn M 

IVAnhoe.  Slocan   ,,186 

I.   X.  L.,  OknnoKan  1 96 

I.  X.  L.,  Trail  cr 128 

I.  X.  L.,  Peshastin, 74 

J. 

J.    A.   C,   Providence  C,   Bound- 
ary   IBO 

Jack    of   Spades  iirr..   White's   C, 

Boundary  154 

Jnrk    Pot.   St.   Hplen's 50 

Jackson  pr.,  Sincan 1SR 

JaokPon.    Sllvprton   „..". 20 

Jasper,  Thunder   cr 69 

jnfinpraon.    Sllvprton    82 

Jeff  Davis.  Alnsworth  ...145 

Jefferson.  Stehekln  84 

Jennie,   Slocan 141 

Jennie  T^ee.    Twisp 91 

Jenny  L.1nd.    Slonan    ....1S9 

Jensen   n1..   Swank  68 

Jespp.  WhUe  Horse  151 

Jessie.  Pnlmer  mtn 98 

Jessie  Hflrner  pr..  Mineral  cr lifl 

Jewel.    T.on?  1..  Boundary .....IKS 

«.Jlm.  Welllnptnn  C.  Boundary F4 

Jim  Plnlne.  Trail  cr 129 

Jim  Dandy.   Silver  cr 32 

J.  J.  Hill.  Sliver  cr 32 

Job  Dandv.  Fnlrvlow  l.'^S 

John  Arthur.  Salmon  r 93 

JoVin  Tj..   Cedar  Canyon 116 

John<tNirff.    Cnofade    55 

Johnson  arr..   rie-elum  fi4 

Joker.    Trail    cr 128 

Jolly  Bov.  Cpdar  Canyon  115 

Jones  pi..  Swauk     68 

Jonpa  *  Dpnnett  nl..  Swauk 68 

Josenhlnp   e-r.,  Methow S8 

Josle,    Swfltik    70 

Josle.  Troll  cr 122 

Julia.    Pnlmpr  mtn ,101 

Jumho,  okanogran  1 96 

Jumho.  Trail  cr 129 

Jumbo.  Pfioc«dp  56 

Jumho.  fonnpr  C,  Boundary 151 

Jumbo,  Sliver  cr 29 

Jum^o.  Oknnoean  1 98 

Jumho.  Tra"  or 1?3 

Justin  e-r .  Wh1»p  Horse 52 

Just  Tn  Ttmp.  Pip-plnm 63 

Just  In  Time,  Methow 88 

K. 

Kalamazoo  pr.,  Palmer  mtn 101 

Kallspell.    Slocan    IjW 

Katie.  Miller  r , ^ 

Seenenl..  Peshastin  ^77 

;  Ceno.  WelHnffton  C.  Boundary... 153 

Centiickv  Belle.  St.  Helen's 50 

Ceystone   fcr.,    Cle-elum 66 

iCeyatbne  gr..   Monte  Crlsto........  14 

Ceysione      gr.,      Wellington      C, 

Boundary  Ig' 

Kevwinder.  White  Horse  ol 

King  Bee,  Nor.h  Kettle  r IBg 

KIne-  David.  Miller  re....... W 

Kln,T  gr..  Summit  « 

King  Solomon,  Cie-elum w 

Klg  Solomon,  Copper  C,  Bound- 


ary 151 

King  Solomon,  Okanogan  1 96 

Kirk  Lake  gr..  Coast .....ISt' 

Knight  Templar.  Trail  cr 121 

Knob  Hill,  Qreenwood  C,  Bound- 
ary    151 

Knob  Hill,  Reservation  1» 

Knoxvllle.  Bllverton   Bl 

Kootenai,  Slate  cr... 38 

Krao,  Alnsworth  14> 


La  Belle,  Trail  cr IM 

Lady  of  the  Lake,  Salmon  r St 

La  Kuna,   Salmon  r 94 

Lafayette,  Reservation  107 

Lake,    Stehekln 8t 

Lake  City,  Cle-elum 6t 

Lakeview,  Palmer  mtm lOt 

Lakevlew  gr.,  Northport Ul 

Lakeview,  Long  Lake  C.,  Bound- 
ary     15S 

Lakeview  ext.,  Palmer  mtn 10} 

Lalla  Rookh,  Monte  Criato 14 

Lancashire  Lass  gr.,  Palmer  mtn.. 100 

Lark,  Okanogan  1 96^ 

Larkin  gr.,  Okanogan  1.... 9S 

Larsen  gr.,  Methow 89 

Last  Chance,  Cedar  r 4S> 

Last  Chance,  Cle-elum 62 

Last  Chance,   Copper  C,    Bound- 
ary       t 151. 

Last  Chance,  Methow ($6^ 

Lust  Chance,  North  Kettle  r 156 

Last  Chance,  Skagit  64 

Last  Chance,  Skylark  C,   Bound- 
ary     ISL 

Last  Chance,  Sliver  cr 29 

Last  Chance  gr.,  Slocan 136 

Last   Chance,  Smith's  C,    Bound- 
ary   149- 

Last  Chance,  Snoqualmle. 48 

Last  Chance,  Wenatchee 71 

Last  Dollar,  Silver  cr SS> 

Latah,   Twisp  91 

Laura  Lindsay.  Snoqualmle 43 

Lead  King,  Providence  C,  Bound- 
ary   160 

Leadville  gr.,  Palmer  mtn lOO- 

Legal  Tender,  Snoqualmle 42 

Leo,  Negrc  cr 70 

Le  Rol,  Trail  cr....... , 119 

Le  Roi.  Miller  r 8S 

Le  Rol,  C.  McKinney 158 

Leta,  Snoqualmle  4k 

Lexington,  White's  C,  Boundary. 154 

Lida,  Silver  cr 29 

Lightning,  Peshastin    7» 

Li  Hung,  Coast  161 

Lillie  May,  Alnsworth  14S 

Llllle  May,  Trail  cr 124 

Lily  James,  Silverton  21 

Lily  of  the  West.  Goat  1 1« 

Lincoln,  North  Kettle  r 1S6 

Lisburn,    Northport   Ill 

Little  Chief  gr..  Sultan 22 

Little  Duncan.  Okanogan  1 96 

Little  Falls.  Palmer  mtn 104 

Little  Gem,  Summit  ^.  4E 

Little  Gem  gr.,  Reservation IVt 

Little  Giant,  Goat  1 11 

Little  Giant,  Reservation Ittl 

Little  Giant  gr..  Trail  cr 13| 

Little  Ironifr.,  fteaie^^'ati<Jn 10 

Little  Jap,  Chelan 

Little  One,  Okanogan  1 


zxxvi 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Arthur  M.  Donlllon, 

Civil  Bngrlnner  and  Draughtsman. 


KaJTaa  Dnek,  M.  A.  I.  M.  B. 

BUCK  6  BOUILLON, 

Mining  and    Civil   Engineers, 

DRAUGHTSMEN  AND  BLUE  PRINTERS. 


Reports  furnished  on  mining  properties.  General  supervision  of  mlnM 
attended  to. 

We  publish  the  following  new  mining  maps: 

Map  of  Trail  Creek  MInlfg  Division,  from  Columbia  river  west  to  Christina 
Lake,  showing  clalm.s.     Size  27x36.    Price  11.60. 

Map  of  North  Fork  of  Salmon  River  and  Wild  Horse  Creek,  showing 
claims.     Size,  23x34.      Price  $l.r)0. 

Map  of  Murphy  Creek  and  Sullivan  Creek,  showing  claims.      Price  1.00. 

Map  of  th€>  boundary  Creek  District.  Kettle  River  Division,  from  Christina 
Lake  west  to  Rock  Creek,  also  showing  a  ten-mile  strip  of  the  Colvllle  Indian 
Reservation.      Price  Jl.FO. 

New  Map  of  the  Trail  Creek  Mining  Camp,  giving  more  Information  than 
any  map  ever  published,  and  showing  the  groups  of  claims  owned  by  the 
Incorporated  mining  companies;  artistically  drawn  and  without  a  doubt  the 
best  map  of  the  camp  ever  published.      Price  11.00. 

IN  PRFJPARATION:  New  map  of  the  Slocan  Mining  Division.  Other 
districts  made  from  time  to  time,  as  we  are  able  to  procure  reliable  In- 
formation. 

We  also  httndle  other  publishers'  mining  maps,  so  no  matter  what  district 
you  wanL  call  on  or  write  to  us  and  we  will  procure  It  If  possible. 


The  Engineering 
And  iiining  Journal 

OF   NEW    YORK. 

The  most  useful,  progressive,  widely  circulated  and  Influential  paper  in 
the  world  devoted  to  the  mineral  Industry,  and  no  one  engaged  in  any  depart- 
ment of  that  industry  can  afford  to  be  without  It. 

Absolutely  indispensable  to  the  Prospector,  Miner,  Chemist.  Engineer, 
MetaHurglst.  Merchant,  Manufacturer,  Banker,  Investor  and  Legislator. 

Subscription  price:  For  the  United  States,  Mexico,  and  Canada,  J5.00  per 
««num;  for  all  other  countries  In  the  Postal  Union,  $7.00. 


The  Mineral  Industry, 

ITS  STATISTICS,  TECHNOLOGY  AND  TRADE  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 

AND  OTHER  COUNTRIES: 

Vol.  I.~From  the  Earliest  Times  to  the  close  of  1892 ■....$2.50 

vol.  II.— Supplementing  Vol.  I.,  to  the  close  of  1893 5.0« 

Vol.  III.— Supplementing  Vols.  I..  II..  to  the  close  of  1894 5.00 

Vol.  IV.— Supplementing  Vols.  I.,  II.,  III.,  to  th€  close  of  1895... 5.06 

Vol.  v.— Supplementing  Vols.  I,  II..  III.,  IV.,  to  the  close  of  1896 5.00 

These  are  the  most  thorough  and  exhaustive  works  on  the  statistics  and 
progress  in  mining  and  metallurgy  that  have  ever  been  published,  and  no 
person  at  all  intere.sted  in  the  Industry  can  afford  to  be  without  them.  Each 
volume  Is  complete  In  itself.  The  Information  contained  In  one  is  supple- 
irented  but  not  repeated  in  the  other.  Send  for  complete  catalogue  of  Im- 
portant scientific  publications. 

Vbe  Sclentlflv  PaliUithiuir  Co.,  PabliMtaer«,  2S3  DroadTirn.y,  New  York. 


I' 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


xxxvil 


.00 
.M 


lO 

e- 


Page. 

Little  Phil,  AInsworth 144 

Little  Plttsbuig,  Skagit  54 

,    Litile    I'liii,    Miller   r 38 

Liverpool,    Leavenworth   79 

LlvlnKstcne,  Swauk  69 

Llvlngsiono  pi.,  Swauk  68 

Lizzie,   Methow  89 

Lockwood  gr..  Silver  cr 28 

Lolette,   Summit  44 

London,   Methow   88 

London  gr.,  Slocan  139 

Lone  Pine,  Reserv    tlon  109 

Lone  Star,  Methow    89 

Lone  Star,  Miller  r 38 

Lone  Star  &  Washington  gr.,  Res- 
ervation    108 

Lone  Star,   Salmon  r 93 

Lone  Star,  Slocan  138 

Lone  Star  gr.,  Summit  46 

Lone  Star,  Twisp  91 

Lookout,    Methow    88 

Lookout,  Skylark  C.  Boundary..,.  1.52 

Lorindale,    Coast    163 

Lost  Creek  gr.,   Index 34 

Lost  Lode,   Snoiiuali.    " 42 

Lottie  S..  Stehekln 83 

Lucky  Dog  gr..  Reservation 107 

Lucky  Jim  gr.,  Sloeaa  138 

Lucky  Joe,  Silver  cr 32 

Lucky  Queen,   Trail  cr 124 

Lula,   Silverton   19 

Lulu,  Skylark  C,  Boundary 152 

Lulu,  Stehekln  84 

Lulu,  Twisp   91 

Lynch  pi..  Pesha.stin  77 

Lynn,   Miller  r 38 

M. 

Mabel  May,   Okanogan  1 96 

Mabel,   Trail   cr 124 

Mabel,  White's  C,  Boundary 154 

M.  and  H.  No.  2,  Silver  cr 33 

Mackinaw  gr..  Reservation  107 

Mahapac,  Summit  46 

Maje.stle.    Nelson    147 

Major,   Methow  89 

Major,  Thunder   cr 59 

Mammoth  gr..   Palmer  mtn 102 

Mammoth,  Palmer  mtn 104 

Mammoth,  Providence  C,  Bound- 
ary   150 

Mammoth,   Slate  cr 57 

Manistee,    Peshastin    73 

Manly,  White  Horse  51 

Maple  Leaf.  C.  Mc Kinney 157 

Marcu.s-Stein  gr.,  Chelan   82 

Marengo.   Silver  cr ?!♦ 

Marine,  Ruth  cr 60 

Marlon.  Peshastin   73 

Mariposa,   Trail   cr 123 

Markley,    Miller   r 38 

Marshal   Ney,   Twisp   91 

Mary  Ann.    Mineral  cr 116 

Mary,   Cle-elum  63 

Mary  Ellen,  Swauk  70 

Mary  L.,  Summit  C,  Boundary.... 154 

Mary,   St.   Helens 50 

Maryland,  Trail  cr 123 

Marv  M'-Cormlck,  Trail  cr 129 

Mckinley,  Miller  r 38 

McKlnley,  Summit  46 

McRee,  Index   35 

Mascot  gr..  Reservation  109 

Mascot,   Trail  cr ...126 

Master     Mason,      Providence     C., 

Boundary  150 

Mastodon  gr.,  Buena  Vista  43, 


Piige. 

Mattie,  Cle-elum   65 

Mattle  Jane,  Chelan  81 

Maud  O.,   Cle-elum  64 

Maud,  Silverton  18 

Maverick,   Okanogan    1 96 

Maytlower,  Cle-elum  63 

Majillower,  Fairvitw  Vt9 

Ma.\  (lower.  Sliver  cr 38 

Malliower,  Silverton  21 

Miyllower,  .'^kylark  C,  Boundary. 1.52 

Mayflo\\    r,  '1  rail  cr 128 

Mayflo.  er,  Stehtkin    «4 

Meadow  pi.,  Salmon  r 94 

Meaghtr  pi.,  Swauk  68 

Monitor,  ^Slocan    133 

Monitor  and  Sterling,  Silverton....  22 

Montana,    Methow    89 

Monte  i;irlo.  North  Kettle  r I."i6 

Monte  Cilsto,  Trail  cr 122 

Montezuma,  Gricnwood  C,  Bound- 
ary   15J 

Montezuma   gr.,    Slocan 141 

Montreal,    Coast    161 

Mono  gr..  North  Kettle  r ir.« 

Mono,    Mllier  r 88 

Monoshee,    Okanogan   1 94 

Moonshine.  Cmlar  Canyon  115 

Morning  Glory,  Okanogan  1 96 

Morning,    Leavenworth    79 

Morning  Star,  Falrview  159 

Morning  Star  gr..  Cle-elum  65 

Morning  Star,  Silver     1 28 

Morning  Star,  Trail  cr 124 

Morning  Star,  Summit  44 

Morning,    dwauk    ^9 

Morrison      Deadwood    C,    Bound- 
ary   151 

Moscow,  Chelan    81 

Mother       Lode,       Deadwood       C, 

Boundary  150 

Mother  Lode  gr.,   Leavenworth 79 

Meridian.    Negro   cr 76 

Meteor,  Slocan  140 

MpxIco.  Skviirk  C.  Boundary 1'2 

Michigan  gr.,  Cascade .56 

Michigan  gr.,   Silver  cr 33 

Midas  gr..  Cascade  55 

Miike  Maru,  Silver  cr 32 

Mike  Maloiiey.  Methow   86 

Mile  Point,  AInsworth 144 

Miller  Creek  gr.,   Slocan   134 

Miller  River  gr.,  Mllier  r 137 

Mills,  Methow 88 

Mina,    Miller   r 38 

■Minneapolis,   Stehekln   84 

Minnehaha.    Silver  cr 28 

Missing      Link,      Greenwood      C, 

Boundary  ^ 153 

Mobile,  Twisp  91 

Mohawk,    Salmon    r 94 

Mollie  Gib-^on  gr  ,   Slocan  142 

Monarch,    Greenwood    C,    Bound- 
ary   152 

Monarch  gr..  Negro  cr 76 

Monday,  Methow   S8 

Monita.   Trail   cr 123 

Mountain   Pelle.  Cle-elum  63 

Mountain  Boy.  Re'-ervatlon  109 

Mountain  Chlpf,  Clp-elum   63 

Mountain  Ch|pf,  Slocan   139 

Mountain  Fairy,  St.  Helens BO 

Mountain  Gem.  Millet   r 38 

Mountain  Goat.   T,eavenworth 79 

Mountain   Goat,   Twisp 90 

Mountain  Lily  gr.,  Methow  88 

Mountain  Rose,  Summit  C,  Bound- 
ary   154 


KXXViit 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


Alfred  Allayne  Jones, 

stock  and  Mining  Broker, 


VANCOUVER,  B.  C. 


Golden  Caclie,  Two  Frlenda   and  all  reliable  MtookH  bongrht  ajvd 
ttoid  on   CuiunilHNlon.      Mlnlnv   proitertles  negotiated. 

Codes  Vaedt     CIouffh*«,  Moerlns  A    Neal,   A   II  C,   4tli   edition,  aaA 
■•dford-HoNelll. 


Mining  Practice  a  Specialty. 


Melvin  Q.Winstock 


Attomey-at-Law, 


Offices  236-237-238  Occidental  Block. 


lr#I«pliione    Red    271. 


SISATTMS.   WAJMB. 


II 


lUNINO   IN    THH    PACIFIC    NORTHWBBT. 


xxxix 


Page. 

•fountain  Sheep,  Coaat I6t5 

Mountain  Sheep,  Stehekln  83 

Mountain  '.  low  Extension  gr.,  Res- 

ervatloK    log 

Mouiitfin  View,  Okanogan  1 95 

Mouiita'.n  View,  Reservation 108 

Mountain  Whistler,  Cle-elum  63 

Mt.    Hood,    St.    Helen's 60 

Muldoon,   Nelson   147 

MyerH  cr.   pi.,  Rpservatlon HO 

Myrtle  C.  gr..  White  Horse 52 

MysKiry,  Monte  Crlsto  12 

S. 

National,  Silver  cr 32 

Navajo  gr..  Goat  1 16 

Nebraska,   Chelan   81 

Nellie  Cotton,  Skylark  C,  Bound- 
ary   152 

Nellie,  North  Kettle  r  156 

Nell,   Summit   45 

Nelson  pi.,  Swa>-.« 67 

Nemo,   Silvercon  21 

Neosha,  Alnsworth 143 

Nest  Egg-Flretly,  Trail  cr 126 

Nest  Egg,  Rfiservation  108 

Neubaur  bl.,  Swauk  68 

Nevada,   Goat  1 16 

Nevada,   Icicle  66 

Nevada,   Trail  cr 123 

New  Seattle,  SUverton  22 

New  York  gr.,  Negro  cr 75 

New  York  Palmer  mtn 108 

New  York,   SUverton  19 

New  York,  Wnlte's  C,  Boundary. 154 

Nickel  Plate  gr.,  Negro  cr 77 

Nickel  Plate,  Trail  cr 122 

Nightingale,    Skylark   C,    Bound- 
ary   162 

Ninety-five,  Methow  89 

Ninety-two,  Palmer  mtn 100 

Nip  &  Tuck,  Cascade  66 

Nip  &  Tuck  gr.,  Methow  89 

Nipissing  gr.  Trait  cr... 128 

Noble  Five  gr.,  Slocan  135 

Nonpareil,  SUverton  20 

Nonpareil  gr.,  Slocan  139 

Nonsucn,  Smith's  C,  Boundary.... 149 

No.  1  gr.,   Alnsworth 143 

No.  4,  White's  C,  Boundary 154 

No.  7  er.,  White's  C,  Boundary. . .154 

No.  9,  White's  C,  Boundary  154 

Noonday,  Slocan   140 

Norfolk,  White's   C,   Boundary...  154 

Northern  Belle,  Trail  cr 124 

Northern  Light,  L<?aven worth......  79 

Sorth  Pole  gr.,  Negro  cr 76 
brth  Star  gr.,  Chelan  82 

North  Star,  Long  Lake  C,  Bound- 
ary  : 153 

North  Star,  Methow  89 

North  'Star,  Okanogan  1 95 

North  Star,  Swauk  70 

Norway,    Trail    cr 123 

Norwegian,  Sliver  cr 27 

Nulla  Secunda,  Coast  161 

Nutcracker,  Coast   163 

O. 

O.  &  B.,  Monte  Crlsto K 

Occidental,  Northport  Hi 

Ocean  gr.,  Slocan 141 

'Oceanic,  Palmer  mtn 104 

Ocean  Wave    Methow  » 

Ohio,   Leavenworth   79 

Skanogan,  Methow  * 86 
.   K.,  Trail  cr ....123 


Page. 
OKI    Discovery,    Slate  cr 68 

Old  Dominion,  Colvllle lU 

Old  England.   C.   McKlnney 1B7 

Old  Glory  gr..   Slocan   141 

Old   Iron,   Okanog.in   1 96 

Old      Ironsides,      Greenwood      C, 

Boundary  161 

Old  Steve,  North  Kettle  r 16« 

Olga,    Trail    cr 12» 

Olympla  gr.,   Negro  cr 72 

Ontario,   Negro  cr 76 

Ontario  Hoy,   North   Kettle  r 156 

Ophir,   Cedar  r 48 

Oregon  City,   Slocan  ..    140 

Oregon  gr.,  Methow  89 

Oregonlan  gr.,  Twlsp 90 

Orient  gr.,   Twlsp   91 

Oriole,    Ceuar   r 48 

Oro  DInoro,  Summit  C,  Boundary.lS4 

Oro  FIno,  Cedar  Canyon 115 

Oro  FIno,   Palmer  mtn 104 

Oro  FIno,   Silver  cr 32 

Oro,   Wellington  C,  Boundary 158 

Oro,  White'-s  C,  Boundary 154 

Orphan  Boy  gr..  Silver  cr 27 

Oriihan  I!oy,   Miller  r 88 

Orphan^  Girl,  Miller  r 38 

Osiola,   Methow   89 

Outburst,    Wellington    C,    Bound- 
ary   163 

Overlook,   Methow   89 

P. 

P.  &  I.,  Monte  Crlsto 14 

Palmer  gr.,  Leavenworth 7* 

Palo  Alto,  Trail  cr 127 

Panic,  Methow  86 

Panorama,  Okanogan  1 96 

Parallel  gr.,  Methow  88 

Parallel,  Methow  89 

Paramatta,  Copper  C,  Boundary.. 161 

Parker  gr..  Nelson  147 

Parrot,  Summit 46 

Pathfinder,  North  Kettle  r 156 

Paul,  Reservation 109 

Paymaster,  Methow   88 

Paymaster,  Money  cr 89 

Payne  gr.,  <Slocan  188 

Pelican,  White  Horse  61 

Peshastln,  Peshastln  71 

Phllo  gr.,  Monte  Crlsto 14 

Phoenix,    Greenwood    C.    Bound- 
ary   16S 

Phoenix,  Reservation 78 

Phoenix,  Slocan  141 

Phoenix,  Trail   cr 128 

Phyllis  gr.,  Chelan   SI 

Pickwick  gr..  Icicle 66 

P.  I.  gr.,  Leavenworth 79 

P.-I.,  Silver  cr S3 

Plngston,  Reservation  110 

Plata  Fina,  Cedar  Canyon  115 

Plata  Rica, 'Cedar  Canyon 115 

Pointer,  Salmon  r 94 

Poland  China,  Reservation  110 

Polar  Star,  St.  Helens 60 

Poleplck,    Peshastln    71 

Polepick  No.  2.  Peshastln  71 

Poodle  Dog.  Coast 106 

Poorman  gr..    Nelson .\ 146 

Poorman,  Trail  cr 121 

Porphyry  gr..  Reservation  116 

Portage,  Coast 166 

Portland  gr..  Nelson  1« 

Portland,  Leavenworth  7» 

Portland  gr,,  Twlsp  91 

Potter  Palmer    gr.,    Graham's   C, 


si  MINING    IN    THE3    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 

ANNIE  M.  SANDS, 

STENOGRAPHER  and 
TYPEWRITER. 


MINIXG  WORK  A 
Sl'ECIAL/rY. 


Hotel  Butler. 


Tel.  Main  202. 


W.  B3.  McKee,  Proprietor. 

The  Horse  Shoe 

SAMPLE  ROOMS  AND  BILlJARaa 
PARLOR, 

81 1   Front   St.,   bet.   Jan»e»   and 
Cherry,    Seattle,    Wash. 

M  CAFE  IX  COXNKOTlO!>i. 

1  handle  no  blended  goods.  All 
whiskies  sold  by  me  .ire  guaran- 
teed to  be  unadulterated,  strictly 
pure  and  high  proof.  I  sell  no  whls- 
kleri  unoer  ueven  years  of  age. 

W.  E.  M'KEE. 


U  £.  CL4RHE  %  C0», 

Ro«ln?i"y  «I«1Hm  SpoUanet  Wash. 

Miners  and  Brokers. 

We    buy    and    develop,    also    buy 
and  .-;ell  selected  mineral  claims. 

Wherever  we  find  ciainiw  that  em- 
body LEAST  COST  AND  LEAST 
HAZARD,  united  with  vast  ore 
bodies  and  greatest  possibility  of 
reward.  THERE  WE  OPERATIil, 
after  personal  in.spection.  We  take 
cur  pa.tronf:  with  us  on  the  ground 
floor.  Write  us.  Call  upon  us. 
R.  E.  CLARKE  &  CO.. 
Rookeiy  Bldg.,  Spokane,  Wash. 


The  Washtisitoiri 


Is  the  oldest,  largest  and  best  min- 
ing publication  in  Western  Wash- 
ington. Monthly,  $1  a  year.  Send 
for  .sample  copy.  Editors  and  can- 
va.ssers    should    write  :>r  clubbing 

rates. 

W.  D.  I'RATT, 
Editor  and  Publisher, 
114  Marion  St..  Seattle.    Wash. 


VAN  ANDA  Cf>PPER  and 
bOLI)  I'O  iPANY 


Cniiltal,  ^m.OOO.OOO,  in  slinrca  of 

Jpl.OO  each. 

TreaMnry  StoeU,  $3,000,000. 


Edward  Blevett  President. 

C.  S.  Neeros Vice-President. 

H.   W.  Treat Treasurer. 

R.  D.  Hall Secretary. 

Trustees— Edward  Blewett,  C.  S. 
Neeros,  H.  W.  Treat,  Hon.  C.  E. 
Poc  liv  and  Flenrv  Saunders. 

Offices— 108  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago; 
613  Bailey  Bldg.,  Seattle;  Victoria 
B.  C. 


F.  C.  Robertson, 

m.  1 8.  mmii 


SPOKANE,  WASH. 


PraetHees    In    State    and    Fed- 
era)   CourtM. 


MARIKITA   mmH^.a    COMPANY, 

Evo)'<»tt,  Wash. 

OFFICERS— Francis  A.  White, 
President,  Everett,  Wash.;  Jame» 
S.  Mcllhany,  Vice  President,  Ever- 
ett. Wt'.sh.;  E.  P.  Gardiner,  Sec  .•?- 
tary,  Everett,  \V\tsh.;  William  a. 
Swalwell,  Treasurer,  Everett, 
Wash.  Charles  Hove,  General  Man- 
ager,   Everett,    Wash. 

TRU'STEEiS  —  Schuyler  Duryee, 
Charles  Hove,  S.  S.  Gardiner,  Ev- 
erett, Wash. 

P.  E.  Thian,  Consulting  Engineer, 
Everett,    Wash. 

Mines  In  Palmer  Mountain  MInlngf 
Dlst^rict,   Okanogan   County,    Wash. 

F.   A.   White,     President;    W.   Q. 

Swalwell.  Vice  President  and  Treas- 
urer; S.   N.  Baird,  Secretary. 


Pevefoiimef^t  Co. 

Everett,  Wafh. 


TTJU'STEES— F.  A  •''hite.  W.  G. 
Swalwell.  S.  N.  Baird,  A.  S.  Taylor, 
A.  O.  Kelly. 

Furnish  capital,  develop  m:ne«» 
buy  and  sell  mining  properties. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


xU 


nas*i 


^        :.  Page. 

Boundary  ., 155 

P.  P.  Nickel,  Negro  cr 76 

Pride  of  the  Hills,  Melhow 86 

Pride  of  Index,  Index 35 

Pride  of  Mountains,  Monte  Crlsto.  13 
Pride  of   the   Valley,   Cedar  Can- 
yon    11,5 

Princess,  Twisp  91 

Prince  gr.,  Cle-elum 62 

Prince  of  Wales,   Stehekln 84 

Princeton,  Cle-elum  66 

Providence,  Harrison  1 167 

Providence,  Providence  C,  Bound- 
ary  150 

Puget  Sound,  Thunder  cr 59 

Quadra  gr..   Reservation 107 

■Queen  Bee,   Coast 166 

Queen  Bess  gr.,   Slocan 134 

Queen  of  the  Hills,  Cle-elum 63 

Queen  Victoria  gr.,  Leavenworth,.  79 

Qulen   Sabe,    Stehekln 83 

QuietBch  pi.,  Swauk 68 

K. 

Kalnbow  gr.,  Palmer  mtn 100 

Rainier  gr.,  Negro  cr 76 

Rainy,  Monte  Crlsto IS 

Rambler,   Okanogan   1 96 

Rambler  gr.,  Slocan  137 

Rattler  gr.,  Cedar  Canyon  115 

[Rattlesnake,  Negro  cr 76 

Blaven  gr.,   Coast 163 

Raymond,  Cholar.   82 

Raymond,  Reaervation   109 

R.  Bell,  Summit  C,  Boundary 154 

Red  Buue  gr.,  Negro  cr 76 

Red  Cap  gr.,  Ijeavenworth 78 

Red  Cloud  gr.,  Silver  cr 32 

Red  Cloud  gr.    Trail  cr 129 

Red  Cloud,  Negro  cr 77 

Red   Eagle,   Irail    cr 127 

Red  Hill  gr.,  I^avetiworth  78 

Red  Jacket,  Palmor  mtn 104 

Red  mtn..  Trail  cr 122 

Redonda  Island,  Coast 164 

(Red    Point.  Trail  cr 128 

Red  Pol",  Trail  cr 127 

Red  Rock,  Skylark  C,  Boundary. 152 

Red  Shirt,  Methow  85 

Red  Top  gr.,  Northport HI 

Red,   Swauk   69 

Reed.    Slocan    139 

R.    E.    Lee,    Slocan 136 

R.  E.  Lee  gr.,  Trail  cr 126 

Remonille  gr..  Silver  or 29 

Reno,  Ml  thow   08 

Republican,    Goaf    1 16 

Republic    gr.,    Slocan 141 

Republic,  Smith's  C  Boundary.... 14b 

Rich  Four  gr..  Reservation 106 

RichmoMd.   .'Blocan  183 

Reco  gr.,  Slocan. 136 

Riverside  gr.,  Methow  m 

Rlverview  gr.,  Palmer  mtn 102 

Robert    Emmet,    Long    Lake    C, 

Boundary  153 

Robertson,   Slocan  139 

Rock  Creek  pi.,  C.  McKlnney I08 

Rockefeller,    Slate  cr 58 

Rocky  Point,   Cle-elum 82 

Roderick     Dhu,     Long    I.ake     C, 

Boundary  153 

Romeo  gr..  Miller  r...... 37 

Royal  Canadian  gr.,  Nelson  147 

Ro.vtil,   Cedar  Canyon Ho 


Pago. 

Royal  Flii'h,  St.  Helens BO 

Ruby  Cretk  gr.,  Negro  or 76 

Ruby  gr.,    Cle-elum 64 

Ruby  Hydraulic,  SliUa  cr 68 

Ruby  King,  Cle-elum 63 

J    -^y  King,  Silver  cr 33 

'    1' y,   Salmon    r 92 

Ki!.->y   Silver,   Slocan 136 

Ruby  Sliver,  Slocan 137 

Ruby,  Smith's  C  Boundary 150 

Rush  gr..  Palmer  mtn 108 

Rushing   Water,    Cle-elum 61 

Ruth  gr.,  Slocan  Ul 

Sacramento,  Goat  1 16 

Sacramento,   Methow    X9 

Sacred    Faith,    Leavenworth 7» 

Safe  Deposit  gr.,  Methow  86 

Sailor  Boy,  C.  McKlnney 157 

Sailor  Boy,  Methow   88 

Sailor  Boy,  Slehekin  84 

St.  Charles,  Wellington  C  .  Bound- 
ary     158 

St.  Clair,    Salmon  r 93 

St.  Elmo  Con.,  Trail  cr 128 

St.  Elmo,  Trail  cr ..122 

St.  Helens  gr.,   St.  Helens bO 

St.  James,   Wellington  C,    Bound- 
ary    IBS 

St.  John,    Cle-elum 66 

St.  Louis,   Silver  cr 29 

St.    Louis,    Silverton 20 

St.   Loui-s.  Thunder  cr 59 

St.    Patrick,   Canead(*    S« 

St.   Patrick,   Methow 88 

St.  Paul,  Trailer 127 

Samson  gr.,  St.   Helen.'? ^ 

Samson,  Long  Lake  C  Boundary. 158 

San  Bernardino,  Slocan   149 

San   Francisco,  Goat  1 16 

San  Francisco  gr..  Palmer  mtn. ...101 

San  Francisco,  Money  cr W 

Sanfon'     North   Kettle  r 166 

Sanilac,   Coast 16i 

Santa   Anna,   Skylark   C,    Bound- 
ary   162 

Santa  Maria,  Slocan i;i8 

Sapphlre-Oem,   Slocan   187 

Saratoga  gr.,  Res«*rvatlon 107 

Satellite,  Palmer  mtn 103 

Saturjay  Night,   Cedar  Canyon 115 

Schlonian,  White  Horse   Bl 

Schulz     &Chesney  gr.,  Methow 89 

Scotia,  Reservation  '..106 

Scrambler,  Okanogan  1 96 

Searchlight  gr.,  Reservation 107 

Seattle,    Cedar  r 48 

Seattle,  Coast  161 

Seattle,   North  Kettle  r J5g 

Se'lge  gr..  Summit    46 

Seventy-six,   Monte  Cri.sto 13 

Shoudy  pi..  Swauk  68 

Sierra  Madre,  Trail  cr 13» 

Sigma,   Silver  cr 3S 

Silent     P'rlend,     Long     Lake     C, 

Boundary  IBS 

Silver  Bell,  Chelan  81 

Stiver  ncll.  Harrison  1 167 

Silver  Bell,  Slocan 134 

Sliver  Bear,   Slocan   142 

•;th'er  Bluff  fJ"- .  H>i'»"on  r 04 

Silver  Bow,  Fairview  159 

Silver  Bow,  Methow 8« 

Silver  Crown,  Fairview   1B9 

Silver  Dump.   Cle-elum 66 

Sliver  Pieml,  Cle-elum  62 


Jli\i 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


ITS  WKAVS  X» 
Aim  HBa.iaCBI>B. 


IT  19  IKBAS)   BY 
THOUSANDS 
WKtiT   AND    BAST. 


f.'.:. 


)■  •'  ' 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIB^IC    NORTHWEST. 


xim 


1?^  • 


Page. 

Bllver  Glance,   Alnaworth 144 

eilver  King,  Chelan   81 

Bilvfer    King,    Nelson 145 

Bilver   King.    Skylark  C,    Bound- 
ary  152 

Bilver  King,  Slocan  141 

Bilver  Lake  gr..  Silver  cr 27 

Silver  Lalce,  Silver  cr 28 

Bilver  Queen,   Egypt ....116 

Bilver  Queer;,   Cedar  Canyon   115 

Bilver  Que-in,    Cle-eluifi    63 

Bilver  Queen,   Nelson   14G 

Bilver  Queen,  Okanogan  1 96 

Silver  Queen,    Thunder  cr 59 

Silver  Slipper,  Silver  cr 33 

Silver  -Tip,   Coast  163 

Sir  JohUj  Coast  161 

Skylark,  Skylark  C,  Boundary. ...151 

Bityiine    gr..    Ainsworth 113 

Bkyline.  Skylark  C.  Boundary. Ii2 

Blocan  Boy,   Slocan 136 

Blocan-Reclproclty,  Slocan   l:i6 

Slocan  Star  gr.    Slocan ViZ 

Smith  &  McCalluni  gr..  Coast 166 

Smuggler  &  U.  S..  Slocan  142 

Smuggler,  Fairview  159 

Smuggler,  Skylark. C.  Boundary.. 15;{ 

Bnowden,  C.   McKlnney 157 

Snowflake,    Pt^hastln    74 

Bnowflake,  St.  Helens  50 

Bnowshoe,  Greenwood  C,   Bound- 
ary     152 

Sockless.   Money   cr 39 

Soldier  Boy  gr..  Cascade 55 

Solor.ion,   Money  cr ,.  39 

Southern  Cross  gr.,  Trail  cr..,.....126 

Southern  Belle,  Trail  cr 124 

Sovereign,  Slocan 136 

Sparling,   Reservation   109 

Sphinx,  Miner  r 37 

Spider.  Miller  r 38 

BpoJtane,  Leavenworth 79 

Spoacane,   Methow  89 

SpcataTie  gr,  Palmer  mtn 99 

Btai,   Okanogan  1 95 

Standard,  Cle-elum* 63 

Btandard,  Leaven wocth  79 

Bt&ndard,  Methow 8S 

Standard,   North'  Kettle  r 156 

Standard  gr..  Palmer  mtn.j 100 

Btar.   Harrison  1 167 

Star.    Stahekln   83 

Btar  gr.,  Summit  45 

Btdrlight  gr..  Nelson   147 

State  gr.,  Negro  cr.. 77 

Stehekln  gr..  Stehekin  84 

Stella.  Okanogan   1 96 

Btemwinder,   Cedar  r 48 

Btem winder.  Fairview  159 

Btemwinder.         Greenwood        C, 

Boundary  152 

Btemwinder.  Trail   cr 128 

Stockton.   Sllverton   20 

Strawberry,  North  Kettle  r 156 

Strong  gr.,  Skagit  54 

Budloy  gr..  Const  166 

Sultan  No.  1  and  2.  Sultanv 25 

Bummer  Coor.  Sllverton  IS 

Summit  gr..  Colvilivj  US 

Summll,  Pnlmer  mtn..» WJ 

Bummlt.  Twisp   »1 

Biinday,    Milter   r 37 

Biindnv  MnrnlnK.   Chetr.n    .  8i 

Sunday  Morning,  Cedar  Canyon... 115 

Bnnnyside  gr,.  Reservation  i"* 

BnnnvairtP,    3tPhekln «' 

Butirt««,  Kefemeos 159 

(9) 


Pass. 

Sunrise,  Wenatchee  71 

Sunset,   De^dwood  C,   Boundary.. Isl 

Sunset,   (ioat   1 •. 11^, 

Sunset,  KoromtoH   l»t 

Sunset,  OUtenogan  1... W| 

Sunset,    Pesha.'stin    7f^ 

Sunset  Ncft- 2,  Pe^lia«tln   74! 

Sunset,  Slcrcan  188# 

Sunsei  gr.,   Stehekln   Wv 

Sunset   gr.,    Trail    cr tW' 

Surpri.sc.    Coast   !♦!»' 

Surprise,  Slocan  Iw 

Surprise,  Trail  cr 1^* 

Sure  Thing,  Summit   j*} 

Susie,  Fairview   1w 

Sutherland  pi.,  Swauk   .  •* 

Swamp  Angel,  Summit  C,  BoOMd' 

ary    Inf. 

Swan  Lake  gr..  Okanogan  i .9i- 

Svvayne  &  Halght  gr.,  Cle-ehim W 

Sweden  &  Norway,  St.  Helens 43 

S winker   gr..    Nelaon tISr 

Syndicate  gr.,  Reservation  IW' 

Syndicate  gr..  Coast.. 161 

T. 

Tacoma,   Mineral   or tli 

Tamarack,  Gieenwood  C,  Bound- 
ary   t!3 

Tappan  gr..  Skagit M 

TrU'lt.    Ainswonh    I* 

T.  &  B.,  Skylark  C.  Boundary.... la 

Tenne-ssee.    Stchc-kin    81 

Texa.-?,   Provi.-lence  C.   Boundary.. iiJI 

Texas  gr..   Silver  cr • 

Thompsonj    Summit   41 

Thompson  &  Fiizgerald  gr.,  Skagit  54 

Thoriey,  Coa«t   1«l 

Thorp,  Cle-elum W 

Three  Links,  Twisp  SIC 

Three  Sisters,  Sllverton !& 

Three  Star,-  Goat  1 If 

Thulln  gr..  Const 164 

Tthhie.   Wenfltrhee   TL 

Tiger  gr.,  Stfeht-kln  M 

Tin    Horn.    Falrvhrw  t59 

Tiptop.  Cle-elum    ..-.^ 

Tip  Top  No.  1,  CJfr'eJum.ji 

Tiptop.  Coast    

Tiptop,  Pe.'^hnstin  74 

Tohi«)ue,  Mont^  Crtsto 14 

Toledo  gr..  St.  Helens/ A 

Topping.  Clerchim  V 

Tornado,  Miller  r ■ 

Toronto,   Connt. 1<J 

Tough  Nut.  Salmon  r , II 

Trade  Dollar.  Stiver  cr 11 

Trail  hunter.    Trail   cr. IW 

Tralee,  Negrocr T) 

Transv,  3l,    St.    Hflenn 1BD 

Tren=!ir     Box,  Sllvrr  or SB 

Trpi     irv    gr..   Palmer  mtn M6 

Tril  y,  Slcylnrk  C.  Boundarr ^J^ 

Trll;iy  gr..  TrntI  or IM 

Trtune  gr..   Mtlter  r M 

Triune  gr..  Pnlmer  mtn,. 59 

Tuppdny  gr.,  Methow     H 

Tunnel  gr  .    Pnlmpr   n  fn % 

Twff^  A  .Johnson.  Swiuk  W 

Twin  gr..  Cle-elnm  <t3 

Tw'n   Fnlti.    fffof^'-V-tn    «J 

Twin  Lakes.  Miller  r S| 

Two  Frlrndfi.   RIoonn   140 

Typo,  Monte  Cristo  li 

r. 

Uncle  Sam,  Palmer  mtn 101 


MttV 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


St»nufaotur«ra  of  All 
Kinds  of 

liners'  Clothing, 
Heavy  Wool  Blankets, 
Mackinaw  Shirts  and  Undenrear. 


III9FIISI  Ave.,  seat,  nsiL 


Webster  Brown, 


t:  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Seattle. 

leads  and  Mittiag  Properties  L^xaral«ed  and  Reported  On. 

Heferetices  In  Seattle,  New  York,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow. 


TER  WHEEL 


AlforAs  th*  most  efficient,   economical    and   reliable   power   for   mining     and 
•il  athar  purposes  under  any  conditions  as  to  head  and  water  supply. 

7.000    VVHKRI..S   NOW  nUlVMlVU. 

FMI^TON  WHEEI^S  are  operating    almost    without     exception     EVERT 
IWNINO    PliANT    ON    TMK    PA*  IKIC  COAST  where  water  la  available  for 

r^w^r.    NO  OTHKR  WTT.I.   RE  COVSIDERED  where  the  advantagea  of  ttl« 
ii:i,fON  sre  underatood  and  appr .^elated. 
'^•tsloKues   furnl.^hed   on   applicitlon.       Address,      statin?     oondftlonis   o( 

•*'^^'*^*"  PELTON  WATER,  WHEEl.  OOHIPANY, 

tB  Main  Street.  San  Pranclsco.  CaL 

— ———.—— — I  —I »»»i~— 1^ 

Albro  Gardner... 

:     BWlliilSiRm 

Seattle,  Wash. 

KESIDENCE  NO.  2221  FIFTH  4V£Nm 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEaT. 


XlT 


Page. 

Uncle  Sam,  Swauk 70 

Undaunted.  Silver  cr 29 

Uniforn.  Miller  r 37 

Union.  Coast  1()6 

Union,  Goal  1 16 

Union  and  Dominion.  Negrr   cr...  75 

United  Empire.  Slocan  140 

United  Workman,  Cedar  Canyon.. 116 
Utica,   Palmer   mtn... 104 

V. 

Van  Aiida,  Coast  162 

Vancouver,  C.  McKlnney  158 

Vancouver,    Coast    161 

Vandalia,    Money   cr 40 

Vandalia  gr..  Silver  cr 33 

Vanguard   gr„   Summit 46 

Ventura  gr..  Cascade  65 

Verdin   pi..   Swault 68 

Victoria  gr.,  C.  McKinney 157 

Victoria,   Cedar  r 48 

Victoria,   Coast   162 

Victory   Triumph,   Trail  cr 129 

Vidette.   Cle-elum   62 

View.  Trail  cr 123 

Vlnon.  Trail  cr  128 

Viola.  Stehekln  83 

Virginia,  Trail  cr 121 

Vitorla.  Greenwood  C,  Boundary  .153 

Volcanic.   North    Kettle  r 155 

Volunteer  gr..  Coast  16S 

Von  Pressentin.  Skagit 54 

Vulcaa  gr.,  Coaat  162 

w. 

Wakefield  gr..  Slocan  139 

"WaH   Street.  Coast  161 

Wall  Street  gr.,  Swauk 70 

War  EaKle.   C.  McKlnney 168 

War  Eagle  gr..  Cle-elum  66 

War  Eagle.  Greenwood  C.  Bound- 
ary   162 

War  Eagle,   Mlllpr  r 38 

War  Ragle  gr.,  Negro  cr 75 

War  Eaele,  Palmer  mtn ^ 

War  Kagie.  Trail  cr iw 

War  Horse,  Okanogan  1 96 

Warrior.  Okanogan  1 9* 

Warsaw.   Palmer  mtn 102 

Washington  gr..   Methow  86 

Washington,   Slocan    137 

WHMhinkTton.    Twtsp   91 

Waterfall,    Ooat    1 1« 

Waterfall,  Mineral  cr llj 

Webster,  SUver  cr •■ 


Pagvv 

Wehe  gr..   Palmer  mtn 10' 

Welcome  gr..  Summit  4S 

Wellington  gr.,  Slocan  ISS 

Wellknown   pr.,   Stehekln   84 

Wellman.  White  Horse 61 

Wenatchee.    Reservation    110 

Western   Hill.   Falrvlew   161 

Weptland.   Silver   cr St 

Westminster.   Coast   ICl  ' 

Westmount.  Sloean  140 

Whaleback.  Silver  cr 29 

Whatcom.    Slate    cr S8 

Whip-poor-will,    Cle-ehim 6S 

WhI.'skey    Hill  pr..   Palmer  mtn....  98 

Whistler  gr.,  Monte  Cristo 14 

Whiatler.   Slate  cr 68 

White  Rear,  Trail  cr 1S4 

White  Bear,  Twisp n 

White  Elephant.   Methow  89 

White  Gander.  White  Horse 61 

White  Glacier,  Summit  4€ 

Whit©  Horse,    Reservation 108 

White  Otter,  Reservation  108 

White  Pine.   Coast   Jfi« 

White  Star,  Cle-elum 62 

White  Swan.   Sllverton  22 

Whitewater  gr.,  <=ilocan 138 

Whittaker-York    &    Meagher    p!., 

Swauk    , 88 

Wideawake.   Coast    181 

Wildcat.  Sllverton 28 

Wild  Goose.   Slocan  IS4 

Wllmans,  Monte  Cristo    13 

Willis  &  Everett,  Thunder  cr 69 

WInlf'-ed,  Okanogan   1 9S 

Winnipeg,    Ohelnn     tt 

Winnipeg,    Wellington  C,    Bound- 
ary  168 

Wisconsin,   St.  Helens SO 

WvMv^rlne.  North  Kettle  r 161 

Wonderful  gr..  Slocan  138 

WovxlIIne.  Cedar  r 47 

Wooloo-Mooloo,   Salmon    r 93 

Wyandotte  gr.,  Palmer  mtn 101 

Y. 

Taklma  gr..  Slocan  184 

Yankee  Doodle,   Peshastln 74 

Yellow   Jacket.    Const    188 

Yellow  .Tacket.   TwIsp   91 

Yes  or  No.  Methow  88 

Young  America,  Colville 112 

z. 

Zllor,  Trail  cr 1* 


l»f^ 


riXl  ^^'  MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


■>  >; 


WASHINGTON^* 


locorpoffltefl  under  itie  Laws  oi  itie  sioie  oi  MmMi 


CAPITAL 


$100,000 


TRUSTEES; 


Uanrlce  McMlcken,   President  of  the  Flrcit  IVatlonal  BanSc, 

B.  W.  AndreTvs,  President  of  the  Seattle  National  Bank. 

Hon.  J.  P.  Hoyt,  I^ate  Chief   Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court* 

Dr.  W.  A.   Shannon,  Physician. 

John   W.   Pratt,    of   Pratt   &    Riddle,  Attorney*! 

Carroll   C   Rwnillntrs>   of  Nemr  York. 

ERNEST  E.  LING.  Secrot^iry. 


Mtnca  and  mining:  eomipanles  In-restlarate^  and  reporteA 
wpon     CONFIiDE!NTIAI.I*T(. 

Investors  vvlll  find  this  an  ABi^OLVTEIIiV  RI@I4IABI.Bi 
means    of  ascertalnlnar   the  value  of  shares  or  claims. 

Preliminary  reports  made  npon  RE:AS0NABUB:  TBRSU^ 
which  can  be  aaoertalned  In  advance. 

INQUIRIES  ANSWERED. 

Tke  object  of  the  RI3GISTRY  is  to  protect  Investors  froxn  tvlld- 
•at  seheniea  and  to  promote  the  development  of  the  legitimate 
minlnff  lntere»t«  »i  (be  »itate  of  Woslilntrtos,  territory  «><f  Alaska 
and  province  of  Britiiih  I  ulambia. 


Oifices:  309~3!0-311  Bailey  Building,  Seattle,  Wash. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWKST  xUa 

We... 
Recommend 

THENOeTHERN 
PACIFIC  RAILWAY 

▲•  the  direct  Un«  from  all  K»8tem  points,  a«  well  a«  from  the  Pacific  CoMi^ 
to.  all  the  mining  districts  mentioned  In  this  publication.  The  Spokar.*. 
Kootenai  mlnos,  Colvllle  Reservation,  etc.,  are  reached  via  Spokan«  on  tbt 
Northern  Paclfio. 

Coming  from  the  East  to  the  Western  Washington  Mining  Districts  tak* 
the  Northern  Pacific  direct  to  Seattle  or  Tecoma,  not  only  for  Western  Wash- 
ington points  but  for  the  great  Alaska  MlHes  on  the  Yukon,  Cook  Inlet  and 
Of    recently    discovered    and    rich    Klondike   placers. 

Consult  their  agents,  as  shown  below,  and  your  passage  will  be  arranged 
to  destination: 


General  and  Special  Agemts. 


319  Broadway  New  York  Cltjr 
I^'ranclsno.  Cal. 


Tf,  P.  MERSHON,  General  Agent  Pass'r  Dept 

T.  K.  STATELER,  Gen.  Agt.  Pass.  Dept....fi38  Market  sit..  Sar 

P.  H.  POGARTY,  Gen.  Agt .210  (after  May  1— 208>  S.  Clark  St.,  Chlc««» 

H.  awiNFORD,  Gen.  Agt Depot  Building,  Water  st,  Winnipeg,  Man. 

R.  A.  EVA.  General  Agent Duluth,  Minn. 

A.  D.  EDGAR,  General  Agetvt ,.,Cor.  Main  and  Grand  sts.,  Helena.  Mont. 

W.  M.  TUOHY,  Generpl  Agent 23  B.  Broadway,  Butte,  Mont. 

P.  D.   GIBBS,  General  Agent Spokane,    Wa«h. 

J.  G.  BOYD.  General  Agent Wrtllace.  Idaho 

k.  TINLING,  General  Agent  925  Pacific  ave.,  Tactoma,  Wash. 

I,  A.  NADF^AU,  General  Agpnt Seattle.  Wash. 

F.  C.  JACKSON,  Assistant  General  Agei,f  .: V/eni  Superior,  'Wli. 

H.  GAZE  &  SONS,  European  Tourist  As'ents ...142  I9trand,  London,  Eng. 

P.  A.  GROSS 830  V/jshington  St..  BoatfJH 

J.  H.  ROGERS,  JR 47  South  Third  St.,  Ph!ladell5hl» 

L.  L.  BILLINGSTvEA 47  South  Tlilrd  St.,  Philadelphia 

WILLIAM  G.  MASON 215  Eltfcott  square,  Buffalo 

CHARLES  E.  JOHNSON 817  Carnegie  Building.  Pittsburg.  Pa. 

THOMAS  HENRY 128  St.  James  fit.,  Montreal,  Quebeo 

W.  H.  WHITAKER 153  Jefferson  ave.,  Detroit,   Mich. 

J.  J.  FERRY 32  Carew  Building,  Fifth  and  Vine  sts.,  Cincinnati,  O. 

JOHN  B.  TURNER Jackson  Place,  Indianapolis 

C   Q    LEMMON i'O  rafter  May  1—208)  South  Clark  st.,  Chicago 

P.'  h'  NOEL  .Room  210  Commercial  Bldg.,  cor.  Sixth  and  Olivs^  Std.,  St.  Louis 

J.  N    ROBINSON 377  Broadway,   Milwaukee,  Wis. 

O  VANDBRBILT 603  Locust  St.,  Des  Moines,  Ta. 

GEORGE  D.  ROGERS ...^...  .......St    Paul    Minn. 

GEORGE  W.  McCASKEY ..S3  York  st.,  ToJonto   Ontario 

P    O'NEILL     266  Jftewlson  St.,   Portland,   Or. 

b'  L   RAYBURN «*  Morrison  St..  Portland,  Or. 

kl  L    CRATG    AsKi^tnrt  Oerr-roi  "^loVpt  Au-ent St.  Pniil.   Minn. 

B.  n",    AUSTIN,   Assistant  General  Passenger  Agent St.  Paul.  Minn. 

A.  D    CHARLTON,  Asslatani  oeii.rai  i^assenger  \gent Portland,  Ore. 


J.  M.  HANNAFORD, 

General  TrafHc  Manai.er, 


CHAS.  S  FEE, 
General  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agent, 


8T.    PAUL.    MINN. 


..  .(< 


xlvlll 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST, 


$1.00  PER  YEAR. 


10  CENTS  A  COPY 


MINING 

JOUENAL  OF  THE  NORTHWEST 
MINING  ASSOCIATION. 

L.  K.  ARMSiRONG,  Editor. 


ePOKANB,  WASHIIfOTOn. 


nUS  JVVKNAL   !S   THE   f NLY   .   .   . 


\ 


ONTHLY 

INING 

AGAZINE 


....   PUBLISHED    IN   AMERICA. 


rrs    OWN   OORiRKSPONDEIIVTS  SUPPLY  THE  WETITS  FROML  EVBIIT      v 

Mining  district  in  Washington,   u>aho,  Montana,   orkgon 
and  british  oolumbiia,  ^vhich    is    thei    greiatsat    minino 

riEUiD    ON   ELlLRTH. 


ADVERTISERS 

PROSPECTORS.  ASSAYERS,  3IIIjL 
MEN,  SMEI/rERS,  MI5TAI^l.lIR- 
GISTS  AND  CITIZENS  ARE  ITS .  . 


SHOULD  CONSULT  THEIR  OW^lf 
INTERESTS  BY  ASKING  FOB 
RATES.     THE  LEADING  MINERS, 

SUBSCRIBERS 


Oorreiipoitdeii«c*  luid   rsmlttances  should  be  addreased  to 

L.  K.  ARMSTRONG,  Spok«n«,  W^Mh. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWKST. 


1 
J 


%/• 


PRINTERS, 

STATIONERS. 

BOOKBINDERS 


Spokane,  -  -  Washington. 


Hsadquarters  for  SupDlles  for  Mlnem  ami  MlnSql 

Companies. 

150  Stock  Certificates  ',*. flO  M 

WO  Stock  Certlflcatea  1«  IIS 

Corporate    Seal    8  09 

Stock   Journal   2  t§ 

Stock  Ledger  2  Ot 

Record  or  Minute  Book  f....    IN 

Pay    Rolls    per  dozen 9 

Bock  of  100  Time  Checks  9 

CB.  C.  Mining  Bill  ot  Sale,  doz S 

B.  C.  Mining  Deeds,  doz ,....        V 

American   Min'iig  Deeds,    doz S 

Bo.  d  for  American  Mining  Deed,  doz 9 


Mining  Books  and  Maps. 

dough's  Mining  Code  (cipher)  I  2  Qt 

Copp's  American  Mining  Code  SI 

Copy's  Pro.-fpector's  Manual  9 

Latest  Mining  Laws  (B.   C.  and  Wash.) 60 

Mulkey's  Guide  to  Gold  Flf-Ids  uO 

Annual  Report  Minister  of  Mines  (B.  C,  1896)    in 

New  Boundary  Creek  Map.  bound 1  2B 

Kootenay  District  Map,   bound 1  M 

East  Kootenay  Map,  bound   , 100 

Colville   Reservation  Map,   bound ; IM 

fehaw-Borden  Trail  Creek  Map,   bound 1  M 

Combined  Trail  Creek  and  Reservation 1  M 

Meadows'  Kaslo-Slocan  Map,   bound   1  «• 

Kenwav'3  Trail  Creek  Map,  bound 1  < 

Bakker's  Trail  Creek  Map  (surveyed  claims) I 

Government  Map  of  Kootenay  District  ««..... 


MININU    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWK8T. 


'^ 


i. 


Filley 

&  Os:den's 


Complete  and  Authentic 


MINING  LAWS 


'WW 


^\ 


^ 


-OP- 


British  Colniiibia, 
Utiited  States  and 
State  of  Washington, 

Wltli  E.eg«l  Forms,  Def  lultlotts  of  Mining  Tertns, 
Custottts  Duties,  Etc. 


M  Pnc!or.  Miner.  loKesiof  m  Lawyer  Siiouid  HQife  One. 

PRICE, 50  CENTS. 


Ask  your  newsdealer  or  wrl.  to  FILLEY  & 
OGDEN,  Brokers  and  Real  Estate,  Grand  Forks, 
British  Columbia. 


%^^^' 


MININO    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


THE    CITY    OP    R0SSLAN1>. 

Four  years  ago  It  was  a  tract  of  wild  mountain  land,  covered  with  p1n««, 
Md  a  log  cabin,  built  two  years  previously,  was  the  first  human  habltallon. 
This  cabin  was  the  home  of  the  founder,  Ross  Thompson,  whoae  foresight  and 
•ndurance  have  been  rewarded  by  the  growth  of  a  thriving,  buslllng  mining 
aity  of  7,000  people  on  the  alto  he  selected. 

The  founder  of  Rosaland,  Ross  Thompson,  Is  yet  a  young  man  and  has  had 
0fk  experience  similar  to  that  of  many  another  successful  Western  man.  Com- 
lOg  west  from  Brant  county,  Ontario,  during  the  construction  of  the  Canaillan 
Pacific  Railroad,  he  had  the  usual  ups  and  downs  until.  In  1890,  he  left  Seattle 
without  a  dollar  and  got  a  fresh  start  by  working  as  foreman  of  Charles 
CroBsman's  sawmill  at  Bonner's  Ferry.  Moving  to  the  embryo  camp  on  Tral 
Creek,  he  did  his  first  work  as  a  miner  In  the  Centre  Star  Mine,  under  Mr. 
Oliver  Durant.  Seeing  the  opportunity  for  a  town  to  grow  up  under  the 
shadow  of  Red  Mountain,  he  located  a  pre-emption  claim  of  320  acres  and  built 
•  cabin  where  the  city  now  stands. 

Two  years  later  he  obtained  title  to  his  claim,  ,)lattPd  It  as  a  townslte  and, 
«(th  the  aid  of  all  the  men  employed   In   the  cp.irp,   proceeded   to   build   the 

Clifton  House,  the  llrHt  hotol. 
Among  those  who  helped  him 
as  carpenters  was  Bhillp  As- 
plnwall,  who  took  In  payment 
of  $40  wages  a  lot  which  he 
could  now  aell  for  $.S.0<M)  cash. 
The  town  was  at  flr.st  named 
Thompson,  but  there  being  an- 
other town  of  the  same  nam* 
in  British  Columbia,  the  pres- 
ent name  of  Rossland  waa 
Anally  adopted. 

Wagon  roads  were  cut  In 
in  1891  to  Trail  Landing  on  tha 
Columbia  River  and  In  1H92  to 
Northport,  all  communlcatloa 
having  prevloiiP'y  been,  bjr 
trail.  The  population  grew  ta 
about  300  In  the  summer  of 
1894,  but  not  until  December  of 
that  yoar,  when  the  great  oro- 
chute  lii  the  War  Eagle  Mine 
was  sti-uck,  did  the  people 
make  up  their  minds  that  the 
camp  would  live.  In  1894  John 
B.  Cook,  Frederick  Rltchlb, 
EUlng  Johnson  and  James  An- 
derson became  Interested  with 
Mr.  Thompson  In  the  townslte 
and  a  year  later  the  Interests 

were  segregated.  .^ , 

By  thi?  spring  of  1?95  the 
population  had  grown  to  about 
500  and  from  that  time  it  In- 
creased rapidly.  Then  regular 
.shipments  from  the  principal 
mines  began,  dividends  were 
declared  ny  the  Le  Rol  and 
War  Eagl<?,  and  population  In- 
creased faster  than  buildings 
could  be  erected,  so  that  In 
Mr.rch,  1896,  it  was  fully  3,000. 


ROSS  THOMPSOIC. 


The 


..nnatmiptlon  of  the  Columbia  &  Western  Railroad  to  Trail  was  completed 
taMarS&argi^reg^^^^^ 
River  &  Red  Mountal 
kane  Falls  &  Northe 

^'^^v^lL^i* -It^Tn^Art  tn" -Robson    where  it  will  connect  witii  me  Arrow   j-.»kb 


».       ^ilTi^'^ilmmtain  lalTroad  was  c^m^^^  of  the  Sno- 


oit-uii.c.o  "^v^.^^j.-------  ^^       ^  connection   witn   tne   »janauiaii 

through  the   Bo""«^5X„';;;i®®  „  Lake      This  will  make  Rossland  not  only  a 
Pae  ftc  steamora  on  Otonogan  Lake       im^  railroad  center. 

mining  center  for  the  \'^'('_^^lf^^^'^^^^^^^  flSng  oft  the  swaddling  clothes 

Rossland  is  now  a  i"'^  "^^^f'i^'^' iij^^^^^^      of  civilization— rallroado,   tele- 

of  a  mining  camP.  «;"^  has  all  the  resources  or^c^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^ 

craphs.  telephones   chh       banks  ana  nrstc_a      ^^^  ^^  rigidly-enforced. 

first  been  aii  orderly  town,  for  tne  "^T^'^V^jTut  deeds  of  violence  are  severely 
All  '■'-asonahe  recreations  can  l^eenjo^^^^  ae|a^^  ^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^ 

5SSSlc1«.<^.ntTn^-^  l!j%Sthe'^-l>ad*man  with  a  gun"  la  promptly  p^ 
where  he  is  harmless. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER, NY.  M580 

(716)  872-4503 


7.  ^^ 


& 


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MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWBST. 


BANK  OF. 


British  North  America 

'ineorporated  by    Ror*l   Obarter. 

Paid-Up  Capital,      -     $4»866,666 
Reserve  Fund,         -        1,338,333 

LoBdwii    Office  i     3    Clements*    Lane,  Lombard  Street,  B.  0^ 


kmentm  In  the  United  ■tatea. 

Spokane:   Traders'  National  Bank,  and  Old  National  Bank.   New  Tork 
Wall  street)  W.   Lawgbn   and  J.   C.   Welsh,     Ban  Francisco:     (144 
Street)  H.  M.  J.  McMichael  and  J.  R.  Ambrose. 

Branches  In  principal  citle*  In  Canada  and  Brlttah  Oolaotblat 

Rossland,  Kaslo,  Sandon,  Trail.  Vancouver  and  Victoria. 

Through  its  head  office  In  Ifondon,  England,  and  lt«  conneotlom  Im  tlM 
Bast  and  Its  branches  through  British     Columbia,   tbla  bank  offsn 
faollltles  for  mining  business.     _ 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 


im 


k: 


ft  tlM 


GOLD,  SILVER,  COPPER 


Every  character  of  ore  la  found  In  the  rich  mining  dlstrloU  mi  the' Sauk 
«Qd  StUlaffuamish  Rivers,  penetrated  hy 

The  Everett* 
Monte  Cristo  Railway. 

Thia  to  the  only  line  to  the  flourishing  mining  camps  of  Oold  Basin,  Oordoa 
CrMk.  Martin  Creek,  Sllverion,  Deer  Creek,  Goat  I#ke  and  Monte  Cristo. 

It  Is  the  scenic  route  of  the  Cascade  range,  traversing  a  section  of  countrr 
nnrlvaled  in  beauty  and  the  various  sources  of  material  wealth,  an  Ideal  trip 
tor  •portsmcn,  tourists  and  ouUng  parties.  The  bracing  mountain  air,  tta* 
div«rsined  and  enchanting  scenery,  the  cold  sparkling  streams  flUed  wltfc 
tJTout  and  the  hillsides  covered  with  a  rich  heather  and  palatable  berries,  ope* 
A  new  Held  for  summer  pleasure  unsurpassed  In  any  lecallty. 

Reduced  rates  to  tourists  and  excursion  partlee.  _..   ,      - 

For  special  Information,  accommodations,   etc.,  apply  to  nMtrMt  Ie<w| 

S.  N.  BAIRD, 

Oen.  Prt.  and  Paser.  Agtn  Everfttt,  Wasli. 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWEST. 

NOT  A  PROSPECT; 
A  FACT.. 


H  y©w  mrt)  lntere»ted  In  MlWIlfO 
tk«rc  !■  only  one  paper  In  the  State 
of  Wa«l«Ui«tO(n  that  publlehee  the 
kind  «t  nei»e  yon  want. 


I    1 


It    dOTOtea    morr    npaxie,  'Otaployo 

more   Bpecial    writer*  on    the   »reat 

.mtntac     tnd-UBtrjr     of    thio     Beetlon 

than  any  three  dally  paper*  la  tho 

Paellle  Noirthweat.  '^ 


Has  More  Vhmn  Doubto  tbe  Circtttetlo*  *df  %itj 

OthOi  Dally  Paper  Itt-Washiagtoxi.    Ad- 

vartieers  Kaow  Tlila. 


8UBSCKIPV10FI  RAIlSi 

Dally  and  «anday,  ner  »•*».  •♦  tj* 
Daily  and  Snnday,  irtx  luoniftB. .  4S«> 
Dally  a«d  Sunday, -one  yBmae. . . .    7.50 

■nnday  «dltlon,  one  ^ear JOO 

aanday  and  Weekly,  <»«  ye*r. .  «J» 
Weekly  Bdlitlon,  one  year l.«0 


ADDRESS    • 

PosMntelfl^encer,  Seattle,  Wash, 

JfS.  D.  HOGE,  a«.,  Mananer. 
KBUffD  FOB,  aAMPLa  ootnT. 


MINING    IN   THE    PACIPIG   NORTHWBWT. 


WE  PRIMTED  THIS  BOOK 


Prlntino  and 
ino  6&. 


DEXTER  HQRTON  BANK  BUILDING,  SEATTLE,  WASH. 


.^te^ 


We  Would  Like  to  Print 


...For  \^u. 


•« 


' '  ""  •■  *<^|jpf^ 


Mining  Stock  Boolcs  and  High- 
class  Prospectuses  our  Specialty 


M 


MINING    IN    THE    PACIFIC    NORTHWBJ8T. 


A.  L.  JOHNSON, 


Assayer     and     Chemist, 


SEATTLE,  WASH. 


114    YwMr   W«T. 


.*FV«^-^' 


Occldeutet    Bloolb 


We  Buy  6old 


And    Pay    UtiUed    Stateg 

Wo  have  a    Completa 

Platit  of  FMrtt.accs.^JgS 
Stneltiwff  and  Refitiiiig 
Gold, 


Jos.  Mayer  &  Bros. 


■aaifadtvlit  Jewelers,  Dealers  ta  Dlaaeiids. 

Watches,  aecks.  Jemlry  and  Jewelers*  SnpftOMb 


f  09  ItocKMid  AT«««e, 
tlS61i«rrjrBtrMt. 


1 


8BATT1 


-f 


0k. 


es 


for 


y 


w^^mi^pw-W^^ 


mmmmmgm 


NOT  A  PROSPECT; 
A  FACT. 


ir  TOO  are  interested  In  MlNlWa 
there  In  onl)  one  paper  In  tbt*  .State 
of  Waablnston  that  pnbllaboa  the 
kind   of  ne'TTS  you  ivmnt. 


l) 


It  deroten  more  »ita4*e,  emplor* 
more  npeolal  %rrlt<TM  on  the  irreat 
mining:  indnatry  of  thin  neffion 
than  any  three  dally  paper*  In  (he 
Pacific  NorthTreat. 


Has    More   Thmn    Double    the  Circulation  of  Any 
Other  Daily  Paper  In  WashluKton.    Ad- 
vertisers Know  This. 

SDBSCRIPTION  RATCSi 

Dallr  and  Sunday,  per  month,  .f  .75 
Dally  and  Sunday,  alx  month*.  .  4.00 
Daily  and  Sunday,  oae  yeaar. .  .  .    7.SO 

Sunday  Bdltlon,  one  year 2.0O 

Sunday  and  lireekly,  one  ye«Mr.  .  U.50 
Weekly  KdMlon,  one  year l.OO 


ADDRESS 

Post  Intelligencer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

JAS.  D.  HOOB,  JR.,  J^iananer. 
amfD  FOR  sAMPi'B  oocrr. 


v'i  >S  >  V!.  's.  ^^SSSSSS'!.  ^'>  'vS'v'iSSSSSVSS^SSSSSSSVMW®******* 


*(<^   + 
^    •  • 

I 

I:: 

MM    - 

§:: 

^    >  • 


fi  J. 


I'M  1  M-('I-M-1I  I-H  l-l-l-II-M-M  I M  IMl-M  M-M  M-M-  +++ 


t\% 


Sfl    T 

i 


PAUL  GASTON. 

MOBSLANO.    a     C. 


E.W.JOHNSTON.       •• 


•  CArTLK. 


-^ 


"(: 


51LVERTON 


51  rUATED  on  ilie ^Everett  &  Monte  Cristo  Railroad,  in 
the  center  of  the  Stillagiiamish  Mining  District,  is 
the  diflributing  point  for  the  Deer  Creek.  Silver  Gulch, 
Anacortes  Gulch,  Coal  Creek,  Wisconsin  Gulch,  Bender 
Creek,  Perry  Creek  and  Martin  Creek  Mines,  some  of 
which  have  become  famous  in  the  past  few  months — 
namely,  the  Forty- live,  Bonanza  Queen,  St.  Louis,  Helena 
Group,  New  Seattle,  and  Independent,  with  a  hundred  of 
others  too  numerous  to  name.  I 

Spokane  and  Rossland  parties  are  directing  their  atten- 
tion to  this  district,  which  iheir  experts  have  told  them  will 
rival  Cripple  Creek  and  I  rail  Creek  districts  in  the  next 
few  months. 

1,-— »-{-♦  —I—  .O^i^r*^-*--  ■*^'^ — • 

SPECIAL  INDUCEMENTS  TO  PARTIES  SEEKING 
....BUSINESS  LOCATIONS.... 


Over  15  Bulldinjcs  in  Course  of  Construction  Upon  the       •f 

Property 


..  O 


For  further  information  address 

GASTON  &  JOHNSTON 

MINING  AGENTS 
Sllverton      -      -      .      .     Washington 

Or  H.  S.  TURNER,  Room  C,  Bailey  feldg,  Seattle  Agent 
IM M-MM-M  I'M  I  I-M-I  H«M'M'M"M'M-MM'M'M'M''1-H' 


^     'I'l'IT'l'l'l-l'I'l'I'l'l'l'l   i"i'l'fl'  l'FI'l"l'iWl'i-|"l*l'i'l"in''lM"l'l*ITI'IMM'  S ' 


